CN112014886B - Excitation source array hybrid acquisition method and system for earthquake physical simulation - Google Patents
Excitation source array hybrid acquisition method and system for earthquake physical simulation Download PDFInfo
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/37—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy specially adapted for seismic systems using continuous agitation of the ground, e.g. using pulse compression of frequency swept signals for enhancement of received signals
- G01V1/375—Correlating received seismic signals with the emitted source signal
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- G01V1/247—Digital recording of seismic data, e.g. in acquisition units or nodes
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- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
- G01V2210/12—Signal generation
- G01V2210/121—Active source
- G01V2210/1214—Continuous
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/20—Trace signal pre-filtering to select, remove or transform specific events or signal components, i.e. trace-in/trace-out
- G01V2210/26—Modulation or demodulation, e.g. for continuous sources
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of seismic physical simulation research, in particular to a method and a system for mixed acquisition of an excitation source array for seismic physical simulation. The invention provides a mixed acquisition method and a mixed acquisition system for an excitation source array for seismic physical simulation, which can increase acquisition efficiency by times by designing an excitation end as the excitation source array and exciting according to a time delay mode of a random sequence, and can acquire data with equivalent quality to a single shot by a subsequent multi-source mixed wave field separation technology or process multi-source data in a mode of multi-source direct offset imaging; moreover, the invention can provide verification in the field of physical simulation for the multi-source mixed wave field acquisition theory and the data processing method. In summary, the invention has very high theoretical value and economic benefit in method verification and practical application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seismic physical simulation research, in particular to a method and a system for mixed acquisition of an excitation source array for seismic physical simulation.
Background
The physical simulation of the earthquake has the advantages of repeatable observation, low cost, controllable forward parameter and the like, and plays an important role in verifying and perfecting the forward and inversion theory of the seismic exploration and guiding the field operation of the earthquake. The method is used as a basic research work, and promotes the development of seismic exploration theoretical research and method technology through mutual complementation and verification of a mathematical simulation method. However, due to the constraints of consistency of excitation-receiving instruments, signal transmission signal-to-noise ratio, high-speed acquisition card technology, cost and the like in a physical simulation laboratory, the inefficiency of seismic physical simulation acquisition has been one of the problems puzzling the research of seismic physical simulation, wherein the acquisition end has developed a method for improving the acquisition efficiency by adding a signal receiving source, but the excitation end has not been studied in a related way.
In recent years, aiming at the problem of low-efficiency acquisition of seismic exploration, foreign scholars propose a multi-source hybrid acquisition method. In order to avoid interference of excitation signals between adjacent seismic sources, conventional seismic exploration is usually avoided by adopting a method for increasing excitation time or space interval between the seismic sources, but the former can increase cost of exploration time and the like, and the latter can introduce aliasing. The multi-hybrid seismic source acquisition technology aims at weakening the limit of mutual interference among seismic sources and has the advantages of increasing the spatial sampling rate and azimuth information of the seismic sources and improving the acquisition operation efficiency. Therefore, the new acquisition concept is focused by researchers from the beginning, the mathematical theory of the new acquisition concept is gradually perfected in the research process of recent years, and a plurality of field experiments and actual acquisition are performed, but no precedent for introducing the new method into the seismic physical simulation research exists, so that the multi-source mixed acquisition wave field theory and the data processing method also lack the demonstration of the physical simulation research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of low acquisition efficiency of earthquake physical simulation in the prior art, and provides an excitation source array hybrid acquisition method and an excitation source array hybrid acquisition system for earthquake physical simulation.
The technical proposal adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is that
An excitation source array hybrid acquisition method for seismic physical simulation, comprising:
step 1, generating a random number sequence Rtn which is equal to the number of excitation sources in an excitation source array and has the same value of the time difference of every two elements in a two-element time difference and propagation time sequence Mtn;
step 2, a sequence allocation step, namely correspondingly allocating the value in the Rtn sequence to each excitation source in the excitation source array;
step 3, unifying the excitation time of the excitation source array and the start recording time of the acquisition module on the same time reference and starting recording at the acquisition module;
and 4, after the collection is completed for a preset time length, moving to the next collection position to continuously and sequentially carry out signal collection.
Preferably, in the method for hybrid acquisition of an excitation source array for seismic physical simulation, in step 1, the generation of the random number sequence Rtn includes:
calculating a propagation time sequence Mtn from all excitation sources to receiving sources in the excitation source array through the geometric distance from the excitation sources to the receiving sources and the speed of a model medium; generating a random number sequence Rtn which is equal to the number of the excitation sources in the excitation source array;
judging whether the time difference between every two elements of the propagation time sequence Mtn and the time difference between every two elements of the random number sequence Rtn have the same value, if so, judging that the judgment result is false, otherwise, judging that the judgment result is true, and storing the Rtn sequence of which the judgment result is true; and if the judgment result is false, regenerating a random number sequence Rtn.
Preferably, in the above method for hybrid acquisition of an excitation source array for seismic physical simulation, in step 3, each excitation source in the excitation source array is excited sequentially with a value received by an Rtn sequence as a forward time.
Preferably, in the above method for hybrid acquisition of an excitation source array for seismic physical simulation, in step 4, the preset time length acquired by the acquisition module refers to the sum of the maximum value in the Rtn sequence and the time of the wave field propagating in the model to be tested.
An excitation source array hybrid acquisition system for seismic physics modeling, comprising:
the excitation source array mixed time coding sequence generation module is used for generating a random number sequence Rtn which is equal to the number of excitation sources in the excitation source array and has the same value of the time difference between every two elements and the time difference between every two elements in the propagation time sequence Mtn;
the excitation source array control module is used for receiving the values in the Rtn sequence and distributing the values to corresponding excitation sources;
the synchronous time module unifies the excitation time of the excitation source array and the start recording time of the acquisition module on the same time reference and synchronously triggers the acquisition module to start recording;
and the receiving module is used for collecting signals of excitation sources in the excitation source array.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned excitation source array hybrid acquisition system for seismic physical simulation, the generation of the random number sequence Rtn by the excitation source array hybrid time-coded sequence generation module includes:
calculating a propagation time sequence Mtn from all excitation sources to receiving sources in the excitation source array through the geometric distance from the excitation sources to the receiving sources and the speed of a model medium; generating a random number sequence Rtn which is equal to the number of the excitation sources in the excitation source array;
judging whether the time difference of every two elements of the propagation time sequence Mtn and the time difference of every two elements in the random number sequence Rtn have the same value, if so, judging that the judgment result is false, otherwise, judging that the judgment result is true, and storing the Rtn sequence with the judgment result of true; and if the judgment result is false, regenerating a random number sequence Rtn.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned hybrid acquisition system for an excitation source array for seismic physical simulation, the excitation source array control module controls each excitation source in the excitation source array to sequentially excite with a value received by an Rtn sequence as a forward time.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention provides a mixed acquisition method and a mixed acquisition system for an excitation source array for seismic physical simulation, which are characterized in that an excitation end is designed into the excitation source array and excited in a time delay mode of a random sequence, compared with the excitation mode of a traditional single excitation source, the acquisition efficiency can be increased by times, and the data equivalent to the quality of a traditional acquisition single shot can be achieved through a subsequent multi-source mixed wave field separation technology or multi-source data can be processed in a mode of multi-source direct offset imaging; moreover, the invention can provide verification in the field of physical simulation for the multi-source mixed wave field acquisition theory and the data processing method. In summary, the invention has very high theoretical value and economic benefit in method verification and practical application.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a physical simulation operation employing the present invention in one embodiment of a method and system for hybrid acquisition of an excitation source array for seismic physical simulation employing the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid acquisition system for seismic physics modeling using an embodiment of a hybrid acquisition method and system for seismic physics modeling using an excitation source array of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for generating a hybrid time-coded sequence of an excitation source array in an embodiment of a method and system for hybrid acquisition of an excitation source array for seismic physics modeling according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the relative relationship among the synchronization time, the excitation time of the excitation source array, and the receiving time of the receiving source in an embodiment of the method and system for hybrid acquisition of an excitation source array for seismic physical simulation according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method and system for hybrid acquisition of an excitation source array for seismic physics modeling according to the present invention; wherein a is data acquired by adopting a certain mixed time coding sequence, and b is a comparison chart of data acquired by a traditional method.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the multi-source array herein is specifically described with 4 excitation sources as an example.
Different from the traditional earthquake physical simulation working mode, the physical simulation working schematic diagram adopting the invention is shown in fig. 1, and the essential difference from the traditional mode is that an excitation source array mixed time coding sequence generating module, an excitation source array control module and an excitation source array are arranged.
Specifically, a schematic diagram of a multi-source array hybrid acquisition system for seismic physical simulation in this embodiment is shown in fig. 1. It comprises the following modules:
the mixed time coding sequence generation module of the excitation source array is used for generating a random number sequence Rtn which is equal to the number of the excitation sources in the excitation source array and has the time difference of every two elements which is not the same as the time difference of every two elements in the propagation time sequence Mtn;
the excitation source array control module is used for receiving the values in the Rtn sequence and distributing the values to corresponding excitation sources;
the synchronous time module unifies the excitation time of the excitation source array and the start recording time of the acquisition module on the same time reference and synchronously triggers the acquisition module to start recording;
and the receiving module is used for collecting signals of excitation sources in the excitation source array.
Wherein, the generating a random number sequence Rtn by the excitation source array mixed time code sequence generating module comprises:
calculating a propagation time sequence Mtn from all excitation sources to receiving sources in the excitation source array through the geometric distance from the excitation sources to the receiving sources and the speed of a model medium; generating a random number sequence Rtn which is equal to the number of the excitation sources in the excitation source array;
judging whether the time difference between every two elements of the propagation time sequence Mtn and the time difference between every two elements in the random number sequence Rtn have the same value, if so, judging that the judgment result is false, otherwise, judging that the judgment result is true, and storing the Rtn sequence with the judgment result of true; and if the judgment result is false, regenerating a random number sequence Rtn.
The excitation source array control module controls each excitation source in the excitation source array to sequentially excite the excitation sources with the value received by the Rtn sequence as the forward time.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for hybrid acquisition of an excitation source array for seismic physical simulation provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:
step 1, generating an excitation source array mixed time coding sequence; the calculation method of the excitation source array mixed time coding sequence comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, calculating the geometric distances from all excitation sources to receiving sources in an excitation source array;
step 1.2, measuring and calculating the speed of the measured model medium through a single excitation source and a single receiving source;
step 1.3, calculating a propagation time sequence Mtn from all excitation sources to a receiving source in an excitation source array through the geometric distance from the excitation source to the receiving source and the speed of a model medium;
step 1.4, generating a random number sequence Rtn which is equal to the number of the excitation sources in the excitation source array; the generation of the random number sequence Rtn may be performed by conventional methods known in the art, for example by using a library of functions in a computer language.
Step 1.5, judging whether the time difference of every two elements in the propagation time sequence Mtn and the time difference of every two elements in the random number sequence Rtn have the same value, if so, judging that the result is false, otherwise, judging that the result is true, and storing the Rtn sequence with the judging result of true; if the judgment result is false, the steps 1.4 and 1.5 are re-executed to regenerate the random number sequence Rtn.
Step 2, transmitting the random number sequence Rtn to an excitation source array control module; specifically, values in the Rtn sequence are assigned to each excitation source in the array of excitation sources.
Step 3, triggering a synchronous time module; the synchronous time module simultaneously triggers the excitation source array control module and the acquisition module connected with the receiving source; the trigger time is recorded as a relative 0 time, which acts to unify the firing time of the fire source array and the start recording time of the acquisition module over the same time reference. The trigger excitation source array control module is used for triggering each excitation source in the array; after triggering the acquisition module connected with the receiving source, the acquisition module directly starts recording the vibration signal received by the receiving source while being triggered (namely, relative to the moment 0).
And 4, after the acquisition module acquires the preset time length, moving to the next acquisition position to continuously and sequentially perform signal acquisition. In this embodiment, the acquisition position has no special requirement, and the acquisition is performed according to a conventionally arranged observation system (coordinate system). Wherein, 1 receiving source corresponds 1 collection module, and 1 collection module also can correspond a plurality of receiving sources. According to the number judgment of the acquisition cards in the acquisition module, the acquisition module can correspond to 1 receiving source (if 1 acquisition card is arranged in the acquisition module) or can correspond to a plurality of receiving sources (if a plurality of acquisition cards are arranged in the acquisition module). A single receiving source is employed in the example of fig. 1.
In this embodiment, a preset time length acquired by the acquisition module may be set, which refers to a sum of a maximum value in the Rtn sequence and a time of the wave field propagating in the model to be measured.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for generating a hybrid time-coded sequence of an excitation source array using the method described in this embodiment.
As shown, includes: step 1, generating a mixed time coding sequence of an excitation source array, specifically,
step 1.1, calculating geometric distances s1, s2, s3, s4 from 4 excitation sources to receiving sources in an excitation source array;
step 1.2, measuring and calculating the velocity v of the measured model medium through a single excitation source and a single receiving source;
step 1.3, calculating propagation time sequences Mtn (Mtn 1, mtn2, mtn3, mtn 4) from all excitation sources to receiving sources in the excitation source array;
step 1.4, generating a random number sequence Rtn (Rtn 1, rtn2, rtn3, rtn 4) which is equal to the number of the excitation sources in the excitation source array;
and 1.5, judging whether the time difference of every two elements in the sequence Mtn and the time difference of every two elements in the sequence Rtn have the same value, if so, judging that the judging result is false, otherwise, judging that the judging result is true, if so, storing the sequence Rtn, and if so, re-executing the steps 1.4 and 1.5.
Step 2, if the above step is performed "save Rtn sequence", the sequence Rtn is passed to the excitation source array control module, specifically the values Rtn1, rtn2, rtn3, rtn4 in the Rtn sequence are assigned to the 4 excitation sources in the excitation source array correspondingly.
Step 3, after the step of assigning the value in the Rtn sequence to each excitation source in the excitation source array, triggering a synchronization time module, specifically, recording the moment as a relative 0 moment.
Then, the synchronization time module triggers two parts simultaneously: (1) the trigger excitation source array control module is used for triggering 4 excitation sources in the array; (2) triggering an acquisition module connected with a receiving source. A schematic diagram of the relative relationship among the synchronous time, the excitation time of the excitation source array and the receiving time of the receiving source is shown in FIG. 4, wherein 4 excitation sources in the excitation source array are sequentially excited by using Rtn1, rtn2, rtn3 and Rtn4 as forward time. While the acquisition module directly starts recording while being triggered (i.e. with respect to time 0).
And 4, after the acquisition module acquires the preset time length, moving to the next acquisition position to continuously and sequentially perform signal acquisition, wherein the preset time length acquired by the acquisition module refers to the sum of the maximum value in the Rtn sequence and the propagation time of the wave field in the model to be detected.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram comparing data (fig. a) collected by a certain hybrid time code sequence with data (fig. b) collected by a conventional method in the case of excitation source array 4. The 4 arrows in figure a indicate the signals of the 4 excitation sources, and the arrow in figure b indicates the signals of the single excitation source in the case of conventional acquisition.
While traditional seismic physics modeling employs a single excitation source for excitation, the present embodiment employs multiple excitation sources for excitation. The multiple excitation sources of the present embodiment are not mechanically simultaneous excitation, but hybrid excitation by the means described above for the present embodiment. Compared with the traditional excitation mode of a single excitation source, the acquisition efficiency can be increased by times, and the data equivalent to the quality of a traditional acquisition single shot can be achieved through a subsequent multi-focus mixed wave field separation technology, or the multi-focus data can be processed in a multi-focus direct offset imaging mode; moreover, the invention can provide verification in the field of physical simulation for the multi-source mixed wave field acquisition theory and the data processing method.
Finally, it should be understood that the foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be specifically understood that any modification, improvement or equivalent, etc. that comes within the spirit and principles of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of the present invention. For example, in the present embodiment, the excitation source array selects 4 excitation sources and 1 receiving source, and the increase or decrease of the number of the excitation sources and the number of the receiving sources are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. An excitation source array hybrid acquisition method for seismic physical simulation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, generating a random number sequence Rtn which is equal to the number of excitation sources in an excitation source array and has the same value of the time difference of every two elements in a two-element time difference and propagation time sequence Mtn;
step 2, a sequence allocation step, namely correspondingly allocating the value in the Rtn sequence to each excitation source in the excitation source array;
step 3, unifying the excitation time of the excitation source array and the start recording time of the acquisition module on the same time reference and starting recording at the acquisition module;
step 4, after the collection for a preset time length, moving to the next collection position to continuously and sequentially carry out signal collection;
each excitation source in the excitation source array is excited sequentially by taking a value received by the Rtn sequence as a forward time; the acquisition module directly starts recording while being triggered;
in the step 1, the generation of the random number sequence Rtn includes:
calculating a propagation time sequence Mtn from all excitation sources to receiving sources in the excitation source array through the geometric distance from the excitation sources to the receiving sources and the speed of a model medium; generating a random number sequence Rtn which is equal to the number of the excitation sources in the excitation source array;
judging whether the time difference between every two elements of the propagation time sequence Mtn and the time difference between every two elements of the random number sequence Rtn have the same value, if so, judging that the judgment result is false, otherwise, judging that the judgment result is true, and storing the Rtn sequence of which the judgment result is true; and if the judgment result is false, regenerating a random number sequence Rtn.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, the preset time length acquired by the acquisition module refers to the sum of the maximum value in the Rtn sequence and the time of the wave field propagating in the model to be measured.
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