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CN111999562A - A Method for Measuring System Impedance Using Generator Phase Advance Operation - Google Patents

A Method for Measuring System Impedance Using Generator Phase Advance Operation Download PDF

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CN111999562A
CN111999562A CN202010826614.0A CN202010826614A CN111999562A CN 111999562 A CN111999562 A CN 111999562A CN 202010826614 A CN202010826614 A CN 202010826614A CN 111999562 A CN111999562 A CN 111999562A
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impedance
phase
system impedance
parameters
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CN111999562B (en
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薛磊
孙钢虎
兀鹏越
马晋辉
柴琦
王小辉
寇水潮
贺婷
高峰
杨沛豪
孙梦瑶
郭新宇
李志鹏
潘海波
王文强
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0092—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the data processing means, e.g. expert systems, neural networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/006—Calibration or setting of parameters

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种通过发电机进相运行测量系统阻抗的方法。该方法利用发电机进相运行过程，记录发电机的机端电压、定子电流和功率因数角三个参数，通过简易计算获得机端阻抗参数，并进而通过最小二乘法对机端阻抗参数在R‑X坐标平面进行拟合，最终可以得到准确的系统阻抗参数。本发明是通过发电机正常并网进相运行时的运行参数来计算系统的系统阻抗，发电机进相运行持续时间较短，测量也不需要昂贵的专用仪器，不影响正常的电力生产，便于操作和施行。相比于传统根据上级发文件来更新系统阻抗的方法，本发明能够及时更新当前电网的系统阻抗参数。本发明采用实际运行数据来计算获得系统阻抗，能够得到更加真实准确的系统阻抗参数。

Figure 202010826614

The invention discloses a method for measuring the impedance of a system by running a generator in phase advance. This method uses the generator's phase-advancing operation process to record the three parameters of the generator's terminal voltage, stator current and power factor angle, obtains the terminal impedance parameters through simple calculation, and then uses the least squares method to compare the terminal impedance parameters at R. ‑X coordinate plane for fitting, and finally accurate system impedance parameters can be obtained. The invention calculates the system impedance of the system through the operating parameters of the generator during the normal grid-connected phase-advance operation, the generator phase-advance operation lasts for a short time, and the measurement does not require expensive special instruments, does not affect the normal power production, and is convenient for operation and execution. Compared with the traditional method of updating the system impedance according to the file sent by the superior, the present invention can update the system impedance parameter of the current power grid in time. The present invention adopts the actual operation data to calculate and obtain the system impedance, and can obtain more real and accurate system impedance parameters.

Figure 202010826614

Description

一种利用发电机进相运行测量系统阻抗的方法A Method for Measuring System Impedance Using Generator Phase Advance Operation

技术领域technical field

本发明属于电力系统继电保护技术领域，具体涉及一种利用发电机进相运行测量系统阻抗的方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of power system relay protection, and in particular relates to a method for measuring system impedance by using a generator to run in phase advance.

背景技术Background technique

在电力系统的继电保护整定计算和电力系统建模仿真中，电网的系统阻抗是一个不可缺少的重要参数，电网的系统阻抗直接影响系统提供的短路电流的大小，进而影响继电保护定值的灵敏度。在发电机的涉网保护中，比如失磁保护和失步保护，则需要直接用到系统阻抗，形成保护定值。In the power system relay protection setting calculation and power system modeling and simulation, the system impedance of the power grid is an indispensable and important parameter. The system impedance of the power grid directly affects the size of the short-circuit current provided by the system, which in turn affects the relay protection setting value. sensitivity. In the grid-related protection of generators, such as loss-of-excitation protection and out-of-step protection, the system impedance needs to be directly used to form the protection fixed value.

目前，获取系统参数的方法主要是理论计算法，通过各电气设备的短路阻抗参数来计算短路回路内系统阻抗值的计算方法，这种方法的前提是能够获得电网系统拓扑结构以及线路、变压器等设备参数。目前，这项工作主要由电网调度机构进行，根据专利《电力系统阻抗的更新方法和装置》，现有的系统阻抗管理工作是分级管理，逐级更新，每年通过上级单位发文件来更新系统阻抗。比如网调负责管理和更新330kV及以上的系统阻抗，然后市调负责管理和更新220kV及以上的系统阻抗，最后地调负责管理和更新110kV及以下的系统阻抗，并且往往是一年或者更长时间才整体调整一次。At present, the method to obtain the system parameters is mainly the theoretical calculation method. The calculation method of the system impedance value in the short-circuit loop is calculated by the short-circuit impedance parameters of each electrical equipment. Device parameters. At present, this work is mainly carried out by the power grid dispatching agency. According to the patent "Method and Device for Updating Power System Impedance", the existing system impedance management work is hierarchical management, which is updated step by step, and the system impedance is updated every year through documents issued by the superior unit. . For example, the network dispatcher is responsible for managing and updating the system impedance of 330kV and above, then the city dispatcher is responsible for managing and updating the system impedance of 220kV and above, and finally the ground dispatcher is responsible for managing and updating the system impedance of 110kV and below, and it is often one year or longer. The time is adjusted as a whole.

对于电厂来说，作为电网的下级单位，只能被动接受电网调度机构下发的系统阻抗参数，也只能接受一年或者更长时间才调整一次本厂的继电保护定值。而电力系统中，不断会有新并网的电源，也会有新建的线路，运行方式也时有变化，导致系统阻抗不断发生变化。比如陕西渭南某电厂，取基准容量为100MVA，2019年系统阻抗为0.001669+j0.011548，2020年系统阻抗为0.000713+j0.007105，仅经过一年时间，系统阻抗减小了近40％。当系统阻抗发生变化，而继电保护定值不及时进行调整，则必然影响保护定值的有效性。For the power plant, as a subordinate unit of the power grid, it can only passively accept the system impedance parameters issued by the power grid dispatching agency, and it can only accept the adjustment of its relay protection setting once a year or more. In the power system, there will be new grid-connected power supplies and new lines, and the operation mode will change from time to time, resulting in constant changes in the system impedance. For example, in a power plant in Weinan, Shaanxi, the reference capacity is 100MVA, the system impedance in 2019 is 0.001669+j0.011548, and the system impedance in 2020 is 0.000713+j0.007105. After only one year, the system impedance has decreased by nearly 40%. When the system impedance changes and the relay protection setting is not adjusted in time, it will inevitably affect the effectiveness of the protection setting.

电厂继电保护所涉及的系统阻抗参数，并非是全系统的阻抗参数，而仅仅归算至本电厂并网点的系统阻抗。在无法获得电网系统拓扑结构以及线路、变压器等设备参数的情况下，电厂无法自行计算系统阻抗；对于电网下发的计算阻抗，也无法验证其是否和电网的真实系统阻抗相等。虽然也可以采用短路测试法，直接通过短路试验来测量系统的短路阻抗，但也只能在系统发生短路故障时才能获得，系统发生短路故障时，线路和变压器等设备流过大电流，对电力设备冲击较大，有可能导致电力设备的损坏。The system impedance parameters involved in the relay protection of the power plant are not the impedance parameters of the whole system, but are only reduced to the system impedance of the grid connection point of the power plant. When the topology of the power grid system and equipment parameters such as lines and transformers cannot be obtained, the power plant cannot calculate the system impedance by itself; it is also impossible to verify whether the calculated impedance issued by the power grid is equal to the real system impedance of the power grid. Although the short-circuit test method can also be used to measure the short-circuit impedance of the system directly through the short-circuit test, it can only be obtained when a short-circuit fault occurs in the system. The impact of the equipment is large, which may cause damage to the power equipment.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的在于提供一种通过发电机进相运行测量系统阻抗的方法，该方法可以获取当前系统归算至电厂并网母线处的系统阻抗。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the impedance of the system by running the generator in phase advance, and the method can obtain the impedance of the current system reduced to the grid-connected bus of the power plant.

为达到上述目的，本发明通过下述技术方案来实现的：To achieve the above object, the present invention realizes through the following technical solutions:

一种利用发电机进相运行测量系统阻抗的方法，包括以下步骤：A method for measuring the impedance of a system by utilizing the advanced phase operation of a generator, comprising the following steps:

1)发电机在低负荷工况下，通过逐渐减小励磁电流，使发电机进相运行；且发电机进相运行过程中，保持发电机有功负荷不变；1) Under the condition of low load, the generator gradually reduces the excitation current to make the generator run in phase advance; and during the phase advance operation of the generator, the active load of the generator is kept unchanged;

2)记录进相运行过程中发电机定子电流I、有功功率P和无功功率Q，进相试验结束，共记录N组数据；2) Record the stator current I, active power P and reactive power Q of the generator during the phase advance operation. After the phase advance test is over, a total of N groups of data are recorded;

3)利用试验数据，计算可得到：3) Using the test data, the calculation can be obtained:

机端阻抗的电阻参数为：The resistance parameters of the terminal impedance are:

Figure BDA0002636433000000021
Figure BDA0002636433000000021

机端阻抗的电抗参数为：The reactance parameter of the terminal impedance is:

Figure BDA0002636433000000022
Figure BDA0002636433000000022

其中，i＝1，2，3...N-1，N；Among them, i=1,2,3...N-1,N;

4)对N组数据，在R-X坐标平面上采用最小二乘法进行拟合，拟合曲线方程为(R-A)2+(X-B)2＝R2，圆心坐标为(A，B)，圆的半径为R，其中R＝A；4) For N groups of data, the least squares method is used for fitting on the RX coordinate plane. The fitting curve equation is (RA) 2 +(XB) 2 =R 2 , the coordinates of the center of the circle are (A, B), and the radius of the circle is is R, where R=A;

5)如果发电机直接和系统相连，则拟合圆的圆心纵坐标B为系统阻抗的二次值，设发电机机端CT变比为nTA，PT变比为nTV，则系统阻抗的一次值为

Figure BDA0002636433000000031
5) If the generator is directly connected to the system, the ordinate B of the center of the fitting circle is the quadratic value of the system impedance, and the CT transformation ratio at the generator end is n TA , and the PT transformation ratio is n TV , then the system impedance primary value
Figure BDA0002636433000000031

如果发电机通过变压器和系统相连，则拟合圆的圆心纵坐标B为变压器短路阻抗和系统阻抗之和，设变压器的短路阻抗为XT，发电机机端CT变比为nTA，PT变比为nTV，则系统阻抗的一次值为

Figure BDA0002636433000000032
If the generator is connected to the system through a transformer, the ordinate B of the center of the fitted circle is the sum of the short-circuit impedance of the transformer and the system impedance. Let the short-circuit impedance of the transformer be X T , the CT transformation ratio of the generator end is n TA , and the PT variable If the ratio is n TV , the primary value of the system impedance is
Figure BDA0002636433000000032

本发明进一步的改进在于，发电机是在30％～50％负荷工况下。A further improvement of the present invention is that the generator is under a load condition of 30% to 50%.

对比现有技术，本发明至少具有如下有益的技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention at least has the following beneficial technical effects:

1、本发明通过利用发电机正常进相运行过程，获取发电机的机端电压、定子电流和功率因数角三个参数，通过简易计算获得机端阻抗参数，并进而通过最小二乘法对机端阻抗参数进行拟合，最终可以得到准确的系统阻抗参数。发电机进相运行持续时间较短，不需要昂贵的专用仪器，也不需要停发电机，不影响正常的电力生产。1. The present invention obtains three parameters of generator terminal voltage, stator current and power factor angle by using the normal phase advance operation process of the generator, obtains the generator terminal impedance parameter through simple calculation, and then uses the least square method to compare the generator terminal. The impedance parameters are fitted, and finally the accurate system impedance parameters can be obtained. The duration of the generator's phase-advancing operation is short, and it does not require expensive special instruments, nor does it need to stop the generator, and does not affect normal power production.

2、本发明利用发电机正常进相运行过程，计算得到系统阻抗参数，相比于传统根据上级发文件来更新系统阻抗的方法，能够及时更新当前电网的系统阻抗参数。本发明采用实际运行数据来计算获得系统阻抗，相比于传统根据电网设备参数计算系统阻抗的方法，能够得到更加真实准确的系统阻抗参数。2. The present invention utilizes the normal phase advance operation process of the generator to calculate and obtain the system impedance parameters. Compared with the traditional method of updating the system impedance according to the file sent by the superior, the present invention can timely update the system impedance parameters of the current power grid. Compared with the traditional method of calculating the system impedance according to the parameters of the power grid equipment, the present invention can obtain more real and accurate system impedance parameters by using the actual operation data to calculate and obtain the system impedance.

本发明对比已有技术具有以下显著优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

1、本发明是通过发电机正常并网进相运行时的运行参数来计算系统的系统阻抗，整个过程，发电机正常并网运行，进相运行持续时间较短，测量也不需要昂贵的专用仪器，不影响正常的电力生产，便于操作和施行。1. The present invention calculates the system impedance of the system through the operating parameters of the generator during normal grid-connected phase-advance operation. In the whole process, the generator is normally connected to the grid, and the phase-advance operation lasts for a short time, and the measurement does not require expensive special equipment. The instrument does not affect the normal power production and is easy to operate and implement.

2、相比于传统根据上级发文件来更新系统的方法，电厂通过发电机进相运行测量系统阻抗，能够更及时的更新当前的系统阻抗参数，并进而调整继电保护定值，保证了继电保护定值的有效性。虽然专利《电力系统阻抗的更新方法和装置》也提出了一种更新电力系统阻抗的方法，但是其仍然是采用传统的计算方法，并不能够保证其计算结果的准确性。2. Compared with the traditional method of updating the system according to the documents issued by the superior, the power plant measures the system impedance through the generator phase advance operation, which can update the current system impedance parameters in a more timely manner, and then adjust the relay protection setting value to ensure the relay protection. Validity of electrical protection settings. Although the patent "Method and Device for Updating Power System Impedance" also proposes a method for updating the impedance of the power system, it still adopts the traditional calculation method and cannot guarantee the accuracy of the calculation result.

综上，本发明提出了利用发电机进行运行测量系统阻抗的方法。发电机在并网运行时，逐渐减小励磁电流，使发电机从向系统提供无功而变为从系统吸收无功，定子电流从滞后变为超前发电机机端电压一个角度，这个过程即为进相运行。根据发电机经典理论，运行中的发电机在进相运行时，发电机电动势随着励磁电流的减小而衰减，这个过程中，保持发电机输出有功功率不变，则在阻抗复平面上，发电机的机端阻抗轨迹是以

Figure BDA0002636433000000041
为圆心的一个圆，Us为系统电压，Xcon为机端对系统的联系电抗，P为发电机发出的有功功率。因为轨迹圆上各点P值相等，故也称之为等有功阻抗圆。本发明即通过最小二乘法进行曲线拟合的方法获得等有功圆，并进而计算得到真实的系统阻抗参数。To sum up, the present invention proposes a method for measuring system impedance by using a generator for operation. When the generator is connected to the grid, the excitation current is gradually reduced, so that the generator changes from supplying reactive power to the system to absorbing reactive power from the system, and the stator current changes from a lag to an angle that leads the generator terminal voltage. Run for phase advance. According to the classical theory of generators, when the running generator is running in advancing phase, the electromotive force of the generator decays with the decrease of the excitation current. In this process, the output active power of the generator is kept unchanged, then on the impedance complex plane, The generator's terminal impedance locus is given by
Figure BDA0002636433000000041
is a circle with the center of the circle, U s is the system voltage, X con is the contact reactance of the generator end to the system, and P is the active power emitted by the generator. Because the P value of each point on the trajectory circle is equal, it is also called the equal active impedance circle. The present invention obtains equal active circles through the method of curve fitting by the least square method, and further calculates the real system impedance parameters.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为应用本发明的方法计算系统阻抗的示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of calculating system impedance by applying the method of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下结合附图和实施例对本发明做出进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

图1为应用本发明的方法计算系统阻抗的示意图。图1中实线为进相试验中根据测量数据绘制的发电机机端阻抗轨迹图，虚线为根据发电机机端阻抗轨迹采用最小二乘法拟合得到的圆，坐标(19.55,3.15)为拟合圆的圆心坐标。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of calculating system impedance by applying the method of the present invention. The solid line in Fig. 1 is the generator end impedance trace diagram drawn according to the measured data in the phase advance test, the dotted line is the circle obtained by least squares fitting according to the generator end impedance trace, and the coordinates (19.55, 3.15) are the approximate The coordinates of the center of the compound circle.

本发明提供的一种过发电机进相运行测量系统阻抗的方法，具体步骤如下：The present invention provides a method for measuring system impedance through generator phase advancing operation, and the specific steps are as follows:

1)660MW发电机在36.2％负荷工况下运行，通过逐渐减小励磁电流，使发电机进相运行；1) The 660MW generator runs at 36.2% load condition, and the generator runs in phase advance by gradually reducing the excitation current;

2)发电机进相运行过程中，保持发电机有功负荷239MW不变；2) During the advanced phase operation of the generator, keep the generator active load of 239MW unchanged;

3)记录进相运行过程中发电机定子电流I、有功功率P和无功功率Q，进相试验结束，共记录N组数据；3) Record the stator current I, active power P and reactive power Q of the generator during the phase advance operation. After the phase advance test is over, a total of N groups of data are recorded;

4)利用试验数据，计算可得到：4) Using the test data, the calculation can be obtained:

机端阻抗的电阻参数为：The resistance parameters of the terminal impedance are:

Figure BDA0002636433000000051
Figure BDA0002636433000000051

机端阻抗的电抗参数为：The reactance parameter of the terminal impedance is:

Figure BDA0002636433000000052
Figure BDA0002636433000000052

其中，i＝1，2，3...N-1，N；Among them, i=1,2,3...N-1,N;

5)对N组数据，在R-X坐标平面上采用最小二乘法进行拟合，拟合曲线方程为(R-A)2+(X-B)2＝R2，圆心坐标为(A，B)，圆的半径为R，其中R＝A，则拟合结果为(R-19.55)2+(X-3.15)2＝19.552，其中B＝3.15。5) For the N groups of data, the least squares method is used for fitting on the RX coordinate plane. The fitting curve equation is (RA) 2 +(XB) 2 =R 2 , the coordinates of the center of the circle are (A, B), and the radius of the circle is is R, where R=A, the fitting result is (R-19.55) 2 +(X-3.15) 2 =19.55 2 , where B=3.15.

本例中发电机通过变压器和系统相连，则拟合圆的圆心纵坐标B为变压器短路阻抗和系统阻抗之和，变压器的短路阻抗为XT＝0.114Ω，发电机机端CT变比为nTA＝25000/5A，PT变比为nTV＝20/0.1kV，则系统阻抗归算到发电机机端电压之后的一次值为

Figure BDA0002636433000000053
In this example, the generator is connected to the system through a transformer, the ordinate B of the center of the fitted circle is the sum of the short-circuit impedance of the transformer and the system impedance, the short-circuit impedance of the transformer is XT=0.114Ω, and the CT transformation ratio at the generator end is n TA = 25000/5A, PT ratio is n TV = 20/0.1kV, then the primary value of the system impedance after being reduced to the generator terminal voltage is:
Figure BDA0002636433000000053

Claims (6)

1. A method for measuring system impedance using generator in-phase operation, comprising the steps of:
1) under the low-load working condition, the generator is enabled to run in a phase by gradually reducing the exciting current; in the process of the phase-in operation of the generator, the active load of the generator is kept unchanged;
2) recording generator stator current I, active power P and reactive power Q in the phase-entering operation process, and recording N groups of data after the phase-entering test is finished;
3) calculating to obtain the resistance of the terminal impedance and the reactance of the terminal impedance by using the test data;
4) fitting the N groups of data on an R-X coordinate plane by adopting a least square method;
5) if the generator is directly connected with the system, the vertical coordinate B of the center of the fitting circle is a secondary value of the system impedance;
if the generator is connected with the system through the transformer, the vertical coordinate B of the circle center of the fitting circle is the sum of the short-circuit impedance of the transformer and the impedance of the system.
2. The method for measuring system impedance using generator in-phase operation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the generator is in 30% to 50% load condition.
3. The method for measuring the system impedance by using the generator in-phase operation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the resistance parameters of the generator terminal impedance are as follows:
Figure FDA0002636432990000011
reactance parameters of the termination impedance are:
Figure FDA0002636432990000012
wherein i is 1, 2, 3.
4. The method for measuring system impedance using generator in-phase operation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4), the fitting curve equation is (R-A)2+(X-B)2＝R2The coordinates of the center of the circle are (A, B), and the radius of the circle is R, wherein R is A.
5. The method for measuring the system impedance by utilizing the generator in-phase operation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5), if the generator is directly connected with the system, the CT transformation ratio at the generator end is set to be nTAPT ratio of nTVThe first order value of the system impedance is
Figure FDA0002636432990000021
6. The method for measuring the impedance of the system by utilizing the generator in-phase operation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5), if the generator is connected with the system through the transformer, the short-circuit impedance of the transformer is set as XTThe generator terminal CT transformation ratio is nTAPT ratio of nTVThe first order value of the system impedance is
Figure FDA0002636432990000022
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