CN112014390B - Experimental observation method for explosive loading fragmentation transient process - Google Patents
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides an experimental observation method for an explosive explosion loading fragment transient process, which comprises the steps that an initiating explosive column initiates a main explosive, the main explosive detonates to drive loading fragments, a trigger signal is given to a simultaneous framing scanning camera, and when the trigger signal reaches a trigger value set by the simultaneous framing scanning camera, a shutter of the simultaneous framing scanning camera is opened to shoot framing images and scanning images; finally, the framing part of the framing scanning camera obtains framing image data in the test process, and the scanning part obtains scanning image data in the test process. The experimental observation method can acquire the image information of the explosive loading fragments, detonation waves and detonation products, and can acquire specific curve values such as the movement speed of the fragments, the detonation wave speed, the expansion speed of the detonation products and the like through scanning the images, so that the comprehensive description of the transient process of the fragment damage elements is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of explosion and damage, relates to an explosive explosion loading damage transient process, and in particular relates to an experimental observation method for an explosive explosion loading fragment damage transient process.
Background
The explosive is a main energy release substance in a conventional warhead, is a damage energy source for generating damage and killing actions by the explosion of the warhead, and is a basis for realizing efficient damage. The ability of explosive driven fragmentation to accelerate has been an important concern for warhead design development. At present, cylindrical experiments of the invention of Kury and the like are generally adopted at home and abroad to calibrate the Gunney energy of the explosive and the initial speed of breaking the explosive-killing warhead. In a cylinder experiment conducted by Shen Fei et al (RDX-based aluminum-containing explosives of different sizes and numerical simulations, energetic materials, 2013,21 (6): 777-780.), a high-speed scanning camera has been used to record the radial expansion process of a cylinder under the action of detonation. However, the scanning camera can only capture information of the outer surface of the cylinder at the slit position, and spatial information outside the scanning slit is lost entirely. The whole two-dimensional space information of sampling points in the transient process is provided by combining the framing images, so that parallax-free framing and scanning simultaneous imaging records are formed, and the complete and accurate transient damage process information can be obtained. Due to the technical limitations of the camera system, the problems of illumination and the like, the observation and recording of the transient process of loading fragments by the explosive explosion by the framing/scanning camera system are not realized at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an experimental observation method for the explosive loading and fragment transient process, which solves the technical problem that the experimental method in the prior art is difficult to describe the explosive loading and fragment transient process comprehensively and accurately.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an experimental observation method for explosive loading fragmentation transient process, which comprises the following steps of:
step one, arranging a simultaneous framing scanning camera system and a laser lighting system, and ensuring that a laser light path of the laser lighting system passes through an explosion protection window to enter the center of a view field of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system by adjusting a reflection plane mirror;
step two, arranging an explosive loading fragment device, ensuring that the main explosive and the fragment are positioned in a view field of a simultaneous framing scanning camera system, and simultaneously ensuring the end face of the main explosive and the fragment level;
step three, installing a trigger probe in the primary explosive column, connecting the trigger probe to a simultaneous framing scanning camera system and an oscilloscope through a trigger wire, and measuring and recording the distance H from the trigger probe to the upper end face of the main charge 1 And main charge height H 2 ；
Step four, placing a marker in the view field of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system, determining a scale by comparing the actual size of the marker with the size in the view field of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system, and calculating to obtain the distance H from the end face of the fragment to the top of the view field 3 ；
Step five, calculating a time difference delta T between the moment when detonation waves enter the field of view and the trigger moment of the trigger probe, and setting delay of a framing scanning camera system by taking delta T as a reference time difference, wherein a calculation formula is as follows:
wherein V is a The detonation wave speed is estimated for the primary explosive column, V b Predicting detonation wave velocity for the main explosive;
step six, inserting a detonator into the initiating explosive column, connecting the tail end of the detonator to a delay initiator through an initiating wire, and simultaneously connecting the delay initiator to a trigger circuit of a laser lighting system;
step seven, a pulse signal is generated by a delay detonator to open a laser light source and detonate a detonator, detonation waves are generated after the main explosive detonates to load an aluminum sheet, a probe is triggered to simultaneously and separately scan a trigger signal of a camera system, and when the trigger signal reaches a set trigger value of a camera, a shutter of the camera system is opened to simultaneously and separately scan the camera system, so as to obtain a framing image and a scanning image;
step eight, processing the framing image data:
dividing the information between the two images obtained by framing by a time interval to obtain the information of the movement speed of the broken sheet, the detonation wave speed and the expansion speed of the detonation product;
step nine, scanning image data processing:
step 901, extracting continuous data points in a scanned image, and adding a plurality of data points at equal distance interpretation positions at inflection points;
step 902, calculating an amplification ratio of an image formed on the scanned image, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
α＝L X /L a
β＝L Y /L b
wherein, alpha and beta are respectively the amplification ratios in the X, Y direction, L X And L Y Length of scale in X and Y directions, L a And L b Respectively isScanning the size of the scale image on the image;
step 903, converting the spatial two-dimensional information on the scanned image into information in time-space coordinates:
combining the magnification alpha in the X direction with the slit spacing on the scanned image to obtain the movement time of the broken piece; the corresponding Y coordinates of the fragment motion can be obtained through the magnification beta in the Y direction and the coordinates of each point on the scanning track, and the time coordinates corresponding to each point can be obtained by dividing the measured coordinates in the X direction in the image by the scanning speed;
step 904, on the basis of digitally interpreting the image, combining the scanning speed of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system and the image magnification ratio parameters to obtain specific curve values of the fragment motion speed, the detonation wave speed and the detonation product cloud expansion speed.
The invention also has the following technical characteristics:
the explosive loading and breaking system comprises a laser lighting system and an explosive loading and breaking device, wherein a reflecting plane mirror is arranged on one side of the explosive loading and breaking device in an explosion place, the laser lighting system is arranged outside a first explosion protection window of the explosion place, and a simultaneous framing scanning camera system is arranged outside a second explosion protection window of the explosion place;
the explosive loading and breaking device comprises a breaking piece, a main explosive and an initiating explosive column which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top.
The explosion site is an explosion tower, and a first explosion protection window and a second explosion protection window are arranged on the tower wall of the explosion tower.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
according to the experimental observation method disclosed by the invention, the image information of the fragment movement, detonation wave and detonation product expansion process under explosive loading can be obtained, and meanwhile, specific curve values of the fragment movement speed, detonation wave speed and detonation product expansion speed can be obtained through scanning images, so that the comprehensive description of the transient process of the fragment damage element is realized.
(II) the framing images can give out two-dimensional space information on sampling points in the whole process, but the time-space information between adjacent frames can be lost; the scanning image can clearly and continuously record the space movement process, but the space information outside the scanning slit is lost, and the complete and accurate transient damage process information can be obtained only by combining the scanning image and the space information to form parallax-free framing and scanning simultaneous imaging record. And by combining the damage data processing and information extraction technology, extracting and resolving useful test information and jointly processing information in a frame image and a scanned image, thereby realizing comprehensive and accurate description of the damage process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of an explosive loading fragmentation system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic layout of the explosive loading fragmentation device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a frame image in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a scanned image in an embodiment of the invention.
The meaning of each reference numeral in the figures is: the system comprises a 1-laser illumination system, a 2-simultaneous framing scanning camera system, a 3-reflecting plane mirror, a 4-explosive loading fragment device, a 5-explosion tower, a 6-first explosion protection window, a 7-second explosion protection window and an 8-camera view field;
401-detonator, 402-trigger probe, 403-initiating explosive column, 404-main explosive, 405-fragment.
The following examples illustrate the invention in further detail.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to an experimental observation method for explosive loading and fragment transient processes, which can be applied to the fields of weapon design, protection and the like, provides scientific researchers and engineering designers with an experimental design for observing explosive loading and fragment transient processes, and can be used for experimental design, theoretical analysis and related engineering application in fragment damage element formation processes.
The invention aims to provide an experimental observation method for the explosive loading and fragment transient process, which adopts laser as a background light source, realizes the observation record of the explosive loading and fragment transient process through a simultaneous framing/scanning camera system, and can be used for experimental design, theoretical analysis and related engineering application in the fragment damage element forming process.
In the present invention, the X direction and the Y direction refer to the horizontal direction and the vertical direction in the frame image, respectively.
It should be noted that, the simultaneous framing scanning camera system in the present invention adopts a simultaneous framing scanning ultra-high speed photo-photographic system known in the prior art, for example, the chinese patent with the publication number CN103197499B has the following patent name: a simultaneous framing scanning ultra-high speed photo-photography system. For another example, paper (Changhua et al, intense laser and particle Beam, 2015, 27 (11): 115002-1-6), explosive cylinder internal magnetic flux compression ultra high speed simultaneous framing/scanning photography.
All the components in the present invention are known in the art unless otherwise specified.
In the invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the explosive loading fragmentation system comprises a laser lighting system 1 and an explosive loading fragmentation device 4, wherein a reflection plane mirror 3 is arranged at one side of the explosive loading fragmentation device 4 in an explosion place, the laser lighting system 1 is arranged outside a first explosion protection window 6 of the explosion place, and a simultaneous framing scanning camera system 2 is arranged outside a second explosion protection window 7 of the explosion place;
the explosive charge loading breaker device 4 comprises a breaker 405, a main explosive 404 and an initiating explosive column 403 arranged in sequence from bottom to top.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the explosion site is an explosion tower 5, and a first explosion protection window 6 and a second explosion protection window 7 are arranged on the tower wall of the explosion tower 5.
The following specific embodiments of the present invention are provided, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent changes made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present application fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides an experimental observation method for an explosive loading fragment damage process, wherein an explosive loading fragment system is arranged in an explosion place, and the method comprises the following steps:
step one, arranging a simultaneous framing scanning camera system and a laser lighting system, and ensuring that a laser light path of the laser lighting system passes through an explosion protection window to enter the center of a view field of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system by adjusting a reflection plane mirror;
in this embodiment, a schematic top view of an explosive loading fragmentation system is shown in fig. 1, and an explosion site is an explosion tower. The window of the explosion tower adopts K9 glass, and the reflectivity of the used reflection plane mirror is more than or equal to 90 percent. The plane mirror is placed on the bullet frame to ensure the same height with the window of the explosion tower, and the laser light path enters the center of the view field of the framing scanning camera at the same time by translating and rotating the plane mirror.
Step two, arranging an explosive loading fragment device, ensuring that the main explosive and the fragment are positioned in a view field of a simultaneous framing scanning camera system, and simultaneously ensuring the end face of the main explosive and the fragment level;
in the embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the jet emission device is arranged, the main explosive adopts a phi 40×50mm explosive column A, the initiating explosive column is a 4-section phi 20×20mm explosive column B, the initiating mode adopts the center initiation of the end face, and the initiating explosive column is initiated by an 8# electric detonator. The loaded broken piece is an aluminum sheet with phi 40 multiplied by 1mm, and the mass is 3 g. And determining the position and the posture of the device by using a leveling ruler and a laser level meter, ensuring the level of the end face of the main explosive column and the aluminum sheet, and ensuring that the explosive column A and the aluminum sheet are positioned in the view field of the camera.
Step three, installing a trigger probe in the primary explosive column, connecting the trigger probe to a simultaneous framing scanning camera system and an oscilloscope through a trigger wire, and measuring and recording the distance H from the trigger probe to the upper end face of the main charge 1 And main charge height H 2 ；
In the embodiment, the triggering probe adopts a thin copper wire and is clamped between the 1 st section and the 2 nd section of initiating explosive columns. By measurement of H 1 ＝60mm、H 2 ＝50mm。
Step four, placing a marker in the view field of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system byComparing the actual size of the marker with the size in the field of view of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system, determining a scale, and calculating to obtain the distance H from the end face of the fragment to the top of the field of view 3 ；
Step five, calculating a time difference delta T between the moment when detonation waves enter the field of view and the trigger moment of the trigger probe, and setting delay of a framing scanning camera system by taking delta T as a reference time difference, wherein a calculation formula is as follows:
wherein V is a The detonation wave speed is estimated for the primary explosive column, V b Predicting detonation wave velocity for the main explosive;
in the present embodiment, H is calculated by 3 The detonation wave velocity V of the primary explosive column is estimated by =22.78mm a =7.8 km/s, the main explosive estimated detonation wave velocity V b =8.2 km/s, bringing into the above equation to calculate Δt=11 μs.
According to the diameter of the field of view and the jet velocity, a framing scanning camera adopts 20 mu s gear, the scanning time is 11 mu s to 28.6 mu s, and the framing interval is about 2 mu s.
Step six, inserting a detonator into the initiating explosive column, connecting the tail end of the detonator to a delay initiator through an initiating wire, and simultaneously connecting the delay initiator to a trigger circuit of a laser lighting system;
step seven, a pulse signal is generated by a delay detonator to open a laser light source and detonate a detonator, detonation waves are generated after the main explosive detonates to load an aluminum sheet, a probe is triggered to simultaneously and separately scan a trigger signal of a camera system, and when the trigger signal reaches a set trigger value of a camera, a shutter of the camera system is opened to simultaneously and separately scan the camera system, so as to obtain a framing image and a scanning image;
step eight, processing the framing image data:
dividing the information between the two images obtained by framing by a time interval to obtain the information of the movement speed of the broken sheet, the detonation wave speed and the expansion speed of the detonation product;
in the embodiment, 4 separate images with intervals of 2-2.5 mu s are shown in fig. 3, the situation of the shape change of the burst movement position and the detonation product can be observed through the images, and the burst movement speed, the detonation wave speed and the burst cloud expansion speed can be obtained through calculation.
Step nine, scanning image data processing:
step 901, extracting continuous data points in a scanned image, and adding a plurality of data points at equal distance interpretation positions at inflection points;
step 902, calculating an amplification ratio of an image formed on the scanned image, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
α＝L X /L a
β＝L Y /L b
wherein, alpha and beta are respectively the amplification ratios in the X, Y direction, L X And L Y Length of scale in X and Y directions, L a And L b The size of the scale image on the scanned image is respectively;
step 903, converting the spatial two-dimensional information on the scanned image into information in time-space coordinates:
combining the magnification alpha in the X direction with the slit spacing on the scanned image to obtain the movement time of the broken piece; the corresponding Y coordinates of the fragment motion can be obtained through the magnification beta in the Y direction and the coordinates of each point on the scanning track, and the time coordinates corresponding to each point can be obtained by dividing the measured coordinates in the X direction in the image by the scanning speed;
step 904, on the basis of digitally interpreting the image, combining the scanning speed of the simultaneous framing scanning camera and the image magnification ratio parameter to obtain specific curve values of the fragment motion speed, the detonation wave speed and the detonation product cloud expansion speed. .
In this embodiment, the frame images are shown in fig. 3, and the scan images are shown in fig. 4. As can be calculated from fig. 3 and 4, the ratio of the divided images is: alpha f =40/342=0.117 (mm/pixel); obtained by calculation in step 902, the distance scaling factor of the scanned image is 0.77 times of the frame, i.e. alpha s ＝0.77α f =0.090 (mm/pixel), the time coefficient of the scanned image is: alpha st ＝17.61830= 0.00962 (μs/pixel).
On this basis, the point of the scanned image corresponding to the frame image can be calculated. And calculating the object movement speed by judging the time interval between the divided images, and comparing the object movement speed calculated according to the scanned image information. In this embodiment, the example is the fragment movement speed, and the pair of speeds calculated from the divided image and the scanned image is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 contrast of burst motion frame images and scan image information
Claims (3)
1. An experimental observation method for explosive loading fragmentation transient process is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps of:
step one, arranging a simultaneous framing scanning camera system and a laser lighting system, and ensuring that a laser light path of the laser lighting system passes through an explosion protection window to enter the center of a view field of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system by adjusting a reflection plane mirror;
step two, arranging an explosive loading fragment device, ensuring that the main explosive and the fragment are positioned in a view field of a simultaneous framing scanning camera system, and simultaneously ensuring the end face of the main explosive and the fragment level;
step three, installing a trigger probe in the primary explosive column, connecting the trigger probe to a simultaneous framing scanning camera system and an oscilloscope through a trigger wire, and measuring and recording the distance H from the trigger probe to the upper end face of the main charge 1 And main charge height H 2 ；
Step four, placing a marker in the view field of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system, determining a scale by comparing the actual size of the marker with the size in the view field of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system, and calculating to obtain the distance H from the end face of the fragment to the top of the view field 3 ；
Step five, calculating a time difference delta T between the moment when detonation waves enter the field of view and the trigger moment of the trigger probe, and setting delay of a framing scanning camera system by taking delta T as a reference time difference, wherein a calculation formula is as follows:
wherein V is a The detonation wave speed is estimated for the primary explosive column, V b Predicting detonation wave velocity for the main explosive;
step six, inserting a detonator into the initiating explosive column, connecting the tail end of the detonator to a delay initiator through an initiating wire, and simultaneously connecting the delay initiator to a trigger circuit of a laser lighting system;
step seven, a pulse signal is generated by a delay detonator to open a laser light source and detonate a detonator, detonation waves are generated after the main explosive detonates to load an aluminum sheet, a probe is triggered to simultaneously and separately scan a trigger signal of a camera system, and when the trigger signal reaches a set trigger value of a camera, a shutter of the camera system is opened to simultaneously and separately scan the camera system, so as to obtain a framing image and a scanning image;
step eight, processing the framing image data:
dividing the information between the two images obtained by framing by a time interval to obtain the information of the movement speed of the broken sheet, the detonation wave speed and the expansion speed of the detonation product;
step nine, scanning image data processing:
step 901, extracting continuous data points in a scanned image, and adding a plurality of data points at equal distance interpretation positions at inflection points;
step 902, calculating an amplification ratio of an image formed on the scanned image, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
α＝L X /L a
β＝L Y /L b
wherein, alpha and beta are respectively the amplification ratios in the X, Y direction, L X And L Y Length of scale in X and Y directions, L a And L b The size of the scale image on the scanned image is respectively;
step 903, converting the spatial two-dimensional information on the scanned image into information in time-space coordinates:
combining the magnification alpha in the X direction with the slit spacing on the scanned image to obtain the movement time of the broken piece; the corresponding Y coordinates of the fragment motion can be obtained through the magnification beta in the Y direction and the coordinates of each point on the scanning track, and the time coordinates corresponding to each point can be obtained by dividing the measured coordinates in the X direction in the image by the scanning speed;
step 904, on the basis of digitally interpreting the image, combining the scanning speed of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system and the image magnification ratio parameters to obtain specific curve values of the fragment motion speed, the detonation wave speed and the detonation product cloud expansion speed.
2. The experimental observation method for the transient process of loading and breaking the explosive explosion of claim 1, wherein the loading and breaking system of the explosive explosion comprises a laser lighting system and a loading and breaking device of the explosive explosion, wherein a reflecting plane mirror is arranged at one side of the loading and breaking device of the explosive explosion in an explosion place, the laser lighting system is arranged outside a first explosion protection window of the explosion place, and a simultaneous framing scanning camera system is arranged outside a second explosion protection window of the explosion place;
the explosive loading and breaking device comprises a breaking piece, a main explosive and an initiating explosive column which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top.
3. The experimental observation method for the transient process of loading and breaking the explosive according to claim 2, wherein the explosion field is an explosion tower, and a first explosion protection window and a second explosion protection window are formed on the wall of the explosion tower.
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| CN112014390A (en) | 2020-12-01 |
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