CN112038655B - Fuel cell with bipolar plate sealing structure - Google Patents
Fuel cell with bipolar plate sealing structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN112038655B CN112038655B CN202010949461.9A CN202010949461A CN112038655B CN 112038655 B CN112038655 B CN 112038655B CN 202010949461 A CN202010949461 A CN 202010949461A CN 112038655 B CN112038655 B CN 112038655B
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
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- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0276—Sealing means characterised by their form
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04611—Power, energy, capacity or load of the individual fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04932—Power, energy, capacity or load of the individual fuel cell
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell with a bipolar plate sealing structure, which comprises a cathode flow field plate, wherein a membrane electrode is arranged on one side of the cathode flow field plate, an anode flow field plate is horizontally arranged on one side of the membrane electrode away from the cathode flow field plate, an air inlet is arranged at the top end of the anode flow field plate, a fuel gas outlet is arranged on one side of the air inlet, a cooling water inlet is arranged on one side of the fuel gas outlet, an air outlet is arranged at the bottom end of the anode flow field plate, a fuel gas inlet is arranged on one side of the air outlet, a cooling port outlet is arranged on one side of the fuel gas inlet, an air flow field is arranged at the front end of the anode flow field plate, an anode sealing ring is arranged on the outer side of the air flow field, positioning holes are arranged on two sides of the anode flow field plate, and a separation plate is arranged on one side of the air flow field; the fuel cell with the bipolar plate sealing structure is provided with the membrane electrode, and the membrane electrode is arranged between the cathode flow field plate and the anode flow field plate, so that the service life of the bipolar plate can be prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bipolar plates, in particular to a fuel cell with a bipolar plate sealing structure.
Background
The fuel cell is one of new energy batteries, has the advantages of low working temperature, large specific power, quick start and the like, and has become one of the hot spots of research in the field of new energy. A key component of a fuel cell is a bipolar plate, which includes a cathode plate and an anode plate with a flow field. Because the fuel cell contains gas media, fuel gas, air and cooling media, such as glycol, during operation, the cathode plate and the anode plate need to be sealed in order to prevent the media from leaking outwards and from leaking out of the media. The bipolar plate is an important component of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and plays a role in supporting the fuel cell and providing a reaction gas channel and a coolant channel. As for the use conditions of the bipolar plate itself, the bipolar plate itself needs to have not only higher conductivity, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, etc., but also good sealing properties to prevent leakage of cooling water and reaction gas. For the sealing of the fuel cell bipolar plate, two sealing forms of soft sealing and hard sealing are generally included, and for the bipolar plate stamped and processed by metal foil, the cooling water cavity can be sealed in a hard sealing mode, such as laser welding; however, for bipolar plates made of other materials, such as expanded graphite, which are stamped or machined, the cooling water cavity is generally sealed in a soft sealing manner, such as by using a sealant or an adhesive.
The prior art has the following defects or problems:
1. the distribution of the internal flow channels of the bipolar plate is uneven, the design of the internal gas flow channels is complex, the processing difficulty is high, the utilization rate of the fuel cell is reduced, and the service life of the bipolar plate of the fuel cell is shortened;
2. two sealing elements are needed for sealing, the thickness is thick, the temperature of the bipolar plate is easy to be increased, heat dissipation is not possible, the power density is influenced, and the bipolar plate is damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell with a bipolar plate sealing structure aiming at the defects of the prior art, which is used for solving the problems of uneven distribution of internal flow channels of the bipolar plate, complex design of internal gas flow channels, high processing difficulty, reduction of the utilization rate of the fuel cell, reduction of the service life of the bipolar plate of the fuel cell, high thickness, high temperature of the bipolar plate, incapability of heat dissipation, influence on power density and damage to the bipolar plate caused by the fact that two sealing elements are needed for sealing, and the bipolar plate is easy to be heated.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a fuel cell with a bipolar plate sealing structure comprises a cathode flow field plate, wherein a membrane electrode is arranged on one side of the cathode flow field plate, an anode flow field plate is horizontally arranged on one side of the membrane electrode, which is far away from the cathode flow field plate, an air inlet is formed in the top end of the anode flow field plate, a fuel gas outlet is formed in one side of the air inlet, a cooling water inlet is formed in one side of the fuel gas outlet, an air flow field is formed in the front end of the anode flow field plate, an anode sealing ring is arranged on the outer side of the air flow field, positioning holes are formed in two sides of the anode flow field plate, a partition plate is arranged on one side of the air flow field, and a cathode sealing ring is arranged at the front end of the cathode flow field plate, one side of the cathode sealing ring is provided with a fuel gas flow field, the front end of the cathode flow field plate is provided with a cooling water flow field, and the surface of the outer wall of the cooling water flow field is provided with a cooling water flow channel wall surface.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the cathode flow field plate and the anode flow field plate are respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, a fuel gas inlet and a cooling water outlet, the cathode flow field plate is fixedly connected with part of the anode flow field plate through the membrane electrode, and the number of the cathode flow field plate, the number of the membrane electrode and the number of the anode flow field plate are the same.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the cross-sectional area of the air outlets is smaller than that of the air inlets, the number of the air outlets and the number of the air inlets are the same, and six groups of the air outlets and the air inlets are formed, and an air flow field is formed between the cathode flow field plate and the anode flow field plate.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the cross-sectional area of the fuel gas outlets is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the fuel gas inlets, the fuel gas outlets and the fuel gas inlets are six groups in the same number, and a fuel gas flow field is formed between the cathode flow field plate and the anode flow field plate.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the cross-sectional area of the cooling water inlet is smaller than that of the cooling water outlet, and a cooling water flow field is formed between the cathode flow field plate and the anode flow field plate.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flow path formed by the fuel gas is opposite to the flow path formed by the air.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the cathode flow field plate and the anode flow field plate are separated into a plurality of independent small flow areas through the partition plates.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cell having a bipolar plate sealing structure further includes: an external circuit;
the fuel cell having a bipolar plate sealing structure further includes: the automatic control module is connected with the external circuit and is used for automatically controlling the closing of the fuel cell, wherein the fuel cell is connected with the external circuit;
the automatic control module comprises:
the detection submodule is used for detecting the input power and the electric energy output power of the fuel cell at intervals of a preset time period;
the first calculation submodule is connected with the detection submodule and used for calculating the energy conversion rate of the fuel cell at intervals of a preset time period according to the input power and the electric energy output power to obtain N energy conversion rates;
the second calculation submodule is connected with the first calculation submodule and used for calculating the energy conversion rate difference of the fuel cells in two adjacent preset time periods to obtain N-1 energy conversion rate differences;
the arrangement submodule is connected with the second calculation submodule and used for sequencing the N-1 energy conversion rate difference values according to detection time to obtain an energy conversion rate difference value sequence;
the first confirming submodule is connected with the arranging submodule and used for confirming whether the N-1 energy conversion rate difference values in the energy conversion rate difference value sequence are arranged from large to small, if so, the last energy conversion rate difference value of the energy conversion rate difference value sequence is obtained, and otherwise, the fuel cell is confirmed to work normally;
the second confirming submodule is connected with the first confirming submodule and used for confirming whether the last energy conversion rate difference is larger than a first preset conversion rate difference or not, if so, subsequent operation is not needed, otherwise, whether the last energy conversion rate difference is smaller than a second preset conversion rate difference or not is confirmed, if so, a control instruction is sent, and if not, an adjusting instruction is sent;
one end of the control submodule is connected with the second confirmation submodule, and the other end of the control submodule is connected with the external circuit and used for closing the electric connection between the external circuit and the fuel cell according to the control instruction;
and the adjusting submodule is connected with the second confirming submodule and used for increasing the input power of the fuel cell according to the adjusting instruction.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cell having a bipolar plate sealing structure further includes: the cooling module is arranged on one side of the cooling water flow field and is used for assisting the cooling water flow field to carry out temperature cooling;
the cooling module includes:
a first detection unit for detecting a first temperature of water stored in the cooling water flow field and a second temperature of air inside the fuel cell;
the second detection unit is used for detecting the first working temperature of the cathode flow field plate and the second working temperature of the anode flow field plate;
and the processing unit is simultaneously connected with the first detection unit and the second detection unit and used for calculating the current cooling efficiency of the cooling water flow field according to the first temperature, the second temperature, the first working temperature and the second working temperature:
where δ is expressed as the current cooling efficiency of the cooling water flow field, T1Expressed as the first operating temperature, T, of the cathode flow field plate2Expressed as the second operating temperature, s, of the anode flow field plate1Expressed as the area of the cooling water flow field, s2Expressed as the sum of the areas of the cathode and anode flow field plates, T3Expressed as the second temperature, e is expressed as a natural constant, with a value of 2.72, T4Expressed as the current first temperature, T, of the water contained in the cooling flow field5Expressed as the initial temperature of the water contained in the cooling water flow field, ρ is the density of the air, ρ1Expressed as the density of the water stored in the cooling water flow field, U is expressed as the current amount of water stored in the cooling water flow field, U1Expressed as the initial amount of water stored in the cooling water flow field, ln expressed as the natural logarithm;
comparing the current cooling efficiency with a preset cooling efficiency, calculating a difference value between the current cooling efficiency and the preset cooling efficiency when the current cooling efficiency is greater than the preset cooling efficiency, confirming that temperature cooling is not required to be performed on the auxiliary cooling water flow field when the difference value between the current cooling efficiency and the preset cooling efficiency is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, confirming that temperature cooling is required to be performed on the auxiliary cooling water flow field when the difference value between the current cooling efficiency and the preset cooling efficiency is greater than zero and smaller than the preset threshold value, and confirming that temperature cooling is required to be performed on the auxiliary cooling water flow field when the current cooling efficiency is smaller than the preset cooling efficiency;
the control unit is connected with the processing unit and used for starting the cooling unit when the auxiliary cooling water flow field (16) is confirmed to be needed for temperature cooling;
and the cooling unit is connected with the control unit and used for assisting the cooling water flow field to carry out temperature cooling.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a fuel cell with a bipolar plate sealing structure, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the fuel cell with the bipolar plate sealing structure, the membrane electrode is arranged between the cathode flow field plate and the anode flow field plate, so that the cathode flow field plate is connected with the anode flow field plate in a partial region, the membrane electrode catalyst is fully utilized, the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved, the pressure on two sides of the bipolar plate is balanced, and the service life of the bipolar plate is prolonged;
2. this fuel cell with bipolar plate seal structure through setting up the change of fuel cell cooling water and air inlet and outlet sectional area, has reduced the power loss of air compressor machine and water pump, has reduced bipolar plate's extra power consumption, has improved bipolar plate cooling system's heat dissipation function.
3. The energy conversion rate difference value sequence is generated by calculating the energy conversion rate difference value within every preset time period, so that a user can know the energy conversion rate and the working efficiency of the device all the time, when the energy conversion rate is too low, the energy consumption and the useless working time of the device can be saved by closing the device, the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged, further, the input power of the fuel cell is increased to ensure that the energy conversion rate of the fuel cell is maintained on a stable horizontal line, the power generation efficiency is further ensured, meanwhile, the automatic control module can automatically control the fuel cell when a user is not beside the fuel cell due to personal reasons, the intelligentization is realized, and the use experience of the user is improved.
4. Whether the cooling module needs to be started or not can be determined by calculating the cooling efficiency of the cooling water flow field, the loss of electric energy can be saved to a certain extent, when the cooling module needs to be started, the anode flow field plate and the cathode flow field plate can stably work by carrying out dual air cooling through the cooling module and the cooling water flow field, and the power generation efficiency is further ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a bipolar plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an anode flow field plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an air flow channel structure of a cathode flow field plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cathode flow field plate cooling water flow channel structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an automatic control module according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a cooling module of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a cathode flow field plate; 2. a membrane electrode; 3. an anode flow field plate; 4. an air inlet; 5. a fuel gas outlet; 6. a cooling water inlet; 7. an air outlet; 8. a fuel gas inlet; 9. a cooling water outlet; 10. an air flow field; 11. an anode sealing ring; 12. positioning holes; 13. a partition plate; 14. a cathode seal ring; 15. a fuel gas flow field; 16. cooling the water flow field; 17. the wall surface of the cooling water flow passage; 18. an external circuit; 19. an automatic control module; 19.1, a detection submodule; 19.2, a first calculation submodule; 19.3, a second calculation submodule; 19.4, arranging submodules; 19.5, a first confirmation submodule; 19.6, a second confirmation submodule; 19.7, a control submodule; 19.8, adjusting the submodule; 20. a cooling module; 20.1, a first detection unit; 20.2, a second detection unit; 20.3, a processing unit; 20.4, a control unit; 20.5, a cooling unit.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, in this embodiment: a fuel cell with a bipolar plate sealing structure comprises a cathode flow field plate 1, wherein a membrane electrode 2 is arranged on one side of the cathode flow field plate 1, an anode flow field plate 3 is horizontally arranged on one side of the membrane electrode 2 away from the cathode flow field plate 1, an air inlet 4 is arranged at the top end of the anode flow field plate 3, a fuel gas outlet 5 is arranged on one side of the air inlet 4, a cooling water inlet 6 is arranged on one side of the fuel gas outlet 5, an air outlet 7 is arranged at the bottom end of the anode flow field plate 3, a fuel gas inlet 8 is arranged on one side of the air outlet 7, a cooling water outlet 9 is arranged on one side of the fuel gas inlet 8, an air flow field 10 is arranged at the front end of the anode flow field plate 3, an anode sealing ring 11 is arranged on the outer side of the air flow field 10, positioning holes 12 are arranged on two sides of the anode flow, a fuel gas flow field 15 is arranged on one side of the cathode sealing ring 14, a cooling water flow field 16 is arranged at the front end of the cathode flow field 1, and a cooling water flow channel wall surface 17 is arranged on the outer wall surface of the cooling water flow field 16; the sealing ring 63 x 1.9mm in this embodiment is a known technique that has been disclosed to be widely used in daily life.
In the embodiment, the cathode flow field plate 1 and the anode flow field plate 3 are respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, a fuel gas inlet and a cooling water outlet, the cathode flow field plate 1 is fixedly connected with part of the anode flow field plate 3 through the membrane electrode 2, the cathode flow field plate 1, the membrane electrode 2 and the anode flow field plate 3 are the same in number, and the membrane electrode 2 is arranged between the cathode flow field plate 1 and the anode flow field plate 33 through the membrane electrode 2, so that the catalyst of the membrane electrode 2 is fully utilized, the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved, the pressure on two sides of the bipolar plate is balanced, and the service life of the bipolar plate is prolonged; the cross-sectional area of the air outlet 7 is smaller than that of the air inlet 4, the air outlets 7 and the air inlets 4 are six groups in the same number, an air flow field 10 is formed between the cathode flow field plate 1 and the anode flow field plate 3, the cross-sectional area of the air inlet 4 is larger than that of the air outlet 7, the back pressure of an air flow channel is increased, and therefore power output is reduced, and the operation efficiency of the bipolar plate is improved; the cross-sectional area of the fuel gas outlet 5 is smaller than that of the fuel gas inlet 8, the fuel gas outlet 5 and the fuel gas inlet 8 are respectively in six groups in the same number, and a fuel gas flow field 15 is formed between the cathode flow field plate 1 and the anode flow field plate 3, so that the performance of the fuel cell is improved, and the service life of the membrane electrode 2 is prolonged; the sectional area of the cooling water inlet 6 is smaller than that of the cooling water outlet 9, and a cooling water flow field 16 is formed between the cathode flow field plate 1 and the anode flow field plate 3, so that the heat dissipation function of the bipolar plate is improved; the flow channel formed by the fuel gas has the opposite direction with the flow channel formed by the air, so that the output performance of the fuel cell bipolar plate is improved; the cathode flow field plate 1 and the anode flow field plate 3 are separated into a plurality of independent flow small areas through the partition plates 13, so that the cooling capacity of the bipolar plate is improved, and the heat dissipation function is enhanced.
The working principle and the using process of the invention are as follows: a user arranges a membrane electrode 2 between a cathode flow field plate 1 and an anode flow field plate 3, the membrane electrode 2 catalyst is fully utilized, the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved, the two-side pressure of the bipolar plate is balanced, the service life of the bipolar plate is prolonged, then the cathode flow field plate 1 is connected with the anode flow field plate 3 in a partial region, and is separated into a plurality of independent flow small regions by a partition plate 13, so that two independent flow fields respectively flow gas and air without mutual interference, a cooling water flow field 16 is an integral region, which is beneficial to product processing, the sectional areas of a fuel gas inlet 8 and an air inlet 4 are larger than the sectional areas of a fuel outlet 5 and an air outlet 7, and the sectional area of a cooling water inlet 6 is small than the sectional area of a cooling water outlet 9, thereby the performance of the bipolar plate of the fuel cell is increased, and the service life of the bipolar plate is prolonged, the separated independent flow field can improve the cooling capacity of the bipolar plate and strengthen the heat dissipation function, the sealing rings are arranged on the cathode flow field plate 1 and the anode flow field plate 3, so that dust cannot enter the bipolar plate, and finally a user can position the cathode flow field plate 1, the anode flow field plate 3 and the membrane electrode 2 by using the positioning holes.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the fuel cell having the bipolar plate sealing structure further includes: an external circuit 18;
the fuel cell having a bipolar plate sealing structure further includes: an automatic control module 19 connected to the external circuit 18 for automatically controlling the shutdown of a fuel cell connected to the external circuit 18;
the automatic control module 19 includes:
the detection submodule 19.1 is used for detecting the input power and the electric energy output power of the fuel cell at intervals of a preset time period;
the first calculating submodule 19.2 is connected with the detecting submodule 19.1 and is used for calculating the energy conversion rate of the fuel cell in every preset time period according to the input power and the electric energy output power to obtain N energy conversion rates;
the second calculating submodule 19.3 is connected with the first calculating submodule 19.2 and is used for calculating the energy conversion rate difference of the fuel cells in two adjacent preset time periods to obtain N-1 energy conversion rate differences;
the arrangement submodule 19.4 is connected with the second calculation submodule 19.3 and is used for sequencing the N-1 energy conversion rate difference values according to the detection time to obtain an energy conversion rate difference value sequence;
a first determining submodule 19.5, connected to the arranging submodule 19.4, configured to determine whether N-1 energy conversion rate difference values in the energy conversion rate difference value sequence are arranged in a descending order, if so, obtain a last energy conversion rate difference value of the energy conversion rate difference value sequence, and otherwise, determine that the fuel cell is working normally;
a second determining submodule 19.6, connected to the first determining submodule 19.5, for determining whether the last energy conversion rate difference is greater than a first preset conversion rate difference, if so, no subsequent operation is required, otherwise, determining whether the last energy conversion rate difference is less than a second preset conversion rate difference, if so, sending a control command, otherwise, sending an adjustment command;
a control submodule 19.7, one end of which is connected with the second confirmation submodule 19.6 and the other end of which is connected with the external circuit 18, for closing the electrical connection between the external circuit 18 and the fuel cell according to the control instruction;
and the adjusting submodule 19.8 is connected with the second confirming submodule 19.6 and is used for increasing the input power of the fuel cell according to the adjusting instruction.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows: detecting the input power and the electric energy output power of the fuel cell at intervals of a preset time period, calculating the energy conversion rate of the fuel cell at intervals of the preset time period according to the input power and the electric energy output power, obtaining N energy conversion rates in total, calculating the energy conversion rate difference values of the fuel cell in two adjacent preset time periods, obtaining N-1 energy conversion rate difference values in total, sequencing the N-1 energy conversion rate difference values according to the detection time, obtaining an energy conversion rate difference value sequence, confirming whether the N-1 energy conversion rate difference values in the energy conversion rate difference value sequence are arranged from large to small, if so, obtaining the last energy conversion rate difference value of the energy conversion rate difference value sequence, otherwise, confirming that the fuel cell works normally, and confirming whether the last energy conversion rate difference value is larger than a first preset conversion rate difference value or not, if so, subsequent operation is not needed, otherwise, whether the last energy conversion rate difference is smaller than a second preset conversion rate difference is determined, if so, the electrical connection between the external circuit and the fuel cell is closed, and otherwise, the input power of the fuel cell is increased.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the energy conversion rate difference value sequence is generated by calculating the energy conversion rate difference value within every preset time period, so that a user can know the energy conversion rate and the working efficiency of the device all the time, when the energy conversion rate is too low, the energy consumption and the useless working time of the device can be saved by closing the device, the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged, further, the input power of the fuel cell is increased to ensure that the energy conversion rate of the fuel cell is maintained on a stable horizontal line, the power generation efficiency is further ensured, meanwhile, the automatic control module can automatically control the fuel cell when a user is not beside the fuel cell due to personal reasons, the intelligentization is realized, and the use experience of the user is improved.
9. In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the fuel cell having the bipolar plate sealing structure further includes: a cooling module 20 disposed at one side of the cooling water flow field 16 for assisting the cooling water flow field 16 in temperature cooling;
the cooling module 20 includes:
a first detection unit 20.1 for detecting a first temperature of water stored in the cooling water flow field 16 and a second temperature in the air inside the fuel cell;
the second detection unit 20.2 is used for detecting the first working temperature of the cathode flow field plate 1 and the second working temperature of the anode flow field plate 3;
a processing unit 20.3, connected to the first detection unit 20.1 and the second detection unit 20.2, for calculating the current cooling efficiency of the cooling water flow field 16 according to the first temperature, the second temperature, the first operating temperature and the second operating temperature:
where δ is expressed as the current cooling efficiency, T, of the cooling water flow field 161Indicated as the first operating temperature, T, of the cathode flow field plate 12Expressed as the second operating temperature, s, of the anode flow field plate 31Expressed as the area, s, of the cooling water flow field 162Expressed as the sum of the areas of the cathode flow field plate 1 and the anode flow field plate 3, T3Expressed as the second temperature, e is expressed as a natural constant, with a value of 2.72, T4Indicated as the current first temperature, T, of the water contained in the cooling water flow field 165Expressed as the initial temperature of the water contained in the cooling water flow field 16, ρ is the density of the air, ρ1Expressed as the density of the water stored in the cooling water flow field 16, U is expressed as the current amount of water stored in the cooling water flow field 16, U1Expressed as the initial amount of water stored within the cooling water flow field 16, ln expressed as a natural logarithm;
comparing the current cooling efficiency with a preset cooling efficiency, when the current cooling efficiency is greater than the preset cooling efficiency, calculating a difference value between the current cooling efficiency and the preset cooling efficiency, when the difference value between the current cooling efficiency and the preset cooling efficiency is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, determining that temperature cooling is not required to be performed on the auxiliary cooling water flow field 16, when the difference value between the current cooling efficiency and the preset cooling efficiency is less than the preset threshold value, determining that temperature cooling is required to be performed on the auxiliary cooling water flow field 16, and when the current cooling efficiency is less than the preset cooling efficiency, determining that temperature cooling is required to be performed on the auxiliary cooling water flow field 16;
a control unit 20.4 connected to the processing unit 20.3 for turning on the cooling unit 20.5 when it is determined that the auxiliary cooling water flow field 16 is required for temperature cooling;
the cooling unit 20.5 is connected with the control unit 20.4 and is used for assisting the cooling water flow field 16 to carry out temperature cooling.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows: detecting a first temperature of water stored in a cooling water flow field and a second temperature in air, simultaneously detecting a first working temperature of a cathode flow field plate and a second working temperature of an anode flow field plate, calculating the current cooling efficiency of the cooling water flow field according to the detected parameters, comparing the current cooling efficiency with a preset cooling efficiency, calculating the difference between the current cooling efficiency and the preset cooling efficiency when the current cooling efficiency is greater than the preset cooling efficiency, confirming that the auxiliary cooling water flow field is not needed for temperature cooling when the difference between the current cooling efficiency and the preset cooling efficiency is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, confirming that the auxiliary cooling water flow field is needed for temperature cooling when the difference between the current cooling efficiency and the preset cooling efficiency is less than the preset threshold, confirming that the auxiliary cooling water flow field is needed for temperature cooling when the current cooling efficiency is less than the preset cooling efficiency, and starting the cooling unit to assist the cooling water flow field to carry out temperature cooling.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: whether the cooling module needs to be started or not can be determined by calculating the cooling efficiency of the cooling water flow field, the loss of electric energy can be saved to a certain extent, when the cooling module needs to be started, the anode flow field plate and the cathode flow field plate can stably work by carrying out dual air cooling through the cooling module and the cooling water flow field, and the power generation efficiency is further ensured.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A fuel cell having a bipolar plate seal structure, characterized by: the device comprises a cathode flow field plate (1), wherein a membrane electrode (2) is arranged on one side of the cathode flow field plate (1), an anode flow field plate (3) is horizontally arranged on one side of the membrane electrode (2) far away from the cathode flow field plate (1), an air inlet (4) is arranged at the top end of the anode flow field plate (3), a fuel gas outlet (5) is arranged on one side of the air inlet (4), a cooling water inlet (6) is arranged on one side of the fuel gas outlet (5), an air outlet (7) is arranged at the bottom end of the anode flow field plate (3), a fuel gas inlet (8) is arranged on one side of the air outlet (7), a cooling water outlet (9) is arranged on one side of the fuel gas inlet (8), an air flow field (10) is arranged at the front end of the anode flow field plate (3), and an anode sealing ring (11) is arranged on the outer side of the air flow field plate (10), positioning holes (12) are formed in two sides of the anode flow field plate (3), a partition plate (13) is arranged on one side of the air flow field (10), a cathode sealing ring (14) is arranged at the front end of the cathode flow field plate (1), a fuel gas flow field (15) is arranged on one side of the cathode sealing ring (14), a cooling water flow field (16) is arranged at the front end of the cathode flow field plate (1), and a cooling water flow channel wall surface (17) is arranged on the outer wall surface of the cooling water flow field (16);
the fuel cell having a bipolar plate sealing structure further includes: an external circuit (18);
the fuel cell having a bipolar plate sealing structure further includes: -an automatic control module (19) connected to the external circuit (18) for automatically controlling the shut-down of a fuel cell connected to the external circuit (18);
the automatic control module (19) comprising:
a detection submodule (19.1) for detecting the input power and the electrical energy output power of the fuel cell at preset time intervals;
the first calculation submodule (19.2) is connected with the detection submodule (19.1) and is used for calculating the energy conversion rate of the fuel cell in every preset time period according to the input power and the electric energy output power to obtain N energy conversion rates;
the second calculating submodule (19.3) is connected with the first calculating submodule (19.2) and is used for calculating the energy conversion rate difference of the fuel cells in two adjacent preset time periods to obtain N-1 energy conversion rate differences;
the arrangement submodule (19.4) is connected with the second calculation submodule (19.3) and is used for sequencing the N-1 energy conversion rate difference values according to the detection time to obtain an energy conversion rate difference value sequence;
the first confirming submodule (19.5) is connected with the arranging submodule (19.4) and is used for confirming whether the N-1 energy conversion rate difference values in the energy conversion rate difference value sequence are arranged from large to small, if so, the last energy conversion rate difference value of the energy conversion rate difference value sequence is obtained, and otherwise, the fuel cell is confirmed to work normally;
a second confirmation submodule (19.6), connected to the first confirmation submodule (19.5), for confirming whether the last energy conversion difference is greater than a first preset conversion difference, if so, no subsequent operation is required, otherwise, whether the last energy conversion difference is less than a second preset conversion difference is confirmed, if so, a control instruction is issued, otherwise, an adjustment instruction is issued;
a control submodule (19.7), one end of which is connected with the second confirmation submodule (19.6), and the other end of which is connected with the external circuit (18), and is used for closing the electrical connection between the external circuit (18) and the fuel cell according to the control instruction;
and the adjusting submodule (19.8) is connected with the second confirming submodule (19.6) and is used for increasing the input power of the fuel cell according to the adjusting instruction.
2. A fuel cell having a bipolar plate sealing structure according to claim 1, wherein: the cathode flow field plate (1) and the anode flow field plate (3) are respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, a fuel gas inlet and a cooling water outlet, the cathode flow field plate (1) is fixedly connected with a partial area of the anode flow field plate (3) through a membrane electrode (2), and the number of the cathode flow field plate (1), the membrane electrode (2) and the number of the anode flow field plate (3) are the same.
3. A fuel cell having a bipolar plate sealing structure according to claim 1, wherein: the cross-sectional area of the air outlets (7) is smaller than that of the air inlets (4), the number of the air outlets (7) and the number of the air inlets (4) are six, and an air flow field (10) is formed between the cathode flow field plate (1) and the anode flow field plate (3).
4. A fuel cell having a bipolar plate sealing structure according to claim 1, wherein: the cross-sectional area of the fuel gas outlets (5) is smaller than that of the fuel gas inlets (8), the fuel gas outlets (5) and the fuel gas inlets (8) are six groups in the same number, and a fuel gas flow field (15) is formed between the cathode flow field plate (1) and the anode flow field plate (3).
5. A fuel cell having a bipolar plate sealing structure according to claim 1, wherein: the cross-sectional area of the cooling water inlet (6) is smaller than that of the cooling water outlet (9), and a cooling water flow field (16) is formed between the cathode flow field plate (1) and the anode flow field plate (3).
6. A fuel cell having a bipolar plate sealing structure according to claim 1, wherein: the flow channel formed by the fuel gas is opposite to the flow channel formed by the air.
7. A fuel cell having a bipolar plate sealing structure according to claim 1, wherein: the cathode flow field plate (1) and the anode flow field plate (3) are separated into a plurality of independent flow small areas through a separator (13).
8. The fuel cell having a bipolar plate seal structure according to claim 5, further comprising: a cooling module (20) which is arranged on one side of the cooling water flow field (16) and is used for assisting the cooling water flow field (16) in temperature cooling;
the cooling module (20) comprising:
a first detection unit (20.1) for detecting a first temperature of water stored in the cooling water flow field (16) and a second temperature in air inside the fuel cell;
the second detection unit (20.2) is used for detecting the first working temperature of the cathode flow field plate (1) and the second working temperature of the anode flow field plate (3);
a processing unit (20.3) connected to the first detection unit (20.1) and the second detection unit (20.2) for calculating the current cooling efficiency of the cooling water flow field (16) according to the first temperature, the second temperature, the first working temperature and the second working temperature:
wherein δ is expressed as the current cooling efficiency, T, of the cooling water flow field (16)1Expressed as the first operating temperature, T, of the cathode flow field plate (1)2Expressed as the second operating temperature, s, of the anode flow field plate (3)1Expressed as the area, s, of the cooling water flow field (16)2Expressed as the sum of the areas of the cathode flow field plate (1) and the anode flow field plate (3), T3Expressed as the second temperature, e is expressed as a natural constant, with a value of 2.72, T4Is represented as a current first temperature, T, of water contained in the cooling water flow field (16)5Expressed as the initial temperature of the water contained in the cooling water flow field (16), rho is the density of the air, rho1Expressed as the density of the water stored in the cooling water flow field (16), U is expressed as the current water stored in the cooling water flow field (16), U1Expressed as the initial amount of water stored in the cooling water flow field (16), ln expressed as a natural logarithm;
comparing the current cooling efficiency with a preset cooling efficiency, calculating a difference value between the current cooling efficiency and the preset cooling efficiency when the current cooling efficiency is greater than the preset cooling efficiency, confirming that temperature cooling is not required to be performed on the auxiliary cooling water flow field (16) when the difference value between the current cooling efficiency and the preset cooling efficiency is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, confirming that temperature cooling is required to be performed on the auxiliary cooling water flow field (16) when the difference value between the current cooling efficiency and the preset cooling efficiency is greater than zero and smaller than the preset threshold value, and confirming that temperature cooling is required to be performed on the auxiliary cooling water flow field (16) when the current cooling efficiency is smaller than the preset cooling efficiency;
a control unit (20.4) connected to the processing unit (20.3) for turning on the cooling unit (20.5) when it is determined that the auxiliary cooling water flow field (16) is required for temperature cooling;
the cooling unit (20.5) is connected with the control unit (20.4) and is used for assisting the cooling water flow field (16) in temperature cooling.
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