CN111947158A - Hazardous waste low temperature melting system - Google Patents
Hazardous waste low temperature melting system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111947158A CN111947158A CN202010223538.4A CN202010223538A CN111947158A CN 111947158 A CN111947158 A CN 111947158A CN 202010223538 A CN202010223538 A CN 202010223538A CN 111947158 A CN111947158 A CN 111947158A
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 123
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/20—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
- F23J1/06—Mechanically-operated devices, e.g. clinker pushers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J11/00—Devices for conducting smoke or fumes, e.g. flues
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L5/00—Blast-producing apparatus before the fire
- F23L5/02—Arrangements of fans or blowers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/20—Combustion to temperatures melting waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
- F23G2203/20—Rotary drum furnace
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
- F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
- F23J2217/50—Intercepting solids by cleaning fluids (washers or scrubbers)
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-temperature melting system for hazardous wastes, which comprises: the discharge chute of the compatible feeding subsystem for outputting compatible waste is connected with a material inlet of a vertical rotary melting furnace of the low-temperature melting furnace system; the low-temperature melting furnace system comprises a vertical rotary melting furnace and a secondary combustion chamber which are connected in sequence, and the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a high-temperature flue gas outlet; the high-temperature flue gas outlet is connected with a waste heat recovery device; the flue gas outlet of the waste heat recovery equipment is connected with a flue gas purification subsystem, and the flue gas purification subsystem is provided with a standard flue gas outlet. The system can ensure that the wastes in the melting furnace are fully pyrolyzed and incinerated, and combustible components in the smoke generated by the melting furnace and unburnt harmful substances are fully mixed with secondary air and then are fully combusted and thoroughly decomposed in the secondary combustion chamber, so that the melting effect and the smoke treatment effect of the wastes are improved; through the arrangement of the waste heat recovery device and the flue gas purification subsystem, waste heat of flue gas exhausted from the secondary combustion chamber can be recovered firstly and then is exhausted after being purified to reach the standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hazardous waste treatment, in particular to a hazardous waste low-temperature melting system.
Background
With the demand of high-speed economic development in China, the environmental awareness from individuals to the national level is gradually strengthened, and the management, treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes become the key points of environmental protection work in China. Particularly under the call of 'no waste cities', the treatment of dangerous wastes tends to be stricter. At present, solid dangerous waste which is low in calorific value and not suitable for incineration needs to be subjected to stable solidification treatment and then can enter a safe landfill site for landfill, so that the cost of a large amount of land is high, and great potential harm is brought to ecological environment and human health. Aiming at the defects brought by the landfill of the wastes, the vitrification treatment technology of the hazardous wastes gradually becomes an industrial hotspot.
At present, the domestic hazardous waste vitrification mainly adopts a submerged arc furnace kiln technology and a plasma technology to realize harmless and quantitative reduction treatment on partial hazardous waste. The technology for treating hazardous wastes by the submerged arc furnace kiln technology is relatively limited, the technology is from the field of metallurgy, strict requirements are imposed on the compatibility of vitrified raw materials and crystal forming, and in addition, a large amount of fuel or electric power needs to be supplemented to realize high-temperature melting. The plasma technology has the advantages of high central flame temperature, high burning rate and the like, but the application of the plasma technology is limited by the defects of complex system, high operation cost, short maintenance time and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a low-temperature melting system for hazardous wastes, which can solve the problems of complexity, high energy consumption, unstable operation and the like of the conventional vitrification melting system for treating hazardous wastes by using a plasma technology.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an embodiment of the present invention provides a hazardous waste low-temperature melting system, including:
the system comprises a compatible feeding subsystem, a low-temperature melting furnace system, a waste heat boiler and a flue gas purification subsystem; wherein,
the compatible feeding subsystem is provided with a compatible waste outlet which is connected with a material inlet of a vertical rotary melting furnace of the low-temperature melting furnace system;
the low temperature melting furnace system includes: the vertical rotary melting furnace, the primary fan, the slag discharging machine, the ash slag car, the secondary fan, the auxiliary burner, the secondary combustion chamber and the emergency discharge chimney; wherein,
one side of the bottom of the vertical rotary melting furnace is connected with the primary fan, the other side of the bottom of the vertical rotary melting furnace is provided with the slag discharging machine connected with a slag discharging hole, and an outlet of the slag discharging machine corresponds to the ash residue vehicle below;
the top of the vertical rotary melting furnace is respectively provided with a flue gas outlet and the material inlet, and the flue gas outlet is connected with the second combustion chamber;
the secondary combustion chamber is provided with the auxiliary burner; the upper part of the second combustion chamber is provided with a flue connected with the vertical rotary melting furnace; the lower part of the second combustion chamber is provided with a high-temperature flue gas outlet;
the waste heat boiler is connected with a high-temperature flue gas outlet of a secondary combustion chamber of the low-temperature melting furnace system; the waste heat boiler is provided with a flue gas outlet;
the flue gas purification subsystem is connected with a flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler subsystem, and the flue gas purification subsystem is provided with a standard flue gas outlet.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the hazardous waste low-temperature melting system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the waste and the auxiliary materials can be matched and then conveyed to the low-temperature melting furnace system for melting treatment through the compatible feeding subsystem, the low-temperature melting furnace system adopts a vertical rotary melting furnace and a secondary combustion chamber, the waste in the melting furnace can be fully pyrolyzed and burned, combustible components in the smoke generated by the melting furnace and harmful substances which are not burned out are fully mixed with secondary air, and the mixture is fully combusted and thoroughly decomposed in the secondary combustion chamber, so that the melting furnace and smoke treatment effects of the waste are improved; through the arrangement of the waste heat recovery device and the flue gas purification subsystem, waste heat of flue gas exhausted from the secondary combustion chamber can be recovered firstly and then is exhausted after being purified to reach the standard. The system has the advantages of relatively simple structure, stable operation and good treatment effect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cryogenic melting system for hazardous waste according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the parts corresponding to each mark in the figure are: 1-a waste storage pool; 2-a grab crane; 3-compatibility mixer; 4-a screw conveyor; 5-a first auxiliary bin; 6-a second auxiliary material bin; 7-a third auxiliary material bin; 8-a waste transporter; 9-turnover bucket; 10-bucket elevator; 11-a feeding bin; 12-a feed chute; 13-two roll feeder; 14-vertical rotary melting furnace; 15-a primary air fan; 16-a slag extractor; 17-ash car; 18-a secondary air fan; 19-an auxiliary burner; 20-a second combustion chamber; 21-emergency discharge chimney; 22-a waste heat boiler; 23-acid removal column; 24-an alkali liquor spraying device; 25-dry spraying means; 26-bag dust collector; 27-a draught fan; 28-chimney.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific contents of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a hazardous waste low-temperature melting system, including:
the system comprises a compatible feeding subsystem, a low-temperature melting furnace system, a waste heat recovery device and a flue gas purification subsystem; wherein,
the compatible feeding subsystem is provided with a discharge chute for outputting compatible waste materials, and the discharge chute is connected with a material inlet of a vertical rotary melting furnace of the low-temperature melting furnace system;
the low temperature melting furnace system includes: the vertical rotary melting furnace, the primary fan, the slag discharging machine, the ash slag car, the secondary fan, the auxiliary burner, the secondary combustion chamber and the emergency discharge chimney; wherein,
one side of the bottom of the vertical rotary melting furnace is connected with the primary fan, the other side of the bottom of the vertical rotary melting furnace is provided with the slag discharging machine connected with a slag discharging hole, and an outlet of the slag discharging machine corresponds to the ash residue vehicle below;
the top of the vertical rotary melting furnace is respectively provided with a flue gas outlet and the material inlet, and the flue gas outlet is connected with the second combustion chamber;
the secondary combustion chamber is provided with the auxiliary burner; the upper part of the second combustion chamber is provided with a flue connected with the vertical rotary melting furnace; the lower part of the second combustion chamber is provided with a high-temperature flue gas outlet;
the waste heat recovery equipment is connected with a high-temperature flue gas outlet of a secondary combustion chamber of the low-temperature melting furnace system; the waste heat recovery device is provided with a flue gas outlet;
the flue gas purification subsystem is connected with a flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler subsystem, and the flue gas purification subsystem is provided with a standard flue gas outlet.
In the melting system, the vertical rotary melting furnace adopts a vertical cylindrical furnace body, the vertical cylindrical furnace body is divided into an upper-section furnace body and a lower-section furnace body, and a fireproof and corrosion-resistant protective layer serving as an upper protective layer is arranged on the inner wall of the upper-section furnace body, namely a protective layer consisting of fireproof materials and corrosion-resistant materials is arranged; the outer wall of the lower furnace body is provided with a water-cooled wall, the rotary fire grate is correspondingly arranged in the lower furnace body, and the water-cooled wall is used as a protective layer, so that the radiation influence of high temperature on the fire grate can be reduced.
The vertical rotary melting furnace is internally provided with a drying section, a pyrolysis burning section, a melting section and a cooling section from top to bottom in sequence.
In the melting system, a water seal tank for sealing is arranged between a furnace body and a furnace cover of the vertical rotary melting furnace, and a measuring probe is arranged in a hearth of the vertical rotary melting furnace. Preferably, the measuring probe or probes can monitor the smoke temperature, the negative pressure value and the like in the furnace respectively.
In the melting system, the bottom in the vertical rotary melting furnace is provided with a rotary grate with a tower-shaped cone structure.
In the melting system, the slag extractor of the low-temperature melting furnace system adopts a chain type water-sealed slag extractor. Is convenient for cooling and deslagging.
In the melting system, a second combustion chamber adopts a cylindrical vertical structure, the outer wall of the second combustion chamber is supported by a steel plate, and the inner wall of the second combustion chamber is a fireproof heat-insulating layer built by fireproof and heat-insulating materials;
and an annular air distribution device is arranged below the flue gas inlet in the secondary combustion chamber, and is connected with the secondary fan sequentially arranged through a pipeline and the feeding bin of the compatible feeding subsystem.
In the above melting system, the compatible feeding subsystem comprises: the device comprises a waste storage tank, a grab bucket crane, a compatibility mixer, a first auxiliary storage bin, a second auxiliary storage bin, a third auxiliary storage bin, three spiral conveyors, a turnover barrel mechanism, a bucket elevator, a feeding bin, a feeding chute and a double-roller feeder; wherein the waste storage tank is connected with the compatibility mixer through the grab crane;
the first auxiliary material bin, the second auxiliary material bin and the third auxiliary material bin are all connected with the compatibility mixer through a screw conveyer;
the bottom discharge port of the compatibility mixer is connected with the turnover barrel mechanism, the turnover barrel mechanism is connected with the feeding bin through the bucket elevator, the feeding bin is connected with a double-roller feeder through the feeding chute, and the double-roller feeder is provided with a compatibility waste outlet connected with a material inlet of a vertical rotary melting furnace of the low-temperature melting furnace system.
In the melting system, the waste heat recovery device adopts a waste heat boiler with a membrane wall radiation heating structure, and a heat exchange tube in the waste heat boiler is far away from a flue gas inlet of the waste heat boiler.
In the above melting system, the flue gas cleaning subsystem comprises: a semidry deacidification device, a bag-type dust collector, an induced draft fan and a chimney; wherein,
the semi-dry deacidification device is connected with the bag-type dust remover, the draught fan and the chimney in sequence, namely, an outlet of the bag-type dust remover is connected with an inlet of the draught fan, and an outlet of the draught fan is connected with the chimney.
Among the above-mentioned melting system, semidry process deacidification device includes:
an acid removal tower, an alkali liquor spraying device and a dry spraying device; wherein,
the top in the acid removal tower is provided with the alkali liquor spraying device;
the acid removing tower is provided with a flue gas pipeline connected with the bag-type dust remover, and the dry-method injection device is arranged on the flue gas pipeline.
The embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.
The invention provides a hazardous waste melting system which can melt hazardous waste at low temperature, couples hazardous waste incineration and vitrification technology, is matched with a corresponding waste heat boiler and a smoke purification subsystem, and can solve the problems of complexity, high energy consumption, unstable operation and the like of the traditional vitrification melting system. The melting system specifically includes: a material matching subsystem, a low-temperature melting furnace system, a waste heat recovery device and a flue gas purification subsystem; wherein,
the compatible feeding subsystem comprises: first auxiliary material storehouse, second auxiliary material storehouse, third auxiliary material storehouse, screw conveyer, grab bucket driving, compatibility blender, bucket elevator, feeding storehouse, feeding chute, two roller feeders should combine feeding subsystem compact structure reasonable, adopt to seal between each equipment and connect, can effectively avoid the pollution of dust and smog to the air.
The low-temperature melting furnace system adopts a vertical rotary melting furnace and a secondary combustion chamber, the outer shell of the vertical rotary melting furnace is processed and welded by steel plates, the interior of the vertical rotary melting furnace is built by refractory materials, and the whole melting furnace consists of a drying section, a pyrolysis incineration section, a melting section and a cooling section; the waste after compatibility is fed from the top of the vertical rotary melting furnace and then begins to be heated by heat generated by pyrolysis and incineration of the waste at the bottom layer in the melting furnace, the waste begins to decompose after being heated to a certain temperature, the waste enters the furnace in the early stage and then is subjected to processes of heating, drying, pyrolysis and incineration and melting along with the addition of new materials and the gradual discharge of molten slag, and the molten slag is continuously discharged after being discharged through the rotary furnace and broken slag and falls into the chain type water-seal slag extractor to be automatically discharged. In order to ensure that the waste in the melting furnace is fully pyrolyzed and incinerated and provide the temperature required by melting, the bottom of the melting furnace is provided with a primary fan.
The bottom in the vertical rotary melting furnace is provided with a rotary grate which is a core part of the melting furnace and is of a tower-shaped cone structure, and the rotary grate slowly rotates under the driving of a motor through a transmission device at the bottom in a furnace body; rotating the grate to fully mix the burned residues with primary air, ensuring complete burning, providing enough reaction temperature for material melting, and forming a molten material layer with the thickness of 0.2-0.5 m on the upper part of the grate under the condition of continuous feeding; in addition, the rotary grate can realize powerful slag breaking, and can crush and extrude melted vitrified solids to form a slag extractor with small residues falling into the bottom of the furnace body.
The vertical rotary melting furnace is of a vertical cylindrical structure and is divided into an upper furnace body and a lower furnace body, the lower furnace body of the melting furnace is correspondingly provided with a rotary grate, a water-cooled wall is used as a protective layer to reduce the radiation influence of high temperature on the grate, the upper furnace body of the melting furnace is provided with the protective layer made of refractory materials and corrosion-resistant materials, and the furnace body and the furnace cover are sealed by a water seal groove. The hearth is internally provided with a measuring probe for monitoring smoke temperature, negative pressure value and the like. The refractory material in the incinerator is high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant and wear resistant material.
In the low-temperature melting furnace system, the secondary combustion chamber adopts a cylindrical vertical structure, the inner wall of the secondary combustion chamber is built by refractory and heat-insulating materials, and the outer wall of the secondary combustion chamber is supported by a steel plate. The flue gas inlet of the second combustion chamber is provided with an annular air distribution device, combustible components and un-burnt harmful substances in the flue gas generated by the melting furnace are fully mixed with secondary air, and the mixture is completely combusted and thoroughly decomposed in the second combustion chamber.
The waste heat recovery device adopts a waste heat boiler for cooling high-temperature flue gas from the secondary combustion chamber, and the temperature of the flue gas can be reduced to about 250 ℃ from more than 1000 ℃. The waste heat boiler fully considers the high temperature and low temperature corrosion of the flue gas; the waste heat boiler adopts a membrane wall radiation heating structure, and a flue inlet of the waste heat boiler is not provided with a heat exchange pipe for directly blowing flue gas, so that high-temperature corrosion is avoided; a heat exchange tube bundle is arranged in a low-temperature area (500-250 ℃) in the waste heat boiler.
The flue gas purification subsystem is a semi-dry flue gas treatment system, and is mainly formed by sequentially connecting a semi-dry deacidification device, a dry powder (slaked lime and activated carbon powder) injection device, a bag-type dust remover, an induced draft fan and a chimney, wherein the semi-dry deacidification device is composed of an acid removal tower provided with an alkali liquor spraying device and a dry injection device. The flue gas purification subsystem capable of realizing the semi-dry flue gas purification combines the advantages of the dry method and the wet method, has simple structure, small pressure difference and low energy consumption, and can ensure that the flue gas emission meets the requirements of hazardous waste incineration pollution control standard.
Examples
The hazardous waste melting system provided by the invention is used for matching the hazardous waste with auxiliary materials, and meets the matching requirements that the heat value is more than 3500kcal/kg and the contents of S and Cl are less than 5%Adding a certain amount of auxiliary materials according to the vitrified crystal analysis of the slag after incineration, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise SiO2、Al2O3And NaOH; through the compatibility and mixing of the materials, a low-melting-point vitrified product is formed after the reaction in a low-temperature melting furnace.
The system is mainly suitable for solid and semisolid dangerous wastes, the dangerous wastes pass through a grab bucket crane on the upper part of the waste storage pool, are mixed and grabbed to a compatibility mixer, and simultaneously SiO (silicon dioxide) in three auxiliary bins (namely a first auxiliary bin, a second auxiliary bin and a third auxiliary bin)2、Al2O3Conveying the powder and NaOH to a compatibility mixer through a screw conveyor, and conveying the powder and NaOH to a turnover barrel of a turnover barrel mechanism through a discharge chute after continuous or intermittent stirring of the compatibility mixer;
the turnover barrel is conveyed into a feeding bin through a bucket elevator, and waste in the feeding bin is conveyed to the vertical rotary melting furnace through a feeding chute and a double-roller feeder; waste entering the furnace is subjected to heating, drying, pyrolysis, burning, melting and cooling processes in sequence, and molten slag is continuously discharged after being broken through a fire grate and falls into a water-sealed slag discharging machine for automatic discharge; the temperature of the melting furnace is 800-1000 ℃, and in order to maintain the high-temperature working condition of the melting furnace, a primary fan is arranged to distribute air to the bottom of the melting furnace;
combustible components and un-burnt harmful substances in the smoke generated by the melting furnace are fully mixed with secondary air, and the mixture is sprayed into a secondary combustion chamber to be completely combusted and thoroughly decomposed; the residence time of the secondary combustion chamber is more than 2 seconds at the temperature of 900-1100 ℃. An auxiliary burner is arranged on the side wall of the secondary combustion chamber and is used when the melting furnace is started and the furnace temperature is kept when the waste heat value is low;
fully incinerating in a secondary combustion chamber, wherein the temperature of outlet flue gas is about 1100 ℃, and performing heat exchange and cooling by using a waste heat boiler as waste heat recovery equipment, wherein the temperature of the flue gas can be reduced from more than 1000 ℃ to about 250 ℃; steam generated by heat exchange of the waste heat boiler is used for other facilities of the system;
the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 250 ℃ after heat exchange by a waste heat boiler, and then the flue gas enters an acid removal tower of a semi-dry method acid removal device, wherein the acid removal tower consists of a front section and a rear section, the front section is a spray acid removal tower, the flue gas is directly sprayed and regulated in reaction temperature by alkali liquor atomization in the front tower for preliminary deacidification and humidification, and the rear section is a drying tower, so that the reaction time can be prolonged, and further deacidification of the flue gas is promoted;
the flue gas after deacidification enters a dry powder spraying device, and slaked lime powder and activated carbon powder are mainly sprayed to ensure that the flue gas and the slaked lime powder or the activated carbon are fully mixed. The flue gas after adsorption reaction enters a bag-type dust remover to remove dust. The flue gas is discharged into a chimney through a draught fan after being purified;
the feeding bin is sealed, and the interior of the feeding bin extracts air from a secondary air inlet arranged at the top of the feeding bin to form micro negative pressure, so that the influence on the environment due to the leakage of waste gas is avoided.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A hazardous waste low temperature melting system, comprising:
the system comprises a compatible feeding subsystem, a low-temperature melting furnace system, a waste heat recovery device and a flue gas purification subsystem; wherein,
the compatible feeding subsystem is provided with a discharge chute for outputting compatible waste materials, and the discharge chute is connected with a material inlet of a vertical rotary melting furnace of the low-temperature melting furnace system;
the low temperature melting furnace system includes: the vertical rotary melting furnace, the primary fan, the slag discharging machine, the ash slag car, the secondary fan, the auxiliary burner, the secondary combustion chamber and the emergency discharge chimney; wherein,
one side of the bottom of the vertical rotary melting furnace is connected with the primary fan, the other side of the bottom of the vertical rotary melting furnace is provided with the slag discharging machine connected with a slag discharging hole, and an outlet of the slag discharging machine corresponds to the ash residue vehicle below;
the top of the vertical rotary melting furnace is respectively provided with a flue gas outlet and the material inlet, and the flue gas outlet is connected with the second combustion chamber;
the secondary combustion chamber is provided with the auxiliary burner; the upper part of the second combustion chamber is provided with a flue connected with the vertical rotary melting furnace; the lower part of the second combustion chamber is provided with a high-temperature flue gas outlet;
the waste heat recovery equipment is connected with a high-temperature flue gas outlet of a secondary combustion chamber of the low-temperature melting furnace system; the waste heat recovery equipment is provided with a flue gas outlet pipe;
the flue gas purification subsystem is connected with a flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler subsystem, and the flue gas purification subsystem is provided with a standard flue gas outlet.
2. The hazardous waste low-temperature melting system according to claim 1, wherein the vertical rotary melting furnace adopts a vertical cylindrical structure furnace body, the vertical cylindrical structure furnace body is provided with an upper section furnace body and a lower section furnace body, and a fireproof and corrosion-resistant protective layer is arranged on the inner wall of the upper section furnace body and serves as an upper protective layer; the outer wall of the lower furnace body is provided with a water-cooled wall, and a rotary grate is correspondingly arranged in the lower furnace body.
3. The hazardous waste low-temperature melting system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a water seal tank for sealing is arranged between the furnace body and the furnace cover of the vertical rotary melting furnace, and a measuring probe is arranged in the hearth of the vertical rotary melting furnace.
4. The hazardous waste low temperature melting system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bottom inside the vertical rotary melting furnace is provided with a rotary grate having a tower-shaped cone structure.
5. A hazardous waste low temperature melting system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tapping machine of the low temperature melting furnace system employs a chain water seal tapping machine.
6. The hazardous waste low-temperature melting system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the secondary combustion chamber is of a cylindrical vertical structure, the outer wall of the secondary combustion chamber is supported by steel plates, and the inner wall of the secondary combustion chamber is a fireproof insulating layer built by fireproof and insulating materials;
and an annular air distribution device is arranged below the flue gas inlet in the secondary combustion chamber, and is connected with the secondary fan sequentially arranged through a pipeline and the feeding bin of the compatible feeding subsystem.
7. The hazardous waste low temperature melting system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the compatible feed subsystem comprises:
the device comprises a waste storage tank, a grab bucket crane, a compatibility mixer, a first auxiliary storage bin, a second auxiliary storage bin, a third auxiliary storage bin, three spiral conveyors, a turnover barrel mechanism, a bucket elevator, a feeding bin, a feeding chute and a double-roller feeder; wherein,
the waste storage tank is connected with the compatibility mixer through the grab crane;
the first auxiliary material bin, the second auxiliary material bin and the third auxiliary material bin are all connected with the compatibility mixer through a screw conveyer;
the bottom discharge port of the compatibility mixer is connected with the turnover barrel mechanism, the turnover barrel mechanism is connected with the feeding bin through the bucket elevator, the feeding bin is connected with a double-roller feeder through the feeding chute, and the double-roller feeder is provided with a compatibility waste outlet connected with a material inlet of a vertical rotary melting furnace of the low-temperature melting furnace system.
8. The hazardous waste low-temperature melting system according to claim 1, wherein the waste heat recovery device adopts a waste heat boiler of a membrane wall radiation heating structure, and a heat exchange pipe in the waste heat boiler is arranged in a low-temperature region far away from a flue inlet in the waste heat boiler.
9. The hazardous waste cryogenic melting system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the flue gas cleaning subsystem comprises:
the device comprises a semidry deacidification device, a bag-type dust remover, a draught fan, a chimney, an alkali liquor spraying device and a dry powder spraying device; wherein,
and the semidry deacidification device is sequentially connected with the bag-type dust remover, the draught fan and the chimney.
10. The hazardous waste low-temperature melting system according to claim 9, wherein the semi-dry deacidification apparatus comprises:
an acid removal tower, an alkali liquor spraying device and a dry spraying device; wherein,
the top in the acid removal tower is provided with the alkali liquor spraying device;
the acid removing tower is provided with a flue gas pipeline connected with the bag-type dust remover, and the dry-method injection device is arranged on the flue gas pipeline.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113074375A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-07-06 | 中节能工程技术研究院有限公司 | Hazardous waste incineration and melting system and incineration and melting method thereof |
| CN114623446A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-14 | 山西正和热电工程有限公司 | Dangerous waste melting and solidifying treatment system |
| CN114798664A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-07-29 | 上海市机电设计研究院有限公司 | Waste salt disposal system and process based on high-temperature melting |
| CN116174454A (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-05-30 | 上海市固体废物处置有限公司 | Medical waste and dangerous waste incineration ash high-temperature melting treatment system |
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| CN212673230U (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-03-09 | 启迪环境科技发展股份有限公司 | Hazardous waste low temperature melting system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN212673230U (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-03-09 | 启迪环境科技发展股份有限公司 | Hazardous waste low temperature melting system |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114623446A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-14 | 山西正和热电工程有限公司 | Dangerous waste melting and solidifying treatment system |
| CN114798664A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-07-29 | 上海市机电设计研究院有限公司 | Waste salt disposal system and process based on high-temperature melting |
| CN113074375A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-07-06 | 中节能工程技术研究院有限公司 | Hazardous waste incineration and melting system and incineration and melting method thereof |
| CN116174454A (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-05-30 | 上海市固体废物处置有限公司 | Medical waste and dangerous waste incineration ash high-temperature melting treatment system |
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