CN111967162A - Compact sandstone gas reservoir drilling fluid reservoir damage evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于气藏储层保护领域，具体来说，涉及一种致密砂岩气藏钻井液储层伤害评价方法。为了解决现今储层损害原因复杂多变，常规评价方法局限性高的问题，能有针对性的指导实践生产，实现油气田的增产增注，提高社会和经济效益。其技术方案是：建立致密砂岩井眼‑储层物理模型；推导钻井液储层侵入深度计算方程；利用伤害储层的渗透率计算公式及伤害率计算公式计算岩心伤害率；确定钻井液储层侵入深度；计算渗透率损害比，结合储层伤害评价标准，进行致密砂岩的储层伤害评价。与现有技术相比，本发明除致密砂岩外，对常规气藏也具有较好的适用性，可推广性强计算准确度高；操作流程简便，方便快捷，实用性强。
The invention belongs to the field of protection of gas reservoirs, and in particular relates to a method for evaluating reservoir damage of drilling fluids in tight sandstone gas reservoirs. In order to solve the problems of complex and changeable causes of reservoir damage and high limitations of conventional evaluation methods, it can guide practical production in a targeted manner, realize the increase of production and injection of oil and gas fields, and improve social and economic benefits. The technical scheme is as follows: establishing a tight sandstone wellbore-reservoir physical model; deriving a drilling fluid reservoir invasion depth calculation equation; using the permeability calculation formula and damage rate calculation formula of the damaged reservoir to calculate the core damage rate; determining the drilling fluid reservoir Intrusion depth; calculate the permeability damage ratio, and carry out the reservoir damage evaluation of tight sandstone in combination with the reservoir damage evaluation standard. Compared with the prior art, in addition to tight sandstone, the present invention also has better applicability to conventional gas reservoirs, and has strong generalizability and high calculation accuracy; the operation process is simple, convenient and fast, and has strong practicability.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于气藏储层保护领域，具体涉及一种致密砂岩气藏钻井液储层伤害评价方法。The invention belongs to the field of gas reservoir protection, in particular to a method for evaluating the damage of drilling fluid in tight sandstone gas reservoirs.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，国内外优质油气资源的减少伴随着油气需求的口益增长，迫使人们重新重视对非常规气田、低渗透油气田及超深气田的开发。钻井泥浆在随钻工程中易侵入地层，污染近井地带，给储层造成不同程度的损害，降低了油气田的开采效率。酸化解堵是解决这一问题的有效方法，但由于对钻井泥浆伤害情况认识不够准确，导致酸液选择存在较大的盲目性，严重影响解堵效果。之前对低孔低渗储层的研究和开发，因缺乏系统的理论指导而未能形成有效地开发思路和方法。近年来对该储层的开发，由于钻井泥浆的伤害，使得原本就低渗透性的地层开采难度加大。In recent years, the reduction of high-quality oil and gas resources at home and abroad has been accompanied by the growth of oil and gas demand, forcing people to re-emphasize the development of unconventional gas fields, low-permeability oil and gas fields and ultra-deep gas fields. Drilling mud easily invades the stratum during drilling, pollutes the near-wellbore area, damages the reservoir to varying degrees, and reduces the production efficiency of oil and gas fields. Acidizing and removing plugging is an effective method to solve this problem. However, due to the inaccurate understanding of the damage of drilling mud, the selection of acid fluid is blinded, which seriously affects the effect of plugging removal. Previous research and development of low-porosity and low-permeability reservoirs failed to form effective development ideas and methods due to lack of systematic theoretical guidance. In the development of this reservoir in recent years, due to the damage of drilling mud, it has become more difficult to exploit the originally low permeability formation.
申请号为CN201710819298.2的专利申请《钻井液对储层伤害程度的评价方法及装置》，通过利用饱和度进行储层伤害程度的评价，而实际储层伤害反应在储层的渗透率变化上，用饱和度进行评价使得结果误差较大。申请号为CN201810861557.2的专利申请《一种分析流体速率与性质对页岩储层伤害性的系统及其使用方法》，主要分析了流体速率及性质对储层损害程度的评价，而实际地下储层损害情况及原因复杂多样，仅通过实验室模拟适用范围较小，特别是针对低渗致密气藏，限制较大。The patent application with the application number CN201710819298.2, "Method and Device for Evaluation of the Damage Degree of Drilling Fluid to Reservoir", uses saturation to evaluate the degree of reservoir damage, and the actual reservoir damage is reflected in the permeability change of the reservoir. , the evaluation with saturation makes the result error larger. The patent application with the application number CN201810861557.2, "A System for Analyzing the Damage of Fluid Velocity and Properties to Shale Reservoir and Its Using Method", mainly analyzes the evaluation of the degree of damage to the reservoir caused by the fluid velocity and properties. Reservoir damage conditions and causes are complex and diverse, and only laboratory simulation is applicable to a small scope, especially for low-permeability tight gas reservoirs, which have great limitations.
综上，本专利就是为了解决现今储层损害原因复杂多变，常规评价方法局限性高的问题，本方法通过理论计算同实际充分结合，利用现场伤害岩心进行评价，操作简便，流程快捷，结果准确，能有针对性的指导实践生产，实现油气田的增产增注，提高社会和经济效益。In summary, this patent is to solve the problems of complex and changeable causes of reservoir damage and high limitations of conventional evaluation methods. This method fully combines theoretical calculation with practice, and uses field damaged cores for evaluation. The operation is simple, the process is fast, and the results are It is accurate and can guide practical production in a targeted manner, realize the increase of production and injection of oil and gas fields, and improve social and economic benefits.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明目的是：为了解决现今储层损害原因复杂多变，常规评价方法局限性高的问题，提出一种致密砂岩气藏钻井液储层伤害评价方法，能有针对性的指导实践生产，实现油气田的增产增注，提高社会和经济效益。The purpose of the invention is: in order to solve the problems of complex and changeable causes of reservoir damage and high limitations of conventional evaluation methods, a method for evaluating reservoir damage of drilling fluid in tight sandstone gas reservoirs is proposed, which can guide practical production in a targeted manner and realize Increase production and injection of oil and gas fields, improve social and economic benefits.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种致密砂岩气藏钻井液储层伤害评价方法，该方法包括下列步骤：In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a method for evaluating reservoir damage of drilling fluid in tight sandstone gas reservoirs, the method comprising the following steps:
第一，建立致密砂岩井眼-储层物理模型，获取气藏基础参数，包括：储层原始渗透率、气井理论产能、气井实际产能、井眼半径、井眼排液半径；First, establish a tight sandstone wellbore-reservoir physical model to obtain basic parameters of the gas reservoir, including: original permeability of the reservoir, theoretical productivity of gas wells, actual productivity of gas wells, wellbore radius, and wellbore drainage radius;
第二，根据所建立井眼-储层物理模型，推导钻井液储层侵入深度计算方程；Second, according to the established wellbore-reservoir physical model, the calculation equation of drilling fluid reservoir invasion depth is deduced;
第三，利用未被伤害储层岩心，通过梯度法室内模拟测试伤害储层的渗透率，利用伤害储层的渗透率计算公式及伤害率计算公式计算岩心伤害率；Thirdly, using the cores of the uninjured reservoirs, the permeability of the damaged reservoirs is tested by the gradient method in the laboratory, and the damage rate of the cores is calculated by the permeability calculation formula and the calculation formula of the damage rate of the damaged reservoirs;
第四，根据所得岩心伤害率，利用钻井液储层侵入深度计算方程，确定钻井液储层侵入深度；Fourth, according to the obtained core damage rate, use the drilling fluid reservoir invasion depth calculation equation to determine the drilling fluid reservoir invasion depth;
第五，基于侵入深度计算结果，取现场侵入深度范围内岩心进行渗透率测试，得到致密砂岩气藏钻井液实际侵入段渗透率，结合储层原始渗透率，利用储层损害比公式，计算渗透率损害比，结合储层伤害评价标准，进行致密砂岩的储层伤害评价。Fifth, based on the calculation results of the invasion depth, the permeability of the cores within the range of the site invasion depth is taken to test the permeability to obtain the actual permeability of the drilling fluid in the tight sandstone gas reservoir invasion section. Combined with the original permeability of the reservoir, the reservoir damage ratio formula is used to calculate the permeability. Based on the rate damage ratio, combined with the reservoir damage evaluation criteria, the reservoir damage evaluation of tight sandstone is carried out.
上述的一种致密砂岩气藏钻井液储层伤害评价方法，所述井眼-储层物理模型为圆柱形物理模型，由内至外分别为井眼、钻井液侵入带、钻井液污染带、气藏未污染带。In the above-mentioned method for evaluating the damage of drilling fluid in a tight sandstone gas reservoir, the wellbore-reservoir physical model is a cylindrical physical model, and from the inside to the outside are the wellbore, the drilling fluid invasion zone, the drilling fluid pollution zone, the The uncontaminated zone of the gas reservoir.
上述的一种致密砂岩气藏钻井液储层伤害评价方法，所述推导的钻井液储层侵入深度计算方程为Rd＝re(1-kav/ki)，其中，Rd为钻井液储层侵入深度，单位为m；kav为钻井液岩心实验伤害渗透率，单位为mD，ki为储层原始渗透率，单位为mD。In the above-mentioned method for evaluating the reservoir damage of drilling fluid in a tight sandstone gas reservoir, the calculation equation of the drilling fluid reservoir invasion depth derived is R d = re (1-k av / ki ), where R d is the drilling fluid The invasion depth of the fluid reservoir, the unit is m; kav is the damage permeability of the drilling fluid core experiment, the unit is mD, and ki is the original permeability of the reservoir, the unit is mD.
上述的一种致密砂岩气藏钻井液储层伤害评价方法，所述伤害储层的渗透率计算公式为
上述的一种致密砂岩气藏钻井液储层伤害评价方法，所述步骤三中所述伤害率计算公式为DRn＝(1-kav/ki)，其中，DRn为岩心伤害率，无量纲量。In the above-mentioned method for evaluating the reservoir damage of drilling fluid in a tight sandstone gas reservoir, the calculation formula of the damage rate in the
上述的一种致密砂岩气藏钻井液储层伤害评价方法，所述储层损害比公式为
上述的一种致密砂岩气藏钻井液储层伤害评价方法，所述储层伤害评价标准分为五类，分别为M<1,储层良性改善；M＝1，储层无损害；1<M<2，储层轻度损害；2≤M<5，储层中等程度损害；M≥5，储层严重损害。In the above-mentioned method for evaluating reservoir damage of drilling fluid in tight sandstone gas reservoirs, the evaluation criteria for reservoir damage are divided into five categories: M<1, the reservoir is benignly improved; M=1, no damage to the reservoir; 1< M<2, the reservoir is slightly damaged; 2≤M<5, the reservoir is moderately damaged; M≥5, the reservoir is severely damaged.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：(1)基于致密砂岩开发，除致密砂岩外，对常规气藏也具有较好的适用性，可推广性强；(2)通过实验室模拟及实际岩心测试，计算准确度高；(3)操作流程简便，方便快捷，实用性强。Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) based on the development of tight sandstone, in addition to tight sandstone, it also has good applicability to conventional gas reservoirs, and has strong generalization; (2) through laboratory Simulation and actual core test, high calculation accuracy; (3) The operation process is simple, convenient and fast, and has strong practicability.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的技术路线图；Fig. 1 is the technical roadmap of the present invention;
图2是本发明的致密砂岩井眼-储层物理模型图；Fig. 2 is the tight sandstone borehole-reservoir physical model diagram of the present invention;
图中：1为井眼；2为钻井液侵入带；3为钻井液污染带；4为气藏未污染带。In the figure: 1 is the wellbore; 2 is the drilling fluid invasion zone; 3 is the drilling fluid contaminated zone; 4 is the uncontaminated zone of the gas reservoir.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
本发明提供了一种致密砂岩气藏钻井液储层伤害评价方法，如图1所示该方法包括下列步骤：The present invention provides a method for evaluating reservoir damage of drilling fluid in tight sandstone gas reservoirs. As shown in Figure 1, the method includes the following steps:
第一，建立致密砂岩井眼-储层物理模型，如图2所示，获取气藏基础参数，包括：储层原始渗透率、气井理论产能、气井实际产能、井眼半径、井眼排液半径；First, establish a tight sandstone wellbore-reservoir physical model, as shown in Figure 2, to obtain basic parameters of the gas reservoir, including: original reservoir permeability, theoretical productivity of gas wells, actual productivity of gas wells, wellbore radius, wellbore drainage radius;
第二，根据所建立井眼-储层物理模型，推导钻井液储层侵入深度计算方程；Second, according to the established wellbore-reservoir physical model, the calculation equation of drilling fluid reservoir invasion depth is deduced;
第三，利用未被伤害储层岩心，通过梯度法室内模拟测试伤害储层的渗透率，利用伤害储层的渗透率计算公式及伤害率计算公式计算岩心伤害率；Thirdly, using the cores of the uninjured reservoirs, the permeability of the damaged reservoirs is tested by the gradient method in the laboratory, and the damage rate of the cores is calculated by the permeability calculation formula and the calculation formula of the damage rate of the damaged reservoirs;
第四，根据所得岩心伤害率，利用钻井液储层侵入深度计算方程，确定钻井液储层侵入深度；Fourth, according to the obtained core damage rate, use the drilling fluid reservoir invasion depth calculation equation to determine the drilling fluid reservoir invasion depth;
第五，基于侵入深度计算结果，取现场侵入深度范围内岩心进行渗透率测试，得到致密砂岩气藏钻井液实际侵入段渗透率，结合储层原始渗透率，利用储层损害比公式，计算渗透率损害比，结合储层伤害评价标准，进行致密砂岩的储层伤害评价。Fifth, based on the calculation results of the invasion depth, the permeability of the cores within the range of the site invasion depth is taken to test the permeability to obtain the actual permeability of the drilling fluid in the tight sandstone gas reservoir invasion section. Combined with the original permeability of the reservoir, the reservoir damage ratio formula is used to calculate the permeability. Based on the rate damage ratio, combined with the reservoir damage evaluation criteria, the reservoir damage evaluation of tight sandstone is carried out.
上述的一种致密砂岩气藏钻井液储层伤害评价方法，所述井眼-储层物理模型为圆柱形物理模型，如图2所示，由内至外分别为井眼、钻井液侵入带、钻井液污染带、气藏未污染带。In the above-mentioned method for evaluating the damage of drilling fluid in a tight sandstone gas reservoir, the wellbore-reservoir physical model is a cylindrical physical model, as shown in Figure 2, from the inside to the outside, the wellbore and the drilling fluid invasion zone are respectively , drilling fluid pollution zone, uncontaminated zone of gas reservoir.
进一步的，所述推导的钻井液储层侵入深度计算方程为Rd＝re(1-kav/ki)，其中，Rd为钻井液储层侵入深度，单位为m；kav为钻井液岩心实验伤害渗透率，单位为mD，ki为储层原始渗透率，单位为mD。Further, the derived calculation equation for the drilling fluid reservoir invasion depth is R d = re (1-k av / ki ), where R d is the drilling fluid reservoir invasion depth, in m; k av is Drilling fluid core test damage permeability, in mD, ki is the original permeability of the reservoir, in mD.
进一步的，所述伤害储层的渗透率计算公式为
进一步的，所述步骤三中所述伤害率计算公式为DRn＝(1-kav/ki)，其中，DRn为岩心伤害率，无量纲量。Further, the calculation formula of the damage rate in the third step is DR n =(1-k av / ki ), wherein, DR n is the core damage rate, which is a dimensionless quantity.
进一步的，所述储层损害比公式为
进一步的，所述储层伤害评价标准分为五类，分别为M<1,储层良性改善；M＝1，储层无损害；1<M<2，储层轻度损害；2≤M<5，储层中等程度损害；M≥5，储层严重损害。Further, the evaluation criteria for reservoir damage are divided into five categories: M<1, the reservoir is benignly improved; M=1, the reservoir is not damaged; 1<M<2, the reservoir is slightly damaged; 2≤M <5, the reservoir is moderately damaged; M≥5, the reservoir is severely damaged.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：(1)基于致密砂岩开发，除致密砂岩外，对常规气藏也具有较好的适用性，可推广性强；(2)通过实验室模拟及实际岩心测试，计算准确度高；(3)操作流程简便，方便快捷，实用性强。Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) based on the development of tight sandstone, in addition to tight sandstone, it also has good applicability to conventional gas reservoirs, and has strong generalization; (2) through laboratory Simulation and actual core test, high calculation accuracy; (3) The operation process is simple, convenient and fast, and has strong practicability.
最后所应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明而非限制本发明的技术方案，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应该理解：依然可以对本发明进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明的精神和范围的任何修改或局部替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate rather than limit the technical solutions of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified. Or equivalent replacements, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, any modifications or partial replacements shall be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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