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CN111934012A - Lithium ion battery electrolyte, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Lithium ion battery electrolyte, preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN111934012A
CN111934012A CN202010838221.1A CN202010838221A CN111934012A CN 111934012 A CN111934012 A CN 111934012A CN 202010838221 A CN202010838221 A CN 202010838221A CN 111934012 A CN111934012 A CN 111934012A
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electrolyte
additive
solvent
lithium
chain
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高剑
辜琴
冯有增
周雪
王铭
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Sichuan Hongwei Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a lithium ion battery electrolyte, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the electrolyte comprises lithium salt, a solvent and an additive, the solvent comprises a solvent I and a solvent II, the additive comprises an additive I and an additive II, the solvent II is an episulfide ether solvent, the mass percent of the solvent II in the electrolyte is 5-40%, the mass percent of the additive I in the electrolyte is an oxime organic compound, and the mass percent of the additive I in the electrolyte is 0.1-5%. Through the combination of the solvent II and the additive I, the viscosity of the electrolyte can be effectively lowered, an effective and stable SEI film is formed, the electrolyte can improve the wide-temperature performance, the rate capability and the cycle performance of the battery, and the impedance of the battery can be effectively reduced.

Description

Lithium ion battery electrolyte, preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion battery electrolyte, in particular to lithium ion battery electrolyte, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Lithium ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density, high voltage and the like and are widely applied, and commercial lithium ion batteries comprise a positive electrode, a negative electrode, electrolyte, a diaphragm and other structures. Among them, the commercialized electrolyte generally uses lithium hexafluorophosphate as a lithium salt, and ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc. as a solvent. The electrolyte is enough to ensure the normal use of the lithium ion battery at normal temperature, but the electrolyte can be decomposed or in a solidification state at higher or lower temperature, and the contact interface of the pole piece and the electrolyte is damaged, thereby seriously influencing the normal operation of the battery.
Therefore, a new electrolyte system needs to be developed to meet the normal use of the battery at a wider temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of the section stability of the battery, the invention provides the lithium ion battery electrolyte, the preparation method and the application thereof, wherein the cyclic thioether solvent and the oxime additive are combined for use, so that the internal resistance of the battery can be effectively reduced, the gas generation in the battery is reduced, a stable SEI film is formed, and the wide temperature performance, the cycle performance and the rate capability of the battery are further improved.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a lithium ion battery electrolyte, which comprises a lithium salt, a solvent and an additive, wherein the solvent comprises a solvent I and a solvent II, the additive comprises an additive I and an additive II, the solvent II is an episulfide ether solvent, accounts for 5-40% of the electrolyte by mass, and the additive I is an oxime organic compound and accounts for 0.1-5% of the electrolyte by mass.
The further technical scheme is that the circulation ether solvent has the following structure:
Figure BDA0002640468880000021
wherein R1-R8 are connected with carbon atoms on a ring, and the connecting bond is one of a single bond or a double bond;
R1-R8 are any one of hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, amino groups, nitro groups, sulfonic groups, three-to six-membered sulfur-containing heterocycles, C1-C30 straight-chain or branched-chain-containing alkyl groups, C1-C30 straight-chain or branched-chain-containing alkoxy groups, C1-C30 straight-chain or branched-chain-containing ester groups, C1-C30 straight-chain or branched-chain-containing carboxyl groups, C1-C30 straight-chain or branched-chain-containing hydroxyl groups, C1-C30 straight-chain or branched-chain-containing aldehyde groups, halogen atoms and C1-C30 straight-chain or branched-chain-containing alkyl groups, wherein R are independent from each other and can be the same group or different groups.
The further technical proposal is that the oxime organic compound has
Figure BDA0002640468880000022
Figure BDA0002640468880000023
At least one of the functional groups.
The further technical scheme includes that the lithium salt is selected from at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide, lithium perchlorate, lithium bisoxalato borate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluorooxalato borate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium chloride and lithium fluoride, and the mass percentage of the lithium salt in the electrolyte is 15-40%.
The technical scheme is that the solvent I is a main solvent, accounts for 30-60% of the electrolyte by mass and is at least one selected from cyclic carbonate, chain carbonate and carboxylic ester.
Wherein the cyclic carbonate comprises PC, EC, chain carbonate comprises DEC, DMC, EMC, and carboxylate comprises MF, MA, EA, MB, MP, etc.
The technical scheme is that the additive II is one or more selected from an overcharge additive, a flame retardant additive and a film forming additive, and accounts for 0.1-10% of the electrolyte by mass.
Wherein the overcharge additive comprises Biphenyl (BP) and Cyclohexylbenzene (CHB), the flame retardant additive comprises trimethyl phosphate (TMP), triethyl phosphate (TEP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP), the film forming additive comprises Vinylene Carbonate (VC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), vinyl sulfate (DTD), 1-propylene-1, 3-sultone (PES), tris (trimethylsilyl) phosphite (TMSP) and Ethylene Sulfite (ES)
The invention also provides a preparation method of the lithium ion battery electrolyte, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the solvent I and the solvent II in a glove box, mixing according to the mass ratio, adding lithium salt to dissolve after uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) and weighing the additive I and the additive II according to the mass ratio, adding the additive I and the additive II into the mixed solution, and mixing to complete the preparation of the electrolyte.
The technical scheme is that the solvent I is a main solvent and accounts for 30-60% of the electrolyte, the solvent II is an episulfide ether solvent and accounts for 5-40% of the electrolyte, the additive I is an oxime organic compound and accounts for 0.1-5% of the electrolyte, the additive II accounts for 0.1-10% of the electrolyte, and the lithium salt accounts for 15-40% of the electrolyte.
The invention also provides an application of the lithium ion battery electrolyte, and the lithium ion battery electrolyte is matched with the positive active material, the negative active material and the diaphragm to assemble the lithium ion battery.
The further technical scheme is that the positive active material contains at least one of Co, Ni, Mn, Al, Fe and V elements, and the negative active material contains at least one of C, Si elements.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention starts from the direction of lithium ion battery electrolyte, combines the cyclic thioether solvent and the oxime additive, the cyclic thioether solvent has higher dielectric constant and lower viscosity, can promote the dissolution of lithium salt and reduce the viscosity of the electrolyte, the oxime organic compound additive is a high-temperature additive, and the combination of the cyclic thioether solvent and the oxime organic compound additive can effectively reduce the internal resistance of the battery, reduce the gas generation in the battery, form a stable SEI film, and further improve the wide-temperature performance, the cycle performance and the rate capability of the battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the rate capability of examples 1 to 11;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the comparison of the high temperature (80 ℃ C.) 1C cycle performance of examples 1 to 11;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison of the low temperature (-50 ℃ C.) 1C cycle performance of examples 1 to 11.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained and explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Example 1 (comparative example 1)
20 wt% of tetracyclic sulfide 1(2,2,4, 4-tetrafluoro-1, 3-dithetane), 50 wt% of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), 10 wt% of Ethylene Carbonate (EC), 10 wt% of LiPF6And 10 wt% of LiODFB by mass ratio to prepare the electrolyte.
Using ternary LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2As the positive electrode active material, graphite was used as the negative electrode active material. Wherein, the current collector of the anode material is aluminum foil, and the anode plate adopts 92 wt% LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O24 wt% of acetylene black and 4 wt% of binder PVDF. The current collector of the negative electrode material is copper foil, and the negative electrode is composed of 92 wt% of graphite, 4 wt% of acetylene black and 4 wt% of binder PVDF. The diaphragm adopted by the invention is a PP diaphragm.
The positive electrode, the negative electrode, the diaphragm and the electrolyte are assembled into a 18650 cylindrical lithium ion battery. The capacity of a single battery is 2Ah, and the consumption of electrolyte of each battery is 6 g. And (3) activating the assembled battery for the first circle by using blue light test equipment, and charging and discharging at the current of 0.5C, wherein the voltage range is 2.75-4.2V. After the activation is completed, the rate test is carried out on part of the batteries, and the rate performance of the batteries is obtained by 5 times of circulation at 0.5C/1C/3C/5C/10C/15C/0.5C respectively, as shown in figure 1. Part of the cells were placed in an 80 ℃ high temperature oven and subjected to high temperature cycling at 1C current, the results are shown in FIG. 2. Part of the cells were charged to a full state of 4.2V at room temperature with a current of 1C, and discharged at-50 ℃ with a discharge current of 1C, the results are shown in FIG. 3. The cells at full state voltage of 4.2V were subjected to Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC) impedance tests, the results of which are shown in table 1.
Example 2 (comparative example 2)
60 wt% DMC, 15 wt% EC, 13 wt% LiPF6And 10 wt% of LiODFB by mass ratio to prepare the electrolyte. Adding 1 wt% of salicylic acid oxime and 1 wt% of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), and mixing uniformly to prepare the electrolyte.
The above electrolyte was assembled and tested as in example 1.
Example 3
20 wt% of tetracyclic thioether 1(2,2,4, 4-tetrafluoro-1, 3-dithetane), 50 wt% of DMC, 10 wt% of EC, 10 wt% of LiPF68 wt% LiODFB was mixed in a mass ratio, and then 0.5 wt% of salicylic acid oxime and 1.5 wt% of FEC were added and mixed uniformly, followed by full cell assembly.
The above electrolyte was assembled and tested as in example 1.
Example 4
20 wt% of tetracyclic thioether 2[2,2,4, 4-tetra (trifluoromethyl) -1, 3-dithiolane butane]、45wt％DMC、12wt％EC、8wt％LiPF6And 10 wt% LiODFB according to the mass ratio, and then adding 1 wt% butyraldehyde oxime, 3 wt% FEC and 1 wt% vinyl sulfate (DTD) as additives, uniformly mixing, and carrying out full battery assembly.
The above electrolyte was assembled and tested as in example 1.
Example 5
20 wt% of pentacyclic thioether 1 (2-methylene-1, 3-dithiolane), 50 wt% of DMC, 10 wt% of EC, 10 wt% of LiPF6And 5% LiODFB by mass, then adding 1 wt% of butanone oxime, 1 wt% of Vinylene Carbonate (VC) and 3% of FEC as additives, uniformly mixing, and carrying out full battery assembly.
The above electrolyte was assembled and tested as in example 1.
Example 6
20 wt% of pentacyclic thioether 2 (ethyl 1, 3-disulfane-2-carboxylate), 50 wt% of DMC, 10 wt% of EC, 10 wt% of LiPF6And 5% LiODFB are mixed according to the mass ratio, and then 1 wt% of alpha-benzaldehyde oxime, 1 wt% of VC and 3% of FEC which are added with additives are uniformly mixed, and then the full battery assembly is carried out.
The above electrolyte was assembled and tested as in example 1.
Example 7
20 wt% of hexacyclic thioether 1(1, 3-dithiane), 50 wt% of DMC, 10 wt% of EC, 10 wt% of LiPF6And 8% of LiODFB (lithium iodide doped with benzoyl dioxime) are mixed according to the mass ratio, and then 1 wt% of additive and 1 wt% of VC are added and uniformly mixed, and then the full battery assembly is carried out.
The above electrolyte was assembled and tested as in example 1.
Example 8
15 wt% of hexacyclic thioether 2(1,3, 5-trithiane), 50 wt% of DMC, 10 wt% of EC, 10 wt% of LiPF6And 10% of LiODFB (lithium Diiodomethane) are mixed according to the mass ratio, and then 1 wt% of 1, 4-benzoquinone dioxime, 3% of FEC (Forward error correction) and 1% of DTD (DTD) as additives are added and uniformly mixed, and then full-cell assembly is carried out.
The above electrolyte was assembled and tested as in example 1.
Example 9
15 wt% of hexacyclic thioether 3(2,4, 6-trimethyl-1, 3, 5-trithio-cyclohexane), 50 wt% of DMC, 10 wt% of EC, 10 wt% of LiPF6And 10% LiODFB by mass, and then adding 1 wt% of 2-pyridyl amidoxime, 3 wt% of FEC and 1 wt% of 1-propylene-1, 3-sultone (PES) as additives, uniformly mixing, and carrying out full battery assembly.
The above electrolyte was assembled and tested as in example 1.
Example 10
20 wt% of hexacyclic thioether 4(1, 3-dithian-2-carboxylic acid), 50 wt% of DMC, 10 wt% of EC, 10 wt% of LiPF 65% LiODFB by mass, followed by addition of the additive 1% by weight of ethyl 2-chloro-2- (hydroxyimino) acetate, 3% by weight of FEC, 1% by weight of tris (trimethylsilyl) phosphite (TMSP)And after uniform mixing, carrying out full battery assembly.
The above electrolyte was assembled and tested as in example 1.
Example 11
20 wt.% bis-hexacyclic sulfide 5[ bis (1, 3-dithiol-2-yl) methane]、50wt％DMC、10wt％EC、10wt％LiPF6And 5% LiODFB, then adding additives of 1 wt% of ethyl acetylhydroxamate, 3 wt% of FEC and 1 wt% of LiF, and uniformly mixing to perform full-cell assembly.
The above electrolyte was assembled and tested as in example 1.
The battery in the above embodiment was charged to a full state (voltage state of about 4.2V) to perform Direct Current (DC) and Alternating Current (AC) impedance tests, and the test results are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1 results of impedance testing of examples
Figure BDA0002640468880000071
Figure BDA0002640468880000081
The results in the table show that the direct current and alternating current internal resistance of the battery can be effectively reduced by the compound use of the episulfide solvent and the oxime additive.
Although the present invention has been described herein with reference to the illustrated embodiments thereof, which are intended to be preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, and that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. The lithium ion battery electrolyte is characterized by comprising a lithium salt, a solvent and an additive, wherein the solvent comprises a solvent I and a solvent II, the additive comprises an additive I and an additive II, the solvent II is an episulfide ether solvent and accounts for 5-40% of the electrolyte by mass, and the additive I is an oxime organic compound and accounts for 0.1-5% of the electrolyte by mass.
2. The lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the circulating ether-based solvent has the following structure:
Figure FDA0002640468870000011
wherein R1-R8 are connected with carbon atoms on a ring, and the connecting bond is one of a single bond or a double bond;
R1-R8 are any one of hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, amino groups, nitro groups, sulfonic groups, three-to six-membered sulfur-containing heterocycles, C1-C30 straight-chain or branched-chain-containing alkyl groups, C1-C30 straight-chain or branched-chain-containing alkoxy groups, C1-C30 straight-chain or branched-chain-containing ester groups, C1-C30 straight-chain or branched-chain-containing carboxyl groups, C1-C30 straight-chain or branched-chain-containing hydroxyl groups, C1-C30 straight-chain or branched-chain-containing aldehyde groups, halogen atoms and C1-C30 straight-chain or branched-chain-containing alkyl groups, wherein R are independent from each other and can be the same group or different groups.
3. The lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 1 wherein the oxime organic compound has
Figure FDA0002640468870000021
At least one of the functional groups.
4. The lithium ion battery electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the lithium salt is at least one selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide, lithium perchlorate, lithium bisoxalato borate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluorooxalato borate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium chloride and lithium fluoride, and the mass percentage of the lithium salt in the electrolyte is 15-40%.
5. The lithium ion battery electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the solvent I is a main solvent, accounts for 30-60% by mass of the electrolyte, and is at least one selected from cyclic carbonates, chain carbonates, and carboxylates.
6. The lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the additive II is one or more selected from an overcharge additive, a flame retardant additive and a film forming additive, and the additive II accounts for 0.1-10% of the electrolyte by mass
7. The preparation method of the lithium ion battery electrolyte is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) weighing the solvent I and the solvent II in a glove box, mixing according to the mass ratio, adding lithium salt to dissolve after uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) and weighing the additive I and the additive II according to the mass ratio, adding the additive I and the additive II into the mixed solution, and mixing to complete the preparation of the electrolyte.
8. The lithium ion battery electrolyte according to claim 7, wherein the solvent I is a main solvent and accounts for 30-60% by mass of the electrolyte, the solvent II is an episulfide ether solvent and accounts for 5-40% by mass of the electrolyte, the additive I is an oxime organic compound and accounts for 0.1-5% by mass of the electrolyte, the additive II accounts for 0.1-10% by mass of the electrolyte, and the lithium salt accounts for 15-40% by mass of the electrolyte.
9. The application of the lithium ion battery electrolyte is characterized in that the lithium ion battery electrolyte as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 is matched with a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode active material and a diaphragm to assemble the lithium ion battery.
10. The use of the lithium-ion battery electrolyte of claim 9, wherein the positive active material comprises at least one of Co, Ni, Mn, Al, Fe, V elements, and the negative active material comprises at least one of C, Si elements.
CN202010838221.1A 2020-08-19 2020-08-19 Lithium ion battery electrolyte, preparation method and application thereof Pending CN111934012A (en)

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CN114349067A (en) * 2021-12-01 2022-04-15 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 A kind of preparation method of nickel-cobalt lithium manganate ternary cathode material with low nickel surface
CN114349067B (en) * 2021-12-01 2022-12-06 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 Preparation method of nickel cobalt lithium manganate ternary positive electrode material with low nickel on surface

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Application publication date: 20201113