CN111983740A

CN111983740A - Dimming layer, light-splitting dimming layer and visual angle modulation component

Info

Publication number: CN111983740A
Application number: CN202010439828.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李刚; 夏寅; 周鼎; 赵鸣愈; 付坤; 王小凯; 唐海江; 张彦
Original assignee: Ningbo Exciton Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Ningbo Exciton Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-05-24
Filing date: 2020-05-22
Publication date: 2020-11-24
Also published as: CN111443410A; CN111983738A; CN111983739A; CN111983737A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a light modulation layer based on volume scattering, and more particularly, to a light modulation layer, a light splitting light modulation layer, and a viewing angle modulation member. The invention provides a light modulation layer, a light splitting type light modulation layer and a visual angle modulation component, which are used for controlling the light distribution of emergent light to be in a double-peak form and realizing a visual angle modulation function. The light splitting type dimming layer comprises a light splitting structure layer and a dimming layer, and the light splitting structure layer is attached below the lower surface of the dimming layer; the light adjusting layer is internally provided with a light scattering agent which is arranged between the upper surface and the lower surface of the light adjusting layer, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the light adjusting layer are very flat and smooth. The filling rate D' of the light scattering agent in the light adjusting layer is 0.1-0.3, and the particle size D is 0.5-5 μm. The light splitting type dimming layer realizes light splitting treatment on incident light, controls light distribution of emergent light to be in a double-peak form, realizes a visual angle regulation function, is arranged on a backlight source with a small visual angle, can not only enlarge the visual angle, but also regulate and control the direction of peak light intensity, and is suitable for being applied to a vehicle-mounted central control screen to optimize the viewing experience of a front passenger seat and a secondary passenger seat.

Description

Dimming layer, light-splitting dimming layer and visual angle modulation component

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to light modulation layers, and particularly to a light modulation layer based on high purity volume scattering, a light splitting light modulation layer, and a viewing angle modulation component.

Background

Conventional optical films have specific optical coatings, but none have produced high purity bulk scattering, such as:

(1) the diffusion particle layer generates multiple refraction and reflection on the surface and inside of the diffusion particle by light to generate diffusion with geometric optical scale, and generates enough refractive index difference between the geometric shape of the diffusion particle exposed above the glue layer and air to expand the optical bending amplitude and strengthen the diffusion effect, such as diffusion, atomization, anti-dazzle and the like. Such optical coatings have some bulk scattering but strong surface scattering due to the particles being partially embedded in the glue layer.

(2) The micro-replication structure layer utilizes light to generate light distribution regulation of geometric optical dimension by multiple refraction and reflection on the surface and inside of the microstructure, and utilizes the microstructure and air to generate enough refractive index difference to strengthen regulation and control effects, such as increasing brightness, controlling visual angle or directional light guiding. Such optical coatings have no bulk scattering, or can be considered to be very weak.

(3) The particle-free coating/plating layer realizes specific functions such as scratch resistance, antifogging, antifouling, reflection increasing, reflection reducing, wavelength selection, polarization selection and the like by utilizing the surface properties (such as hardness and hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity), the thickness, the refractive index matching and the like of the coating/plating layer. However, such optics do not provide dispersion regulation.

(4) Conventional bulk scattering coatings, in none of the prior art solutions, emphasize control of surface scattering interference to achieve high purity bulk scattering light, nor recognize the advantages of high purity bulk scattering regulation.

Therefore, in view of the above problems, it is necessary to provide a further solution to achieve volume scattering modulation for specific input light.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a dimming layer and a preparation method thereof, aiming at realizing the regulation and control of input light. The light adjusting layer can adjust and control the light beam shape and direction of output light, so that the light intensity distribution curve of the output light forms a graph in a coordinate system (a plane rectangular coordinate system or a polar coordinate system), and the interference of the scattering of the surface of the light adjusting layer is reduced. The light adjusting layer realizes the specific regulation and control of specific input light, so that the light intensity distribution curve of the transmission output light meets a specific distribution form, and meanwhile, the interference of surface scattering is strictly controlled. The dimming layer specifically regulates and controls transmission output light through high-purity body scattering, meanwhile, the proportion of stray light is reduced, the regulation and control precision is improved, the light intensity change is soft, the transition of a distribution curve is smooth, the output light is more suitable for being watched by human eyes and a lens, the output light is more suitable for being secondarily utilized as a new input light source, and the dimming layer is particularly suitable for being used as a signal source of an optical system so as to be received and analyzed.

The regulation, is the light intensity distribution, this contains two layers, one is the form of the light beam, the light intensity distribution roughly distinguishes with the graphic code, the diffusion degree of the light beam uses the beam angle phi₂Quantizing; second, the direction of the beam, by the average exit angle θ₂And (4) showing. The light intensity distribution is related to the input light and the dimming layer.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a light modulation layer, which is provided with a light incident surface and a light emergent surface; the light adjusting layer is internally provided with a light scattering agent which is arranged between the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the light adjusting layer.

The light scattering agent is completely arranged between the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the light adjusting layer. The light scattering agent does not protrude from the upper and lower surfaces of the dimming layer. The light scattering agent is completely embedded in the dimming layer.

The light incident surface is a smooth plane, and the light emergent surface is a smooth plane.

The surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface is less than or equal to 250nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface is less than or equal to 250 nm.

The surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the light adjusting layer is in a nanometer scale.

The light modulation layer comprises a transmission medium and a light scattering agent, and the light scattering agent is dispersed in the transmission medium; the surface roughness Ra of income plain noodles is <250nm, the surface roughness Ra of going out the plain noodles is <250 nm.

The light adjusting layer is a bulk scattering system and is composed of a propagation medium and a light scattering agent, the propagation medium is solid polymer resin, the light scattering agent is light scattering particles, the light scattering agent is strictly dispersed in the propagation medium, adjusting and controlling light scattered by the light adjusting layer body is increased, the upper outer surface and the lower outer surface of the light adjusting layer are very flat and smooth, stray light scattered on the surface of the light adjusting layer is reduced, the light adjusting layer can specifically adjust and control output light, so that the transmission output light meets a specific distribution form, and the light intensity changes softly and smoothly.

The light adjusting layer is a bulk scattering system and consists of a propagation medium and a light scattering agent, the light scattering agent is strictly dispersed in the propagation medium, the thickness of the light adjusting layer is between submicron and millimeter scales, the particle size of light scattering particles is between submicron and micron scales, the upper outer surface and the lower outer surface of the light adjusting layer are very flat and smooth, the light adjusting layer increases the adjusting and controlling light of bulk scattering, reduces stray light of surface scattering, and improves the purity of bulk scattering light. The light adjusting layer provides high-purity volume scattering, can perform specific regulation and control on the transmission output light, enables a light intensity distribution curve of the transmission output light to meet a specific distribution form, and is soft and smooth in light intensity change. The light modulation layer can lead the output light to be more suitable for being watched by human eyes and lenses, is more suitable for being secondarily used as a new input light source, and is particularly suitable for being used as a signal source of an optical system so as to receive and analyze the light.

The thickness T of the light modulation layer is 0.5-5000 μm. The thickness T of the light modulation layer is between submicron and millimeter scale; the surface roughness Ra of income plain noodles is <100nm, the surface roughness Ra of going out the plain noodles is <100 nm.

The propagation medium is selected from polymer resins.

The solid state mode of the solid polymer resin is photocuring, thermocuring or melt cooling, the surface is dry and comfortable, and the solid polymer resin does not have viscosity at normal temperature.

The particle size D of the light scattering agent is selected from 0.1-50 μm. The particle size D of the light scattering agent is between the submicron and micron scale.

The particle size matching of the light scattering agent is selected from one or at least two combinations of monodisperse particles or polydisperse particles.

The light scattering agent is selected from one or a combination of at least two of polymer particles or inorganic particles. The polymer particles have a particle diameter D of 0.8 to 50 μm. The particle diameter D of the inorganic particles is 0.1 to 5 μm.

The polymer particles are selected from one or a combination of at least two of different polymers.

The inorganic particles are selected from one or the combination of at least two of inorganic particles with different materials.

The surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface of the light adjusting layer is less than 50nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface is less than 50 nm.

Furthermore, the upper surface or the lower surface of the light modulation layer can be used as the light incident surface or the light emitting surface of the light modulation layer.

According to the dimming layer provided by the invention, the input light is collimated light or diffused light.

The average incident angle of the input light is theta₁，0≤θ₁<90°。θ₁Preferably, the angle is 0 degrees, namely the angle is perpendicular to the light incident surface of the dimming layer, so that the effective utilization of input light is facilitated.

Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the input light is preferably symmetrical, and there is a center line (sum of light ray vectors), and an included angle between the center line and the light incident surface is the average incident angle θ₁。

Further, the symmetry may be described spatially as uniplanar (meaning meridional), bilaterally or axially symmetric, i.e., uniaxially, biaxially or centrally symmetric in any cross-section. Preferably axisymmetric, in which case the beam rotates at any angle around the center line, i.e. the optical axis, without changing its shape.

The light intensity distribution curves of the input light (i.e., the curves on the typical meridian planes C0/180, C45/225, C90/270, C135/315) can be described as a specific pattern. Further, when the input light has spatial symmetry, all the patterns of the light intensity distribution curve are axisymmetric patterns. Furthermore, when the input light is single-sided symmetrical, four curves are not coincident. Further, when the input light is bilaterally symmetric (e.g., C0/180 and C90/270), the intensity distribution curves of the meridian planes (e.g., C45/225 and C135/315) separated from the symmetry plane by 45 ° coincide, and the curves are transition shapes of the patterns of the two symmetry planes. Further, when the input light is axisymmetric, the light intensity distribution curves of any meridian plane coincide.

Further, the specific pattern of the light intensity distribution curve of the input light can be one or two combinations of approximate fusiform, oval, egg-shaped, round, fan-shaped, cloud-shaped, heart-shaped and double-lobe beam-shaped on polar coordinates, and can be one or two combinations of approximate nail-shaped, half star-shaped, triangular, cosine-shaped, rectangular, trapezoidal, overlapped double-peak and separated double-peak on rectangular coordinates.

The specific input light has a beam angle of phi₁，0≤Φ₁Less than or equal to 180 degrees. The beam angle is a fixed value when the axis is symmetrical, and a range when the axis is not centrosymmetric.

According to the dimming layer provided by the invention, the output light is diffused light.

The average exit angle of the output light is theta₂，0≤θ₂<90°。θ₂Preferably 0 deg., i.e. perpendicular to the light exit surface of the light-modulating layer, which facilitates simplified analysis of the output light.

The spatial distribution of the output light is preferably symmetrical, a central line exists, and the included angle between the central line and the light-emitting surface is the average emergent angle theta₂。

The light intensity distribution curve of the output light can be described as a specific pattern. Further, when the input light has spatial symmetry, all the patterns of the light intensity distribution curve are axisymmetric patterns. Furthermore, when the input light is single-sided symmetrical, four curves are not coincident. Further, when the input light is bilaterally symmetric (e.g., C0/180 and C90/270), the intensity distribution curves of the meridian planes (e.g., C45/225 and C135/315) separated from the symmetry plane by 45 ° coincide, and the curves are transition shapes of the patterns of the two symmetry planes. Further, when the input light is axisymmetric, the light intensity distribution curves of any meridian plane coincide.

Further, the specific pattern of the light intensity distribution curve of the output light can be one or two combinations of approximate fusiform, oval, egg-shaped, round, fan-shaped, cloud-shaped, heart-shaped and double-lobe beam-shaped on polar coordinates, and can be one or two combinations of approximate nail-shaped, half star-shaped, triangular, cosine-shaped, rectangular, trapezoidal, overlapped double-peak and separated double-peak on rectangular coordinates.

The beam angle of the output light is phi₂，0≤Φ₂Less than or equal to 150 degrees. The beam angle is a fixed value when the axis is symmetrical, and a range when the axis is not centrosymmetric.

The invention provides a light-adjusting layer, when theta₁When the angle is 0 °, the spatial distribution of the output light must be symmetrical, and there is a center line, and the pairSymmetry coincides with the input light. When 0 is present<θ₁<At 90 deg., the output light does not necessarily have symmetry, and symmetry remains if and only if the light intensity profiles of the output light are all circular.

The light-adjusting layer provided by the invention can be made of a material selected from an Acrylic resin system (AR, Acrylic resin), a polyurethane system (PU), a polyolefin system (polyethylene PE/polypropylene PP/copolyolefin PO), a cycloolefin polymer system (COP), a polyhalogenated olefin system (polyvinyl chloride PVC/polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF), a Polystyrene System (PS), a polycarbonate system (PC), a polyester system (polyethylene terephthalate PET/polybutylene terephthalate/polyethylene naphthalate PEN), a Silicone system (Si, Silicone), an epoxy resin system (EP), a polyamide system (PA), a polyimide system (PI), a polylactic acid system (PLA), a fluororesin system (FKM), a fluorosilicone resin system (FVMQ), a melamine resin system (MF), a phenolic resin system (PF), Urea-formaldehyde resin system (UF), or thermoplastic elastomer (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer EVA/thermoplastic elastomer TPE/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer TPU) or a combination of at least two thereof.

Further, the material of the polymer resin is selected from one or a combination of at least two of an acrylic resin system, a polyurethane system, a polyolefin system, a polystyrene system, a polycarbonate system, a polyester system, an organosilicon system, an epoxy system, a polyimide system, or a thermoplastic elastic material.

Further, the material of the polymer particles may be selected from one or a combination of at least two of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polybutyl methacrylate (PBMA), polyamide, polyurethane, silicone, polystyrene, melamine resin, or Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

Further, the material of the polymer particles is selected from one or a combination of at least two of polymethyl methacrylate, organic silicon, polystyrene and melamine resin.

Further, the material of the inorganic particles may be selected from one or a combination of at least two of alkaline earth metal or nonmetal oxides, nitrides, carbides, fluorides, sulfides, carbonates, sulfates, or silicates, or natural ore powder, or ceramic material powder.

Further, the material of the inorganic particles is selected from silicon dioxide (SiO)₂) Titanium dioxide (TiO)₂) Zirconium dioxide (ZrO)₂) Aluminum oxide (Al)₂O₃) Zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium oxide (MgO), zinc sulfide (ZnS), calcium carbonate (CaCO)₃) Calcium sulfate (CaSO)₄) Barium sulfate (BaSO)₄) Silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon nitride (Si)₃N₄) Magnesium fluoride (MgF)₂) Calcium fluoride (CaF)₂) Or magnesium aluminum silicate or a combination of at least two thereof.

Further, the material of the inorganic particles is selected from one or a combination of at least two of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide, or barium sulfate.

Furthermore, the filling rate D' of the light scattering agent in the dimming layer is 0.0001-0.95. The filling rate D' is preferably 0.001 to 0.75.

If the filling rate D 'of the light scattering agent is too low, the addition amount is difficult to control, and if the filling rate D' is too high, uniform dispersion is difficult.

Further, the thickness T of the light modulation layer may be 0.5 μm, 2 μm, 10 μm, 30 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 1000 μm, or 5000 μm.

The filling rate D' may be 0.01 to 0.75 or 0.4 to 0.75. The filling rate D' may be 0.01, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5 or 0.75.

The surface roughness Ra can be 0.1-0.2 μm, 0.05-0.1 μm, or Ra <0.05 μm.

The light scattering agent may be SiO₂Particles having a particle size of 0.1 to 0.5 μm; PMMA particles with the particle size of 5 μm, 2 μm or 50 μm; silicone particles having a particle size of 2-5, or 1-3 μm; MF particles having a particle diameter of 0.8 to 1.2 μm; or TiO₂Particles having a particle diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 μm.

Furthermore, the thickness T of the dimming layer is 50 μm, the dimming layer includes a propagation medium and a light scattering agent, the light incident surface and the light emitting surface, the light scattering agent is uniformly dispersed in the propagation medium to form a bulk scattering system, the input light is emitted from the light emitting surface of the input light source, is incident from the light incident surface, and is emitted from the light emitting surface through the bulk scattering control of the dimming layer to generate the final output light. Wherein the propagation medium is an acrylic resin system in the photo-curing polymer resin; the light scattering agent is polystyrene particles in a polymer particle system, is polydisperse, has a particle size of 1-3 mu m, and has a filling rate D' of 0.2-0.4 in a bulk scattering system. The light incident surface and the light emergent surface are very flat and smooth, and the surface roughness Ra is 0.05-0.1 μm. The foregoing technical solutions include examples 1-2.

Furthermore, the thickness T of the dimming layer is 0.5-5000 μm, the dimming layer comprises a transmission medium and a light scattering agent, the light incident surface and the light emitting surface are uniformly dispersed in the transmission medium to form a bulk scattering system, input light is emitted from the light emitting surface of the input light source and emitted from the light incident surface, and the input light is regulated by bulk scattering of the dimming layer and emitted from the light emitting surface to generate final output light. Wherein the propagation medium is selected from an acrylic resin system in a light-cured polymer resin, or PET in a melt cooling and curing mode, or PC; the light scattering agent is selected from PMMA particles (particle size of 2-50 μm), or SiO₂Particles (particle size of 0.1 to 0.5 μm), or TiO₂Particles (particle size of 0.5 to 1 μm), or a combination of both. The filling rate D' of the volume scattering system is 0.01-0.4. The light incident surface and the light emergent surface are very flat and smooth, and the surface roughness Ra is 0.05-0.1 μm. The foregoing technical solutions include examples 3 to 15.

Furthermore, the thickness T of the light modulation layer is 30 μm, the filling rate D' is 0.4-0.75, and the surface roughness Ra is less than 0.05 μm. The light scattering agent is organic silicon particles with the particle size of 2-5 mu m, and the propagation medium is selected from a light-cured acrylic resin system. The foregoing technical solutions include examples 16 to 31.

Furthermore, the thickness T of the light modulation layer is 100 μm, the filling rate D' is 0.1-0.5, and the surface roughness Ra is 0.1-0.25 μm. The light scattering agent is melamine resin (MF) particles with the particle size of 0.8-1.2 mu m, and the propagation medium is selected from a heat-cured Polyurethane (PU) system or an organic silicon system. The foregoing technical solutions include examples 32 to 44.

Further, the thickness of the light modulation layerThe degree T is 50 μm, the filling rate D' is 0.5, and the surface roughness Ra is 0.05-0.1. mu.m. The light scattering agent is a combination of polymer particles and inorganic particles, and the polymer resin particles are organosilicon particles (with the particle size of 1-3 μm) or Polystyrene (PS) particles (with the particle size of 3 μm); the inorganic particles are TiO₂Particles (particle diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 μm) of ZrO₂Particles (particle diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 μm), Al₂O₃Particles (particle size of 0.5 to 1.5 μm), or BaSO₄Particles (particle diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 μm). The propagation medium is selected from a heat-cured Acrylic (AR) system, an Epoxy (EP) system or PVDF, a light-cured Acrylic (AR) system, or PP, PC, EVA, PE, PMMA, or a combination of two heat-cured resins, or a combination of two melt-cooled cured resins, or a combination of a heat-cured resin and a light-cured resin. When the propagation medium is composed of two resins, the mass ratio of the two resins is 1-100:1-100(1:100, 1:1, or 100: 1). When the light scattering agent is a combination of polymer particles and inorganic particles, the mass ratio of the polymer particles to the inorganic particles is 5-100:1(5:1, 10: 1: 50:1 or 100: 1). The foregoing technical solutions include examples 45 to 58.

Furthermore, the thickness T of the light modulation layer is 50 μm, the filling rate D' is 0.2, and the surface roughness Ra is 0.05-0.1 μm. The light scattering agent is SiO₂Particles having a particle size of 0.1-5 μm, said propagation medium being selected from thermally cured Acrylic Resin (AR) systems. The foregoing technical solutions include examples 59 to 66.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the light modulation layer, which comprises the following steps:

(1) uniformly dispersing a light scattering agent in a polymer resin raw material to form a pre-dispersion;

(2) preparing the pre-dispersion obtained in the step (1) into a layered body,

(3) and (3) curing the layered body obtained in the step (2) to obtain the dimming layer.

Further, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) uniformly dispersing a light scattering agent in liquid polymer resin to form a liquid pre-dispersion;

(2) and directly coating a liquid pre-dispersion with a certain thickness between the super-mirror release bodies, and carrying out photo-curing or thermosetting polymerization to generate a solid dispersion. The release force refers to the binding force between the coating and the release body, and depends on the formula of the coating and the surface performance of the release body, the surface roughness must be in a nanometer scale, Ra is less than or equal to 250nm, preferably less than 250nm, further preferably less than 100nm, further preferably less than 50nm, and the super-mirror release body can be combined as follows: a. the release roller has light release force and heavy release force (only the light curing system is suitable), and the material of the surface of the release roller can be selected from metal, ceramic, Teflon, glass subjected to surface treatment and the like; b. the release plate has light release force and heavy release force (both light curing and heat curing systems are suitable), and the material of the surface of the release plate can be selected from metal, ceramic, Teflon, glass subjected to surface treatment, PC, PMMA and the like; c. the release film has a light release force and a heavy release force (both light curing and heat curing systems are applicable), and the material of the release film can be selected from surface-treated PET, PI, PC and the like; d. a release film with a slightly heavy release force and a release roller with a slightly light release force (only the photocuring system is suitable); e. a release film with a slightly heavy release force and a release plate with a slightly light release force (both light curing and heat curing systems are applicable); f. a release plate with a slightly heavy release force and a release film with a slightly light release force (both light curing and heat curing systems are suitable);

(3) and separating the solid dispersion from the release body to obtain the dimming layer. Wherein: in the production of the mode a, the light and heavy release rollers must be sequentially separated from the dimming layer, the dimming layer is guided by the heavy release rollers to advance, and pure dimming layer coiled materials can be directly obtained through stripping at a certain angle; d, separating the light release roller from the dimming layer in production, using the heavy release film as a carrier to guide the dimming layer to advance to obtain a coiled material with a single-sided release dimming layer, and tearing off the heavy release film when in use; c. in the production mode, a heavy release plate or film is arranged below the light release plate or film and is used as a carrier, light release films are covered above the heavy release plate or film, and a double-sided release dimming layer plate or coiled material is obtained; b. in the production of the mode e, a heavy separation plate or a film is arranged below the light separation plate or the film serves as a carrier, a light separation plate covers the light separation plate, if the light separation plate is repeatedly used, a single-sided separation type dimming layer plate or a coiled material is obtained, the heavy separation type carrier needs to be torn when the light separation plate is used, if the light separation plate is used for one time, a double-sided separation type dimming layer plate or the coiled material is obtained, and when the light separation plate is used, the light separation plate needs to be torn firstly, and then the heavy separation type carrier is torn.

Further, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) uniformly dispersing a light scattering agent in a liquid/solid polymer resin to form a liquid/solid pre-dispersion;

(2) and (3) directly forming a polymer melt by performing reactive extrusion on the liquid pre-dispersion/melt extrusion on the solid pre-dispersion, controlling the thickness by casting, curtain coating, calendering, stretching and other processes, and cooling to obtain the solid dispersion, wherein the curtain coating needs a release body as a carrier, and the formulation of the release body is shown in the step (3) of the preparation method.

(3) The light adjusting layer is obtained directly or after the release body is torn.

It should be noted that the thickness T of the light modulation layer should be selected according to the application and the preparation method, and the present invention is not preferable. When the preparation method is normal-temperature coating, T can be 0.5-100 microns, and is mainly matched with the solid content (including 100% solid content), viscosity and coater of the coating liquid, and when the preparation method is melt extrusion, T can be 10-5000 microns, and is matched with the viscoelasticity of the melt and corresponding forming processes, such as stretching, tape casting, calendaring and the like.

Compared with the prior art, the dimming layer provided by the invention can regulate and control the light beam form and direction of the output light, so that the light intensity distribution curve of the output light forms a pattern in a coordinate system (a plane rectangular coordinate system or a polar coordinate system), and the interference of surface scattering of the dimming layer is reduced.

Specifically, the dimming layer provided by the invention has the following characteristics: the high-purity volume scattering is provided, the transmission output light can be specifically regulated and controlled, the light intensity distribution curve of the transmission output light meets a specific distribution form, and the light intensity change is soft and smooth. The output light can be more suitable for being watched by human eyes and lenses, is more suitable for being secondarily used as a new input light source, and is particularly suitable for being used as a signal source of an optical system so as to be received and analyzed.

The incident light can also be decorated through the structural layer to this layer of adjusting luminance for the light intensity distribution of emergent light satisfies more diversified demand, thereby realizes the required function of special display application, for example on-vehicle well accuse screen. For example, by the prism structure design of the structural layer, the light splitting processing of incident light can be realized, the light distribution of emergent light is controlled to be in a double-peak form, the emergent light intensity in two directions is stronger, and the visual angle regulation function is realized.

In recent years, liquid crystal touch screens are increasingly applied to automobile center consoles, and touch operations of persons in front and back passenger seats on the center console are more frequent, and the center console is more important for a horizontal viewing angle of certain ± θ (the value of θ depends on the position design of the center console and the seat, and is generally 30-45 °), not only for the visual experience of two persons on two sides, but also for improving the driving safety (as shown in fig. 13). Therefore, a special central control display screen is required to be developed, which can maximize the brightness near ± θ in the horizontal direction and make the picture clearest.

Theoretically, the light intensity distribution of the light emitted from the screen shows a double-peak shape on the horizontal plane (as shown in fig. 12 g), the directions of the two light intensity peaks are bilaterally symmetric (the zenith angle is bilaterally symmetric), and the angle interval between the two directions (the angle interval between the two directions, which refers to the included angle between the rays extending in the two directions) is 2 θ (that is, the angle interval between the zenith angles of the double peaks is 2 θ, which is hereinafter referred to as double-peak angle interval 2 θ). Note that this is the angular interval over which the light intensity peaks are located, and not the angular interval over which 1/2 light intensity peaks are located in the viewing angle concept. Therefore, under such conditions, the viewing angle is actually widened and much larger than 2 θ.

In order to control the light distribution of the emergent light to be in a double-peak form, the invention also provides a light-splitting light-modulating layer, which comprises a light-splitting structure layer and the light-modulating layer, wherein the light-splitting structure layer is attached below the lower surface of the light-modulating layer; the light adjusting layer is internally provided with a light scattering agent which is arranged between the upper surface and the lower surface of the light adjusting layer, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the light adjusting layer are very flat and smooth. The filling rate D' of the light scattering agent in the light adjusting layer is 0.1-0.3, and the particle size D is 0.5-5 μm. The light splitting type dimming layer can control the light distribution of emergent light to be in a double-peak form, the visual angle regulation function is realized, the visual angle can be enlarged when the light splitting type dimming layer is placed on a backlight source with a small visual angle, the direction of peak light intensity can be regulated and controlled, the light splitting type dimming layer is suitable for being applied to a vehicle-mounted central control screen to optimize the viewing experience of a front passenger seat and a back passenger seat, and the light intensity of the central control screen in the direction opposite to the front passenger seat is higher.

Further, the light scattering agent is Polystyrene (PS).

Further, the filling ratio D' of the light scattering agent in the dimming layer is 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3.

Further, the particle size D of the light scattering agent is 1-3 μm.

Further, the particle size D of the light scattering agent is 1-3 μm, 0.5 μm, or 5 μm.

The light splitting structure layer comprises a light splitting structure.

Further, the light splitting structure layer comprises a plurality of light splitting structures.

The light splitting structure layer is formed by seamlessly tiling a light splitting structure on the lower surface of the light adjusting layer.

The light splitting structure is an inverse prism rib. The inverse prism ribs may be the same size or different sizes.

The inverse prism rib is in a strip shape.

The cross section of the inverse prism rib is an inverted isosceles triangle.

The refractive index of the material of the inverse prism rib is 1.4-1.6, and preferably 1.5. Too large a refractive index causes too wide a split (too large a bimodal angular interval 2 θ), and too small a refractive index causes too narrow a split (too small 2 θ).

The vertex angle alpha of the isosceles triangle is 50-70 degrees. If the vertex angle is too small, the split is too wide (2 θ is too large), and if the vertex angle is too large, the split is too narrow (2 θ is too small). Alpha is not preferable, and corresponding matching needs to be carried out according to the requirement of actual 2 theta and the refractive index n.

The vertex angle alpha of the isosceles triangle is 50 degrees, 70 degrees, 56 degrees or 53.5 degrees.

The thickness T of the light modulation layer is 1-50 mu m.

Furthermore, the thickness T of the light modulation layer is 1-25 μm. Further, the thickness T of the light modulation layer is 1 μm, 5 μm, 15 μm, 25 μm, or 50 μm.

The roughness Ra of the upper surface and the lower surface of the light modulation layer is 0.05-0.1 mu m.

The height H of the light splitting structure layer is 5-25 mu m. Further, the height H of the light-splitting structure layer is the height of an isosceles triangle of the cross section of the inverse prism rib.

Further, the height H of the light splitting structure layer is 5-15 mu m. Further, the height H of the light splitting structure layer is 5 μm, 15 μm or 25 μm.

Furthermore, the light-splitting dimming layer can be matched with the high-concentration backlight source, is arranged between the liquid crystal panel and the backlight module and is used for modulating the visual angle of the liquid crystal display screen. The light splitting structure layer plays a role in light splitting, and the dimming layer plays a role in scattering, and the principle is shown in fig. 15a and 15 b.

Furthermore, the light-splitting dimming layer provided by the invention comprises a light-splitting structural layer and a dimming layer, wherein the light-splitting structural layer is arranged below the lower surface of the dimming layer. The thickness T of the light modulation layer is 25 μm, the light modulation layer comprises a transmission medium and a light scattering agent, the lower surface and the upper surface of the light modulation layer, and the light scattering agent is uniformly dispersed in the transmission medium to form a bulk scattering system. The light splitting structure layer is formed by tiling a light splitting structure, the light splitting structure is an inverse prism rib, the height H is 5 mu m, and the vertex angle alpha of an isosceles triangle of the cross section is 53.5 degrees. The light splitting type dimming layer is characterized in that input light directly penetrates through the light splitting structure layer to generate a light splitting effect, the input light enters from the lower surface of the dimming layer, is subjected to volume scattering regulation of the dimming layer and exits from the upper surface to generate output light in two directions. The material of the light modulation layer propagation medium and the light splitting structure is an acrylic resin system in the light curing polymer resin, the refractive index n is 1.5, the light scattering agent is PS (polystyrene), the particle size D is 1-3 mu m, and the filling rate D' in the light modulation layer of the light scattering agent is 0.1. The lower surface and the upper surface of the light adjusting layer are very flat and smooth, and the surface roughness Ra is 0.05-0.1 mu m. The light intensity distribution graph of the output light after the visual angle modulation of the light splitting type light modulation layer is shown in fig. 12g, the light splitting effect is evaluated by a bimodal angle interval 2 theta, and 2 theta is 75 degrees.

The invention also provides a light splitting type light adjusting layer which comprises a base material, wherein the light adjusting layer is arranged on the upper surface of the base material, and the light splitting structure layer is arranged on the lower surface of the base material.

The invention also provides a visual angle modulation component, which comprises the light splitting type light modulation layer.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the light-splitting light-adjusting layer, which comprises the following steps:

(2) preparing the pre-dispersion obtained in the step (1) into a layered body;

(4) Engraving the inverse structure of the light splitting structure layer on a mould to obtain a hard mould with the inverse structure; or carving the positive structure of the light splitting structure layer on the mould, and transferring a soft mould with a reverse structure;

(5) and coating a transparent polymer on the lower surface of the light modulation layer, and forming a light splitting structure layer through hot press molding of a hard mold or ultraviolet molding of a soft mold, thereby obtaining the light splitting type light modulation layer.

Further, the transparent polymer in the step (5) is the same as the propagation medium in the dimming layer.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structures of four typical optical coatings of a conventional optical film;

FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of different surfaces on output light;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional optical path of a dimming layer;

FIG. 4 is an equivalent schematic diagram of the light incident surface/light emitting surface interchange of the light modulation layer;

FIG. 5a is a spherical coordinate system;

FIG. 5b is a representative meridian plane of the spherical coordinate system of FIG. 5 a;

FIG. 6a is a schematic diagram of the optical path of diffuse output light;

FIG. 6b is a schematic diagram of the optical path of normal dispersion output light;

FIG. 7a is a schematic diagram of the optical path of collimated input light;

FIG. 7b is a schematic diagram of the optical path of normally collimated input light;

FIG. 8a is a schematic diagram of the optical path of diffuse input light;

FIG. 8b is a schematic diagram of the optical path of normal diffuse input light;

FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional optical path of a conventional bulk scattering coating;

FIG. 10a is a graph of the intensity distribution of circular output light for different surfaces (polar coordinate system);

FIG. 10b is a graph of the light intensity distribution of the cosine-like output of different surfaces (rectangular coordinates);

FIG. 10c is a graph of light intensity distribution of egg-shaped output light for different surfaces (polar coordinate system);

FIG. 10d is a graph of light intensity distribution of triangular output light for different surfaces (rectangular coordinate system);

FIGS. 11 a-h are the light intensity distribution curves (polar coordinate system) of input light/output light in various forms, respectively;

FIGS. 12 a-h are graphs of light intensity distribution of various input/output lights (rectangular coordinate system), respectively;

FIG. 13 is a schematic top view of a center console and face position of an automobile;

fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light splitting type light modulation layer;

FIG. 15a shows the effect of the light splitting structure layer on the incident light (light entering the light splitting structure layer from bottom to top);

fig. 15b shows the light-splitting and scattering effects of the light-splitting type light-adjusting layer on incident light (light entering the light-splitting structure layer from bottom to top).

Wherein:

00: light emitting surface of input light source

01: input light

02: output light

03: normal line

04: collimating the output light

05: surface scattering output light

06: volume scattering output light

07: several scattering surfaces

081: ideal surface

082: common surface

083: smooth surface

010: input light form

010A: input ray center line (average incident angle direction)

011: input light C0/C180 meridian plane

012: input light C45/C225 meridian plane

013: input light C90/C270 meridian plane

014: input optical C135/C315 meridian plane

015: input light arbitrary

Meridian line

020: output light form

020A: output light center line (average exit angle direction)

021: output light C0/C180 meridian plane

022: output light C45/C225 meridian plane

023: output light C90/C270 meridian plane

024: output light C135/C315 meridian plane

025: output light arbitrarily

Meridian line

1: light modulation layer

101: light incident surface of light modulation layer

102: light emitting surface of light modulation layer

1A: propagation medium for a dimming layer

1B: light scattering agent for dimming layer

1': conventional bulk scattering coatings

101': light incident surface of conventional volume scattering coating

102': light-emitting surface of conventional volume scattering coating

2: light modulation layer

201: lower surface of the light modulation layer

202: upper surface of the light modulation layer

2A: propagation medium for a dimming layer

2B: light scattering agent for dimming layer

3: light splitting structure layer

3A: light splitting structure

4 center console

5 face position

Detailed Description

In order to make the structure and features of the invention easier to understand, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, four typical optical coatings of a conventional optical film: (1) is a diffusion particle layer; (2) a microreplicated structured layer; (3) is a particle-free coating/plating; (4) is a conventional bulk scattering coating. (1) The components (2) and (3) all have certain scattering surfaces 07, but different forms. Furthermore, when collimated light passes through the coating from bottom to top: (1) part of the particles is exposed outside the glue layer, the surface scattering output light 05 is stronger, but part of the particles is embedded in the glue layer, and the volume scattering output light 06 is also generated; (2) the convex part of the structure generates stronger surface scattering output light 05, the bulk scattering output light 06 does not exist, and the amount of the collimation output light 04 is related to the area of the convex surface; (3) because the upper and lower surfaces are parallel to each other, no particle exists in the interior, and collimation cannot be destroyed, only collimated output light 04 is generated; (4) although most of the output light is bulk scattering light 06, some of the bulk scattering light 05 is generated due to the presence of surface irregularities or particles adhering to the surface, and the bulk scattering becomes impure because the predetermined optical path or the predetermined distribution pattern is destroyed as the surface scattering occurs at the last moment when the light exits from the light exit surface.

In order to maintain a predetermined propagation direction or light intensity distribution of the output light to the maximum, it is necessary to control the flatness of the surface. Fig. 2 shows the influence of different surfaces on the output light after the same collimated light is input, as shown in fig. 2,1, an ideal surface 081 has no influence on the output light, and the output light has a predetermined light path direction or light intensity distribution at this time; 2. the common surface 082 has more rugged surface, larger fluctuation and higher surface roughness on the microcosmic surface, and has stronger influence on output light, namely, the propagation direction or the light intensity distribution deviates more from the set value; 3. smooth surface 083 has less unevenness, less fluctuation, less surface roughness and less influence on the output light, i.e. the deviation between the propagation direction or light intensity distribution and the established value is very small. Similarly, the same is true for the influence of the input light, and thus the upper and lower surfaces of the dimming layer need to be smooth enough.

As shown in fig. 3, the light modulation layer 1 provided by the present invention is composed of a propagation medium 1A and a

light scattering agent

1B, 1B is uniformly dispersed in 1A to form a volume scattering system, and input light 01 is emitted from a light emitting surface 00 of an input light source, enters from a light incident surface 101 of the light modulation layer, and is emitted from a light emitting surface 102 of the light modulation layer through volume scattering control of the light modulation layer to generate final output light 02. It is easy to understand that the light emitting surface of the light adjusting layer can be regarded as a new light emitting surface, and the output light emitted therefrom can be regarded as an input light source of another receiving unit.

For an individual, the volume infinitesimal of 1A where a single light scattering agent 1B is located is a particle scatterer, and according to particle scattering theory (such as meter scattering and rayleigh scattering), different 01 wavelengths, refractive index, particle size and shape of 1B (for a system with countless particles, the influence of the shape can be ignored), refractive index of 1A and the like (the size parameters of the wavelength and the particle perimeter commonly used in scattering theory, and the relative refractive index of the particles and the medium) all have a certain influence on the scattered light.

For the light scattering system composed of a plurality of particle scatterers, the light adjusting layer is a comprehensive result of the whole light scattering system acting on all incident light rays (the direction and intensity of the light rays constitute the input light form). In many cases (when the filling rate of 1B in 1A is not particularly high), the dispersed state of each 1B fine particle in 1A is free, the orientation is arbitrary, and the overall effect of the shape is isotropic, so that the effect of irregular shape can be ignored and considered as a sphere approximately. Furthermore, when other conditions are determined, the concentration of the light scattering agent (particle scatterer) affects the probability of the light encountering the light scattering agent per optical path, and the thickness of the light control layer (the number of Z-axis layers of the particle scatterer constituting the XY plane) affects the number of times the light encounters the light scattering agent per optical path from the incidence to the emission, wherein, since the concentration M of the light scattering agent is the number of particles per volume of the medium, it can be indirectly controlled by the particle diameter D (affecting the volume of individual particles) and the filling ratio D' (affecting the total volume of particles per volume of the medium): the particle size, that is, the particle size, can be approximated by V ═ 1/6 × pi × D (1,0) × D (2,1) × D (3,2), and volume quartic average diameter D (4,3) in a laser particle size analyzer, and the average volume of fine particles can be found by referring to number length average diameter D (1,0), length surface area average diameter D (2,1), surface area volume average diameter D (3,2), and the like; the filling rate D 'can be calculated from the volume ratio Rv of the light scattering agent (fine particles) to the propagation medium, D' ═ Rv/(Rv +1), the volume ratio can be calculated from the mass ratio Rm to the density ratio R ρ, Rv ═ Rm/R ρ, the densities of the light scattering agent and the propagation medium are both the densities of the light control layer that are solid after final processing, in particular, if the propagation medium is liquid before processing, the density change at the time of liquid-solid transition thereof needs to be considered; finally, the concentration M of the particles (number of particles/volume of propagation medium) is obtained by dividing the filling rate D' of the particles (i.e. light scattering agent) by the mean volume V of the particles. Further, the ratio of D (3,2)/D (1,0) can be used to estimate the degree of dispersion of the fine particles, and the smaller the particle size, the more monodisperse the particle size, and the larger the particle size, the more polydisperse the particle size.

Therefore, the volume scattering control of the final dimming layer is mainly influenced by the type (white light, blue light, green light, red light, near infrared, etc., and if not specifically noted, all refer to white light herein) and distribution form of the input light, the type of the propagation medium, the type of the light scattering agent, the particle size (average particle size, particle size distribution), the filling rate, the thickness of the entire dimming layer, and other factors.

As shown in fig. 4, since the upper and lower outer surfaces of the dimming layer 1 are very flat and smooth, and the light scattering agent 1B inside the dimming layer is uniformly dispersed in the transmission medium 1A, the single dimming layer can be understood as being symmetrical up and down, and the upper and lower surfaces can be used as the light incident surface 101 or the light emitting surface 102, so that the influence on the output light 02 is the same regardless of whether the input light 01 enters the dimming layer from bottom to top or from top to bottom. Note: for convenience of understanding, in the following drawings, the upper surface will be defined as the light-emitting surface.

As shown in fig. 5a and 5b, the spherical coordinate system is composed of an origin O, three XYZ axes three-dimensionally orthogonal to each other through the origin, and a spherical surface whose origin is a center radius r. As shown in the figure, the positive direction of the XYZ axes is herein defined as the plane of the dimming layer by the circular plane of XY, and the Z axis is the normal direction of the dimming layer, wherein the positive direction of the Z axis is also called the zenith direction, and the plane of XY axes is the equatorial plane. The original point is used as the center of a circle, the Z axis is used as the diameter to form a semicircle, the circular arc is a meridian, the meridian C0 passing through the X positive axis is the original meridian, the semicircle surface can form a sphere by rotating 360 degrees around the Z axis, the meridian on the same plane can form a circle, also called a meridian coil, and the plane where the circle is located is the meridian plane, therefore, any meridian plane in the three-dimensional spherical coordinate is a two-dimensional polar coordinate system. As shown in FIG. 5b, 4 circular planes, i.e., typical meridian planes-C0/C180, C45/C225, C90/C270, C135/C315, can be generated every 45 degrees counterclockwise (viewing the equatorial plane from the zenith direction) from the present initial meridian, and the 4 circular planes are composed of 8 meridian semi-planes two by two. The coordinate of any point P in the spherical coordinate system can be expressed as

The origin O has coordinates of (0,0,0), and the vector OP (or PO) can be used to represent the direction and intensity of the outgoing light OP (or the incoming light PO). For the coordinates of P, where r is the distance of OP represents the light intensity, θ is the zenith angle, i.e. the angle between OP and OZ,

is the azimuth angle, i.e. OP is

The angle difference between the meridian semi-plane and the initial meridian semi-plane,

the value is taken at 0-360 degrees (the positive X axis is 0 degree, and the negative is takenThe hour hand direction is increased, and the angle difference between OP' and the positive X axis on the XY polar coordinates) and theta is taken from 0-180 degrees, and left and right sides are distinguished, so that the angle is set to-180 degrees (if P is on the upper half part, only 0-90 degrees is needed, and left and right sides are distinguished, and the angle is set to-90 degrees). (Note: only one-way propagation is considered here in analyzing the optical path, so that subsequently referred meridian planes or half-planes both show only a half circle or 1/4 circle of their upper half.)

Fig. 6a is a schematic diagram showing the optical path of diffuse output light, and fig. 6b is a schematic diagram showing the optical path of normal diffuse output light. The input light 01 is emitted from the light emitting surface 00 of the input light source, enters from the light incident surface 101 of the dimming layer, is subjected to volume scattering control of the dimming layer, and is emitted from the light emitting surface 102 of the dimming layer, and the final output light 02 is generated. At this time, the output light mode 020 is distributed on the upper half part of the spherical coordinate system of 102, the vector direction of the light is out of plane, and the central line 020A of the output light is on the meridian

On the half plane 025, the average exit angle of the output light, i.e., the zenith angle of 020A, is θ₂In an azimuth of

In particular, when theta₂When the output light centerline 020A coincides with the positive Z axis, it is absent

I.e. normal exit as shown in fig. 6 b. The output light preferably exits normally, i.e. θ₂0, which is beneficial to the receiving unit to simplify the analysis.

Fig. 7a shows a schematic optical path of the collimated input light, and fig. 7b shows a schematic optical path of the normally collimated input light. The input light 01 is emitted from the light emitting surface 00 of the input light source, enters from the light incident surface 101 of the dimming layer, is subjected to volume scattering control of the dimming layer, and is emitted from the light emitting surface 102 of the dimming layer, and the final output light 02 is generated. At this time, the input light form 010 is distributed at the upper half part of the spherical coordinate system of 00, the vector direction of the light is out of the plane, and the input light center line 010A is at the meridian

On the half plane 015, the zenith angle of 010A which is the average incident angle of the input light is θ₁In an azimuth of

In particular, when theta ₁0, the output light centerline 010A coincides with the positive Z axis, which is absent

I.e. normal incidence as shown in fig. 7 b. The input light is preferably normally incident, i.e. θ₁And 0 is favorable for the effective utilization of input light and also indirectly favorable for the simplified analysis of output light.

Fig. 8a is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the diffuse input light, and fig. 8b is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the normal diffuse input light, and the optical paths are the same as those of fig. 7a and 7 b. The input light is preferably normally incident, i.e. θ₁And 0 is favorable for the effective utilization of input light and also indirectly favorable for the simplified analysis of output light.

As shown in fig. 9, for a conventional bulk scattering coating for comparison, the surfaces (light incident surface and light emergent surface) of the conventional bulk scattering coating are not smooth enough.

As shown in fig. 10a/10b/10c/10d, the light intensity distribution curves of the output light in the meridian plane through various forms of different surfaces are shown, wherein 081 in each graph represents a theoretical curve obtained from an ideal surface, 082 represents a test curve actually obtained from a common surface (data from comparative examples 1 and 2), the curve is obtained by the conventional volume scattering coating test shown in fig. 9, 083 represents a test curve actually obtained from a smooth surface (data from examples 1 and 2), the curve is obtained by the dimming layer test shown in fig. 3, the composition of the dimming layers shown in fig. 9 and 3 is the same, and only the smoothness of the light emitting/incident surface is different. Wherein, the output light pattern shown in 10a/10b has a beam angle (note: the beam angle refers to the included angle of 50% peak light intensity) of about 120 °; 10c/10d, the beam angle is about 90 deg.. The distribution curve of the ideal surface 081 is a perfectly smooth curve that can be obtained by a theoretical extrapolation function expression, or by averaging a large number of measurement data and fitting, for example, a perfectly smooth curve of 10a/10 b: the circle is formed in a polar coordinate, the expression rho is 2r multiplied by cos theta, the 2r value is 1 due to normalization, and the theta value is-90 degrees; the cosine is in the rectangular coordinate, the expression y is A multiplied by cos x, due to normalization, A takes a value of 1, and x takes a value of-90 degrees. It can be seen that the curve of the ordinary surface 082 has lower sampling accuracy, stronger fluctuation, more noise and lower signal-to-noise ratio than 081, while the curve of the smooth surface 083 has higher sampling accuracy, weaker fluctuation, less noise and higher signal-to-noise ratio than 081.

Fig. 11a to h and 12a to h show the comparison between the light intensity distribution curves and the beam angles of the input/output lights with different shapes, wherein fig. 11 is a polar coordinate system, fig. 12 is a rectangular coordinate system, and table 1 lists the specific patterns and the corresponding beam angle ranges of these curves. In general, most of them can be regarded as single beams, g and h are dual beams, and certainly, more beams can be realized by the combination of the shapes listed in a-h, which is not described herein again, but does not affect the protection scope of the present invention. In the present invention, a to e are approximate patterns defined by the number of beams and beam angles, and the variation range of the beam angle is the approximate variation range of the pattern.

TABLE 1 comparison table of light intensity distribution curves and beam angles of input/output lights in different forms

Note 1: coordinate system codes 11, 12, shape codes a-h, e.g. a circle may be denoted 11d and a triangle may be denoted 12 c.

Note 2: OD-peaks refer to Overlapped double peaks, SD-peaks refer to Separated double peaks, and when the light intensity of the trough is higher than 50% of the light intensity of the peak, the Overlapped light intensity is considered, and when the light intensity of the trough is lower than the light intensity of the peak, the Separated light intensity is considered. The SD-beams refers to Separated double beams, and the present invention does not require a bivalve interval, but typical examples of the equi-spaced 360 ° distribution include a rose curve, where a polar coordinate function is ρ ═ sin (k × θ) or ρ ═ cos (k × θ), k is the number of light beams, k is k petals if k is an odd number, and 2k petals if k is an even number. When the beams are separated, the beam angle should be expressed as the beam angle of 2 single waves.

Comparative example 1

As shown in fig. 9, a conventional bulk scattering coating 1 ' for comparison has a thickness T of 50 μm, and includes a propagation medium 1A and a light scattering agent 1B, a light incident surface 101 ', a light emitting surface 102 ', and 1B are uniformly dispersed in 1A to form a bulk scattering system, and input light 01 is emitted from a light emitting surface 00 of an input light source, is emitted from the light incident surface 101 ', and is emitted from the light emitting surface 102 ' through bulk scattering control of the conventional bulk scattering coating to generate final output light 02. Wherein 1A is an acrylic system in the photo-curing polymer resin, 1B is polystyrene particles in a polymer particle system, the polystyrene particles are polydisperse, the particle size is 1-3 mu m, and the filling rate D' of a bulk scattering system is 0.4. The light incident surface 101 'and the light emitting surface 102' belong to a common surface 082, and the surface roughness Ra is 0.5-1 μm. The input light 01 is spatially axisymmetric in form, θ₁Normal incidence, fusiform in any meridian plane as shown by curve 082 in fig. 11 a/spiky as shown by curve 082 in fig. 12a, and beam angle Φ₁10 deg.. The output light 02 has a spatially axisymmetric form, θ₂0 ° and normal exit, a shape on any meridian plane being an approximate circle as shown by the curve 082 in fig. 11 d/a cosine as shown by the curve 082 in fig. 12d, and a beam angle Φ₂＝117°。

Comparative example 2

The conventional bulk scattering coating as provided in comparative example 1, the fill ratio D' was 0.2, the output light 02 had an approximately egg-shaped morphology as shown by curve 082 in fig. 11 c/a triangular morphology as shown by curve 082 in fig. 12c, and a beam angle Φ₂＝88°。

Example 1

As shown in FIG. 3, the light modulation layer 1 of the present invention has a thickness T of 50 μm, includes a propagation medium 1A and a light scattering agent 1B, and has a light incident surface 101, a light emitting surface 102, and a light scattering agent 1B uniformly dispersed in the propagation medium 1A to constitute a volume scattering system, and an input light 01 is emitted from a light emitting surface 00 of an input light source, enters from the light incident surface 101, and is modulated by volume scattering through the light modulation layerAnd is emitted from the light emitting surface 102 to generate the final output light 02. Wherein 1A is an acrylic resin system in the photo-curing polymer resin, 1B is polystyrene particles in a polymer particle system, the polystyrene particles are polydisperse, the particle size is 1-3 mu m, and the filling rate D' of a bulk scattering system is 0.4. The light incident surface 101 and the light emitting surface 102 are very flat and smooth, and the surface roughness Ra is 0.05-0.1 μm. The input light 01 is spatially axisymmetric in form, θ₁At 0 °, normal incidence, a fusiform pattern on any meridian plane as shown by curve 083 in fig. 11 a/spike pattern as shown by curve 083 in fig. 12a, and a beam angle Φ₁10 deg.. The output light 02 has a spatially axisymmetric form, θ₂0 ° and normal exit, the shape on any meridian plane is an approximate circle as shown by curve 083 in fig. 11 d/cosine as shown by curve 083 in fig. 12d, and the beam angle Φ₂＝120°。

Example 2

The light-adjusting layer 1 provided in embodiment 1 has the filling rate D' of 0.2, the output light 02 has an approximately egg-shaped form as shown by the curve 083 in fig. 11 c/a triangular form as shown by the curve 083 in fig. 12c, and the beam angle Φ₂＝90°。

Examples 3 to 15

The dimming layer 1 as provided in example 1, the parameters are listed in table 3.

In fact, the combination of the propagation medium and the light scattering agent in the dispersion is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments for the same control of the input light and the output light, and various changes can be made according to the optical characteristics (refractive index, extinction coefficient) of the propagation medium and the light scattering agent, such as the corresponding changes of the coating thickness, filling ratio, particle size distribution, and the like. For the same embodiment, the regulation and control combination of the input light and the output light is not limited to the above embodiment, and different regulation and control combinations can be obtained by changing the input light.

It should be noted that the collocation of the specific light scattering agent and the propagation medium may have different effects, and at least 2 propagation media or at least 2 light scattering agents may be compounded according to the actual regulation and control requirements, and the collocation type and proportion are not limited in the present invention. In addition, the optical properties of the propagation medium are relatively close, and the difference between the optical properties of the polymer particles and the inorganic particles is large, so that the influence on the optical properties is usually considered when the particles are compounded, and the influence on other mechanical properties, surface properties, processability, compatibility and weather resistance is usually considered when the resin is compounded. The resin compounding ratio of the propagation medium is generally 100/1-1/100, and the compounding ratio of the light scattering agent polymer particles and the inorganic particles is generally 100/1-5/1.

The performance of the dimming layer provided by the present invention was evaluated in the following manner.

(A) Regulating effect of volume scattering

The adjustment effect of the volume scattering is evaluated by the form change of input light/output light, and a variable angle photometer or a space distribution photometer can be adopted to measure the light intensity distribution on a meridian plane. Dispersive forms of the input light source are particularly asymmetric spaces, and spatially distributed photometers such as the remote GO series are proposed. For collimated light of various wavelengths, a variable angle photometer such as Agilent Cary5000/7000 equipped with Universal Measurement Attachment (UMA) is proposed. The measured light intensity distribution data needs to be normalized by peak light intensity, the influence of fluctuation of absolute values of light intensity caused by the stability of the intensity of an input light source and the stability of detection equipment is removed, and only the form, namely the relative value, is considered.

(B) Accuracy of adjustment of volume scattering

For the adjustment accuracy of the volume scattering (represented as the smoothness of the light intensity distribution curve on the graph), the sampling accuracy of the output light intensity curve, that is, the stability of the data, is used for evaluation, multiple times of sampling are performed to obtain the multi-angle average normalized standard deviation NSD (normalized standard deviation), and for a specific distribution curve with a theoretically known true value, the mean square error MSE can also be used. In data processing, because the peak light intensity of a specific angle is normalized, and the error of the test data of a low elevation angle of 0-20 degrees (namely theta is 90-70 degrees) is larger, other angles are selected when the standard deviation is calculated. According to the NSD, the invention divides the regulation and control precision into 6 grades, and the corresponding relations are as follows: very high- (0, 0.001), high- (0.001, 0.005), higher- (0.005, 0.01), lower- (0.01, 0.05), low- (0.05, 0.1), and very low- (0.1, 0.5).

The adjustment accuracy of the dimming layer is graphically represented as the smoothness of the light intensity distribution curve, and the smoother the curve, the higher the adjustment accuracy of the dimming layer. The lower the surface roughness, the higher the control accuracy. Ra is 100-250 nm, and the regulation and control precision is high; ra is 50-100 nm, and the regulation and control precision is high; ra is less than 50nm, and the regulation and control precision is extremely high.

TABLE 2 comparison of the Performance of comparative examples 1, 2 with examples 1, 2 at the same input light

Note 1: t is the thickness of the bulk scattering coating/dimming layer in μm; d' is filling rate and has no dimension unit; ra is surface roughness in μm; a is a material of a propagation medium, S is a solidification mode of the propagation medium, PB is polymer particles, IB is inorganic particles, D is a particle size with a unit of μm and theta₁And theta₂Respectively, the average incident angle of the input light and the average exit angle of the output light, in^°，Φ₁And phi₂The beam angles of the input light and the output light, respectively, are given in^°。

Note 2: n is a radical of_AIndicating that there is no corresponding feature pattern.

Note 3: when the input light is collimated light, the beam angle is marked as 0 degrees, no morphological code is provided, and collimation is directly marked.

As shown in table 2, comparing comparative examples 1 and 2 with examples 1 and 2, it is understood that when Ra is increased without changing other conditions, the control accuracy is lowered, and if the accuracy of the light intensity data of the proper peak intensity or the critical angle is poor, Φ is caused₂Inaccurate and large error.

TABLE 3 comparison of the Properties of examples 3-15 under collimated input light

Notes 1 to 3 are as in Table 2

As shown in Table 3, it is understood that in comparative examples 3 to 7, 8 to 9, and 10 to 11, when T is increased without changing other conditions, the volume scattering effect is enhanced, and Φ is₂Becomes larger. Comparing example 6 with examples 12 and 13, it is understood that when the other conditions are not changed and D' is increased, the volume scattering effect is enhanced and Φ is₂Becomes larger. Comparing example 10 with examples 14 and 15, it is understood that when D is decreased without changing other conditions, the particle concentration M is increased, the bulk scattering effect is enhanced, and Φ is₂Becomes larger.

Examples 16 to 31

The dimming layer 1 as provided in example 1, the parameters are listed in table 4.

TABLE 4 comparison of the Properties of examples 16-31 under different forms of input light

Notes 1 to 3 are as in Table 2

As shown in Table 4, it can be seen from comparative examples 16 to 19 that the input light Φ for a specific light control layer is not changed under other conditions₁When the volume becomes large (in this case, the input light form gradually changes from a to c), the bulk scattering effect becomes strong, and Φ₂Becomes larger (in this case, the output light form gradually changes from b to d). Comparative examples 20 to 28It is known that, for a specific dimming layer, when D' is large enough and the optical properties of the light scattering agent and the propagation medium are reasonably matched, the normal incident collimated input light and other normal incident lights can generate the form D. It is understood from comparative examples 29 to 31 that when the normal input light is not axisymmetric, the symmetry of the output light may be the same as that of the input light, or may be higher than that of the input light, and particularly, when D' is sufficiently large, the bulk scattering effect is enhanced and the symmetry is improved.

Examples 32 to 44

The dimming layer 1 as provided in example 1, the parameters are listed in table 5.

TABLE 5 comparison of the Properties of examples 32-44 at different incident angles of the input light

Notes 1 to 3 are as in Table 2

As shown in table 5, it can be seen from comparing examples 32 to 37 and 38 to 43 that, when D' of a specific dimming layer is large enough and the optical properties of the light scattering agent and the propagation medium are reasonably matched, the form D can be generated by changing the incident angle regardless of the collimated incident light or the diffused incident light. Comparing examples 41 and 44, it is found that when D' is not large enough, the beam angle is still increased when the input light is not normally incident due to insufficient bulk scattering effect, but the symmetry of the output light is often lower than that of the input light.

Examples 45 to 58

The dimming layer 1 as provided in example 1, the parameters are listed in table 6.

TABLE 6 comparison of the Performance of examples 45-58 at normal axisymmetric collimated input light

Notes 1 to 3 are as in Table 2

Note 4: when the polymer is a complex, it may be mixed or copolymerized. When the particles are compounded, only mixing is performed.

Note 5: the compounding ratio of the resin is generally 100/1-1/100. The PB/IB compounding ratio is generally 100/1-5/1, and a single type is represented by 1/0.

Note 6: different input lights are collimated lights, the space is axisymmetric, and theta₁At 0 deg., normal incidence. The output light is spatially axisymmetric and exits in the normal direction.

As shown in Table 6, it is understood from comparative examples 45 to 47 that when the optical characteristics of the two propagation media are close to each other, the control effect is hardly affected if the light scattering agent is not changed, regardless of the change in the ratio. It can be seen from comparison of examples 45 and 48 to 54 that the combination of the comprehensive optical properties of the propagation medium combination and the comprehensive optical properties of the particle combination affects the control effect. As can be seen from comparison of examples 55 to 58, the inorganic particles have a particle size generally smaller than that of the polymer particles and a higher concentration per unit volume, and thus the increase in the ratio of the inorganic particles can rapidly enhance the volume scattering and provide a better control effect.

Examples 59 to 66

The dimming layer 1 as provided in example 1, the parameters are listed in table 7.

TABLE 7 comparison of Performance of examples 59-66 of different wavelength Normal axisymmetric collimated light

Notes 1 to 3 are as in Table 2

Note 4: the input lights with different wavelengths are collimated lights, the space is axisymmetric, and theta₁At 0 deg., normal incidence. The output light is spatially axisymmetric and exits in the normal direction.

As shown in Table 7, ratioAs can be seen from examples 59-66, when light with the same shape but different wavelengths passes through the same light modulation layer, the intensity of bulk scattering may not be the same, and the difference is relatively small in the Mi scattering region (as in examples 59-62), but the difference is large in the Rayleigh scattering region (as in examples 63-66), because the intensity of bulk scattering in this region is inversely proportional to the 4 th power of the wavelength, the shape change of the long wave to the output light is less, and for phi, the shape change is smaller₂The magnitude of the boost is smaller. Based on the principle, the light modulation layer can also realize volume scattering regulation and control of wavelength differentiation as long as the formula is proper.

Example 67

As shown in fig. 14, the light splitting type light modulation layer provided by the present invention includes a light splitting structure layer 3 and a light modulation layer 2, wherein the light splitting structure layer 3 is disposed below the lower surface of the light modulation layer 2. The thickness T of the light modulation layer 2 is 25 μm, and the light modulation layer includes a propagation medium 2A and a light scattering agent 2B, and the lower surface 201 and the

upper surfaces

202 and 2B are uniformly dispersed in the propagation medium 2A to constitute a bulk scattering system. The light splitting structure layer 3 is formed by tiling a light splitting structure 3A, the light splitting structure is an inverse prism rib, the height H is 5 mu m, and the vertex angle alpha of an isosceles triangle of the cross section is 53.5 degrees. In the light splitting type dimming layer, input light 01 directly passes through the light splitting structure layer 3 and generates a light splitting effect, enters from the lower surface 201 of the dimming layer 2, is regulated by volume scattering of the dimming layer, and exits from the upper surface 202 to generate output light 02 in two directions. Wherein the

materials

2A and 3A are both an acrylic resin system in the photo-curing polymer resin, the refractive index n is 1.5, the light scattering agent 2B is PS, the particle size D is 1-3 μm, and the filling rate D' in the light scattering agent dimming layer is 0.1. The lower surface 201 and the upper surface 202 are very flat and smooth, and the surface roughness Ra is 0.05-0.1 μm. The light intensity distribution graph of the output light after the visual angle modulation of the light splitting type light modulation layer is shown in fig. 12g, the light splitting effect is evaluated by a bimodal angle interval 2 theta, and 2 theta is 75 degrees.

Examples 68 to 82

The light-splitting light-modulating layer provided in example 67 was made of the same materials as in example 67, and the parameters, the light-splitting structure layer, and the light-splitting effect were as listed in table 8.

TABLE 8 comparison of the properties of examples 67-82

Note 1: t is the thickness of the light modulation layer and the unit of mum; d' is filling rate and has no dimension unit; ra is surface roughness in μm; PB is polymer particles, IB is inorganic particles, and D is particle size with unit of mu m; n is the refractive index of the light modulation layer propagation medium and the light splitting structure layer, and is a dimensionless unit; h is the thickness of the light splitting structure layer and the unit of the thickness is mum; alpha is the vertex angle of the isosceles triangle of the cross section of the light splitting structure^°(ii) a 2 θ is the angular interval of the output light doublet, in^°；

As shown in table 8, it can be seen from comparing examples 67 to 74 that as T, D ' and D are increased, the scattering effect of the light modulation layer is increased, the light splitting effect 2 θ is slightly reduced, the two peaks are slightly close to each other, and there is more overlap, and when T, D ' and D are decreased, the effect is opposite, especially when examples 74, T, D ' and D are all minimum, the light splitting effect 2 θ is closest to the angle interval of the two peaks generated by the pure light splitting structure layer. In comparative examples 67, 75 and 76, the height H of the light splitting structure has no influence on the light splitting effect, but the vertex angle α has a great influence on the light splitting effect: in comparative examples 77 to 79, when the apex angle was fixed at 56 °, the refractive index was changed from 1.4 to 1.6, and the 2 θ was changed from 60 ° to 90 °; in comparative examples 76 and 77, when the refractive index was fixed at 1.5, the apex angle was changed from 53.5 ° to 56 °, and 2 θ was changed from 75 ° to 74 °. Examples 80 to 82 are three special combinations, examples 80 and 81 are upper limit (70 °) and lower limit (50 °) of the vertex angle α, and examples 81 and 82 are upper limit (50 °) and lower limit (100 °) of 2 θ.

It should be understood that the present invention does not include the modification of the light modulation layer, but the modification does not affect the protection scope of the present invention, and the modifications are fully disclosed in the embodiments 1 to 66.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the disclosure of the present invention are covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dimming layer is characterized in that the dimming layer is provided with a light incident surface and a light emergent surface; the light adjusting layer is internally provided with a light scattering agent which is arranged between the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the light adjusting layer; the light incident surface is a smooth plane, and the light emergent surface is a smooth plane; the surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface is less than or equal to 250nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface is less than or equal to 250 nm; the filling rate D' of the light scattering agent in the dimming layer is 0.0001-0.95; the thickness T of the light modulation layer is 0.5-5000 μm.

2. The dimming layer of claim 1, comprising a propagation medium and a light scattering agent dispersed in the propagation medium within the dimming layer; the surface roughness Ra of income plain noodles is <250nm, the surface roughness Ra of going out the plain noodles is <250 nm.

3. The light-adjusting layer of claim 2, wherein the surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface is less than 100nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface is less than 100 nm.

4. A dimming layer according to claim 2, wherein the propagation medium is selected from polymer resins.

5. The light-adjusting layer of claim 2, wherein the surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface is less than 50nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface is less than 50 nm.

6. The dimming layer of claim 1, wherein the light scattering agent is selected from one or a combination of at least two of polymer particles or inorganic particles; the filling rate D' of the light scattering agent in the light adjusting layer is 0.1-0.4.

7. The dimming layer of claim 1, wherein the filling rate D' of the light scattering agent in the dimming layer is 0.1-0.3.

8. A dimming layer according to claim 7, wherein the light scattering agent has a particle size of 0.5-5 μm.

9. A light-splitting light modulation layer comprising a light modulation layer according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and a light modulation structure layer attached below a lower surface of the light modulation layer.

10. The light splitting and dimming layer of claim 9, wherein the light splitting structure layer comprises a light splitting structure.

11. The light splitting and dimming layer according to claim 9, wherein the light splitting structure layer is formed by seamlessly tiling the light splitting structure on the lower surface of the dimming layer.

12. A spectroscopic light modulation layer according to claim 10 or 11 wherein the spectroscopic structure is an inverse prism rib.

13. The light-splitting dimming layer of claim 12, wherein the cross-section of the inverse prism rib is an inverted isosceles triangle.

14. The light-splitting light-modulating layer according to claim 13, wherein a refractive index of a material of the inverse prism rib is 1.4 to 1.6.

15. The light-splitting light-adjusting layer according to claim 13, wherein the vertex angle α of the isosceles triangle is 50-70%^o。

16. A spectroscopic light modulation layer according to claim 9, wherein the thickness T of the light modulation layer is 1 to 50 μm.

17. A light splitting and light modulating layer according to claim 9, wherein the height H of the light splitting structure layer is 5 to 25 μm.

18. A light splitting light modulation layer according to claim 9, further comprising a substrate, wherein the light modulation layer is disposed on the upper surface of the substrate, and the light splitting structure layer is disposed on the lower surface of the substrate.

19. A viewing angle modulating section comprising the light splitting type light modulating layer according to any one of claims 9 to 17.