CN111976149A - A kind of friction lap welding method of aluminum alloy and ABS material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a friction lap welding method for an aluminum alloy and an ABS material, which includes a preliminary treatment process, a friction lap welding clamping process and a friction lap welding process; wherein, the friction lap welding clamping process refers to: The alloy sheet and the ABS resin sheet are lapped and clamped on the welding tool worktable fixture; the welding tool is a friction stir welding equipment with a needleless welding stirring head; the friction lap welding process refers to: starting the welding tool, adjusting the welding tool The main shaft makes the needleless welding stirring head perpendicular to the aluminum alloy sheet, and the needleless welding stirring head is rotated and pressed into the aluminum alloy sheet until the set pressing depth is reached; It moves in the welding area on the surface of the aluminum alloy sheet at a constant feed speed in a rotating state. The method can realize welding between the aluminum alloy and the ABS material, the parameter setting is simple, the operation is convenient, and the quality of the welded joint is good.

Description

A kind of friction lap welding method of aluminum alloy and ABS material

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of welding, and more particularly, to a friction lap welding method of an aluminum alloy and an ABS material.

Background technique

Butadiene-acrylonitrile-styrene ((C8H8·C4H6·C3H3N)x) is abbreviated as ABS. It is an amorphous resin material with a melting point of 170°C and a thermal decomposition temperature of 260°C. It has high mechanical strength and good comprehensive properties. performance, belonging to "general purpose plastics". ABS is easy to absorb moisture, low shrinkage, dimensionally stable, easy to process and form, has good processing performance, high smoothness, low cost, and the balance between properties determines the broad application prospects of ABS. As an alloy, aluminum alloy has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, not easy to oxidize and easy to form, and has important applications in automobile, aerospace and other fields.

Thermoplastic resin-lightweight metal composite structures are increasingly used in the automotive, aerospace and electronics industries for their high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, thermal and electrical insulation properties, and design flexibility, Therefore, this structure is very attractive. However, direct connection of thermoplastic resins and metals is difficult because their chemical and physical properties are very different.

Adhesion and mechanical fastening are traditional processes for joining thermoplastic resin materials to metals. However, these techniques bring disadvantages such as environmental pollution, long processing time, insufficient joint strength, and stress concentration. Laser welding and electron beam welding are fusion welding, prone to pores, cracks, segregation and brittle phases. The brazing filler metal needs to be specially developed, and the strength of the joint is affected by the filler metal, the strength is low, and it cannot be used in high temperature environments. Solid phase diffusion welding has long welding time and low production efficiency, and the formation of brittle phase is greatly affected by welding temperature and time. Friction spot welding of thermoplastic resins and metals has also been studied in recent years, but the parameters are complicated to set during the implementation process, and the welded joints of friction spot welding are also limited by size and shape.

Therefore, it is urgent to design a method that can realize the welding of aluminum alloy and ABS resin material, with simple parameter setting, convenient operation and good quality of welded joints.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a friction lap welding method for an aluminum alloy and an ABS material; the method can realize welding between the aluminum alloy and the ABS material, with simple parameter setting and convenient operation. , the quality of welded joints is good.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical solutions: a method for friction lap welding of aluminum alloy and ABS material, characterized in that: comprising the pretreatment process, the friction lap welding clamping process and the friction lap welding process performed in turn. Welding process; of which,

The pre-treatment process refers to: respectively pre-processing the aluminum alloy sheet and the ABS resin sheet to match the specifications and shapes of the aluminum alloy sheet and the ABS resin sheet; removing the oxide layer on the welding surface of the aluminum alloy sheet; ABS resin sheet for cleaning and drying;

The friction lap welding clamping process refers to: lap and clamp the aluminum alloy plate and the ABS resin plate on the welding tool worktable fixture; wherein the aluminum alloy plate is located above, and the ABS resin plate is located below; the welding tool is Friction stir welding equipment with needleless welding head;

The friction lap welding process refers to: starting the welding tool, adjusting the main shaft of the welding tool so that the needleless welding stirring head is perpendicular to the aluminum alloy sheet, and the needleless welding stirring head is rotated and pressed into the aluminum alloy sheet until the needleless welding stirring is carried out. The bottom end of the shaft shoulder of the head is pressed into the surface of the aluminum alloy sheet to reach the set pressing depth; after that, the needleless welding stirring head maintains the set pressing depth, and the welding area on the surface of the aluminum alloy sheet is rotated at a constant feed speed. Move, transfer heat from the surface of the heated aluminum alloy sheet to the lap of the ABS resin sheet and the aluminum alloy sheet, the ABS resin sheet forms a narrow melting area, and the melted ABS resin solidifies under the pressure generated by the contact with the aluminum alloy sheet , in order to realize the welding between aluminum alloy sheet and ABS resin sheet.

The friction lap welding method of the present invention can be implemented by friction stir welding equipment, and the heat energy is generated by the friction between the welding stirring head and the surface of the aluminum alloy plate, and the reusable welding stirring head is pressed into the surface of the aluminum alloy plate and along the aluminum alloy plate and the ABS resin. The overlapping areas of the sheets move, applying pressure to the joining interface while heating the joining material. The welding stirring head of the friction stir welding equipment is provided with a stirring probe to help the material flow. The welding stirring head of the friction lap welding of the present invention is not provided with a stirring probe, and adopts a needleless welding stirring head.

In the present invention, heat is transferred from the surface of the heated aluminum alloy sheet to the lap joint of the ABS resin sheet and the aluminum alloy sheet, the ABS resin sheet forms a narrow melting area, and the melted ABS resin is under the pressure generated by the contact with the aluminum alloy sheet. Solidification to achieve welding between aluminum alloy sheet and ABS resin sheet. Therefore, the present invention can form a high-strength welded joint without causing any damage to the basic material, welding equipment and the design of the joint geometry, and at the same time requires less parameters to be set, does not pollute the environment, and has broad application prospects.

Preferably, in the clamping process before friction lap welding, the lap width of the aluminum alloy sheet and the ABS resin sheet ranges from 5 to 100 mm.

Preferably, in the friction lap welding process, the rotational speed of the welding stirring head is set in the range of 800-5000 rpm, the pressing depth is set in the range of 0.1-1 mm, and the constant feed speed in the range of 50-5000 rpm. 600mm/min.

The set pressing depth of the welding stirring head is 0.1~1mm, which not only ensures the stability of welding during the welding process, but also enhances the conduction of heat, which is beneficial to the rapid melting of ABS resin materials and improves the welding quality.

The constant feed speed is set at 50-600mm/min, which solves the problem that the gap between the melting point and the decomposition temperature of the ABS resin material is small, resulting in a small processing temperature window, and the welding interface temperature during the welding process is maintained at the melting point and decomposition temperature of the ABS resin material. Between the temperatures, it not only avoids the thermal decomposition of the ABS resin material due to the high welding temperature, resulting in bubbles and holes that damage the strength of the welded joint, but also avoids the welding failure due to the low welding temperature and the inability of the ABS resin material to melt.

Preferably, the environmental conditions of the friction lap welding are as follows: the ambient temperature is kept at 25-35° C., and the humidity is kept at 35%-45%; the material of the needleless welding stirring head is H13 steel, and the diameter of the shaft shoulder is within the range of 5 to 30mm.

Preferably, a welding effect evaluation process is also included; the welding effect evaluation process refers to: evaluating the quality of the welded joint formed by friction lap welding.

Preferably, in the welding effect evaluation process, the quality evaluation method refers to: recording the temperature data of the welding interface between the aluminum alloy sheet and the ABS resin sheet during the friction lap welding process; after the friction lap welding process, intercepting part of the welding process The joint samples were prepared and subjected to the mechanical tensile shear test; in addition, the welded joint samples were intercepted for cold mounting of the samples, followed by grinding and polishing, and the microstructure evaluation of the welded joints was carried out.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. The present invention utilizes the existing friction stir welding equipment to realize the friction lap welding operation of aluminum alloy and ABS resin material by simply replacing the welding stirring head. The welding device is simple, the welding setting parameters are few, and the welding environment requirements are relatively low. Low, greatly reducing the welding investment, while improving the welding efficiency;

2. The invention solves the problem that the ABS resin material is easily decomposed by heat to generate bubbles and holes during friction welding, thereby reducing the quality of the welded joints; while ensuring the welding efficiency, the generation of bubbles and holes in the welded joints is greatly reduced, and a higher High-quality aluminum alloy and ABS welded joints;

3. The friction lap welding of the present invention belongs to low temperature welding technology. Under reasonable parameters, a large number of air bubbles will not be generated at the welding seam due to excessive temperature, which will affect the strength of the welded joint; at the same time, the welding temperature is low, so that the damage to the welding material is small. , while obtaining beautiful welded joints, it will not cause any pollution to the environment.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the friction lap welding method of aluminum alloy of the present invention and ABS material;

Fig. 2 is the process schematic diagram of embodiment two aluminum alloy and ABS material friction lap welding method;

Fig. 3 is the sample preparation schematic diagram of the mechanical tensile shear test sample made by the friction lap welding method of embodiment two aluminum alloy and ABS material;

Fig. 4 is the scanning electron microscope picture of the welding joint cross-section of embodiment two aluminum alloy and ABS material friction lap welding method;

5 is a scanning electron microscope view of a cross-section of a welded joint of the friction lap welding method between an aluminum alloy and an ABS material in Example 3. FIG.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Example 1

In this embodiment, a friction lap welding method for an aluminum alloy and an ABS material, as shown in FIG. 1 , includes a pre-treatment process, a friction lap welding clamping process, and a friction lap welding process that are performed in sequence.

The pre-treatment process refers to: respectively pre-processing the aluminum alloy sheet and the ABS resin sheet to match the specifications and shapes of the aluminum alloy sheet and the ABS resin sheet; removing the oxide layer on the welding surface of the aluminum alloy sheet; ABS resin sheet for cleaning and drying.

The friction lap welding clamping process refers to: lap and clamp the aluminum alloy plate and the ABS resin plate on the welding tool worktable fixture; wherein the aluminum alloy plate is located above, and the ABS resin plate is located below; the welding tool is Friction stir welding equipment with needleless welding head. The overlap width of the aluminum alloy sheet and the ABS resin sheet ranges from 5 to 100 mm.

The friction lap welding process refers to: starting the welding tool, adjusting the main shaft of the welding tool so that the needleless welding stirring head is perpendicular to the aluminum alloy sheet, the needleless welding stirring head is rotated and pressed into the aluminum alloy sheet, and the welding stirring head is set. The rotation speed range is 800～5000rpm, until the bottom end of the shaft shoulder of the needleless welding stirring head is pressed into the surface of the aluminum alloy sheet to reach the set pressing depth; the value range of the set pressing depth is 0.1～1mm; after that, there is no needle The type welding stirring head maintains the set pressing depth and moves in the welding area on the surface of the aluminum alloy sheet at a constant feed speed in a rotating state. The surface of the aluminum alloy sheet is transferred to the lap joint of the ABS resin sheet and the aluminum alloy sheet, and the ABS resin sheet forms a narrow melting area. Welding between resin sheets.

The set pressing depth of the welding stirring head is 0.1~1mm, which not only ensures the stability of welding during the welding process, but also enhances the conduction of heat, which is beneficial to the rapid melting of ABS resin materials and improves the welding quality.

The constant feed speed is set at 50-600mm/min, which solves the problem that the gap between the melting point and the decomposition temperature of the ABS resin material is small, resulting in a small processing temperature window, and the welding interface temperature during the welding process is maintained at the melting point and decomposition temperature of the ABS resin material. Between the temperatures, it not only avoids the thermal decomposition of the ABS resin material due to the high welding temperature, resulting in bubbles and holes that damage the strength of the welded joint, but also avoids the welding failure due to the low welding temperature and the inability of the ABS resin material to melt.

The environmental conditions of friction lap welding are as follows: the ambient temperature is kept at 25-35°C, and the humidity is kept at 35%-45%; the material of the needleless welding stirring head is H13 steel, and the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 5-30mm.

Preferably, a welding effect evaluation process is also included; the welding effect evaluation process refers to: evaluating the quality of the welded joint formed by friction lap welding.

The quality assessment method refers to: record the temperature data of the welding interface between the aluminum alloy sheet and the ABS resin sheet during the friction lap welding process; after the friction lap welding process, cut off some welded joint samples to prepare samples, and conduct a mechanical tensile shear test. ; In addition, the welded joint samples were intercepted for cold mounting of the samples, followed by grinding and polishing, and the microstructure evaluation of the welded joints was carried out.

Embodiment 2

In this embodiment, a friction lap welding method of an aluminum alloy and an ABS material is described by taking the welding of a 6061-T6 type aluminum alloy plate and an ABS resin plate as an example, as shown in FIG. 2 .

Pre-treatment process: The aluminum alloy plate and ABS plate are of 300mm×100mm×2mm specifications, and the aluminum alloy plate is ground and polished with 400-2000-grit sandpaper to remove the surface oxide layer and impurities. Use alcohol to clean the surface of aluminum alloy plate and ABS resin plate, remove oil stains and other stains and dry.

Friction lap welding clamping process: the aluminum alloy sheet and the ABS resin sheet are lapped and clamped on the welding table fixture; the aluminum alloy sheet is located above, and the ABS resin sheet is located below; the width of the overlap area is 30mm; The tool is a friction stir welding equipment with a needleless welding head;

Friction lap welding process: the welding environment temperature is kept at 25~35℃, the humidity is 35%~45%, the material of the needleless welding stirring head is H13 steel, and the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 13mm. Adjust the main shaft of the welding tool to be perpendicular to the worktable, start the main shaft of the welding tool to make the needleless welding mixer rotate at a speed of 2000rpm, and then control the needleless welding mixer to press into the workpiece to be welded while rotating, and the pressing depth reaches 0.7mm. Turn on the feed switch of the spindle, set the constant feed speed to 300mm/min, and keep the pressing depth of the needleless welding stirrer at 0.7mm until the welding is completed.

Welding effect evaluation process: Cut out part of the welded joint samples for mechanical tensile shear test; another part of the welded joint samples are cut out for cold inlaying of the samples, and after grinding and polishing with an automatic grinder, optical microscopes, scanning electron microscopes, transmission Electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, etc. to observe and analyze the microstructure of the cross-section.

The samples subjected to the mechanical test were processed into strips with a width of 15 mm and perpendicular to the welding direction. Figure 3 shows the schematic diagram of the mechanical sample preparation. The tensile shear test was carried out using an electronic universal testing machine. The load of the universal testing machine was 50KN and the tensile speed of the chuck was 0.5mm/min. The results showed that the maximum load of the joint was 0.734KN, and the sample broke at the ABS resin sheet. Scanning electron microscope observation was carried out on the cold inlaid sample. The scanning electron microscope image of the cross-section of the welded joint is shown in Figure 4. From top to bottom, the ABS layer, the ABS melted layer and the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy layer are respectively. Defects such as bubbles and holes were not observed in the ABS melted layer and the ABS layer, and the quality of the welded joints was good.

Embodiment 3

In this embodiment, a friction lap welding method for an aluminum alloy and an ABS material is described by taking the welding of a 6061-T6 type aluminum alloy plate and an ABS resin plate as an example. The difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that in the friction lap welding process of this embodiment, the constant feed speed is set to 600 mm/min, and the rest of the steps are the same as those of the second embodiment.

In the welding effect evaluation process, an electronic universal testing machine was used to conduct a tensile shear test. The load of the universal testing machine was 50KN, and the tensile speed of the chuck was 0.5mm/min. at the plate. Scanning electron microscope observation was carried out on the cold inlaid sample. The scanning electron microscope image of the cross section of the joint is shown in Figure 5. From top to bottom are the ABS layer, the ABS melted layer and the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy layer. The ABS near the welding interface No bubble holes were observed in the melted layer and the ABS layer, and the quality of the welded joint was good.

The above-mentioned embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, The simplification should be equivalent replacement manners, which are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A friction lap welding method of an aluminum alloy and an ABS material is characterized in that: the method comprises a pre-treatment process, a friction lap welding clamping process and a friction lap welding process which are sequentially executed; wherein,

the pretreatment process comprises the following steps: respectively carrying out pretreatment on the aluminum alloy plate and the ABS resin plate to ensure that the specification shapes of the aluminum alloy plate and the ABS resin plate are matched; removing an oxide layer on the welding surface of the aluminum alloy plate; cleaning and drying the aluminum alloy plate and the ABS resin plate;

the friction lap welding clamping procedure is as follows: overlapping and clamping an aluminum alloy plate and an ABS resin plate on a welding tool workbench clamp; wherein the aluminum alloy plate is positioned above the ABS resin plate, and the ABS resin plate is positioned below the ABS resin plate; the welding tool is friction stir welding equipment with a needleless welding stirring head;

the friction lap welding process is as follows: starting a welding tool, adjusting a main shaft of the welding tool to enable a needle-free welding stirring head to be perpendicular to the aluminum alloy plate, and rotationally pressing the needle-free welding stirring head into the aluminum alloy plate until the bottommost end of a shaft shoulder of the needle-free welding stirring head is pressed into the surface of the aluminum alloy plate to reach a set pressing depth; then the pin-less welding stirring head keeps the set pressing depth and moves in a welding area on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate at a constant feeding speed in a rotating state, so that heat is transferred from the surface of the heated aluminum alloy plate to the joint of the ABS resin plate and the aluminum alloy plate, the ABS resin plate forms a narrow melting area, and the molten ABS resin is solidified under the pressure generated by the contact of the molten ABS resin and the aluminum alloy plate, so that the welding between the aluminum alloy plate and the ABS resin plate is realized.

2. The friction lap welding method of aluminum alloy and ABS material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the clamping procedure before friction lap welding, the lap width range of the aluminum alloy plate and the ABS resin plate is 5-100 mm.

3. The friction lap welding method of aluminum alloy and ABS material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the friction lap welding procedure, the rotating speed range of the welding stirring head is set to be 800-5000 rpm, the value range of the pressing depth is set to be 0.1-1 mm, and the value range of the constant feeding speed is 50-600 mm/min.

4. The friction lap welding method of aluminum alloy and ABS material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the environmental conditions of the friction lap welding are as follows: the environmental temperature is kept at 25-35 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 35-45%; the needle-free welding stirring head is made of H13 steel, and the diameter range of a shaft shoulder is 5-30 mm.

5. The friction lap welding method of aluminum alloy and ABS material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method also comprises a welding effect evaluation procedure; the welding effect evaluation procedure is as follows: the quality of the welded joint formed by friction lap welding was evaluated.

6. The friction lap welding method of aluminum alloy and ABS material according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the welding effect evaluation procedure, the quality evaluation method comprises the following steps: recording temperature data of a welding interface of the aluminum alloy plate and the ABS resin plate in the friction lap welding process; after the friction lap welding process, intercepting part of a welding joint sample to prepare a sample, and performing a mechanical tension-shear test; and cutting out a welding joint sample, carrying out cold inlaying on the sample, then grinding and polishing, and carrying out microstructure evaluation on the welding joint.

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