CN111973257A - Be applied to femoral neck fracture screw fixation director - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a screw fixation guide for femoral neck fracture. The connecting end of the anterior femoral fixation screw is connected with one end of a lateral midline positioning rod, and the other end of the lateral midline positioning rod is provided with a first installation hole. A first K-wire parallel to the axis of the first installation hole is inserted on the centerline positioning rod, and one end of the longitudinally extending rod is clearance-fitted with the first installation hole, and is installed on the lateral centerline positioning rod through the first top tightening bolt. The other end of the extension rod is provided with a second installation hole perpendicular to its axis, the top end of the vertical connecting rod is clearance fit with the second installation hole, and is installed on the longitudinal extension rod through the second top tightening bolt, and the bottom of the vertical connecting rod is installed on the longitudinal extension rod. The end is provided with a guide sleeve perpendicular to its axis. In the present invention, the anteversion angle and the abduction angle can be adjusted, which can meet the requirements of different neck stem angles, realize the requirements of fixation against the wall, and keep the abduction angle and the anteversion angle fixed, so as to ensure that the three second Kirschner wires are installed successively. parallel to achieve precise positioning.

Description

A kind of screw fixation guide for femoral neck fracture

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to a screw fixation guide for femoral neck fractures.

Background technique

Cannulated screw internal fixation is a common surgical method for the treatment of femoral neck fractures. However, due to factors and requirements such as neck shaft angle, anteversion angle, wall fixation, and parallelism, it is difficult to achieve clinically relying solely on drilling under fluoroscopy. The current positioner has the following problems: 1. The abduction angle is fixed, which cannot meet the requirements of different neck-shaft angles; 2. The distance between the pinholes is fixed, which is difficult to meet the requirements of wall fixation; 3. The positioner needs to be incised until it is close to the cortical bone , there is still significant trauma. In addition, due to the developed muscles of the proximal thigh, hypertrophy of fat, and movement of body position during operation, it is difficult for external guides to achieve precise positioning.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a screw fixation guide for femoral neck fractures. To the connecting rod, the anterior femoral fixation nail has a tip for drilling into the lateral femur of the thigh and a connecting end for connecting the lateral midline positioning rod, and the connecting end of the anterior femoral fixation nail is connected with one end of the lateral midline positioning rod, and the side The other end of the centerline positioning rod is provided with a first installation hole, a first K-wire parallel to the axis of the first installation hole is inserted on the lateral centerline positioning rod, and one end of the longitudinally extending rod is clearance-fitted with the first installation hole, and It is installed on the lateral centerline positioning rod through the first top tightening bolt, the other end of the longitudinal extension rod is provided with a second installation hole perpendicular to its axis, and the top end of the vertical connecting rod is in clearance fit with the second installation hole, and passes through the second The top tightening bolt is installed on the longitudinally extending rod, the bottom end of the vertical connecting rod is provided with a guide sleeve perpendicular to its axis, and a second Kirschner wire for guiding and installing the hollow screw is passed through the guide sleeve.

Preferably, the pre-fragment fixation nail is provided with a strip-shaped long groove for fixedly connecting with the lateral midline positioning rod, and the length direction of the strip-shaped long groove is consistent with the length direction of the pre-fragment fixation nail.

Preferably, the lateral midline positioning rod is provided with an installation groove, the length direction of the installation groove is perpendicular to the axis of the first installation hole, the side wall of the installation groove is provided with an adjustment groove, and the T-shaped bolt in the installation groove passes through the femoral fixation nail The bar-shaped long slot and the adjustment slot are connected to the compression nut.

Preferably, a square section with a square cross section is provided on the front fixing nail, and the strip-shaped long groove penetrates through the square section.

Preferably, angle scales are provided around the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole, and angle marking lines for indicating the rotation angle are provided at the ends of the longitudinally extending rod and the vertical connecting rod.

Preferably, by moving the position of the longitudinal extension rod and the vertical connecting rod in the first installation hole and the second installation hole and keeping the rotation angle fixed, three second K-wires are sequentially inserted into the femoral neck to form a zigzag shape layout.

The beneficial effects of the present invention: in the guide device of the present invention, the longitudinally extending rod is parallel to the lateral midline of the femur, the longitudinally extending rod and the vertical connecting rod can be rotated in the corresponding installation holes, and the anteversion angle and the abduction angle are adjustable, which can satisfy the Different neck stem angle requirements. By moving the longitudinal extension rod and the vertical connecting rod in the corresponding installation holes, and adjusting the spacing between the pinholes, the requirements of wall-adhering can be achieved, and the abduction and anteversion angles can be kept fixed to ensure that the three second K-wires installed successively parallel to achieve precise positioning.

Further, the pre-femoral fixation nail is provided with a strip-shaped long groove, which is convenient for adjusting the distance, and there is no need to cut it close to the cortical bone, so as to avoid large trauma; The distance between the rod's own axial direction and the axial direction of the front stock fixation pin is adjustable, and the included angle between the rod and the front stock fixation pin is also adjustable, which can be flexibly adjusted to ensure the positioning of the longitudinally extending rod.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a screw fixation guide for femoral neck fractures according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of femoral fixation nail;

Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a lateral midline positioning rod;

Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a longitudinally extending rod;

5 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertical connecting rod;

In the picture: 1- femoral fixation nail, 11- long strip slot, 2- lateral midline positioning rod, 21- first installation hole, 22- installation slot, 23- T-shaped bolt, 24- compression nut, 3- Longitudinal extension rod, 31-second mounting hole, 32-second top bolt, 4-vertical connecting rod, 41-guide sleeve, 5-first K-wire, 6-femoral neck, 7-second gram Pins.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 , a screw fixation guide for femoral neck fracture includes anterior femoral fixation nail 1 , lateral midline positioning rod 2 , longitudinal extension rod 3 , and vertical connecting rod 4 . Anterior femoral fixation nail 1 has a tip for drilling into the lateral femur of the thigh and a connecting end for connecting to a lateral midline positioning rod 2, the connecting end of the anterior femoral fixation nail 1 is connected with one end of the lateral midline positioning rod 2, and the lateral The other end of the midline positioning rod 2 is provided with a first installation hole 21, a first K-wire 5 parallel to the axis of the first installation hole 21 is inserted on the lateral midline positioning rod 2, and one end of the longitudinally extending rod 3 is aligned with the first K-wire. The mounting holes 21 are fitted with clearance, and are mounted on the lateral centerline positioning rod 2 through the first tightening bolt. The other end of the longitudinally extending rod 3 is provided with a second mounting hole 31 perpendicular to its axis. The second mounting hole 31 is clearance fit and is mounted on the longitudinally extending rod 3 through the second tightening bolt 32. The bottom end of the vertical connecting rod 4 is provided with a guide sleeve 41 perpendicular to its axis, and the guide sleeve 41 penetrates through the guide sleeve 41 There is a second K-wire 7.

In this embodiment, the pre-fragment fixation nail 1 is provided with a strip-shaped long groove 11 for fixed connection with the lateral midline positioning rod.

The lateral centerline positioning rod 2 is provided with an installation slot 22, the length direction of the installation slot 22 is perpendicular to the axis of the first installation hole 21, the side wall of the installation slot 22 is provided with an adjustment slot, and the T-shaped bolt 23 in the installation slot 22 A compression nut 24 is connected through the long strip groove 11 of the femoral fixation nail 2 and the adjustment groove, and the anterior femoral fixation nail 1 can be fixed by rotating the compression nut.

The front fixing nail 1 is provided with a square section with a square cross section, and the strip-shaped long groove 11 penetrates the square section.

Angle scales are provided around the first mounting hole 21 and the second mounting hole 31 , and the connecting ends of the longitudinally extending rod 3 and the vertical connecting rod 4 are provided with angle marking lines for indicating the rotation angle.

Specifically, the tip of the femoral fixation nail 1 is a round needle with a length of 10 cm and a diameter of 3.0 mm in the front, and a triangular point in the front. The middle section is a rectangular parallelepiped with a length of 5cm, a width of 0.6cm and a height of 0.6cm, the proximal end of 1cm is a cylinder with a diameter of 0.6mm, and the center of the proximal end and the middle section has a strip-shaped long groove 11 with a width of 3mm, forming a connecting end for the lateral midline Fixed on the positioning rod 2.

The lateral midline positioning rod 2 is 6cm long, 1cm wide and 1cm high, and there is a circular hole with a diameter of 8mm at 1cm at one end, which is the first installation hole 21 for the longitudinal extension rod 3 to pass through. There is a first top tightening bolt on the side to fix it Longitudinal extension rod 3; the other end has a central slot 5cm, which is the installation slot 22, 8mm wide, for the femoral fixation nail 1 to pass through; the end has a circular hole with a diameter of 2.5mm, and a 2mm first Kirschner wire 5 is inserted for perspective position.

The proximal end of the longitudinal extension rod 3 is a cylinder with a length of 10 cm and a diameter of 6 mm, which can be inserted into the 8 mm round hole of the lateral midline positioning rod 2; The rotation angle can be read out to adjust the forward inclination angle; the far section is a 1cm long, 1cm wide, 1cm high square, and the center is a circular hole with a diameter of 8mm, that is, the second installation hole 31, for the vertical connecting rod 4 to pass through, There is a second clamping bolt 32 on the side to fix the vertical connecting rod 4 .

One side of the vertical connecting rod 4 is a cylinder with a length of 6 cm and a diameter of 6 mm, which can pass through the second mounting hole 31 in the center of the far section of the longitudinally extending rod 3; the top of the other side has a vertical guide sleeve with an inner diameter of 2.5 mm and an outer diameter of 4 mm. 41, for the second K-wire 7 of 2mm to pass through.

The operation process is as follows: the patient is in a supine position, and the traction bed is fixed after reduction under fluoroscopy. Roughly draw the body surface marking line according to the center line of the head and neck. Drill the femoral fixation nail 1 vertically into the femur on the lateral side of the thigh, install the lateral midline positioning rod 2 along the installation groove 22 in the center of the femoral fixation nail 1, and adjust the first Kirschner wire 5 on the lateral midline positioning rod 2 in a lateral perspective. , so that it is located on the lateral midline of the femur. Install the longitudinal extension rod 3 and the vertical connecting rod 4 according to the body surface marking line, adjust the vertical connecting rod 4 under perspective, so that the perspective of the guide sleeve 4 reaches the ideal standard, lock the second tightening bolt 32, and record the angle. The first and second K-wires 7 are drilled directly from the guide sleeve 4, generally at the top. Loosen the second top tightening bolt, move the guide sleeve 4 forward and downward, still align it at the original angle, then tighten and fix it, and insert the second second K-wire 7. Loosen the second top tightening bolt again, move the guide sleeve 4 backward and move up and down appropriately, still align it at the original angle, then tighten and fix it, and insert the third second K-wire 7. Install the cannulated screw through the three second K-wire guides. Because the abduction angle and anteversion angle are fixed, the three second K-wires can be guaranteed to be parallel. That is to say, by moving the position of the longitudinal extension rod and the vertical connecting rod in the first installation hole and the second installation hole and keeping the rotation angle fixed, the three second Kirschner wires are sequentially driven into the femoral neck to form a product. Glyph layout. In addition, according to the perspective positioning, decide whether to stick to the wall or not.

Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the art, various Such changes, modifications or deformations without creative work are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A screw fixation guide applied to femoral neck fracture is characterized in that: comprising anterior femoral fixation nails, lateral midline positioning rods, longitudinally extending rods, and vertical connecting rods, and the anterior femoral fixation nails are used for drilling into the outer side of the thigh. To the tip of the femur and the connecting end for connecting the lateral midline positioning rod, the connecting end of the anterior femoral fixation pin is connected to one end of the lateral midline positioning rod, and the other end of the lateral midline positioning rod is provided with a first installation hole, and the side A first K-wire parallel to the axis of the first installation hole is inserted on the centerline positioning rod, and one end of the longitudinally extending rod is clearance-fitted with the first installation hole, and is installed on the lateral centerline positioning rod through a first tightening bolt, The other end of the longitudinal extension rod is provided with a second installation hole perpendicular to its axis, and the top end of the vertical connection rod is clearance-fitted with the second installation hole, and is installed on the longitudinal extension rod through the second tightening bolt. The bottom end is provided with a guide sleeve perpendicular to its axis, and the guide sleeve is provided with a second K-wire for guiding and installing the hollow screw. 2. A screw fixation guide for femoral neck fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: the anterior femoral fixation nail is provided with a long strip groove for fixed connection with the lateral midline positioning rod, and the strip is long. The length direction of the groove is consistent with the length direction of the pre-strand fixing nail. 3. A screw fixation guide for femoral neck fracture according to claim 2, characterized in that: the lateral midline positioning rod is provided with an installation groove, and the length direction of the installation groove is perpendicular to the axis of the first installation hole, An adjustment slot is arranged on the side wall of the installation slot, and the T-shaped bolt in the installation slot is connected to the compression nut through the long strip slot of the femoral fixation nail and the adjustment slot. 4 . The screw fixation guide for femoral neck fractures according to claim 2 , wherein the anterior femoral fixation nail is provided with a square section with a square cross-section, and the strip-shaped long groove penetrates the square section. 5 . 5. A screw fixation guide for femoral neck fractures according to claim 1, wherein the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are provided with angle scales, longitudinally extending rods and vertical connecting rods The ends of the are provided with angle marking lines to indicate the rotation angle. 6. A screw fixation guide for femoral neck fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: by moving the position of the longitudinally extending rod and the vertical connecting rod in the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole and maintaining The rotation angle is fixed, and three second Kirschner wires are inserted into the femoral neck in turn to form a zigzag layout.

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