CN111948081A - Straw support cutting performance test platform and test method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and relates to a straw supporting cutting performance test platform, comprising a soil trough, and further comprising: a frame; a moving device, arranged below the frame; a driving device, fixed on the frame; and a transmission device, The input end is connected with the output shaft of the driving device; the rotating shaft is erected under the frame, and one end of the rotating shaft is connected with the output end of the transmission device; the multi-functional cutter head is fixed on the rotating shaft; On the cutter head; at least one straw holding device is inserted into the soil in the soil trough. The invention can measure the straw cutting performance of the cutter under different straw support modes such as unsupported, single-sided support, and double-sided support, and is convenient to replace different types of cutting tools such as rotary tiller and disc cutter, and it is convenient for testing and can be measured at the same time. Straw cutting performance and operation power consumption, obtain optimal configuration parameters, simple operation and convenient measurement.

Description

A straw support cutting performance test platform and test method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a straw supporting cutting performance test platform and a test method.

Background technique

Straw mulching is one of the important technical links in conservation tillage. Since the surface is covered with a large amount of straw, it is necessary to treat the surface straw during no-tillage sowing. However, at present, the anti-blocking performance of the straw-clearing and anti-blocking device matching the no-tillage seeder needs to be improved, and the power consumption is relatively high, so its structure and operating parameters need to be further optimized. Under different straw types and mulching conditions, the optimal straw cutting method and its working parameters are also different, which directly affect the quality and power consumption of straw cutting, and then affect the seeding quality under the condition of less and no-tillage. Therefore, the research on straw cutting performance has important practical significance.

Most of the existing straw test platforms use the motor to drive the rotation of the straw pulverizer, which can realize the performance test and safety test of various pulverizers. Tool replacement is also inconvenient, and the structure is more complicated.

Therefore, how to provide a test platform for simultaneously measuring the straw cutting performance under the conditions of different cutter types and structures, support cutting methods and operating parameters is an urgent problem for those skilled in the art to solve.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the present invention provides a straw supporting cutting performance test platform and test method, so as to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

The technical scheme of the present invention is:

A straw support cutting performance test platform, comprising an earth trough, and further comprising:

frame;

The mobile device is arranged below the rack;

The drive device is fixed on the frame;

The transmission device, the input end of which is connected with the output shaft of the driving device;

The rotating shaft is erected below the frame, one end of which is connected with the output end of the transmission device;

Multifunctional cutter head, the set is fixed on the rotating shaft;

The cutter is detachably connected to the multi-function cutter head;

At least one straw holding device is inserted into the soil in the soil tank.

Preferably, a torque and rotational speed sensor is connected between the driving device and the transmission device, and the torque and rotational speed sensor and the driving device are electrically connected to a controller of a peripheral device.

Preferably, the transmission device includes a connecting shaft connected with the output shaft of the driving device, the connecting shaft is penetrated on the support frame, the support frame is fixed to the frame, and the end of the connecting shaft facing away from the driving device is fitted with a fixed pulley First, a second pulley is fixed on the rotating shaft, and a conveyor belt is wound on the second pulley and the first pulley.

Preferably, the knives include detachable disc knives and rotary tiller knives.

Preferably, the multifunctional cutter head comprises a disc 1, a disc 2 coaxial with the disc 1 is fixed in the middle of the disc 1, and the center of the disc 2 is provided with an installation for fixing with the rotating shaft sleeve Hole 1, the installation hole 1 penetrates the disc 1, the outer ring of the disc 2 is uniformly provided with a plurality of installation holes 2 for connecting with the detachable disc cutter, and the outer ring of the disc 1 is uniformly distributed. The cloth is provided with a plurality of gaps 1, and a knife seat is matched and installed in the gap 1, and a mounting hole 3 for connecting with the rotary tiller is opened on the knife seat.

Preferably, the detachable disc cutter comprises two connecting pieces and two semi-disc knives, the two semi-disc knives are assembled into a disc cutter, and the two connecting pieces are symmetrically arranged between the two semi-disc knives On the joint between the two, the connecting piece and the half-disc knife are detachably connected by a bolt assembly; the center of the half-disc knife is provided with an arc-shaped gap 2 for accommodating the rotating shaft, and the outer side of the gap two is provided with a The positions of the two mounting holes are the same, so that the fourth mounting hole of the connecting piece can be passed through.

Preferably, the straw clamping device includes:

Fixed plate 1, one of which is provided with a groove 1 on one side surface;

The second fixing plate is arranged below the first fixing plate, and the surface close to the first groove is provided with a second groove, and the second groove and the first groove are assembled to form an accommodation space for accommodating straw;

The insertion rod is fixed on the surface of the second fixing plate facing away from the second groove;

The fastening structure is arranged on the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate, and is used for fixing the relative positions of the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate so as to maintain the state of the straw.

Preferably, an soil tank trolley that moves along the length direction of the soil tank is arranged on the upper edge of the soil tank, and a three-point suspension device is provided on the frame, and the three-point suspension device is hooked to the soil tank trolley.

A test method for a straw supporting cutting performance test platform, comprising the following steps:

Set the tool type:

Connect the selected detachable disc cutter or rotary cutter to the multi-function cutter head;

Set the support method of straw;

Set the working speed of the drive;

Connect the test platform to the soil tank trolley through a three-point suspension device;

Start the driving device and the soil trough trolley, the test platform is driven by the soil trough trolley to move forward, and the straw cutting test is started.

Turn off the drive device and the soil tank trolley, and calculate the straw cutting rate and other indicators;

Repeat the previous steps, change the tool type, working speed and other indicators, and carry out tests of different schemes until the end of the test;

The optimal tool structure type and the optimal value of each parameter were determined by comparing indicators such as different support methods, tool types and structural parameters, tool shaft speed, operating torque under the conditions of forward speed, and straw cutting rate.

Preferably, the straws are supported in the following ways:

The two ends of the straw are placed on the two straw clamping devices respectively, and then the fastening structures on the two straw clamping devices are respectively locked to lock the position state of the straw, which is a double support mode;

The tightening structure of one of the two straw clamping devices is locked, and the position state of the straw is locked, which is a single support mode;

The fastening structures on the two straw gripping devices are not locked, and are in an unsupported manner.

The invention provides a straw supporting cutting performance test platform and test method, and the beneficial effects are:

(1) The straw cutting performance of the cutter can be measured under different straw support modes such as unsupported, single-sided support, and double-sided support;

(2) It is convenient to replace different forms of cutting tools such as rotary tillers and disc knives, which is convenient for testing;

(3) The straw cutting performance and operating power consumption can be measured under different tool types and working parameters, and the optimal configuration parameters can be obtained;

(4) The operation is simple, the measurement is convenient, the practicability is strong, and it is worthy of promotion.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the front view of replacing the upper rotary tiller of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the multifunctional cutter head of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the detachable disc cutter of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the straw clamping device of the present invention.

Reference number:

1. Frame; 2. Shaft; 3. Straw clamping device; 301, Bolt; 302, Fixing plate 1; 303, Fixing plate 2; 304, Nut; 305, Insert rod; 306, Groove 2; 307, Recess Slot 1; 308, connecting hole 1; 4, soil trough; 5, straw; 6, detachable disc cutter; 601, cutter head connecting nut; 602, half disc cutter; 603, mounting hole 4; 604, notch 2 ; 605, connecting hole two; 606, connecting hole three; 607, connecting piece; 608, connecting piece; 7, pulley two; 8, multi-function cutter head; 801, cutter seat; 802, disc one; 1; 804, disc 2; 805, mounting hole 2; 9, mobile device; 10, pulley 1; 11, support frame; 12, connecting shaft; 13, coupling 2; 14, torque speed sensor; 15, Three-point suspension device; 16. Drive device; 17. Rotary tiller.

Detailed ways

The present invention provides a straw supporting cutting performance test platform and a test method. The present invention will be described below with reference to the structural schematic diagrams in FIGS. 1 to 5 .

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a straw supporting cutting performance test platform provided by the present invention includes:

Rack 1, rotating shaft 2, straw clamping device 3, detachable disc cutter 6, pulley 2 7, multifunctional cutter head 8, moving device 9, pulley 1 10, support frame 11, connecting shaft 12, coupling 13 , torque and rotational speed sensor 14 , three-point hitch 15 , driving device 16 and rotary tiller 17 .

Among them, the driving device 16 is preferably a speed regulating motor.

Wherein, the moving device 9 is one of a universal wheel or a ground wheel.

Among them, the speed regulating motor is fixed on one side of the frame 1, the output shaft of the speed regulating motor is connected with one end of the torque speed sensor 14 through the first coupling, and the other end of the torque speed sensor 14 is connected with the connecting shaft through the second coupling 13 12 is connected at one end.

Among them, the torque and rotational speed sensor 14 is fixed on the frame 1 .

The support frame 11 is fixed on the side of the upper part of the frame 1 away from the speed regulating motor, the connecting shaft 12 is erected on the support frame 11 through the bearing, and the other end of the connecting shaft 12 is sheathed and fixed with a pulley 10.

Among them, the rotating shaft 2 is horizontally arranged below the frame 1, and is rotationally connected with the left and right side plates of the frame 1 through the second bearing and the third bearing respectively. A conveyor belt is wound on the second pulley 7 and the first pulley 10, and the transmission of power is realized through the conveyor belt.

In the length direction of the rotating shaft 2, two multi-functional cutter heads 8 are assembled and fixed on the rotating shaft 2 with a distance of 600mm. The multi-functional cutter head 8 is provided with mounting holes 2 805, which can be respectively fixed with the rotary tiller 17 or detachable circular Disk knife 6 and other straw cutting knives.

In actual use, after the driving device 16 is started, the power is transmitted from the driving device 16 to the first pulley 10 through the torque sensor 14 and the connecting shaft 12, and is transmitted to the second pulley 7 through the conveyor belt, and the second pulley 7 drives the rotating shaft 2 to rotate synchronously, And drive the rotary tiller 17 or the detachable disc knife 6 set on it to rotate, so as to realize the cutting of straw.

In order to further optimize the above technical solution, referring to Figures 1 and 5, there are two sets of straw clamping devices 3, which are inserted into the soil in front of the frame 1 during the test, and the distance between the two sets of clamping devices 3 is 100-1000 mm; The group clamping device 3 includes a fixing plate 1 302, a groove 1 307 is formed on one side of the fixing plate 1 302; the fixing plate 2 303 is arranged below the fixing plate 1 302, and a surface close to the groove 1 307 is opened There is a second groove 306, the second groove 306 and the first groove 307 are assembled to form an accommodation space for accommodating the straw 5; the insertion rod 305 is fixed on the surface of the second fixing plate 303 away from the second groove 306, and can be inserted into the soil In the groove soil, it plays a stabilizing role; the tightening structure is arranged on the fixing plate 1 302 and the fixing plate 2 303 to fix the relative positions of the fixing plate 1 302 and the fixing plate 2 303 so as to maintain the state of the straw 5 .

Among them, the fastening structure includes two connecting holes 1 308 opened on the first fixing plate 302, and two connecting holes 2 corresponding to the positions of the two connecting holes 308 are correspondingly opened on the second fixing plate 303. The connecting holes 1 308 and 308 The connection holes correspond to each other, and the bolts 301 for connection are penetrated therein, and the other end of the bolts 301 is sheathed with a nut 304 for fastening.

Among them, the second groove 306 and the first groove 307 have 2-10 continuous arc structures, and the straw can be placed in the continuous arc to reduce the deformation of the straw due to compression.

The first fixing plate 302 and the second fixing plate 303 are fixed by bolts 301 and nuts 304 so as to fix the straw 5 .

Preferably, the length of the insertion rod 305 is 400˜500 mm.

In order to further optimize the above-mentioned technical solution, referring to FIG. 3 , the multifunctional cutter head 8 includes a disc one 802 , a disc two 804 coaxial with the disc one 802 is fixed in the middle of the disc one 802 , and the height of the disc two 804 is It is 1-2mm higher than the outer side of the knife seat; the center of the second disc 804 is provided with a mounting hole 1 for fixing with the rotating shaft 2. There are two mounting holes 805 for connecting with the detachable disc cutter 6. The outer ring of disc one 802 is evenly provided with 4 to 6 notches-803. There are three mounting holes for connecting with the rotary tiller blade 17 .

In order to further optimize the above technical solution, referring to FIG. 4 , the detachable disc cutter 6 includes two half disc cutters 602 , two connecting pieces 607 and four sets of bolts and nuts.

The detachable disc knife 6 includes two connecting pieces 607 and two semi-disc knives 602, the two semi-disc knives 602 are assembled into a disc knife, and the two connecting pieces 607 are symmetrically arranged on the two semi-disc knives 602 On the seam between, the connecting piece 607 and the half-disc knife 602 are detachably connected by a bolt assembly; the center of the half-disc knife 602 is provided with an arc-shaped gap 604 for accommodating the rotating shaft 2, and the second gap 604 The outer side of the shaft is provided with a fourth mounting hole 603 for connecting with the multifunctional cutter head 8 , which is consistent with the position of the second mounting hole 805 , which is convenient for passing the connecting piece 608 .

There are two connecting holes 605 inside the straight side of the half-disk knife 602, which can be connected with the connecting piece 607, so that the two half-disk knives 602 are fixed together, thereby facilitating disassembly and replacement.

The connecting member 608 is preferably a screw or bolt, which passes through the third connecting hole 606 on the connecting piece 607 and then passes through the second connecting hole 605, and then sets the cutter head connecting nut 601 to fix it.

Further, the upper edge of the soil trough is provided with a soil trough trolley that moves along the length direction of the soil trough, the frame is provided with a three-point suspension device, the three-point suspension device 15 is fixed in the middle of the upper part of the frame 1, and the three-point suspension The device is hooked up to the soil tank trolley.

A test method for a straw supporting cutting performance test platform, comprising the following steps:

Set the tool type:

Connect the selected detachable disc cutter or rotary cutter to the multi-function cutter head;

Set the support method of straw;

Among them, the support methods of straw are as follows:

The two ends of the straw are placed on the two straw clamping devices respectively, and then the fastening structures on the two straw clamping devices are respectively locked to lock the position of the straw, which is a double support mode;

The tightening structure of one of the two straw clamping devices is locked, and the position state of the straw is locked, which is a single support mode;

The fastening structures on the two straw gripping devices are not locked, and are in an unsupported manner.

Set the working speed of the drive;

Connect the test platform to the soil tank trolley through a three-point suspension device;

Start the driving device and the soil trough trolley, the test platform is driven by the soil trough trolley to move forward, and the straw cutting test is started.

Turn off the drive device and the soil tank trolley, and calculate the straw cutting rate and other indicators;

Repeat the previous steps, change the tool type, working speed and other indicators, and carry out tests of different schemes until the end of the test;

The optimal tool structure type and the optimal value of each parameter were determined by comparing indicators such as different support methods, tool types and structural parameters, tool shaft speed, operating torque under the conditions of forward speed, and straw cutting rate.

The invention provides a straw supported cutting performance test platform and a test method, which can measure the straw cutting performance of cutters under different straw supporting modes such as unsupported, unilaterally supported, and bilaterally supported, and can be easily replaced, such as rotary tillers and discs. Different forms of cutting tools such as knives are convenient for testing, can simultaneously measure straw cutting performance and operating power consumption, and obtain optimal configuration parameters. The operation is simple, the measurement is convenient, and the practicability is strong.

The above disclosures are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, however, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any changes that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a straw supports cutting performance test platform, includes soil box (4), its characterized in that still includes:

a frame (1);

the moving device (9) is arranged below the rack (1);

the driving device (16) is fixed on the frame (1);

a transmission device, the input end of which is connected with the output shaft of the driving device (16);

the rotating shaft (2) is erected below the frame (1), and one end of the rotating shaft is connected with the output end of the transmission device;

the multifunctional cutter head (8) is sleeved and fixed on the rotating shaft (2);

the cutter is detachably connected to the multifunctional cutter head (8);

at least one straw clamping device (3) is inserted in the soil groove (4).

2. The straw supporting and cutting performance test platform according to claim 1, wherein a torque and rotation speed sensor (14) is connected between the driving device (16) and the transmission device, and the torque and rotation speed sensor (14) and the driving device (16) are electrically connected with an external controller.

3. The straw supporting and cutting performance test platform according to claim 1, wherein the transmission device comprises a connecting shaft (12) connected with an output shaft of the driving device (16), the connecting shaft (12) is arranged on the supporting frame (11) in a penetrating mode, the supporting frame (11) is fixed with the rack (1), one end, away from the driving device (16), of the connecting shaft (12) is sleeved with a first fixed belt wheel (10), the rotating shaft (2) is sleeved with a second fixed belt wheel (7), and the second belt wheel (7) and the first belt wheel (10) are wound with a conveyor belt.

4. The straw support cutting performance test platform of claim 1, wherein the cutter comprises a detachable cutting disc (6) and a rotary blade (17).

5. The straw supporting and cutting performance test platform according to claim 4, characterized in that the multifunctional cutter head (8) comprises a first disc (802), a second disc (804) coaxial with the first disc (802) is fixed in the middle of the first disc (802), a first mounting hole for being fixed with the rotating shaft (2) in a sleeved mode is formed in the center of the second disc (804), the first mounting hole penetrates through the first disc (802), a plurality of second mounting holes (805) used for being connected with the detachable disc cutter (6) are uniformly distributed in the outer ring of the second disc (804), a plurality of first notches (803) are uniformly distributed in the outer ring of the first disc (802), a cutter holder (801) is installed in the first notches (803) in a matched mode, and a third mounting hole used for being connected with the rotary tillage cutter (17) is formed in the cutter holder (801).

6. The straw supporting and cutting performance test platform according to claim 5, wherein the detachable circular cutter (6) comprises two connecting pieces (607) and two half circular cutters (602), the two half circular cutters (602) are assembled into the circular cutter, the two connecting pieces (607) are symmetrically arranged on a joint between the two half circular cutters (602), and the connecting pieces (607) and the half circular cutters (602) are detachably connected through bolt assemblies; an arc-shaped second notch (604) used for accommodating the rotating shaft (2) is formed in the center of the semi-circular disc cutter (602), and a fourth mounting hole (603) which is consistent with the second mounting hole (805) in position and facilitates the penetrating and arranging of a connecting piece is formed in the outer side of the second notch (604).

7. The straw support cutting performance test platform of claim 1, wherein the straw holding device (3) comprises:

a first fixing plate (302), wherein a first groove (307) is formed on one side surface;

the second fixing plate (303) is arranged below the first fixing plate (302), a second groove (306) is formed in the surface, close to the first groove (307), of the second fixing plate, and the second groove (306) and the first groove (307) are spliced to form an accommodating space for accommodating straws (5);

the insert rod (305) is fixed on the surface, deviating from the second groove (306), of the second fixing plate (303);

and the fastening structure is arranged on the first fixing plate (302) and the second fixing plate (303) and is used for fixing the relative positions of the first fixing plate (302) and the second fixing plate (303) so as to keep the state of the straws (5).

8. The straw supporting and cutting performance test platform as claimed in claim 1, wherein a soil tank trolley which moves along the length direction of the soil tank (4) is arranged on the upper edge of the soil tank (4), a three-point suspension device (15) is arranged on the rack (1), and the three-point suspension device (15) is connected with the soil tank trolley in a hanging mode.

9. A test method of a straw supporting and cutting performance test platform is characterized by comprising the following steps:

setting the type of the cutter:

connecting and fixing the selected detachable disc cutter (6) or rotary blade (17) on the multifunctional cutter head (8);

setting a supporting mode of the straw (5);

setting the working speed of the driving device (16);

connecting the test platform with a soil tank trolley through a three-point suspension device (15);

starting a driving device (16) and a soil tank trolley, enabling a test platform to advance under the driving of the soil tank trolley, starting a straw cutting test, and simultaneously starting to collect torque and rotating speed data by a torque rotating speed sensor (14) and uploading the data to an external controller;

closing the driving device (16) and the soil tank trolley, and calculating indexes such as the cutting rate of the straws (5);

repeating the steps, changing indexes such as the type of the cutter, the working speed and the like, and carrying out tests of different schemes until the test is finished;

and comparing indexes such as the operation torque, the straw cutting rate and the like under the conditions of different support modes, cutter types and structural parameters, cutter shaft rotating speeds and advancing speeds, and determining the optimal cutter structural type and the optimal value of each parameter.

10. The test method of the straw support cutting performance test platform according to claim 9, wherein the straw (5) is supported in the following ways:

two ends of the straw (5) are respectively placed on the two straw clamping devices (3), and then the fastening structures on the two straw clamping devices (3) are respectively locked to lock the position state of the straw (5), so that a double-support mode is adopted;

a fastening structure of one of the two straw clamping devices (3) is locked, the position state of the straw (5) is locked, and the straw clamping device is in a single-support mode;

the fastening structures on the two straw clamping devices (3) are not locked and are in a non-supporting mode.

Images