CN111936309A - 电子器件用阻挡膜 - Google Patents
电子器件用阻挡膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111936309A CN111936309A CN201980024153.0A CN201980024153A CN111936309A CN 111936309 A CN111936309 A CN 111936309A CN 201980024153 A CN201980024153 A CN 201980024153A CN 111936309 A CN111936309 A CN 111936309A
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- barrier film
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- hygroscopic
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
Abstract
本发明的目的是提供显示优异且持久的阻水性的电子器件用阻挡膜。本发明的特征在于,将水分透过率(23℃,RH50%)设定为10‑4g/m2/天以下,并且将含水率维持在2000ppm以下。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用作用于密封例如有机电致发光(EL)器件、和太阳能电池等电子器件的构件的阻挡膜。
背景技术
为了避免由水引起的电荷泄漏,对于近年来已开发并投入实际使用的各种电子器件(例如有机电致发光(有机EL)器件、太阳能电池、触摸面板和电子纸),要求高度的阻水性。
作为改善各种塑料基材的性质、特别是阻气性的手段,已知有通过在塑料基材的表面上的气相沉积来形成氧化硅的无机薄膜(无机阻挡层)的技术(专利文献1)。设置有此类无机薄膜的膜已被广泛用作阻挡膜。然而,该阻挡膜不足以满足上述电子器件要求的阻水性。此外,残留在用作塑料基材的树脂中的水导致器件显著劣化。
此外,为了满足这些要求,提出了一种阻水性层叠体,其具有在其上层叠有使用吸湿性离子性聚合物作为基质的水分捕捉层的结构(专利文献2)。
通过在借助气相沉积等方法在塑料膜的表面上形成的无机阻挡层上涂布用于形成含离子性聚合物的捕捉层的涂料组合物、随后固化,来形成水分捕捉层。在形成捕捉层后,该水分捕捉层显示改善的阻水性。
然而,即使通过使用能够显示改善的阻水性的阻挡膜,该问题仍未解决,即,由残留在用作塑料基材的树脂中的水而使器件劣化。
现有技术文献:
专利文献:
专利文献1:日本专利特开No.2000-255579
专利文献2:日本专利特开No.2015-96320
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
因此,本发明的目的是提供显示优异的阻水性、抑制电子器件由残留在用作塑料基材的树脂中的水分而劣化、并且优异地维持阻水性的电子器件用阻挡膜。
用于解决问题的方案
根据本发明,提供一种电子器件用阻挡膜,其特征在于,其具有设定为10-4g/m2/天以下的水分透过率(23℃,RH50%)、和维持为2000ppm以下的含水率。
在本发明中,可以优选采用以下实施方案。
(1)将含水率维持在100ppm以下;
(2)阻挡膜具有至少一层无机阻挡层;
(3)阻挡膜具有位于无机阻挡层下方的塑料基材层;
(4)通过使用聚酯树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂或环状烯烃系树脂来形成塑料基材层;
(5)阻挡膜设置有水分捕捉层;
(6)水分捕捉层是含有离子性聚合物的层;
(7)阻挡膜包括塑料基材层和在该基材层上形成的无机阻挡层,并且在该无机阻挡层上形成水分捕捉层;
(8)以被干燥剂片可剥离地保持的方式保存阻挡膜;
(9)阻挡膜被干燥剂片夹持;和
(10)干燥剂片包括分散有干燥剂的吸湿性树脂层、和在该吸湿性树脂层的一个表面上形成的表面保护树脂层,所述表面保护树脂层在40℃和90%RH下具有40g/m2·天以下的水分透过率,并且所述干燥剂片配置成吸湿性树脂层的另一个表面面向阻挡膜。
发明的效果
本发明的阻挡膜用作用于密封各种电子器件的构件,并且有效地防止水侵入器件的内部。此处,特别重要的特征在于,阻挡膜具有设定为10-4g/m2/天以下的水分透过率(23℃,RH50%)、和维持为2000ppm以下、特别是100ppm以下的含水率。即,本发明的阻挡膜具有优异的阻水性并且具有维持为非常小的含水率。因此,当使用阻挡膜时,由于其中的含水率维持为非常小,阻挡膜能够长期显示优异的阻水性。
附图说明
[图1]为示意性地示出本发明的阻挡膜的层结构的侧面截面图。
[图2]为示出本发明的阻挡膜的保存状态的图。
[图3]为示意性地示出用于保存本发明的阻挡膜的干燥剂片的层结构的截面图。
具体实施方式
本发明的阻挡膜具有设定为10-4g/m2/天以下、更优选地10-5g/m2/天以下、并且最优选地10-6g/m2/天以下的水分透过率(23℃,RH50%),和维持为2000ppm以下、特别是100ppm以下的含水率。通过将多个无机阻挡层彼此叠置或者通过制成包括吸收和捕捉水分的水分捕捉层的多层结构,具有如此低的水分透过率和低含水率的本发明的阻挡膜变得能够改善对氧或对水的阻挡性,因此变得能够显示作为用于各种器件的密封构件的改善的性能。
图1示出此类阻挡膜的层结构。
参照图1,总体上用1表示的本发明的阻挡膜包括无机阻挡层3,该无机阻挡层3适当地保持在用作底层的塑料基材层5上。另外,根据需要,在无机阻挡层3上设置水分捕捉层7以提高阻水性。
即,本发明的阻挡膜1可以是单层无机阻挡层3的膜,只要其满足预定的水分透过率和含水率即可。然而,当将其用作要求高度阻水性的用于密封各种电子器件的构件时,为了满足要求的阻水性,将阻挡膜制成包括在无机阻挡层3上形成的水分捕捉层7的多层结构。基于该层结构,阻挡膜显示出上述水分透过率并且具有设定在预定范围内的含水率。
<无机阻挡层3>
在用作底层的塑料基材层5上形成无机阻挡层3,并且所述无机阻挡层3可以是例如在日本专利特开No.2015-96320中教导的公知的层。从确保高度的氧阻挡性的观点,无机阻挡层3应当优选为通过例如溅射、真空气相沉积或离子镀等物理气相沉积,或者通过例如等离子体CVD等化学气相沉积而沉积的无机膜,并且应当是例如通过使用各种金属或金属氧化物而形成的膜。具体地,从显示不仅对氧而且对水的优异的阻挡性的观点,无机阻挡层3应当优选为由等离子体CVD形成的膜。
此处,为了通过等离子体CVD形成膜,将位于无机阻挡层3下方的膜形式的塑料基材层5配置在维持预定真空度的等离子体处理室中,将用于形成膜的金属或金属化合物的气体(反应气体)和氧化性气体(通常为氧气或NOx气体)与例如氩气或氦气等适当的载气通过气体供给管一起供给至被金属壁屏蔽、并且其中压力降低至预定的真空度的等离子体处理室,在该状态下,在微波电场或高频电场中产生辉光放电,通过利用其电能产生等离子体,并且由化合物分解的产物沉积在塑料基材层5的表面上,从而形成膜。
作为反应气体,通常,从形成包括在下面的基材层5的表面上的含碳的柔性区域和在其上具有高氧化度和高度阻挡性的区域的膜的观点,可以优选使用有机金属化合物的气体。例如,期望使用例如三烷基铝等有机铝化合物的气体,或者有机钛化合物、有机锆化合物或有机硅化合物的气体。具体地,从相对容易且有效地形成对氧气具有高度的阻挡性的无机阻挡层3的观点,最期望使用有机硅化合物。
作为有机硅化合物,可以示例例如六甲基二硅烷、乙烯基三甲基硅烷、甲基硅烷、二甲基硅烷、三甲基硅烷、二乙基硅烷、丙基硅烷、苯基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、四甲氧基硅烷、四乙氧基硅烷、苯基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三甲氧基硅烷和甲基三乙氧基硅烷等有机硅烷化合物,以及例如八甲基环四硅氧烷、1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷和六甲基二硅氧烷等有机硅氧烷化合物。除它们之外,还可以使用氨基硅烷和硅氮烷。
上述有机金属化合物可以单独使用或以两种以上的组合使用。
无机阻挡层3的厚度可以取决于下面的塑料基材层5的厚度来设定,以满足预定的水分透过率。通常,无机阻挡层3可以具有4至500nm、特别是约30至约400nm的厚度。
也可以通过涂布法代替气相沉积等手段在塑料基材层5上形成上述无机阻挡层3。即,通过涂布法形成的无机阻挡层3具有比通过气相沉积形成的无机阻挡层更低的氧阻挡性。然而,取决于要求的对氧的阻挡性的程度,通过涂布法形成的无机阻挡层3将足以满足该需要。
关于通过涂布法形成无机阻挡层3,代表性的实例包括制备包含作为成膜组分的聚硅氮烷或缩聚性硅烷化合物(例如,烷氧基硅烷等)和缩聚性氧化铝化合物(例如,烷氧基铝等)、并且进一步包含例如二氧化硅或氧化铝等无机细颗粒的有机溶剂溶液,将有机溶剂溶液涂布至预定的表面上,然后加热,从而使有机溶剂挥发,由此形成膜。
<塑料基材层5>
如已经描述的,塑料基材层5位于将后述的无机阻挡层3的下方,并且通常通过使用热塑性或热固性树脂,取决于树脂的形式,通过例如注射或共注射成形、挤出或共挤出成形、膜或片成形法、压缩成形法或流延聚合法等方法来形成。
通常,从成形性和成本的观点,优选热塑性树脂。
作为热塑性树脂,可以示例例如低密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚1-丁烯、聚4-甲基-1-戊烯和α-烯烃(例如乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯和4-甲基-1-戊烯)的无规或嵌段共聚物等聚烯烃;例如环状烯烃共聚物和环状烯烃聚合物等环状烯烃系树脂;例如乙烯·乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯·乙烯醇共聚物和乙烯·氯乙烯共聚物等乙烯·乙烯基化合物共聚物;例如聚苯乙烯、丙烯腈·苯乙烯共聚物、ABS和α-甲基苯乙烯·苯乙烯共聚物等苯乙烯系树脂;例如聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、氯乙烯·偏二氯乙烯共聚物、聚丙烯酸甲酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯等聚乙烯基化合物;例如尼龙6、尼龙6-6、尼龙6-10、尼龙11和尼龙12等聚酰胺;例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)等热塑性聚酯;聚碳酸酯;聚苯醚;以及聚酰亚胺树脂、聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂、聚醚酰亚胺树脂、含氟树脂、烯丙基树脂、聚氨酯树脂、纤维素树脂、聚砜树脂、聚醚砜树脂、酮树脂、氨基树脂和例如聚乳酸等生物降解性树脂。可以进一步使用它们的共混物或者在共聚时适当改性的上述树脂(例如,酸改性的烯烃系树脂等)。
此外,期望通过使用例如乙烯·乙烯醇共聚物等具有优异的氧阻挡性的阻气性树脂来形成基材层5。或者,基材层5可以具有包括通过使用阻气性树脂形成的层的多层结构。
在本发明中,从例如容易获得、成本、成形性、一定程度上对氧的阻挡性以及适于形成在将后述的无机阻挡层3下方等的观点,更优选使用例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯或聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯等聚酯树脂的膜,聚酰亚胺树脂或环状烯烃共聚物的膜,或者例如环状烯烃共聚物或环状烯烃聚合物等环状烯烃系树脂的膜作为基材层5。
对塑料基材层5的厚度没有特别限制。然而,如果厚度太大,则阻挡膜1获得增大的水分透过率,并且会变得难以满足上述水分透过率。此外,阻挡膜1失去柔性。因此,通常将基材层5的厚度设定为200μm以下、优选为125μm以下,并且,在该范围内,将阻挡膜1的水分透过率调整为位于上述范围内。
<水分捕捉层7>
在本发明中,水分捕捉层7起到切断沿阻挡膜1的厚度方向流动的水分的作用,并且在要求高度的阻水性的情况下设置。
水分捕捉层7只要其显示水分切断性就没有特别限制,并且本身可以是例如通过在预定的树脂层中分散例如沸石等吸湿剂而形成的层等公知的层。然而,当要求对水的高度的阻挡性时,例如,当期望实现10-5g/m2/天以下、特别是10-6g/m2/天以下的水分透过率(23℃,RH50%)时,期望通过使用在日本专利特开No.2015-96320中公开的离子性聚合物来形成水分捕捉层7。更期望地,通过使用离子性聚合物作为基质并且通过在基质中分散极限湿度低于离子性聚合物的极限湿度的吸湿剂来形成水分捕捉层7。在使用离子性聚合物作为基质时,水分捕捉层7很好地捕捉水分。此外,当在其中分散具有较低的极限湿度的吸湿剂时,可以有效地防止水分捕捉层7由于吸收水分而变形或溶胀。
优选用于形成水分捕捉层7的离子性聚合物可以分为阳离子性聚合物和阴离子性聚合物。
阳离子性聚合物是在其分子中具有可在水中形成正电荷的阳离子性基团,例如伯氨基至叔氨基、季铵基、吡啶基、咪唑基或季吡啶鎓的聚合物。对于该阳离子性聚合物,阳离子性基团显示强的亲核作用并且通过氢键捕捉水。即,阳离子性聚合物形成吸湿性基质。
阳离子性聚合物中的阳离子性基团的量通常应使得该聚合物在湿度为80%RH和30℃的气氛中获得20%以上、特别是30%至45%的吸水率(JISK-7209-1984)。
作为阳离子性聚合物,可以使用至少一种以例如烯丙胺、乙烯亚胺、乙烯基苄基三甲胺、[4-(4-乙烯基苯基)-甲基]-三甲胺和乙烯基苄基三乙胺等胺系单体;例如乙烯基吡啶和乙烯基咪唑等含氮杂环系单体;及其盐类为代表的阳离子性单体,适当地与可与之共聚的任意其它单体聚合或共聚,并且进一步根据需要用酸部分地中和。
此类阳离子性聚合物已经在日本专利特开No.2015-96320等中详细描述,在此不再赘述。然而,通常从成膜性的观点,优选使用聚烯丙胺。
另一方面,阴离子性聚合物是在其分子中具有可在水中形成负电荷的阴离子性官能团例如羧酸基团、磺酸基团、膦酸基团,或者通过部分地中和上述基团形成的酸性碱的聚合物。对于具有此类官能团的阴离子性聚合物,该官能团通过氢键捕捉水。即,阴离子性聚合物形成吸湿性基质。
与上述阳离子性聚合物的情况同样地,阴离子性聚合物中的阴离子性官能团的量应当使得该聚合物在湿度为80%RH和30℃的气氛中获得20%以上、特别是30%至45%的吸水率(JIS K-7209-1984),尽管该量可以取决于官能团的种类而变化。
作为具有上述官能团的阴离子性聚合物,可以使用至少一种以例如甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸和马来酸酐等羧酸系单体;例如α-卤代的乙烯基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸和乙烯基磺酸等磺酸系单体;例如乙烯基磷酸等膦酸系单体;以及这些单体的盐类为代表的阴离子性单体,适当地与可与之共聚的任意其它单体聚合或共聚,并且进一步根据需要用碱部分地中和。
此类阴离子性聚合物也已经在日本专利特开No.2015-96320等中详细描述,在此不再赘述。然而,通常优选使用聚(甲基)丙烯酸或其部分中和的产物(例如,其部分为Na盐的产物)。
作为在包含于离子性聚合物中时用于防止由溶胀引起的变形的吸湿剂,即,作为极限湿度比离子性聚合物更低的吸湿剂,可以示例在湿度为80%RH和温度为30℃的环境条件下极限湿度为6%以下的那些。即,当吸湿剂具有比离子性聚合物更高的极限湿度时,被基质吸收的水分不能被充分地限制在其中,而是会被释放。另一方面,当将离子性聚合物与具有比离子性聚合物更低的极限湿度的吸湿剂共混时,即使在低湿度的气氛中也可以有效地捕捉水分,此外,被离子性聚合物吸收的水分也可以被吸湿剂捕捉。因此,离子性聚合物显示出抑制水分释放的高度的阻水性。
上述吸湿剂通常在湿度为80%RH和温度为30℃的气氛中具有50%以上的吸水率(JIS K-7209-1984),并且包括无机系的那些和有机系的那些。
作为无机系吸湿剂,可以示例例如沸石、氧化铝、活性炭和蒙脱石等粘土矿物,以及硅胶、氧化钙和硫酸镁。
作为有机系吸湿剂,可以示例阴离子性聚合物或其部分中和产物的交联产物。作为阴离子性聚合物,可以示例以羧酸系单体((甲基)丙烯酸、马来酸酐等)、磺酸系单体(卤代乙烯基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸等)、膦酸系单体(乙烯基磷酸等)为代表的至少一种阴离子性单体,和以那些单体的盐为代表的至少一种阴离子性单体,与任意其它单体聚合或共聚而获得的聚合物。在要求透明性的用途中,有效地使用有机系吸湿剂。例如,细颗粒状的交联聚(甲基)丙烯酸钠用作代表性的有机系吸湿剂。
在上述吸湿剂中,从实现大的比表面积和高的吸湿性的观点,具有小粒径(例如平均一次粒径为100nm以下、特别是80nm以下)的吸湿剂是优选的,并且特别地,具有小粒径的有机系聚合物的吸湿剂是最期望的。
即,有机系聚合物的吸湿剂非常有利地分散在离子性聚合物的基质中。此外,当采用乳液聚合或悬浮聚合作为用于其生产的聚合方法时,可以以维持微细且均匀的球状的颗粒形式获得有机系聚合物的吸湿剂。因此,通过以大于一定比例的量包含吸湿剂,可以确保非常高的透明性。
如上所述,有机系细粒状吸湿剂具有非常低的极限湿度,并且显示高的吸湿性,此外,在交联时,显示由于溶胀引起的体积变化的大大降低。因此,有机系细粒状吸湿剂最适合于将环境气氛中的湿度降低至绝对干燥状态或降低至将近绝对干燥状态,还抑制其体积变化。
作为有机系细粒状吸湿剂,交联的细粒状聚丙烯酸钠(平均粒径为约70nm)以胶体分散液(pH=10.4)的形式和以TAFTIC HU-820E的商品名由Toyobo K.K.投放市场。
在本发明中,从能够充分地发挥吸湿剂的性能、显著地提高阻水性、有效地抑制由溶胀引起的尺寸变化、并且进一步长期确保阻水性优于无机阻挡层3的阻挡性的观点,取决于离子性聚合物的种类来设定吸湿剂的量。
例如,当通过将吸湿剂分散在阳离子性聚合物中来形成水分捕捉层7时,期望使吸湿剂以相对于100质量份阳离子性聚合物通常为50质量份以上、特别是100至900质量份、并且更特别是200至600质量份的量存在。此外,当将吸湿剂分散在阴离子性聚合物中时,期望使吸湿剂以相对于100质量份阴离子性聚合物为50质量份以上、特别是100至1300质量份、并且更特别是150至1200质量份的量存在。
此外,在通过使用离子性聚合物形成的水分捕捉层7中,期望将交联结构引入离子性聚合物中。即,在将交联结构引入离子性聚合物的情况下,当吸收水分时,离子性聚合物的分子由于已经交联而彼此约束,因此,用于抑制由溶胀(吸收水分)引起的体积变化,并且有助于改善机械强度和尺寸稳定性。
可以通过将交联剂添加至用于形成水分捕捉层7的涂料组合物中来引入交联结构。特别地,与阳离子性聚合物不同,阴离子性聚合物仅依靠氢键来捕捉水分。因此,通过将适于吸湿的空间网络结构(交联结构)引入基质中,可以在很大程度上提高吸湿性。
用于引入交联结构的交联剂可以在一定程度上不同,这取决于何时将交联结构引入阳离子性聚合物中以及何时将交联结构引入阴离子性聚合物中。
作为例如在日本专利特开No.2015-96320中也有记载的阳离子性聚合物用的交联剂,可以使用具有能够与阳离子性基团反应的交联性官能团(例如环氧基)、和能够通过水解和脱水缩合在交联结构中形成硅氧烷结构的官能团(例如烷氧基甲硅烷基)的化合物。具体地,可以优选使用由下式(1)表示的硅烷化合物:
X-SiR1 n(OR2)3-n (1)
其中X为在其末端具有环氧基的有机基团,R1和R2分别为甲基、乙基或异丙基,并且n为0、1或2。
硅烷化合物具有环氧基和烷氧基甲硅烷基作为官能团,并且环氧基与阳离子性聚合物的官能团(例如NH2)进行加成反应。另一方面,烷氧基甲硅烷基通过水解形成硅烷醇基(SiOH基),通过经由缩合反应形成硅氧烷结构而生长,并且最终在阳离子性聚合物链之间形成交联结构。因此,将具有硅氧烷结构的交联结构引入阳离子性聚合物的基质中。
此外,阳离子性聚合物为碱性。结果,当涂布包含阳离子性聚合物的涂料组合物以形成水分捕捉层7时,促进了阳离子性基团和环氧基团之间的加成反应,并且还促进了硅烷醇基团之间的脱水缩合,使得容易引入交联结构。
在本发明中,上述式(1)中的具有环氧基的有机基团X可以以γ-环氧丙氧基烷基为代表。例如,可以优选使用γ-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷或γ-环氧丙氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷作为交联剂。
作为交联剂,还可以优选使用上式(1)中的环氧基为例如环氧环己基等脂环式环氧基的化合物。例如,当使用例如β-(3,4-环氧环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷等具有脂环式环氧基的化合物作为交联剂时,将脂环结构与硅氧烷结构一起引入基质的交联结构中。此类脂环结构的引入有助于进一步有效地发挥基质的功能,即形成适于吸收水分的空间网络结构。
此外,为了将脂环结构引入交联结构中,可以使用具有多个环氧基和脂环基的化合物作为交联剂,例如由下式(2)表示的二缩水甘油酯:
G-O(C=O)-A-(C=O)O-G (2)
其中G为缩水甘油基,和A为具有脂族环的二价烃基,例如亚环烷基。
代表性的二缩水甘油酯由下式(2-1)表示。
即,式(2)的二缩水甘油酯不具有烷氧基甲硅烷基,但是用于将脂环结构引入交联结构。因此,式(2)的二缩水甘油酯有效地在基质中形成适于吸收水分的空间网络结构。
期望的是以相对于100质量份阳离子性聚合物为5至60质量份、特别是15至50质量份的量使用上述交联剂。还期望的是交联剂的至少70质量%以上、优选地80质量%以上为由上述式(1)表示的硅烷化合物。
此外,作为用于将交联结构引入阴离子性聚合物中的交联剂,可以使用具有两个以上可与如日本专利特开No.2015-96320中所述的离子性聚合物所具有的离子性基团反应的交联性官能团(例如环氧基)的化合物。即,可以期望地使用由上式(2)表示的二缩水甘油酯:
G-O(C=O)-A-(C=O)O-G (2)
其中G为缩水甘油基,和A为具有脂族环的二价烃基,例如亚环烷基。
以上示例了用于形成阳离子基质的涂料组合物。
在上式(2)的二缩水甘油酯中,环氧基与阴离子性基团反应,并且基质在其中形成包括由二价基团A形成的脂环结构的交联结构。包括上述脂环结构的交联结构有助于抑制溶胀。
在上述二缩水甘油酯中,优选的已经在上面举例说明。特别地,从形成适合于吸收水分的空间网络结构的观点,最期望使用由上述式(2-1)表示的二缩水甘油酯。
以相对于100质量份阴离子性聚合物期望地为1至50质量份、特别是10至40质量份的量使用阴离子性聚合物用的交联剂。
通过涂布借助将预定的吸湿性聚合物和吸湿剂溶解或分散在有机溶剂中而获得的涂料组合物,随后加热以形成其层,然后在减压下将膜保持在干燥气氛中以使存在于该层中的水分释放来形成水分捕捉层7。
还可以将上述涂料组合物涂布在其它有机膜上以类似地形成水分捕捉层7。接下来,通过使用干式层叠用粘接剂,将水分捕捉层7粘接至在上述层叠膜上形成的无机阻挡层3上。在该情况下,在图1所示的水分捕捉层7上,形成用作水分捕捉层7的底层的膜作为有机层,并且无机阻挡层3与水分捕捉层7之间夹着粘接剂层。
根据本发明,如已经描述的,阻挡膜1具有设定为位于预定范围内的非常小的水分透过率。即,为了将水分透过率设定在预定范围内,可以采用例如包括多个无机阻挡层3和水分捕捉层7的层结构,但不限于上述图1所示的层结构。可以通过使用干式层叠用粘接剂通过将多个具有图1所示的层结构的层叠体(阻挡膜1)彼此粘接来获得这种结构。
<阻挡膜1的含水率>
本发明的阻挡膜1具有设定为位于预定范围内的非常小的水分透过率。为了使阻挡膜充分地显示其依赖于这样的水分透过率的阻挡性,需要将其含水率维持在2000ppm以下、优选地1000ppm以下、并且更优选地100ppm以下。这是因为如果没有将含水率设定在小范围内,则当将阻挡膜用于密封电子器件时,阻挡膜变得不再能够将电子器件的内部维持在干燥状态。
阻挡膜1中的水分捕捉层7在形成膜时处于干燥状态,并且具有如上所述的含水率。然而,水分捕捉层7在实际使用之前逐渐吸收大气中的水分。结果,含水率会增加,从而变得大于上述范围。
因此,需要以使得在实际使用阻挡膜之前含水率不会增加的方式保存本发明的阻挡膜1。
可以根据下式由将阻挡膜1维持在绝对干燥状态时的重量与测量阻挡膜时的重量之间的差(即含水量)容易地计算出含水率。
含水率(%)=100×(A-B)/B
其中A为阻挡膜1的测量时的重量,和B为阻挡膜1的通过加热而干燥时的重量。
关于保存的形式,可以将阻挡膜1真空包装在通过使用包括在其表面上具有热密封层的金属箔(例如铝箔)的包装膜而形成的袋的内部。然而,作为最简单的保存形式,可以有利地采用图2所示的保存形式。
参照图2,将两片干燥剂片13和13以可以被移除的方式粘贴至本发明的阻挡膜1。即,干燥剂片13和13有效地防止水分从外部侵入阻挡膜1中,此外,吸收存在于阻挡膜1中的水分以将其除去。因此,可以将阻挡膜1的含水率维持在上述范围内。
作为图2所示的干燥剂片13,可以使用通过将例如硅胶等干燥剂分散在树脂中而得到的已知的干燥剂片。然而,为了更可靠地将含水率维持在上述范围内,期望使用图3所示的结构的干燥剂片13。
在图3中,干燥剂片13包括吸湿性树脂层15和设置在吸湿性树脂层15的一个表面上的表面保护树脂层17。吸湿性树脂层15的另一个表面(其未设置表面保护树脂层17的一侧的表面)用作粘贴至阻挡膜1的吸湿性功能面19。
在干燥剂片13中,吸湿性树脂层15是分散有干燥剂的树脂层。作为干燥剂,可以使用本身已知的无机系或有机系干燥剂。
作为无机系干燥剂,可以示例例如沸石、氧化铝、活性炭和蒙脱石等粘土矿物,以及硅胶、氧化钙、氧化钡、氯化钙和硫酸镁。
作为有机系干燥剂,可以示例阴离子性聚合物或其部分中和产物的交联产物。作为阴离子性聚合物,可以示例羧酸系单体((甲基)丙烯酸、马来酸酐等)、磺酸系单体(卤代乙烯基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸等)、膦酸系单体(乙烯基磷酸等),和以这些单体的盐为代表的至少一种阴离子性单体,与其它单体聚合或共聚而获得的聚合物。
在本发明中,从有效地捕捉从阻挡膜1释放的水分的观点,与使用例如沸石或硅胶等基于物理吸附而捕捉水分的干燥剂相比,更优选使用例如氧化钙等基于与水的反应而显示化学吸附性的干燥剂。
另外,从使干燥剂能均匀地分散在树脂中且具有大的比表面积的观点,期望干燥剂具有小的粒径。期望干燥剂的例如通过激光衍射光散射法测量的以体积计的平均一次粒径(D50)为20μm以下。通常,期望干燥剂以相对于100质量份作为基质的树脂为5至80质量份的量分散在吸湿性树脂层15中。
作为吸湿性树脂层15中的基质的树脂,可以使用任意已知的热塑性树脂而没有特别限制。然而,从对将后述的表面保护树脂层17或阻挡膜1的粘贴性的观点,通常优选使用烯烃系树脂,例如低密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚1-丁烯、聚4-甲基-1-戊烯,α-烯烃(例如乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯或4-甲基-1-戊烯)的无规或嵌段共聚物,或其环状烯烃共聚物。在上述烯烃系树脂中,从特别低的吸湿性、有效地防止水分从吸湿性树脂层15的释放、并且防止干燥剂在使用之前失去其活性的观点,本发明优选使用低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、聚丙烯(PP)、或其共混物,特别是低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)或线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)。
表面保护树脂层17是防止水分从气氛侵入吸湿性树脂层15中的层。为了确保这种阻水性,表面保护树脂层17在40℃、90%RH下的水分透过率需要为40g/m2/天以下、特别是20g/m2/天以下。如果水分透过率高,在进行将后述的干燥处理之前的生产步骤期间或者在处理材料的步骤期间,吸湿性树脂层15中的干燥剂的吸湿性由于来自气氛中的水分的侵入而在短时间内受损。
对用于形成表面保护树脂层17的树脂没有特别限制,只要其能够确保上述水分透过率即可。然而,从尽管厚度小但仍满足水分透过率的观点,期望使用用于形成吸湿性树脂层15的烯烃系树脂,或者例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)等热塑性聚酯。更期望地,可以使用烯烃系树脂。从获得与吸湿性树脂层15良好的粘接性的观点,最期望使用乙烯系树脂或丙烯系树脂。
在通过使用上述树脂形成表面保护树脂层17时,可以在例如40μm以下、特别是30μm以下的厚度的情况下满足预定的水分透过率。
从前面的描述可以理解的,在本发明使用的干燥剂片13的情况下,表面保护树脂层17防止水分从气氛侵入吸湿性树脂层15中。此外,吸湿性树脂层15的另一个表面用作吸湿性功能面19。即,侵入透过面19的水分被干燥剂捕捉。
根据本发明,将干燥剂片13的吸湿性功能面19粘贴至阻挡膜1,然后如图2所示,该阻挡膜1被干燥剂片13夹持。因此,可以将阻挡膜1的含水率维持在预定范围内。
当将阻挡膜1卷起并保存时,可以将干燥剂片13设置在水分捕捉层7的表面上;即,阻挡膜1不需要被干燥剂片13夹持。
此处,为了粘贴干燥剂片13,可以通过利用形成吸湿性功能面的树脂的粘连性,将吸湿性功能面19暂时直接粘贴至阻挡膜1。然而,通常通过使用粘接剂来粘贴干燥剂片13,从而可靠地防止在保存和输送期间的例如剥离等不便。
当通过使用粘接剂粘贴至阻挡膜1时,在吸湿性功能面19和阻挡膜1之间形成粘接剂层。然而,此处,粘接剂层(图2中未示出)不应损害吸湿性功能面19的吸湿性。因此,粘接剂层的水分透过率需要大于上述表面保护树脂层17的水分透过率,即,粘接剂层例如在40℃、90%RH下的水分透过率为40g/m2/天以上、特别是60g/m2/天以上。
作为粘接剂,可以使用例如(甲基)丙烯酸系粘接剂或聚氨酯系粘接剂等任意已知的粘接剂。通过使用这些粘接剂,可以形成厚度在预定值以下(例如,30μm以下)的粘接剂层,以确保上述水分透过率。
还可以使用乙烯·乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、软质聚烯烃(LLDPE)和茂金属聚烯烃系弹性体作为粘接剂。
另外,期望的是,当将粘接剂粘接至要粘贴干燥剂片13的阻挡膜1的表面时,粘接剂具有调整为0.3N/25mm以下的粘接力。这是因为如果粘接力太大,则当除去干燥剂片13时,阻挡膜1的表面(例如,水分捕捉层的表面)会受损。
可以取决于要粘贴干燥剂片13的阻挡膜1的表面的材料,通过将交联结构引入形成粘接剂的高分子中或者通过向粘接剂中添加润滑剂等来调整粘接力。
可以通过例如将用于形成吸湿性树脂层15的含干燥剂的树脂组合物和用于形成表面保护树脂层17的树脂共挤出,来容易地形成上述干燥剂片13。当使用粘接剂时,通过在如上所述形成的吸湿性树脂层15的表面上使用辊来涂布粘接剂,或者通过涂布含有溶剂的粘接剂涂料组合物随后干燥至适当的程度,而形成干燥剂片13。也可以通过将包括用作粘接剂的树脂层的三层共挤出来形成干燥剂片13。
<用途>
本发明的阻挡膜1在将其水分透过率抑制在非常窄的范围内的同时显示优异的阻水性。在加热和干燥之后,将阻挡膜1例如通过如上所述的干燥剂片13夹持而保存。在该情况下,可以将阻挡膜1的含水率长期维持在2000ppm以下。例如,当将如图2所示被两片干燥剂片13夹持的阻挡膜1在大气中放置数月时,确认阻挡膜1的含水率维持在600ppm以下。
因此,通过除去干燥剂片13,将如上所述维持低的含水率的阻挡膜1用作用于密封预定的电子器件的材料。例如,通过使用压敏粘接剂,将阻挡膜1粘贴至器件以使其密封。因此可以使器件的内部维持在干燥状态。即,本发明的阻挡膜1以将含水率维持在非常低的范围内的状态投入使用。因此,长期显示其优异的阻水性,并且可以使器件的内部稳定地维持在干燥状态。
对于可以应用本发明的阻挡膜1的电子器件没有特别的限制。即,可以将本发明的阻挡膜1应用于例如有机EL器件、太阳能电池、触摸面板和电子面板等需要避免由水引起的电荷泄漏的各种电子器件或有机器件。
附图标记说明:
1:阻挡膜
3:无机阻挡层
5:塑料基材层
7:水分捕捉层
13:干燥剂片
15:吸湿性树脂层
17:表面保护树脂层
19:吸湿性功能面
Claims (11)
1.一种电子器件用阻挡膜,其特征在于,其具有设定为10-4g/m2/天以下的水分透过率(23℃,RH50%)、和维持为2000ppm以下的含水率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电子器件用阻挡膜,其中将所述含水率维持在100ppm以下。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电子器件用阻挡膜,其中所述阻挡膜具有至少一层无机阻挡层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电子器件用阻挡膜,其中所述阻挡膜具有位于所述无机阻挡层下方的塑料基材层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电子器件用阻挡膜,其中通过使用聚酯树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂或环状烯烃系树脂来形成所述塑料基材层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电子器件用阻挡膜,其中所述阻挡膜设置有水分捕捉层。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电子器件用阻挡膜,其中所述水分捕捉层是含有离子性聚合物的层。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电子器件用阻挡膜,其中所述阻挡膜包括所述塑料基材层和在所述基材层上形成的所述无机阻挡层,并且在所述无机阻挡层上形成水分捕捉层。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电子器件用阻挡膜,其中以被干燥剂片可剥离地保持的方式保存所述阻挡膜。
10.根据权利要求9所述的电子器件用阻挡膜,其中所述阻挡膜被所述干燥剂片夹持。
11.根据权利要求9所述的电子器件用阻挡膜,其中所述干燥剂片包括分散有干燥剂的吸湿性树脂层、和在所述吸湿性树脂层的一个表面上形成的表面保护树脂层,所述表面保护树脂层在40℃和90%RH下具有40g/m2·天以下的水分透过率,并且所述干燥剂片配置成所述吸湿性树脂层的另一个表面面向所述阻挡膜。
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