CN111953392B - Antenna calibration sequence sending method and system for distributed MIMO - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种面向分布式MIMO的天线校准序列发送方法及系统，包括：射频单元确定需发送的校准序列，以及接收校准序列的射频单元，其中，各射频单元是按分布式多输入多输出DMIMO组网技术组成的，根据初始设定的天线校准方法确定发送接收校准序列的射频单元间校准关系；存在校准关系的射频单元根据校准序列发送规则发送/或接收校准序列，并进行校准因子的更新；记录初始设定校准周期内更新校准因子的射频单元数量，并根据预定门限值动态调整天线校准周期。采用本发明，能够在5G非同步TDD系统利用下行上行间静默时隙进行校准序列发送，进而动态调整天线校准周期，在多节点协作的场景下提高传输效率。
The invention discloses a distributed MIMO-oriented antenna calibration sequence sending method and system. It is composed of the output DMIMO networking technology, and the calibration relationship between the radio frequency units that send and receive the calibration sequence is determined according to the initial set antenna calibration method; the radio frequency unit with the calibration relationship sends/or receives the calibration sequence according to the calibration sequence transmission rule, and the calibration factor is calculated. update; record the number of radio frequency units that update the calibration factor in the initial set calibration period, and dynamically adjust the antenna calibration period according to the predetermined threshold value. By adopting the present invention, the 5G non-synchronized TDD system can use the silent time slot between the downlink and the uplink to send the calibration sequence, and then dynamically adjust the antenna calibration period to improve the transmission efficiency in the scenario of multi-node cooperation.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to antenna calibration for an asynchronous TDD system in the 5th generation (5G) mobile communication system.
Background
In order to meet the future demand for rapidly increasing wireless data services, a large-scale Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (Massive MIMO) technology is receiving wide attention, and the Massive MIMO technology has obvious advantages in enhancing frequency spectrum and energy effectiveness, and supports large data vector dimensions to provide high-speed and reliable data communication. The distribution characteristics of the antenna positions of the base station can divide the large-scale MIMO into a centralized type and a distributed type, wherein the distributed large-scale MIMO technology (DMIMO) can fully utilize the spatial characteristics of a channel, effectively improve the transmission rate of the system, simultaneously has the advantages of solving the cell boundary, enhancing the coverage rate, enhancing the spectrum efficiency and the like, and becomes a potential structure of future mobile communication.
In large-scale MIMO, a Time Division Duplex (TDD) mode is usually adopted to perform channel estimation based on the characteristic of channel reciprocity, but in an actual circuit, both the transmission and reception processes of a channel need to pass through a radio frequency link module, the radio frequency links received and transmitted by each antenna are respectively completed by different circuits, and the characteristics of the transmission and reception circuits are difficult to be completely consistent. In addition, because the environmental temperature and humidity of the transmitting and receiving circuits are different, the characteristics of the two circuits cannot be completely the same, so that the reciprocity of the channels is damaged. Therefore, antenna calibration techniques that compensate for the loss of channel reciprocity are particularly important for DMIMO systems. In order to reduce signaling overhead under a large-scale antenna, a method of transmitting and receiving a calibration sequence between radio frequency units is generally adopted to calibrate an antenna at a radio frequency unit side under a DMIMO system. Since the physical characteristics of the rf link change over time, antenna calibration needs to be performed periodically.
In the prior art, to avoid external signal interference, a calibration sequence can be sent in a silent timeslot where a radio frequency unit and a terminal transmit signals, and for a network configured by uplink and downlink timeslots of synchronous TDD, calibration can be performed in a synchronous silent timeslot between downlink and uplink timeslots. However, in the design of the 5G TDD system, the real-time uplink and downlink data transmission requirements for the user are considered, and dynamic uplink and downlink transmission timeslot matching is implemented, that is, the silent timeslots of the radio frequency units may not be synchronized, in this case, the radio frequency units that need to participate in calibration synchronously stop receiving and transmitting terminal data, and perform periodic calibration, which may reduce the transmission efficiency of the whole network.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a system for sending a calibration sequence in a distributed large-scale multi-input multi-output scene, which are used for solving the problem that the transmission efficiency is possibly reduced when the existing calibration scheme is applied to a 5G asynchronous TDD system.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for transmitting antenna calibration sequences for distributed MIMO comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that a radio frequency unit determines a calibration sequence to be sent and a radio frequency unit for receiving the calibration sequence, wherein each radio frequency unit is composed according to a distributed multi-input multi-output DMIMO networking technology, and a calibration relation among the radio frequency units for sending and receiving the calibration sequence is determined according to an initially set antenna calibration method;
the radio frequency unit with the calibration relation sends/receives the calibration sequence according to the calibration sequence sending rule and updates the calibration factor;
and recording the number of radio frequency units updating the calibration factor in the initial set calibration period, and dynamically adjusting the antenna calibration period according to a preset threshold value.
In implementation, the radio frequency unit stops receiving and sending terminal data according to the antenna calibration period, and performs antenna calibration according to the inter-radio frequency unit calibration method.
In an implementation, the determining the calibration relationship between the radio frequency units according to the initially set antenna calibration method includes: if the radio frequency units in the antenna calibration method need to send and receive calibration sequences to each other, the radio frequency units are divided into neighbor clusters, and the radio frequency units in the neighbor clusters are called to have calibration relations.
In implementation, the calibration sequence sending rule includes that a neighbor cluster includes a set radio frequency unit in a silent time slot and a plurality of target radio frequency units in silent or uplink receiving time slots:
arranging the priority of the radio frequency unit selected as the set radio frequency unit according to the number of the neighbor clusters where the radio frequency unit in the silent time slot is located, wherein the priority is higher when the number is more, and the radio frequency unit with the same priority is randomly selected if the radio frequency unit with the highest priority does not exist;
the radio frequency unit which is not selected as the set radio frequency unit and is positioned in the silent time slot and the radio frequency unit which is positioned in the uplink receiving time slot can only be used as a target radio frequency unit of one neighbor cluster, and the target radio frequency unit belongs to another neighbor cluster without calibration sequence transmission;
the array that has been selected as the set radio frequency unit will send calibration sequences in silent time slots in multiple neighbor clusters at different frequency points than the uplink receive terminal signals of each target radio frequency unit.
In implementation, when the interval time of the mutual sending of the calibration sequences by the radio frequency units in the neighbor clusters is within a preset value, the calibration factors of the radio frequency units in the neighbor clusters are updated and recorded.
In the implementation, the number of the radio frequency units updating the calibration factor in the calibration period T is compared with a predetermined threshold, and if the number exceeds the threshold, the antenna calibration period is updated to be T + Δ T.
A distributed MIMO-oriented antenna calibration sequence transmission system, comprising:
the determining module is used for dividing the neighbor clusters according to the antenna calibration method and determining the radio frequency unit for sending the calibration sequence and the radio frequency unit for receiving the calibration sequence in each time slot;
the transmitting module is used for setting the radio frequency unit to transmit the calibration sequence to the target radio frequency unit in the calibration period, and transmitting the calibration sequence to the radio frequency unit receiving the calibration sequence according to the inter-radio frequency unit calibration method at the expiration time of the calibration period;
the calibration factor updating module is used for updating and recording the calibration factor of the radio frequency unit in the neighbor cluster when the interval time of the radio frequency units in the neighbor cluster transmitting the calibration sequence is within a preset value;
and the calibration period adjusting module is used for comparing the number of the radio frequency units updating the calibration factor in the calibration period T time period with a preset threshold value, and if the number of the radio frequency units updating the calibration factor exceeds the threshold value, updating the antenna calibration period to be T + delta T.
Advantageous effects
In the technical scheme provided by the invention, the sending rule of the calibration sequence and the updating rule of the calibration factor are set, the accuracy of antenna calibration can be ensured when the calibration sequence is sent among the radio frequency units and the calibration factor is updated, and the antenna calibration period can be prolonged by sending the calibration sequence by using the silent time slot between the uplink and the downlink of the radio frequency units in the asynchronous TDD system, so that the time for stopping receiving and sending terminal data is reduced, and the transmission efficiency of the whole network is improved.
The calibration relation between the radio frequency units is defined according to the network initial setting antenna calibration method, and the neighbor clusters are divided, so that the calibration sequence sending method and the system provided by the invention have universality, and any antenna calibration method can carry out the transmission of the calibration sequence according to the invention.
Further, the radio frequency unit located in the most neighboring cluster is selected as the set radio frequency unit to transmit the calibration sequence, so that the silent time slot can be multiplexed as much as possible, and the period for transmitting and receiving the calibration sequence is reduced.
Furthermore, the target radio frequency unit only receives the calibration sequence of one neighbor cluster, and other neighbor clusters where the target radio frequency unit is not used for sending the calibration sequence, so that interference caused by the transmission of the calibration sequence of multiple neighbor clusters can be avoided.
Furthermore, the frequency domain where the set radio frequency unit sends the calibration sequence to the target radio frequency unit needs to be different from the frequency domain where the target radio frequency unit receives the terminal signal, so that interference of external signals on the reception of the calibration sequence is avoided.
Further, in order to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of calibration, when the interval time between the radio frequency units in the neighbor cluster sending the calibration sequence is within a preset value, the calibration factor of the radio frequency unit in the neighbor cluster is updated.
Furthermore, the accuracy of antenna calibration can also be ensured by setting a threshold value to adjust the antenna calibration period.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a distributed lsi mimo array scenario of an asynchronous TDD system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating an implementation of a calibration sequence sending method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating distribution of different neighbor clusters according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a calibration sequence transmitting node device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The inventor notices in the process of invention that: in a distributed large-scale multiple-input multiple-output array scenario as shown in fig. 1, considering that an RF (Radio Frequency) link mismatch system at a Radio Frequency unit end has the largest performance impact and a calibration scheme using user feedback has a very large overhead, antenna calibration between Radio Frequency units in a DMIMO system is usually performed by a method of transmitting and receiving a calibration sequence between Radio Frequency units.
In the design of 5G asynchronous TDD system, consideration is given to real-time uplink and downlink data transmission requirements of users to realize dynamic uplink and downlink transmission timeslot matching, and adjacent radio frequency units may serve different users, for example, in the figure, the radio frequency unit a and the radio frequency unit B may be in uplink and downlink or silent different timeslot stages, and in a scenario where the radio frequency unit a and the radio frequency unit B have a calibration relationship, that is, a calibration sequence needs to be transmitted mutually, due to asynchronous silent timeslots, only data transmission between the radio frequency unit and the terminal can be stopped for calibration, so that transmission efficiency may be affected.
In order to solve the problem that the transmission efficiency is reduced when the existing calibration scheme is applied to a 5G asynchronous TDD system, the invention provides the following technical scheme, a sending rule of a calibration sequence and an updating rule of a calibration factor are set, the accuracy of antenna calibration can be ensured when the calibration sequence is sent between radio frequency units and the calibration factor is updated, and the antenna calibration period can be prolonged by sending the calibration sequence by using a silent time slot between uplink and downlink of the radio frequency units in the asynchronous TDD system, so that the time for stopping receiving and sending terminal data is reduced, and the transmission efficiency of the whole network is improved.
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the calibration sequence transmission method proposed in the present solution will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 2, a flowchart of a calibration sequence sending method according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown.
Step 200: setting an initial antenna calibration method and an antenna calibration period, and determining the calibration relation between the radio frequency units for sending and receiving calibration sequences according to the initially set antenna calibration method.
It should be noted that, in this step, the calibration relationship between the radio frequency units includes, according to the antenna calibration method, if a calibration sequence needs to be mutually transmitted between two radio frequency units or between multiple radio frequency units, so as to perform antenna calibration, it is said that a calibration relationship exists between the radio frequency units, and the radio frequency units that mutually transmit the calibration sequence are divided into neighboring clusters.
As shown in fig. 3, three methods of partitioning neighbor clusters are listed for a system where there are four radio units in the general case. In fig. 3.a, the calibration sequence transmitted by the radio frequency unit 1 is specified to be received by the radio frequency units 2, 3, and 4 according to the initially set antenna calibration method, and similarly, the calibration sequence transmitted by the radio frequency unit 2 is specified to be received by the radio frequency units 1, 3, and 4 according to the initially set antenna calibration method, the calibration sequence transmitted by the radio frequency unit 3 is specified to be received by the radio frequency units 1, 2, and 4 according to the initially set antenna calibration method, and the calibration sequence transmitted by the radio frequency unit 4 is specified to be received by the radio frequency units 1, 2, and 3 according to the initially set antenna calibration method, so that the radio frequency units 1, 2, 3, and 4 are divided into 1 neighbor cluster. In fig. 3.b, the calibration sequence sent by the radio frequency unit 1 is required to be received by the radio frequency unit 4 according to the initially set antenna calibration method, and the calibration sequence sent by the radio frequency unit 4 is required to be received by the radio frequency unit 1, and similarly, the calibration sequence sent by the radio frequency unit 2 is required to be received by the radio frequency unit 3 according to the initially set antenna calibration method, and the calibration sequence sent by the radio frequency unit 3 is required to be received by the radio frequency unit 2, so that the radio frequency units 1 and 4 are divided into neighbor clusters, and the radio frequency units 2 and 3 are divided into neighbor clusters. In fig. 3.c, the calibration sequence sent by the radio frequency unit 1 is specified to be received by the radio frequency units 2, 3, and 4 according to the initially set antenna calibration method, but the calibration sequences sent by the radio frequency units 2, 3, and 4 all need to be received by the radio frequency unit 1, at this time, the neighboring clusters are divided into 1 and 2, 1 and 3, 1 and 4, and the three neighboring clusters have an intersection and share a common radio frequency unit. In the neighbor cluster division rule, it is emphasized that radio frequency units in neighbor clusters need to send and receive calibration sequences to each other, and there is no calibration sequence that a certain radio frequency unit does not need to receive a certain radio frequency unit in a neighbor cluster, so there is a high possibility that an intersection between neighbor clusters occurs in the neighbor cluster division rule.
Step 201: and the radio frequency unit with the calibration relation sends/receives the calibration sequence according to the calibration sequence sending rule and updates the calibration factor.
It should be noted that, in the 5G asynchronous TDD system, the timeslot configuration of the radio frequency unit is dynamically determined by the service user, so that the radio frequency units in the same neighbor cluster may have different uplink and downlink timeslot configurations due to different service users. When a certain radio frequency unit in the system is in the silent time slot between the downlink and the uplink, if other radio frequency units in the neighbor cluster containing the radio frequency unit are in the silent time slot or the uplink time slot, it is stated that the sending and receiving of the calibration sequence can occur in the time slot.
In this step, the rule for sending the calibration sequence in the time slot includes determining a radio frequency unit that needs to send the calibration sequence and a radio frequency unit that needs to receive the calibration sequence in the neighboring cluster.
When the neighbor cluster only contains one radio frequency unit in the silent time slot, the radio frequency unit sends the calibration sequence, and the radio frequency unit in the uplink time slot in the neighbor cluster receives the calibration sequence.
When the neighbor clusters contain a plurality of radio frequency units in the silent time slot, if the radio frequency units are in the neighbor clusters, the radio frequency unit in the silent time slot at the most neighbor cluster is preferentially selected to transmit the calibration sequence, and the step can finish the transmission and the reception of the calibration sequence for a plurality of times in one time slot so as to realize high-efficiency transmission; if the radio frequency unit is only located in the neighbor cluster, one radio frequency unit is randomly selected to transmit the calibration sequence, and the other radio frequency units located in the silent time slot and the uplink receiving time slot receive the calibration sequence.
In order to reduce signal interference, the rule for transmitting the calibration sequence further includes, when two or more neighbor clusters simultaneously transmit the calibration sequence, if there is a radio frequency unit receiving the calibration sequence in the plurality of neighbor clusters, preferentially selecting the neighbor cluster containing the most radio frequency units to transmit the calibration sequence, and the other neighbor clusters in which the radio frequency unit receiving the calibration sequence exists do not transmit the calibration sequence. If two neighboring clusters have the same radio frequency unit, the geographic positions of the neighboring clusters are similar in general, and the signal interference degree is strong, so that the two neighboring clusters are prevented from transmitting simultaneously, and the interference to a certain degree can be reduced.
It should be noted that, the radio frequency unit needs to use a frequency domain resource different from the frequency domain resource used by the radio frequency unit in the uplink time slot to receive the terminal data, so as to reduce interference between the terminal data and the calibration sequence.
It should be noted that, the rule for updating the calibration factor in this step is that, since the sending and receiving calibration sequences between the radio frequency units of the present invention are not performed continuously, that is, when there is a calibration relationship between the radio frequency unit a and the radio frequency unit B in a certain time slot, the radio frequency unit a sends the calibration sequence, the radio frequency unit B receives the calibration sequence, and the radio frequency unit a receives the calibration sequence, it is necessary to set a threshold for the time slot to ensure the validity of the calibration factor update, that is, the calibration sequences are mutually transmitted within a preset time period to update the calibration sequence.
Step 202: and recording the number of radio frequency units updating the calibration factor in the initial set calibration period, and dynamically adjusting the antenna calibration period according to a preset threshold value.
In this step, the RF unit updates the calibration factor and registers it, and sets the calibration period T initially0The number of the RF units with updated calibration factors is counted, if the number exceeds the predetermined threshold, it indicates that most of the RF units in the system have updated the calibration factors, so the calibration period is prolonged to T0+ Δ T at the T0Stopping transmitting terminal data at the moment of + delta T, and calibrating an antenna in the system; if not, at the T th0And immediately stopping transmitting the terminal data at the moment, and calibrating the antenna in the system. Stopping transmitting terminal data for antenna calibration in the system can improve the accuracy of antenna calibration.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a node device and a computer-readable storage medium, and because the principle of solving the problem of these devices is similar to the method for sending the calibration sequence, the implementation of these devices may refer to the implementation of the method, and repeated details are not repeated.
Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a calibration sequence sending node device in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in the figure, the structural diagram may include:
a determining module 401, configured to divide the neighboring clusters according to the antenna calibration method and determine a radio frequency unit that sends the calibration sequence and a radio frequency unit that receives the calibration sequence for each timeslot;
a sending module 402, configured to set a radio frequency unit to send a calibration sequence to a target radio frequency unit in a calibration period, and send the calibration sequence to a radio frequency unit that receives the calibration sequence according to an inter-radio frequency unit calibration method at an expiration time of the calibration period;
a calibration factor updating module 403, configured to update and record the calibration factor of the radio frequency unit in the neighbor cluster when the interval time for the radio frequency units in the neighbor cluster to send calibration sequences to each other is within a preset value;
the calibration period adjusting module 404 is configured to compare the number of radio frequency units updating the calibration factor in the calibration period T with a predetermined threshold, and if the number of radio frequency units exceeds the threshold, update the antenna calibration period to be T + Δ T.
It should be noted that the node device in the embodiment of the present invention can implement the steps in the method embodiment applied to the node device, and can achieve the same technical effect.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements each process of the foregoing service cluster selection method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect, and in order to avoid repetition, details are not described here again. The computer-readable storage medium may be a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.
For convenience of description, each part of the above-described apparatus is separately described as being functionally divided into various modules or units. Of course, the functionality of the various modules or units may be implemented in the same one or more pieces of software or hardware in practicing the invention.
In various embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
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