CN112011700B - Method for adding zirconium alloy ingot casting alloy elements - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a zirconium alloy ingot casting alloy element adding method, which comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a zirconium raw material and a raw material of an alloy element; secondly, selecting raw materials of alloy elements, weighing the raw materials, and wrapping the raw materials into bags by using zirconium foils to obtain a plurality of intermediate alloy bags; thirdly, placing a plurality of intermediate alloy bags between two layers of sponge zirconium and pressing to obtain an electrode block; welding the plurality of electrode blocks to obtain a consumable electrode; and fifthly, carrying out vacuum consumable arc melting on the consumable electrode to obtain the zirconium alloy ingot. According to the invention, the raw material of zirconium foil wrapping alloy elements is adopted to prepare the intermediate alloy bag, the zirconium foil at the front end of the electrode in the smelting process has high melting point and is not easy to melt prematurely and flows into a molten pool, so that the distribution uniformity of each element in the zirconium alloy ingot is ensured, meanwhile, the alloy raw material does not need to be alloyed in advance, the alloy bag pressing and alloy buckle smelting processes are omitted, the process flow is shortened, tungsten electrode pollution caused by alloy buckle smelting is avoided, the labor intensity is reduced, and the method is suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of zirconium alloy ingot preparation, and particularly relates to a zirconium alloy ingot alloy element adding method.
Background
Zirconium alloy is a key structural material of a nuclear reactor core, and various zirconium alloys such as ZIRLO alloy, Zr-4 alloy, Zr-2 alloy and the like have been developed at home and abroad aiming at different nuclear reactor working conditions. The various zirconium alloys have more types of alloy elements and larger content difference, the contained alloy elements comprise Sn, Fe, Cr, Nb, Ni and the like, and the alloy components in the ingot casting are mainly regulated and controlled by adding the intermediate alloy elements. The most widely used method for adding master alloy at present is in the form of a near-alloyed master alloy button. The preparation process of the intermediate alloy button is longer and needs two procedures, namely intermediate alloy batching and intermediate alloy button smelting, and the specific process is as follows: firstly, wrapping various weighed alloy elements with tin foil, then pressing and forming, and then using an intermediate alloy preparation furnace to prepare the alloy button by twice smelting. In order to ensure the uniformity of the components of a single alloy button, the weight of the single alloy button is small, the single weight is about 40g, so that the number of alloy buttons required to be prepared by a conventional 3 t-grade zirconium alloy ingot is large, more than 1000 alloy buttons are required, each alloy button contains various intermediate alloy elements required by the ingot, the manual weighing needs about 5000 times, and the weighing workload and the data recording amount are large. Meanwhile, the intermediate alloy button smelting process is realized by adopting a tungsten electrode argon arc welding gun, so that the labor intensity is high and the risk of adhering a tungsten electrode on the surface of the alloy button exists. Therefore, the whole alloy buckle preparation process has the defects of large weighing workload, large data recording amount, high labor intensity, long production period, low efficiency, large quality risk and the like, increases the production cost, and is not beneficial to industrial large-scale production. Meanwhile, when the pure metal is directly wrapped by tin for distribution, the preheating temperature reached by the front end of the electrode far exceeds the melting point of tin, so that the tin flows into a molten pool too early, and the segregation of the tin is easily caused. Uniformity of the tin throughout the ingot cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for adding alloying elements of zirconium alloy ingot aiming at the defects of the prior art. The method adopts the raw material of zirconium foil wrapping alloy elements to prepare the intermediate alloy bag, and because the melting point of the zirconium foil is higher, the zirconium foil at the front end of the electrode is not easy to melt prematurely and flows into a molten pool in the melting process, so that the distribution uniformity of each element in the zirconium alloy ingot is ensured, meanwhile, the alloy raw material does not need to be alloyed in advance, the procedures of pressing the alloy bag and melting the alloy button are omitted, the process flow is shortened, tungsten electrode pollution caused by melting the alloy button is avoided, and the quality risk is avoided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a zirconium alloy ingot casting alloying element adding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, preparing materials: preparing a zirconium raw material and a raw material of an alloy element according to the components and the content of each component in the target product zirconium alloy ingot; the zirconium alloy raw materials comprise zirconium foil and sponge zirconium;
step two, preparing the intermediate alloy ladle: selecting the raw materials of the alloying elements prepared in the step one, weighing, and then wrapping the raw materials into bags by using zirconium foil to prepare intermediate alloy bags;
step three, material distribution: paving bottom-layer sponge zirconium on the bottom of the electrode block mold, then placing a plurality of intermediate alloy bags prepared in the second step and raw materials of alloy elements which are not packaged by zirconium foil on the bottom-layer sponge zirconium, paving top-layer sponge zirconium, and pressing to obtain an electrode block; the mass of the bottom layer of zirconium sponge is equal to that of the top layer of zirconium sponge;
step four, preparing an electrode: welding the electrode blocks obtained in the third step to obtain a consumable electrode;
step five, ingot casting smelting: and (4) placing the consumable electrode obtained in the fourth step into a vacuum consumable electric arc furnace to carry out vacuum consumable electric arc melting for more than two times to obtain a zirconium alloy ingot.
According to the invention, the raw materials of alloying elements except zirconium in the target product zirconium alloy ingot are directly wrapped by zirconium foil to prepare the intermediate alloy bag, the raw materials do not need to be alloyed, then the intermediate alloy bag is uniformly placed between two layers of sponge zirconium to be pressed to obtain the electrode block, and the consumable electrode obtained after welding a plurality of electrode blocks is subjected to vacuum consumable arc melting to obtain the zirconium alloy ingot. Because the melting point of the zirconium foil is higher, the zirconium foil is adopted to prepare the intermediate alloy bag, the zirconium foil on the outer layer cannot be melted too early, and the zirconium foil at the front end of the electrode is difficult to melt too early and flows into a molten pool in the melting process, so that the raw materials in the intermediate alloy bag are fully melted and uniformly mixed, and the intermediate alloy bag in the electrode block is uniformly clamped between two layers of sponge zirconium with equal quantity, thereby improving the distribution uniformity of each element in the zirconium alloy ingot and avoiding element segregation; in addition, the intermediate alloy ladle does not need to be alloyed in advance, so that the processes of pressing the alloy ladle and smelting the alloy button are omitted, the process flow is shortened, tungsten electrode pollution caused by smelting the alloy button is avoided, and the quality risk is avoided; meanwhile, the raw materials in the intermediate alloy ladle can be fully smelted and uniformly mixed, so that the quality specification of the intermediate alloy ladle is increased, the number of the intermediate alloy ladles is greatly reduced, the weighing work times are correspondingly reduced, the labor intensity is reduced, the zirconium alloy ingot casting preparation period is shortened, the preparation cost is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the method is suitable for industrial large-scale production.
The method for adding the zirconium alloy ingot casting alloy elements is characterized in that in the step one, the raw materials of the alloy elements are one or more of simple metal tin, iron, chromium, nickel, niobium, germanium, copper and yttrium, and compound zirconium dioxide, ferrous sulfide, chromium carbide, silicon dioxide and niobium-zirconium alloy. The intermediate alloy ladle is prepared by directly adopting the raw materials of the alloy elements, alloying treatment is not needed, the method is convenient and quick, the application range of the method is expanded, and the practicability of the method is improved.
The method for adding the alloying elements to the zirconium alloy ingot is characterized in that the raw materials of the alloying elements in the step one are foil-shaped, sheet-shaped, granular, blocky, scrap-shaped or powdery. The raw materials of the alloy elements have various shapes and wide sources, and meanwhile, the shapes and the sizes of the raw materials of different alloy elements are controlled and matched, so that the quality specification of the intermediate alloy ladle is favorably improved, the uniformity of the components of the intermediate alloy ladle is improved, and the impurities and the component segregation are avoided; meanwhile, the accuracy and precision of the intermediate alloy ladle weighing are improved by the aid of various alloy element raw materials, and the stability of components of a single intermediate alloy ladle is guaranteed.
The method for adding the alloying elements of the zirconium alloy ingot is characterized in that the raw materials of the alloying elements in the step one contain tin, and then the raw materials of the alloying elements except tin are weighed in the step two, wrapped by tin foil and then wrapped by zirconium foil to form a bag. Because the tin foil has good extending and wrapping performance, the raw materials of the alloy elements are wrapped by the tin foil, and then the zirconium foil is wrapped into a bag, so that the forming of the intermediate alloy bag is facilitated, the uniform distribution of the alloy elements in the intermediate alloy bag is ensured, the early melting of tin at the front end of an electrode in the smelting process is avoided, the tin flows into a molten pool, and the uniformity of tin and other elements in the zirconium alloy ingot is ensured; meanwhile, alloy elements can be uniformly distributed in the intermediate alloy ladle, the intermediate alloy ladle does not need to be smelted, and the electrode block is prepared by directly distributing materials, so that the production efficiency is further improved, and the production cost is reduced.
The method for adding the alloying elements to the zirconium alloy ingot is characterized in that the mass of the intermediate alloy ladle in the second step is more than 50 g. Compared with the alloy buckle adopted in the prior art, the quality and specification of the optimized intermediate alloy ladle are greatly improved, so that the number of the intermediate alloy ladles is reduced, the weighing labor intensity is reduced, the preparation period of the zirconium alloy cast ingot is shortened, the preparation cost is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
The method for adding the alloy elements of the zirconium alloy ingot is characterized in that in the third step, the plurality of intermediate alloy bags prepared in the second step are placed on the bottom layer of the sponge zirconium at equal intervals, and the total area occupied by the plurality of intermediate alloy bags on the bottom layer of the sponge zirconium in the electrode block is 0.2-0.7 of the cross-sectional area of the electrode block. This preferred intermediate alloy package mode of placement and area ratio can guarantee that electrode block density is even, the straightness is high, and the electrode block that obtains after the suppression is closely knit, under the prerequisite that satisfies follow-up transportation, does not take place the electrode block in the smelting process and falls the piece phenomenon, can reduce the quantity of alloy package again to furthest, improve production efficiency, reach the distribution homogeneity of alloying element in the electrode block to the homogeneity of each alloying element composition in the zirconium alloy ingot casting has further been guaranteed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the zirconium foil is adopted to wrap the raw materials of alloy elements to prepare the intermediate alloy bags, then a plurality of intermediate alloy bags are directly prepared into the electrode block, and the electrode block is welded and smelted, because the melting point of the zirconium foil is higher, the zirconium foil at the front end of the electrode is not easy to melt prematurely and flows into a molten pool in the smelting process, the distribution uniformity of each element in the zirconium alloy ingot is ensured, meanwhile, the alloy raw materials do not need to be alloyed in advance, the alloy bag pressing and alloy buckle smelting processes are omitted, the process flow is shortened, tungsten electrode pollution caused by alloy buckle smelting is avoided, and the quality risk is avoided.
2. According to the invention, the zirconium foil on the outer layer of the intermediate alloy ladle can not be melted too early, and the raw materials in the intermediate alloy ladle can be fully melted and uniformly mixed, so that the quality specification of the intermediate alloy ladle is increased, the number of the intermediate alloy ladles is greatly reduced, the weighing workload is correspondingly reduced, the labor intensity is reduced, the preparation period of zirconium alloy cast ingots is shortened, the preparation cost is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the method is suitable for industrial large-scale production.
3. For the tin-zirconium alloy, the raw materials of the alloy elements are wrapped by the tin foil firstly and then wrapped by the zirconium foil into a bag, and the tin foil has good extending and wrapping performance, so that the forming of the intermediate alloy ladle is facilitated, the uniform distribution of the alloy elements in the intermediate alloy ladle is ensured, the early melting of tin at the front end of an electrode in the smelting process is avoided, the tin flows into a molten pool, and the uniformity of tin and other elements in the zirconium alloy ingot is ensured.
4. The method for adding the alloying elements of the zirconium alloy ingot is also suitable for common zirconium alloys such as PCA, M5, HANA6, C7, Zirlo, Opt-Zirlo, X5A, E635, HANA3 or NDA.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing showing the sampling of the upper end face and the lower end face of a zirconium alloy ingot of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing showing the sampling of the side wall of the zirconium alloy ingot of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing materials: preparing 15kg of tin particles, 1.3kg of scrap iron, 1.3kg of chromium particles, 0.6kg of nickel foil, 3.5kg of zirconium foil and 1056kg of nuclear grade sponge zirconium according to the components and contents of all components in a Zr-2(Zr-1.5Sn-0.2Fe-0.1Cr-0.05Ni) zirconium alloy ingot as a target product;
step two, preparing the intermediate alloy ladle: selecting and weighing the tin particles, the scrap iron, the chromium particles and the nickel foil prepared in the step one, pouring the tin particles, the scrap iron, the chromium particles and the nickel foil into a zirconium foil to be wrapped into a bag, ensuring that the materials in the zirconium foil are not exposed, and preparing to obtain a master alloy bag; the mass of each single intermediate alloy ladle is 221g, and the total number of the intermediate alloy ladles is 98;
step three, material distribution: paving bottom nuclear grade sponge zirconium at the bottom of the electrode block mould, then placing 7 intermediate alloy bags prepared in the step two on the bottom nuclear grade sponge zirconium at equal intervals, paving top nuclear grade sponge zirconium, and pressing to obtain the electrode block mould with the density of 5.2g/cm3The number of the electrode blocks prepared in the step is 14 in total; the mass of the bottom nuclear grade zirconium sponge and the mass of the top nuclear grade zirconium sponge are both 37.7 kg; the total area occupied by 7 intermediate alloys in the electrode block wrapped on the bottom layer of nuclear grade zirconium sponge is 2/3 of the cross section area of the electrode block;
step four, preparing an electrode: placing the 14 electrode blocks obtained in the third step into a plasma welding box for assembly welding to obtain consumable electrodes;
step five, ingot casting smelting: and (4) placing the consumable electrode obtained in the fourth step into a vacuum consumable electric arc furnace to carry out vacuum consumable electric arc melting twice to obtain the Zr-2 zirconium alloy ingot.
Example 2
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing materials: according to the components and contents of all components in a Zr-4(Zr-1.5Sn-0.2Fe-0.1Cr) zirconium alloy ingot as a target product, 41.6kg of tin particles, 5.6kg of scrap iron, 3.9kg of chromium particles, 6.9kg of zirconium dioxide powder, 7.0kg of zirconium foil and 3015kg of nuclear grade sponge zirconium are prepared;
step two, preparing the intermediate alloy ladle: selecting and weighing the tin particles, the scrap iron, the chromium particles and the zirconium dioxide powder prepared in the step one, pouring the tin particles, the scrap iron, the chromium particles and the zirconium dioxide powder into a zirconium foil to be wrapped into a bag, ensuring that the internal materials are not exposed, and preparing to obtain a master alloy bag; the mass of a single intermediate alloy ladle is 324g, and the total number of the intermediate alloy ladles is 200;
step three, material distribution: paving bottom nuclear grade sponge zirconium at the bottom of the electrode block mould, then placing 5 intermediate alloy bags prepared in the step two on the bottom nuclear grade sponge zirconium at equal intervals, paving top nuclear grade sponge zirconium, and pressing to obtain the product with the density of 5.1g/cm3The number of the electrode blocks prepared in the step is 40 in total; the mass of the bottom nuclear grade zirconium sponge and the mass of the top nuclear grade zirconium sponge are both 37.7 kg; the total area occupied by the 5 intermediate alloys in the electrode block wrapped on the bottom layer of nuclear grade zirconium sponge is 1/2 of the cross section area of the electrode block;
step four, preparing an electrode: placing the 40 electrode blocks obtained in the third step into a plasma welding box for assembly welding to obtain consumable electrodes;
step five, ingot casting smelting: and (4) placing the consumable electrode obtained in the fourth step into a vacuum consumable electric arc furnace to carry out vacuum consumable electric arc melting twice to obtain the Zr-4 zirconium alloy ingot.
Example 3
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing materials: preparing 9kg of tin foil, 3kg of scrap iron, 2.1kg of zirconium dioxide powder, 27kg of zirconium-niobium alloy scrap, 1.9kg of zirconium foil and 1035kg of nuclear grade sponge zirconium according to the components and contents of all components in the Zr-1.0Sn-1.0Nb-0.3Fe zirconium alloy ingot;
step two, preparing the intermediate alloy ladle: selecting and weighing the scrap iron and the tinfoil prepared in the step one, pouring the scrap iron into the tinfoil for wrapping, and wrapping the scrap iron into a bag by using the tinfoil, and ensuring that the internal materials are not exposed to prepare the intermediate alloy bag; the mass of each single intermediate alloy ladle is 248g, and the total number of the intermediate alloy ladles is 56;
step three, material distribution: in moulds for electrode blocksPaving bottom nuclear grade sponge zirconium at the bottom, then placing 4 intermediate alloy bags prepared in the step two at equal intervals on the bottom nuclear grade sponge zirconium, uniformly placing 1.9kg of niobium-zirconium alloy chips and 150g of zirconium dioxide powder on the intermediate alloy bags, then paving top nuclear grade sponge zirconium, and pressing to obtain the product with the density of 5.2g/cm3The number of the electrode blocks prepared in the step is 14 in total; the mass of the bottom nuclear-grade zirconium sponge and the mass of the top nuclear-grade zirconium sponge are both 37.0 kg; the total area occupied by the 4 intermediate alloys in the electrode block wrapped on the bottom layer of nuclear grade zirconium sponge is 1/3 of the cross section area of the electrode block;
step four, preparing an electrode: placing the 14 electrode blocks obtained in the third step into a plasma welding box for assembly welding to obtain consumable electrodes;
step five, ingot casting smelting: and (4) placing the consumable electrode obtained in the fourth step into a vacuum consumable electric arc furnace to carry out three times of vacuum consumable electric arc melting to obtain a zirconium alloy ingot.
In embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention, the raw material of the alloying element may be one or more of elemental tin, iron, chromium, nickel, niobium, germanium, copper, and yttrium, and zirconium dioxide, ferrous sulfide, chromium carbide, silicon dioxide, and zirconium-niobium alloy, which are compounds, depending on the composition of each component in the zirconium alloy ingot as the target product (except for the raw material of the alloying element in embodiments 1 to 3).
The nuclear grade zirconium sponge in the embodiments 1 to 3 of the invention can be replaced by industrial grade zirconium sponge.
The zirconium alloy ingots prepared in examples 1 to 3 were sampled according to the method of GB/T8786-2010 zirconium and zirconium alloy ingot, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, and the sampling positions and the sampling numbers were: respectively taking 1 sample at the circle center positions (TC/BC) of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the zirconium alloy ingot casting head, selecting three radiuses which form an included angle of 120 degrees in pairs on the upper end surface and the lower end surface, respectively taking 3 samples at 1/2 (TM/BM) of each radius, and respectively taking 3 samples at the edge (TE/BE) of each diameter and cross section; respectively taking 1 sample at the upper, middle and lower parts of the side wall of the zirconium alloy ingot; then, the mass contents of the alloying elements in the samples are detected and analyzed, and the difference value is calculated, and the results are shown in the following table 1.
Table 1 results of extreme differences in alloying elements in zirconium alloy ingots prepared in examples 1 to 3
As can be seen from table 1, the range of the alloy elements in the zirconium alloy ingots prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention is small, that is, the components of the alloy elements in the zirconium alloy ingots prepared in examples 1 to 3 are close to those of the target product, and the distribution is uniform, which indicates that the method of the present invention can be used to prepare zirconium alloy ingots with uniform alloy elements, significantly shorten the preparation process of zirconium alloy ingots, reduce the quality risk, improve the production efficiency, and reduce the production cost.
The above description is only an embodiment of the preferred ingredient range of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A zirconium alloy ingot casting alloying element adding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, preparing materials: preparing a zirconium raw material and a raw material of an alloy element according to the components and the content of each component in the target product zirconium alloy ingot; the zirconium raw material comprises zirconium foil and sponge zirconium;
step two, preparing the intermediate alloy ladle: selecting the raw materials of the alloying elements prepared in the step one, weighing, and then wrapping the raw materials into bags by using zirconium foil to prepare intermediate alloy bags; the mass of the intermediate alloy ladle is more than 50 g;
step three, material distribution: paving bottom-layer sponge zirconium on the bottom of the electrode block mold, then placing a plurality of intermediate alloy bags prepared in the second step and raw materials of alloy elements which are not packaged by zirconium foil on the bottom-layer sponge zirconium, paving top-layer sponge zirconium, and pressing to obtain an electrode block; the mass of the bottom layer of zirconium sponge is equal to that of the top layer of zirconium sponge; in the placing process, a plurality of intermediate alloy bags prepared in the second step are placed on the bottom layer of the zirconium sponge at equal intervals, and the total area occupied by the plurality of intermediate alloy bags on the bottom layer of the zirconium sponge in the electrode block is 0.2-0.7 of the cross section area of the electrode block;
step four, preparing an electrode: welding the electrode blocks obtained in the third step to obtain a consumable electrode;
step five, ingot casting smelting: and (4) placing the consumable electrode obtained in the fourth step into a vacuum consumable electric arc furnace to carry out vacuum consumable electric arc melting for more than two times to obtain a zirconium alloy ingot.
2. The method for adding alloying elements to a zirconium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the alloying elements in the first step are selected from elemental tin, iron, chromium, nickel, niobium, germanium, copper, yttrium, and one or more of zirconium dioxide, ferrous sulfide, chromium carbide, silicon dioxide, niobium-zirconium alloy.
3. The method for adding the alloying element to the zirconium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the raw material of the alloying element in the first step is in a form of foil, sheet, granule, block, chip or powder.
4. The method for adding the alloying element to the zirconium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the raw material of the alloying element in the first step contains tin, and the raw material of the alloying element other than tin in the second step is weighed, wrapped with tin foil, and then wrapped with zirconium foil to form a bag.
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| CN113234944B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2023-01-06 | 国核宝钛锆业股份公司 | Preparation method of zirconium alloy ingot |
| CN113820191B (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2024-01-19 | 西安西部新锆科技股份有限公司 | High-uniformity zirconium alloy standard substance and preparation method thereof |
| CN114622100A (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-06-14 | 新疆湘润新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of palladium-containing titanium alloy ingot |
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