CN112004206A - Large-area environmental parameter monitoring system and method based on wireless communication - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of environmental monitoring, and provides a large-area environmental parameter monitoring system and method based on wireless communication. The convergence node is arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle; a plurality of the wireless sensor nodes are arranged in a large area at predetermined arrangement points in the monitoring environment. Use discretely arranged wireless sensor nodes with environmental parameter measurement functions and wireless communication functions to perform environmental parameter detection and wireless communication at predetermined intervals; UAVs are equipped with wireless aggregation nodes to fly along the route of the arrangement point, and communicate through wireless along the way. Broadcast the data return instruction; after the wireless sensor node receives the data return instruction, it sends the monitored environmental parameters to the wireless convergence node; the wireless convergence node saves the received environmental parameters in the memory, and after the drone lands, The memory can dump the stored environmental parameters to the ground station.

Description

A large-area environmental parameter monitoring system and method based on wireless communication

technical field

The present application relates to the technical field of environmental monitoring, and in particular, to a large-area environmental parameter monitoring system and method based on wireless communication.

Background technique

Environmental monitoring refers to the activities of monitoring and measuring the quality of the environment. Environmental monitoring is to determine the level of environmental pollution and environmental quality by monitoring and measuring indicators reflecting environmental quality. The content of environmental monitoring mainly includes the monitoring of physical indicators, the monitoring of chemical indicators and the monitoring of ecosystems. Environmental monitoring is the basis for scientific management of the environment and the supervision of environmental law enforcement, and is an essential and basic work for environmental protection. The core objective of environmental monitoring is to provide data on the status quo and changing trends of environmental quality, judge environmental quality, evaluate current major environmental problems, and serve environmental management.

Environmental monitoring is generally a manual measurement method, which has disadvantages such as high cost, low efficiency, poor timeliness and difficulty, and low feasibility in complex or large-area detection. The plan for monitoring environmental parameters in grassland, wasteland and Gobi is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present application provides a large-area environmental parameter monitoring system based on wireless communication to solve the problem in the prior art that when monitoring large-area environmental parameters, the environmental monitoring method cannot be applied to a field environment with complex conditions.

A first aspect of the present application provides a large-area environmental parameter monitoring system based on wireless communication. The large-area environmental parameter monitoring system includes a plurality of wireless sensor nodes, wireless convergence nodes, unmanned aerial vehicles and ground workstations. The wireless convergence Nodes are arranged on the drone;

A plurality of the wireless sensor nodes are arranged at predetermined arrangement points in the large-area monitoring environment, for monitoring the environment and generating environmental parameters;

The wireless convergence node is arranged on the drone, and the drone carries the wireless convergence node and flies along the line corresponding to the predetermined arrangement point, establishes a wireless connection with the wireless sensor node within the wireless communication range, and Completing the collection of environmental parameters of each of the wireless sensor nodes through a wireless connection;

The wireless convergence node is provided with a memory card for storing the collected environmental parameters, the wireless convergence node establishes a connection with the ground workstation, and transfers the environmental parameters to the ground workstation.

Optionally, the wireless sensor node is provided with a high-energy battery;

And/or; the wireless sensor node is provided with a processor, and a data memory, an environmental parameter collection sensor and a wireless communication device connected to the processor.

Optionally, the environmental parameters include: one or more of temperature parameters, humidity parameters, light intensity parameters, vibration parameters, air pressure parameters, and location parameters;

The wireless sensor nodes accordingly include: one or more of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a vibration sensor, a light intensity sensor, an air pressure sensor, and a geographic location sensor.

Optionally, the unmanned aerial vehicle is further provided with a launching device for loading the wireless sensing node, and launching the wireless sensing node according to a predetermined arrangement point; the arrangement point is based on the terrain of the monitoring environment. Landscape is preset.

Optionally, the wireless sensor node is provided with a fully sealed enclosure with a protection level of IP67.

Optionally, the wireless convergence node is further configured to configure the working parameters of the wireless sensor node through wireless communication, and the working parameters include a collection period, collection items and wireless communication parameters; the wireless sensor node is provided with a time timer. device.

Optionally, the communication frequency between the wireless sensor node and the wireless convergence node is 2.420 GHz to 2.4835 GHz.

A second aspect of the present application provides a large-area environmental parameter monitoring method based on wireless communication, the method comprising:

Monitor the environment and generate environmental parameters through a plurality of pre-arranged wireless sensor nodes; a plurality of the wireless sensor nodes are arranged at predetermined arrangement points in a large-area environment;

According to the line corresponding to the predetermined arrangement point of the wireless sensor node, the drone equipped with the wireless convergence node is controlled to fly according to the corresponding line. wirelessly connecting the sensing nodes, and collecting the environmental parameters of the wireless sensing nodes;

According to the environmental parameters to be collected by the sink node, the paired environmental monitoring is completed.

Optionally, during the flight of the drone, the wireless convergence node is wirelessly connected to a wireless sensor node within a wireless communication range, and the steps of collecting environmental parameters of the wireless sensor node are specifically:

During the flight of the drone, the wireless convergence node broadcasts a data return instruction through wireless communication;

After the wireless sensor node within the wireless communication range receives the data return instruction, it sends the monitored environmental parameters to the wireless convergence node;

The wireless convergence node saves the received environmental parameters in the memory;

The wireless convergence node establishes a connection with the ground workstation, and transfers the environmental parameters stored in the memory to the ground workstation.

Optionally, the environmental parameter monitoring method further includes:

Pre-set predetermined arrangement points of the wireless sensor nodes according to the topography of the monitoring environment;

The wireless sensor node is loaded by the drone, and the drone is placed on the wireless sensor node according to the set predetermined arrangement point.

It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the present application provides a large-area environmental parameter monitoring system and method based on wireless communication, the system includes a plurality of wireless sensor nodes, wireless convergence nodes, unmanned aerial vehicles and ground workstations, and the wireless The convergence node is arranged on the UAV; a plurality of the wireless sensor nodes are widely arranged at predetermined arrangement points in the monitoring environment for monitoring the environment and generating environmental parameters.

In the actual application process, the UAV carries the wireless convergence node and flies along the route of the arrangement point, and broadcasts the data return instruction through wireless communication along the way; after the wireless sensor node receives the data return instruction , send the monitored environmental parameters to the wireless convergence node; the wireless convergence node saves the received environmental parameters in the memory, and after the drone lands, the memory can transfer the stored environmental parameters to the ground workstation.

Use discretely arranged wireless sensor nodes with environmental parameter measurement functions and wireless communication functions to perform environmental parameter detection and wireless communication at predetermined intervals; use drones to monitor environmental parameters through wireless communication; Then, the collected environmental parameters are imported to the ground workstation and saved to the background database of the ground workstation. In this way, due to the wireless communication between the wireless sensor node and the wireless sink node, the collected environmental parameters will be stored in the memory card on the wireless sink node carried by the UAV, avoiding the dependence on the communication infrastructure. . The flight range of UAVs is relatively wide, and the flight speed, altitude and trajectory of UAVs can perform flight tasks in complex field environments, thereby realizing large-scale forests, grasslands, and grasslands without any infrastructure. In areas such as farmland and wilderness, environmental monitoring at relatively dense intervals is carried out.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application more clearly, the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative work, the Additional drawings can be obtained from these drawings.

1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a large-area environmental parameter monitoring system based on wireless communication provided by an embodiment of the present application;

2 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a large-area environmental parameter monitoring system based on wireless communication provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless sensor node according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed ways

Embodiments will be described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Where the following description refers to the drawings, the same numerals in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following examples are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with this application. are merely exemplary of systems and methods consistent with some aspects of the present application as recited in the claims.

In order to solve the problem in the prior art, when monitoring large-area environmental parameters, the environmental monitoring method cannot be applied to the field environment with complex conditions. As shown in FIG. 1 , a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a large-area environmental parameter monitoring system based on wireless communication provided by an embodiment of the present application. A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a large-area environmental parameter monitoring system based on wireless communication, In order to monitor the environmental parameters of forests, grasslands, wastelands and Gobi in a large area, a plurality of the wireless sensor nodes are widely arranged in predetermined layout points in the monitoring environment to monitor the environment and generate environmental parameters; the The layout points are preset according to the topography of the monitoring environment. For example, in areas with complex topography and variable topography, a relatively large number of layout points should be set; in areas with similar topography, relatively single topography, and relatively stable environmental parameters, By setting a relatively smaller number of layout points, the detection system of the present application flexibly realizes the monitoring of a large area of the environment, the layout is convenient and fast, no monitoring sites need to be laid, etc., there is no requirement for environmental topography, and at the same time, the cost of manpower and material resources is saved.

The wireless convergence node is arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the unmanned aerial vehicle carries the wireless convergence node and flies along the line corresponding to the predetermined arrangement point. As shown in FIG. 2 , a schematic diagram of the working principle of a large-area environmental parameter monitoring system based on wireless communication provided by an embodiment of the present application. During the flight of the UAV, the wireless convergence node communicates with the wireless The sensor node establishes a wireless connection, and completes the collection of environmental parameters of each wireless sensor node through the wireless connection. The specific working principle is that the wireless convergence node broadcasts a data return instruction through wireless communication; wherein, the predetermined arrangement point The corresponding route is planned according to the shortest distance of the entire flight route when the drone takes off from the ground workstation, passes through the wireless sensor node, and returns to the ground workstation. After the wireless sensor node receives the data return instruction, it sends the monitored environmental parameters to the wireless convergence node; the wireless convergence node is provided with a memory card for storing the collected environmental parameters, and the wireless A memory card is set in the convergence node, and the received environmental parameters are stored in the memory. After the drone lands, the wireless convergence node establishes a connection with the ground workstation, and transfers the environmental parameters to the ground workstation.

Further, in some embodiments of the present application, the wireless sensor node is provided with a high-energy battery. The high-energy battery is built in the wireless sensor node, and is used to supply power to the threading sensor node. The wireless sensor node is thrown by the drone, and the wireless sensor node enters the working state after landing. , and collect and store environmental parameters according to the specified operating frequency, as shown in FIG. 3 , which is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless sensor node provided in an embodiment of the present application. The wireless sensor node is provided with a processor, and a data memory, an environmental parameter acquisition sensor and a wireless communication device connected to the processor.

The environmental parameters include: one or more of temperature parameters, humidity parameters, light intensity parameters, vibration parameters, air pressure parameters, and location parameters;

The wireless sensor nodes accordingly include: one or more of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a vibration sensor, a light intensity sensor, an air pressure sensor, and a geographic location sensor. The collected environmental parameters include ambient temperature, humidity, vibration, light intensity, atmospheric pressure, geographic location, and working time, and the collected environmental parameters are temporarily stored in the data storage, and the wireless communication device receives the data broadcast from the wireless sink node back. After the instruction, the environmental parameters temporarily stored in the data storage are sent to the wireless convergence node through the wireless communication device.

It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present application, the environmental parameter collection sensors are not limited to temperature sensors, humidity sensors, vibration sensors, light intensity sensors, air pressure sensors, and geographic location sensors, and can also be added according to actual application requirements. Sensors that collect other environmental parameters to meet the needs of environmental monitoring.

Further, in some embodiments of the present application, a time timer is set in the wireless sensor node. Thus, it is ensured that the collected environmental parameters include the collection time.

Further, in some embodiments of the present application, the communication frequency between the wireless sensor node and the wireless convergence node is 2.420 GHz to 2.4835 GHz. Using the communication frequency of 2.420GHz ~ 2.4835GHz, on the one hand, to ensure low communication power consumption, the maximum transmit power does not exceed 10dBm, and the communication distance is not less than 150 meters, and the communication speed is not less than 50kbps, which meets the requirements of the drone mounted on the drone. Communication requirements between wireless sink nodes and wireless sensor nodes on the ground. For example, the amount of data collected by the wireless sensor node in a single time does not exceed 50 bytes, the collection frequency is set to once per hour, the environmental parameters collected in a day do not exceed 1200 bytes, and the environmental parameters collected in a day are sent to the wireless aggregation node. The communication time also does not exceed 0.3 seconds. On the other hand, the communication frequencies from 2.420GHz to 2.4835GH belong to the application-free industrial, scientific, and medical wireless frequencies, and do not require any communication infrastructure support, and can be used in large-scale field areas.

Further, in order to realize the throwing-type delivery of the wireless sensor node and the long-term use of the wireless sensor node in the field, in some embodiments of the present application, the wireless sensor node is provided with a full protection grade IP67. Sealed case. Since the wireless sensor node is dormant most of the time, and the time of a single acquisition is very short, the overall power consumption is extremely small, and it can work for more than 3 years. Therefore, the wireless sensor node is required to have a shell with a higher protection level.

Among them, IP67 is the higher level of the dustproof and waterproof level standard in the GB/T 4208-2017 enclosure protection level (IP code), second only to the highest level of IP68. The last two digits of IPXX are XX, the first X is the dustproof grade from 0 to 6, the highest grade is 6; the second X is the waterproof grade from 0 to 8, the highest grade is 8.

Further, in some embodiments of the present application, the working parameters of the wireless sensor nodes can be reconfigured during use, and are not limited to the parameters set before throwing, and the wireless sensor nodes need to be reconfigured. When the node works parameters, the wireless convergence node sends a configuration instruction to the processor of the wireless sensor node, and the processor configures the working parameters of the wireless sensor node according to the configuration instruction. project and wireless communication parameters.

The following are method embodiments of the present application, which are implemented by the above-mentioned system embodiments of the present application. For details not disclosed in the method embodiments of the present application, please refer to the system embodiments of the present application.

A second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a large-area environmental parameter monitoring method based on wireless communication, where the large-area environmental parameter monitoring method includes:

The environment is monitored and environmental parameters are generated through a plurality of pre-arranged wireless sensor nodes; a plurality of the wireless sensor nodes are arranged at predetermined arrangement points in a large-area environment.

According to the line corresponding to the predetermined arrangement point of the wireless sensor node, the drone equipped with the wireless convergence node is controlled to fly according to the corresponding line. The sensor nodes are wirelessly connected, and the environmental parameters of the wireless sensor nodes are collected.

Wherein, during the flight of the drone, the wireless convergence node is wirelessly connected with the wireless sensor nodes within the wireless communication range, and the steps of collecting the environmental parameters of the wireless sensor nodes are specifically: During man-machine flight, the wireless convergence node broadcasts a data return instruction through wireless communication; after the wireless sensor node within the wireless communication range receives the data return instruction, it sends the monitored environmental parameters to the wireless convergence node; The wireless convergence node stores the received environmental parameters in the memory.

The wireless convergence node establishes a connection with the ground workstation, and transfers the environmental parameters stored in the memory to the ground workstation.

According to the environmental parameters to be collected by the sink node, the paired environmental monitoring is completed.

Further, the environmental parameter monitoring method also includes:

The predetermined arrangement points of the wireless sensor nodes are preset according to the topography of the monitoring environment.

The wireless sensor node is loaded by the drone, and the drone is placed on the wireless sensor node according to the set predetermined arrangement point.

It can be known from the above technical solutions that a large-area environmental parameter monitoring system and method based on wireless communication provided by the embodiments of the present application includes a plurality of wireless sensor nodes, a wireless convergence node, an unmanned aerial vehicle, and a ground workstation. The wireless convergence node is arranged on the UAV; a plurality of the wireless sensor nodes are widely arranged at predetermined arrangement points in the monitoring environment for monitoring the environment and generating environmental parameters.

In the actual application process, the UAV carries the wireless convergence node and flies along the route of the arrangement point, and broadcasts the data return instruction through wireless communication along the way; after the wireless sensor node receives the data return instruction , send the monitored environmental parameters to the wireless convergence node; the wireless convergence node saves the received environmental parameters in the memory, and after the drone lands, the memory can transfer the stored environmental parameters to the ground workstation.

Use discretely arranged wireless sensor nodes with environmental parameter measurement functions and wireless communication functions to perform environmental parameter detection and wireless communication at predetermined intervals; use drones to monitor environmental parameters through wireless communication; Then, the collected environmental parameters are imported to the ground workstation and saved to the background database of the ground workstation. In this way, due to the wireless communication between the wireless sensor node and the wireless sink node, the collected environmental parameters will be stored in the memory card on the wireless sink node carried by the UAV, avoiding the dependence on the communication infrastructure. . The flight range of UAVs is relatively wide, and the flight speed, altitude and trajectory of UAVs can perform flight tasks in complex field environments, thereby realizing large-scale forests, grasslands, and grasslands without any infrastructure. In areas such as farmland and wilderness, environmental monitoring at relatively dense intervals is carried out.

Similar parts between the embodiments provided in the present application may be referred to each other. The specific embodiments provided above are just a few examples under the general concept of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present application. For those skilled in the art, any other implementations expanded according to the solution of the present application without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A large-area environmental parameter monitoring system based on wireless communication is characterized by comprising a plurality of wireless sensing nodes, wireless sink nodes, an unmanned aerial vehicle and a ground workstation, wherein the wireless sink nodes are arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle;

the wireless sensing nodes are arranged at preset arrangement points in a large-area monitoring environment and are used for monitoring the environment and generating environment parameters;

the wireless aggregation nodes are arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle, the unmanned aerial vehicle carries the wireless aggregation nodes to fly along the lines corresponding to the preset arrangement points, wireless connection is established between the wireless aggregation nodes and wireless sensing nodes in a wireless communication range, and the collection of the environmental parameters of the wireless sensing nodes is completed through the wireless connection;

the wireless sink node is provided with a storage card for storing the acquired environmental parameters, and the wireless sink node is connected with the ground workstation to transfer the environmental parameters to the ground workstation.

2. The large area environmental parameter monitoring system of claim 1, wherein a high power battery is disposed in the wireless sensing node;

and/or; the wireless sensing node is provided with a processor, a data memory connected with the processor, an environmental parameter acquisition sensor and a wireless communication device.

3. The large area environmental parameter monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the environmental parameters include; one or more of a temperature parameter, a humidity parameter, an illumination intensity parameter, a vibration parameter, an air pressure parameter and a position parameter;

the wireless sensing nodes respectively comprise: one or more of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a vibration sensor, an illumination intensity sensor, an air pressure sensor, and a geographic position sensor.

4. The large-area environmental parameter monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the unmanned aerial vehicle is further provided with a launching device for loading the wireless sensing nodes and launching the wireless sensing nodes according to a predetermined arrangement point; the arrangement points are preset according to the landform and the landform of the monitoring environment.

5. The large area environmental parameter monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein said wireless sensing node is provided with a fully sealed enclosure with protection class IP 67.

6. The large area environmental parameter monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless aggregation node is further configured to configure working parameters of the wireless sensor nodes through wireless communication, and the working parameters include acquisition periods, acquisition items and wireless communication parameters; and a time timer is arranged in the wireless sensing node.

7. The large area environmental parameter monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the communication frequency between the wireless sensing node and the wireless aggregation node is 2.420 GHz-2.4835 GHz.

8. A large-area environmental parameter monitoring method based on wireless communication is characterized in that,

monitoring an environment and generating environment parameters through a plurality of wireless sensing nodes which are distributed in advance; a plurality of wireless sensing nodes are arranged at a preset arrangement point in a large-area environment;

controlling an unmanned aerial vehicle carrying wireless aggregation nodes to fly according to corresponding lines according to preset arrangement points of the wireless sensing nodes, wherein the wireless aggregation nodes are wirelessly connected with the wireless sensing nodes in a wireless communication range during the flying of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the environmental parameters of the wireless sensing nodes are collected;

and completing environment monitoring according to the acquired environment parameters of the aggregation node.

9. The environmental parameter monitoring method according to claim 8, wherein in the flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the step of wirelessly connecting the wireless aggregation node with a wireless sensing node in a wireless communication range and acquiring the environmental parameters of the wireless sensing node includes:

in the flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the wireless sink node broadcasts a data return instruction through wireless communication;

after receiving a data return instruction, a wireless sensing node in a wireless communication range sends monitored environmental parameters to the wireless sink node;

the wireless aggregation node stores the received environmental parameters in a memory;

and the wireless aggregation node establishes connection with a ground workstation and stores the environmental parameters stored in the memory to the ground workstation.

10. The environmental parameter monitoring method of claim 8, further comprising:

presetting a preset arrangement point of the wireless sensing node according to the landform and the landform of a monitoring environment;

the wireless sensing nodes are loaded through the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the unmanned aerial vehicle puts in the wireless sensing nodes according to the set preset arrangement points.

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