CN111927723A - Electric power peak regulation system based on microalgae respiration coupling solar energy and supercritical hydrothermal reaction - Google Patents
Electric power peak regulation system based on microalgae respiration coupling solar energy and supercritical hydrothermal reaction Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power peak regulation system based on microalgae respiration coupling solar energy and supercritical hydrothermal reaction, relates to the field of carbon emission reduction, and comprises CO2Production system, solar energy utilization system, supercritical hydrothermal reaction system and thermoelectric generation system. CO generated by supercritical hydrothermal reaction system2As working medium to generate electricity all day long, and the CO generated by the night respiration of the microalgae2Compressing, heating, and storing to obtain supercritical CO2The power generation replenishing working medium effectively relieves the peak of power consumption in the daytime; meanwhile, flue gas generated by the supercritical hydrothermal reactor can be used for heating O in the preheater2High temperature and high pressure CO output from two-stage compressor2Can be used for heating low-temperature CO2"ShiThe cascade utilization of waste heat is realized; and the solar energy is utilized to heat the CO entering the medium temperature2Realizing the step utilization of solar energy, not only solving CO2The problem of trapping and storing is solved, and the heat efficiency of the system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for controlling CO2An electric power peak regulation system based on microalgae respiration coupling solar energy and supercritical hydrothermal reaction, which belongs to the technical field of energy conservation, emission reduction and energy.
Background
Since industrial civilization, CO in the earth's atmosphere2The concentration rises sharply due to human production activities. CO22As a typical greenhouse gas, it directly causes the greenhouse effect. At present, supercritical CO2Power generation is the control of CO2A novel utilization technique of the emissions in supercritical state of CO2The energy of the heat source is converted into mechanical energy as working medium. Because the supercritical carbon dioxide has the characteristics of large energy density, high heat transfer efficiency and the like, a power generation system using the supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium can reach the efficiency of the conventional steam Rankine cycle at 700 ℃ within the temperature range of 620 ℃, and is widely popular among researchers in various countries.
From the perspective of adjusting energy structures, new energy accounts for a greater and greater proportion in social energy structures, and renewable energy, particularly solar energy, is of particular interest to people at present. Human development in solar energy utilization has also been directed to photosynthesis by plants (e.g., microalgae) that can fix large amounts of carbon dioxide, and patent application No. 201810204218.7 discloses cogeneration using photosynthesis by microalgae. In contrast to photosynthesis, respiration of plants (e.g., microalgae) produces large amounts of CO2Controlling this portion of CO2Emissions are also of great importance for carbon abatement. And microalgae such as chlorella can be used for processing in addition to improving the ecological environmentIndustrial waste water and municipal sewage.
From the perspective of energy structure, the situation that human beings use fossil energy as main energy in a short period of time cannot be changed, especially in China, coal occupies an absolute leading position from the formation of reserves to an energy consumption system, how to make an energy system environment-friendly and how to separate CO2 While improving the utilization efficiency of the system, the method controls CO2The main objective of energy system research on emissions.
The supercritical hydrothermal reaction of coal utilizes the special property of supercritical water, coal and oxygen are completely dissolved mutually in the supercritical water to form a homogeneous reaction system, the coal is thoroughly oxidized in extremely short reaction time to release a large amount of heat, and the final product is CO2、H2O、N2Etc. is free of harmful substances and SO2、NOxAnd the like, and has obvious environmental protection advantages. The technology belongs to a novel clean coal combustion technology and accords with the current international development trend of energy conservation and emission reduction. Compared with the incineration method and the wet air oxidation method, the supercritical water oxidation technology has the advantages of no need of a catalyst, short retention time, high removal efficiency, cleanness, broad spectrum and the like.
In view of the above, the invention provides an electric power peak regulation system based on microalgae respiration coupling solar energy and supercritical hydrothermal reaction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide an electric power peak regulation system based on microalgae respiration coupling solar energy and supercritical hydrothermal reaction, which can effectively utilize CO generated by microalgae respiration2Environment protection, harmlessness, accordance with the current energy-saving and emission-reduction policy, greatly improves the system economy and energy utilization efficiency of supercritical hydrothermal reaction, and can capture CO with low cost and low energy consumption2And then recycled. In addition, the conversion and utilization of solar energy and chemical energy are improved, and CO is reduced2Separate investment and energy consumption.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: solar energy and supercritical hydrothermal reaction based on microalgae respiration couplingAn electric peak shaving system, characterized in that it comprises CO2The system comprises a production system, a solar energy utilization system, a supercritical hydrothermal reaction system and a thermoelectric generation system;
the CO is2The production system comprises a microalgae culture tank and an O2The system comprises a tank, a primary compressor, a low-temperature heat regenerator, a first high-temperature heat regenerator and a gas storage tank; the microalgae culture tank comprises O2Input port, CO2An input port and a gas output port, wherein the gas output port of the microalgae culture tank comprises CO2Outlet and O2An output port; o of the microalgae culture tank2Outlet and O2Tank connection, said O2The outlet of the tank is divided into two paths, wherein one path is connected to the supercritical hydrothermal reaction system, and the other path is connected with the O at the bottom of the microalgae culture tank2The input port is connected; the inlet of the primary compressor and the CO of the microalgae culture tank2The outlet of the primary compressor is connected with the low-temperature heat regenerator; the low temperature regenerator comprises a top inlet, a bottom inlet, a top outlet and a bottom outlet, and the first high temperature regenerator comprises a bottom inlet, a side outlet, a top inlet and a top outlet; the first high-temperature heat regenerator is connected with the gas storage tank through a side outlet;
the supercritical hydrothermal reaction system comprises a preheater, a supercritical hydrothermal reactor and CO2A separator and a second high temperature regenerator; the preheater comprises a side inlet, a side outlet, a top inlet and a top outlet; side inlet of the preheater and the O2One path of outlet of the tank is connected; the supercritical thermal reactor comprises a fuel inlet, O2Inlet and gas outlet, O of the supercritical hydrothermal reactor2An inlet is connected with a side outlet of the preheater, and a gas outlet of the supercritical water thermal reactor is connected with a top inlet of the preheater; the CO is2The inlet of the separator is connected with the top outlet of the preheater, and the CO is discharged from the preheater2The outlet of the separator is divided into two paths, wherein one path is connected to CO at the bottom of the microalgae culture tank2The other path of the input port is connected with the second high-temperature heat regenerator; the second high temperature regeneratorThe second high-temperature regenerator is connected to the thermoelectric generation system through the bottom outlet;
the solar energy utilization system comprises a parabolic trough type heat collector with a low light concentration ratio, wherein the parabolic trough type heat collector with the low light concentration ratio comprises a heat conduction oil outlet and a heat conduction oil return port, the heat conduction oil outlet is divided into two paths and is respectively connected to a top inlet of a first high-temperature heat regenerator and a bottom inlet of a second high-temperature heat regenerator, and a top outlet of the first high-temperature heat regenerator and a bottom outlet of the second high-temperature heat regenerator are converged and then connected to the heat conduction oil return port of the parabolic trough type heat collector;
the thermoelectric generation system comprises a secondary compressor, a primary turbine, a first generator, a secondary turbine, a second generator and a waste heat boiler, wherein an outlet of the gas storage tank is connected with a pipeline from a side outlet of the second high-temperature regenerator and a pipeline from a bottom outlet of the low-temperature regenerator and is connected with the secondary compressor; the outlet of the secondary compressor is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the bottom inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator, and the other path is connected to the primary turbine; the first-stage turbine is connected with the second-stage turbine, the outlet of the first-stage turbine is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the second-stage turbine, and the other path is converged with a pipeline from the top outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator and is connected with the bottom inlet of the first high-temperature heat regenerator; the first-stage turbine and the second-stage turbine are respectively used for driving the first generator and the second generator to generate electricity; the secondary turbine is connected with an inlet of the waste heat boiler, and an output end of the waste heat boiler is converged with an outlet of the primary compressor and then connected with a top inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator.
The working method of the electric power peak regulation system based on microalgae respiration coupling solar energy and supercritical hydrothermal reaction is divided into 3 processes according to gas flow, and the working method specifically comprises the following steps:
1.CO2the production process comprises the following steps:
in the daytime, the microalgae can produce O by photosynthesis2Is stored in O2In a tank; night O2O of tank2Enters the bottom of a microalgae culture tank to be used asThe reactant of respiration, the CO produced by respiration of microalgae2The mixed gas is merged with the exhaust steam from the output end of the waste heat boiler after passing through the primary compressor and enters the low-temperature heat regenerator, and the mixed gas is mixed with the high-temperature and high-pressure CO from the outlet of the secondary compressor in the low-temperature heat regenerator2After heat exchange, the obtained product is changed into CO of 450 ℃ and 20Mpa2Subsequent medium temperature and pressure CO2Mixing exhaust steam from an outlet of the first-stage turbine and entering a first high-temperature regenerator; the flue gas exchanges heat with heat conduction oil absorbing solar energy in the first high-temperature heat regenerator and then enters the gas storage tank.
The junction of two branches of the gas outlet of the microalgae culture tank is provided with a three-way valve, and the joint is O at night2Outlet closed, CO2The output port is opened, O in daytime2Opening of the outlet, CO2The output port is closed; in addition, a four-way valve is arranged at the joint of the output port of the gas storage tank, the side outlet of the second high-temperature heat regenerator and the pipeline of the bottom outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator, and the output port of the gas storage tank and the valve of the bottom outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator are in a closed state at night, namely the supercritical hydrothermal reaction system and the thermoelectric generation system are in an operating state; in daytime, the output port of the gas storage tank and the valve at the bottom outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator are both in an open state.
2. Supercritical hydrothermal reaction process:
O2o of tank2Enters a preheater and is preheated with outlet flue gas from a supercritical water thermal reactor, and the preheated O2Entering the bottom of the supercritical water thermal reactor as an oxidant for hydrothermal reaction; the fuel is oxidized in the supercritical hydrothermal reactor to generate CO2And N2The mixed flue gas enters CO after being cooled by the preheater2A separator, separated pure CO2Part of the heat exchange liquid enters the bottom of the microalgae culture tank to be used as a reactant for photosynthesis in the day, and part of the heat exchange liquid enters the second high-temperature heat regenerator to exchange heat with the heat conduction oil after absorbing solar energy.
CO2The output port of the separator is provided with a three-way valve, and CO is generated when microalgae is subjected to photosynthesis in daytime2Two branch valves of the separator are both in an open state, and microalgae are cultured at nightIn the event of respiration, CO2The branch valve of the separator connected with the microalgae culture tank is in a closed state, and CO is2And a branch valve of the separator connected with the second high-temperature regenerator is in an open state.
3. And (3) thermoelectric generation process:
CO output from side outlet of second high-temperature regenerator2CO output by gas storage tank2And CO cooled by a low temperature regenerator2Mixing, introducing into a secondary compressor to obtain CO at 700 deg.C and 30MPa2High temperature and high pressure CO2The low-temperature CO is divided into two parts, wherein one part enters a low-temperature heat regenerator to heat the low-temperature CO2The other part of the power is fed into a first-stage turbine to do work and drive a first generator to generate power; the dead steam after acting is divided into two parts, one part is connected with CO output from the top outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator2The mixture enters a first high-temperature heat regenerator, the other part of the mixture enters a secondary turbine to push a second generator to generate electricity, the exhaust steam at the outlet of the secondary turbine enters a waste heat boiler for supplying heat to users, and the exhaust steam at the outlet of the waste heat boiler is converged with CO at the outlet of a primary compressor2And entering a low-temperature regenerator.
Furthermore, the temperature and pressure of the flue gas at the outlet of the supercritical hydrothermal reactor of the system are 22Mpa and 600 ℃, and the CO in the gas storage tank2The pressure and temperature are 25Mpa and 600 ℃, and the outlet pressure and temperature of the secondary compressor are 30Mpa and 700 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
on the one hand, the invention leads CO generated by the supercritical hydrothermal reaction system2The working medium is used for generating electricity all day long; on the other hand, the microalgae generates CO under the action of night respiration2Compressing, heating the heat regenerator, and storing as daytime supercritical CO2The working medium for power generation can relieve the peak of electricity consumption in daytime; in addition, the system can utilize the O produced by photosynthesis of microalgae in the daytime2As an oxidant for supercritical hydrothermal reaction.
The invention realizes the cyclic utilization of substances and the generation of O by the photosynthesis of the microalgae in the daytime2Can be used for breathing at night and the CO produced at night2After power generationCan be used as reactant for photosynthesis in daytime. In addition, the flue gas generated by the supercritical hydrothermal reactor at 600 ℃ and 22MPa can be used for heating O in the preheater2700 ℃ and 30MPa CO output by a two-stage compressor2Can be used for heating low-temperature CO in low-temperature regenerator2And the cascade utilization of waste heat is realized.
The invention also utilizes the solar heat collector to absorb solar energy to heat CO entering the high-temperature heat regenerator2And the stepped utilization of solar energy is realized. And the adopted solar heat collector adopts a parabolic trough type light-gathering structure, has simple structure and lower manufacturing and operating cost, and is beneficial to large-scale popularization and application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a comparative example of the present invention.
In the figure: microalgae culture tank 1, O2Tank 2, primary compressor 3, low-temperature heat regenerator 4, first high-temperature heat regenerator 5, gas storage tank 6, preheater 7, supercritical hydrothermal reactor 8, CO2The system comprises a separator 9, a second high-temperature regenerator 10, a parabolic trough collector 11, a secondary compressor 12, a primary turbine 13, a first generator 14, a secondary turbine 15, a second generator 16 and a waste heat boiler 17.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Examples are given.
Referring to fig. 1, in this embodiment, an electric peak regulation system based on microalgae respiration coupling solar energy and supercritical hydrothermal reaction includes CO2The system comprises a production system, a solar energy utilization system, a supercritical hydrothermal reaction system and a thermoelectric generation system;
CO2the production system comprises a microalgae culture tank 1 and an O2The system comprises a tank 2, a primary compressor 3, a low-temperature heat regenerator 4, a first high-temperature heat regenerator 5 and a gas storage tank 6; the microalgae culture tank 1 comprises O2Input port, CO2Input deviceA port and a gas outlet, the gas outlet of the microalgae culture tank 1 comprises CO2Outlet and O2An output port;
in this embodiment, the microalgae culture solution used in the microalgae culture tank 1 is prepared from salts precipitated in municipal sewage or supercritical hydrothermal reactor, and the final microalgae culture solution contains NaHCO per liter3(4.5g)、MgSO4(0.2g)、NaNO3(1.5g)、CaCl2(0.04g)、FeSO4(0.01g)、K2SO4(1.0g)；
In the embodiment, the microalgae used in the microalgae culture tank 1 is saline algae capable of growing in industrial concentrated salt water or freshwater algae capable of growing in urban sewage, such as chlorella, and the saline algae can be taken from large and small salt lakes in the plateau desert of the midwest, and the chlorella is taken from the production base of chlorella of quanzhou; therefore, the microalgae culture can be carried out in extreme environments such as poor zones or saline-alkali soil.
O of microalgae culture tank 12Outlet and O2Tank 2 connection, O2The outlet of the tank 2 is divided into two paths, wherein one path is connected to the supercritical hydrothermal reaction system, and the other path is connected with the O at the bottom of the microalgae culture tank 12The input port is connected; the inlet of the primary compressor 3 and the CO of the microalgae culture tank 12The output port is connected, and the outlet of the primary compressor 3 is connected to the low-temperature heat regenerator 4; the low-temperature regenerator 4 comprises a top inlet, a bottom inlet, a top outlet and a bottom outlet, and the first high-temperature regenerator 5 comprises a bottom inlet, a side outlet, a top inlet and a top outlet; the first high-temperature regenerator 5 is connected with the gas storage tank 6 through a side outlet;
the supercritical hydrothermal reaction system comprises a preheater 7, a supercritical hydrothermal reactor 8 and CO2A separator 9 and a second high temperature regenerator 10; the preheater 7 comprises a side inlet, a side outlet, a top inlet and a top outlet; side inlet of preheater 7 and O2One path of outlet of the tank 2 is connected; the supercritical thermal reactor 8 includes a fuel inlet, O2Inlet and gas outlet, O of supercritical hydrothermal reactor 82The inlet is connected with the side outlet of the preheater 7, and the gas outlet of the supercritical hydrothermal reactor 8 is connected with the preheaterThe top inlets of the heaters 7 are connected; CO22The inlet of the separator 9 is connected to the top outlet of the preheater 7, CO2The outlet of the separator 9 is divided into two paths, wherein one path is connected with CO at the bottom of the microalgae culture tank 12The other path of the input port is connected with a second high-temperature regenerator 10; the second high-temperature regenerator 10 comprises a bottom inlet, a bottom outlet, a top inlet and a side outlet, and the second high-temperature regenerator 10 is connected to the thermoelectric generation system through the bottom outlet;
the solar energy utilization system comprises a parabolic trough type heat collector 11 with a low light concentration ratio, wherein the parabolic trough type heat collector 11 with the low light concentration ratio comprises a heat conduction oil outlet and a heat conduction oil return port, the heat conduction oil outlet is divided into two paths and is respectively connected to a top inlet of the first high-temperature heat regenerator 5 and a bottom inlet of the second high-temperature heat regenerator 10, and a top outlet of the first high-temperature heat regenerator 5 and a bottom outlet of the second high-temperature heat regenerator 10 are converged and then connected to the heat conduction oil return port of the parabolic trough type heat collector 11;
the thermoelectric generation system comprises a secondary compressor 12, a primary turbine 13, a first generator 14, a secondary turbine 15, a second generator 16 and a waste heat boiler 17, wherein the outlet of the gas storage tank 6 is converged with a pipeline from the side outlet of the second high-temperature regenerator 10 and a pipeline from the bottom outlet of the low-temperature regenerator 4 and is connected with the secondary compressor 12; the outlet of the secondary compressor 12 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the bottom inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4, and the other path is connected to the primary turbine 13; the primary turbine 13 is connected with the secondary turbine 15, the outlet of the primary turbine 13 is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the secondary turbine 15, and the other path is converged with a pipeline from the top outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4 and connected with the bottom inlet of the first high-temperature heat regenerator 5; the primary turbine 13 and the secondary turbine 15 are respectively used for driving a first generator 14 and a second generator 16 to generate electricity; the secondary turbine 15 is connected with an inlet of a waste heat boiler 17, and an output end of the waste heat boiler 17 is connected with an inlet at the top of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4 after being converged with an outlet of the primary compressor 3.
The working method of the electric power peak regulation system based on microalgae respiration coupling solar energy and supercritical hydrothermal reaction is divided into 3 processes according to gas flow, and the working method specifically comprises the following steps:
1.CO2production process：
In the daytime, the microalgae can produce O by photosynthesis2Is stored in O2In tank 2; night O2O of tank 22Enters the bottom of the microalgae culture tank 1 to be used as a reactant for respiration, and CO generated by respiration of the microalgae2The mixed gas passes through the primary compressor 3 and then joins exhaust steam from the output end of the waste heat boiler 17 to enter the low-temperature heat regenerator 4, and the mixed gas and high-temperature and high-pressure CO from the outlet of the secondary compressor 12 in the low-temperature heat regenerator 42After heat exchange, the obtained product is changed into CO of 450 ℃ and 20Mpa2Subsequent medium temperature and pressure CO2Mixing the exhaust steam from the outlet of the first-stage turbine 13 and entering a first high-temperature regenerator 5; the flue gas exchanges heat with heat conduction oil absorbing solar energy in the first high-temperature heat regenerator 5 and then enters the gas storage tank 6.
The junction of two branches of the gas outlet of the microalgae culture tank 1 is provided with a three-way valve, and the joint is O at night2Outlet closed, CO2The output port is opened, O in daytime2Opening of the outlet, CO2The output port is closed; in addition, a four-way valve is arranged at the joint of the output port of the gas storage tank 6, the side outlet of the second high-temperature heat regenerator 10 and the pipeline of the bottom outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4, and the output port of the gas storage tank 6 and the valve of the bottom outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4 are in a closed state at night, namely the supercritical hydrothermal reaction system and the thermoelectric generation system are in an operating state; in daytime, the output port of the gas storage tank 6 and the valve at the bottom outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4 are both in an open state.
2. Supercritical hydrothermal reaction process:
O2o of tank 22Enters a preheater 7 to preheat with the flue gas with the temperature of 600 ℃ and the pressure of 22Mpa at the outlet of the supercritical hydrothermal reactor 8, and the preheated O2Enters the bottom of the supercritical water thermal reactor 8 to be used as an oxidant for hydrothermal reaction; the fuel is oxidized inside the supercritical hydrothermal reactor 8 to produce CO2And N2The mixed flue gas enters CO after being cooled by the preheater 72Separator 9, separated pure CO2Part of the water enters the bottom of the microalgae culture tank 1 to be used as a reactant for photosynthesis in the day, and part of the water enters the second high temperature returnThe heat exchanger 10 exchanges heat with heat transfer oil after absorbing solar energy.
CO2The output port of the separator 9 is provided with a three-way valve, and when microalgae is subjected to photosynthesis in daytime, CO is generated2The two branch valves of the separator 9 are both in an open state, and when microalgae breathes at night, CO is generated2The branch valve of the separator 9 connected with the microalgae culture tank 1 is in a closed state, and CO is in a closed state2The bypass valve of the separator 9 connected to the second high temperature regenerator 10 is in an open state.
3. And (3) thermoelectric generation process:
CO output from the side outlet of the second high temperature regenerator 102CO output from the gas storage tank 62And CO cooled by the low-temperature regenerator 42Mixing, introducing into a secondary compressor 12 to obtain CO at 700 deg.C and 30Mpa2High temperature and high pressure CO2Is divided into two parts, one part enters the low-temperature heat regenerator 4 to heat the low-temperature CO2The other part of the power enters a first-stage turbine 13 to do work and drive a first generator 14 to generate power; the dead steam after acting is divided into two parts, one part is connected with CO output from the top outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 42The mixed gas enters a first high-temperature heat regenerator 5, the other part of the mixed gas enters a secondary turbine 15 to drive a second generator 16 to generate power, the exhaust steam at the outlet of the secondary turbine 15 enters a waste heat boiler 17 for supplying heat for users, and the exhaust steam at the outlet of the waste heat boiler 17 is converged with CO at the outlet of a primary compressor 32Enters the low-temperature regenerator 4.
Comparative example.
Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the power peak shaving system includes CO2The system comprises a production system, a solar energy utilization system, a supercritical hydrothermal reaction system and a thermoelectric generation system;
CO2the production system comprises a microalgae culture tank 1 and an O2The system comprises a tank 2, a primary compressor 3, a low-temperature heat regenerator 4, a first high-temperature heat regenerator 5 and a gas storage tank 6; the microalgae culture tank 1 comprises O2Input port, CO2An input port and a gas output port, the gas output port of the microalgae culture tank 1 comprises CO2Outlet and O2An output port;
the microalgae culture solution used in the microalgae culture tank 1 in this embodiment is usedPreparing microalgae culture solution from salt precipitated in municipal sewage or supercritical water thermal reactor, and preparing final microalgae culture solution containing NaHCO per liter3(4.5g)、MgSO4(0.2g)、NaNO3(1.5g)、CaCl2(0.04g)、FeSO4(0.01g)、K2SO4(1.0g)；
In the embodiment, the microalgae used in the microalgae culture tank 1 is saline algae capable of growing in industrial concentrated salt water or freshwater algae capable of growing in urban sewage, such as chlorella, and the saline algae can be taken from large and small salt lakes in the plateau desert of the midwest, and the chlorella is taken from the production base of chlorella of quanzhou; therefore, the microalgae culture can be carried out in extreme environments such as poor zones or saline-alkali soil.
O of microalgae culture tank 12Outlet and O2Tank 2 connection, O2The outlet of the tank 2 is divided into two paths, wherein one path is connected to the supercritical hydrothermal reaction system, and the other path is connected with the O at the bottom of the microalgae culture tank 12The input port is connected; the inlet of the primary compressor 3 and the CO of the microalgae culture tank 12The output port is connected, and the outlet of the primary compressor 3 is connected to the low-temperature heat regenerator 4; the low-temperature regenerator 4 comprises a top inlet, a bottom inlet, a top outlet and a bottom outlet, and the first high-temperature regenerator 5 comprises a bottom inlet, a side outlet, a top inlet and a top outlet; the first high-temperature regenerator 5 is connected with the gas storage tank 6 through a side outlet;
the supercritical hydrothermal reaction system comprises a preheater 7, a supercritical hydrothermal reactor 8 and CO2A separator 9 and a second high temperature regenerator 10; the preheater 7 comprises a side inlet, a side outlet, a top inlet and a top outlet; side inlet of preheater 7 and O2One path of outlet of the tank 2 is connected; the supercritical thermal reactor 8 includes a fuel inlet, O2Inlet and gas outlet, O of supercritical hydrothermal reactor 82The inlet is connected with the outlet on the side surface of the preheater 7, and the gas outlet of the supercritical hydrothermal reactor 8 is connected with the inlet on the top of the preheater 7; CO22The inlet of the separator 9 is connected to the top outlet of the preheater 7, CO2The outlet of the separator 9 is divided into two paths, wherein one path is connected with CO at the bottom of the microalgae culture tank 12An input port for receiving a fluid to be delivered,the other path is connected with a second high-temperature regenerator 10; the second high-temperature regenerator 10 comprises a bottom inlet, a bottom outlet, a top inlet and a side outlet, and the second high-temperature regenerator 10 is connected to the thermoelectric generation system through the bottom outlet;
the solar energy utilization system comprises a parabolic trough type heat collector 11 with a low light concentration ratio, wherein the parabolic trough type heat collector 11 with the low light concentration ratio comprises a heat conduction oil outlet and a heat conduction oil return port, the heat conduction oil outlet is divided into two paths and is respectively connected to a top inlet of the first high-temperature heat regenerator 5 and a bottom inlet of the second high-temperature heat regenerator 10, and a top outlet of the first high-temperature heat regenerator 5 and a bottom outlet of the second high-temperature heat regenerator 10 are converged and then connected to the heat conduction oil return port of the parabolic trough type heat collector 11;
the thermoelectric generation system comprises a secondary compressor 12, a primary turbine 13, a first generator 14, a secondary turbine 15, a second generator 16 and a waste heat boiler 17, wherein the outlet of the gas storage tank 6 is converged from a pipeline at the side outlet of the second high-temperature regenerator 10 and connected to the secondary compressor 12; the outlet of the secondary compressor 12 is connected to a primary turbine 13; the outlet of the first-stage turbine 13 is connected with the second-stage turbine 15, and the first-stage turbine 13 and the second-stage turbine 15 are respectively used for driving the first generator 14 and the second generator 16 to generate electricity; the secondary turbine 15 is connected with an inlet of a waste heat boiler 17, and an output end of the waste heat boiler 17 is connected with an inlet at the top of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4 after being converged with an outlet of the primary compressor 3.
The working method of the power peak regulation system is divided into 3 processes according to gas flow, and the working method comprises the following specific steps:
1.CO2the production process comprises the following steps:
in the daytime, the microalgae can produce O by photosynthesis2Is stored in O2In tank 2; night O2O of tank 22Enters the bottom of the microalgae culture tank 1 to be used as a reactant for respiration, and CO generated by respiration of the microalgae2The mixed gas passes through the primary compressor 3 and then joins exhaust steam from the output end of the waste heat boiler 17 to enter the low-temperature heat regenerator 4, and the mixed gas and high-temperature and high-pressure CO from the outlet of the secondary compressor 12 in the low-temperature heat regenerator 42After heat exchange, the obtained product is changed into CO of 450 ℃ and 20Mpa2Subsequent medium temperature and pressure CO2Mixing togetherDead steam from the outlet of the first-stage turbine 13 enters the first high-temperature regenerator 5; the flue gas exchanges heat with heat conduction oil absorbing solar energy in the first high-temperature heat regenerator 5 and then enters the gas storage tank 6.
The junction of two branches of the gas outlet of the microalgae culture tank 1 is provided with a three-way valve, and the joint is O at night2Outlet closed, CO2The output port is opened, O in daytime2Opening of the outlet, CO2The output port is closed; in addition, a four-way valve is arranged at the joint of the output port of the gas storage tank 6, the side outlet of the second high-temperature heat regenerator 10 and the pipeline of the bottom outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4, and the output port of the gas storage tank 6 and the valve of the bottom outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4 are in a closed state at night, namely the supercritical hydrothermal reaction system and the thermoelectric generation system are in an operating state; in daytime, the output port of the gas storage tank 6 and the valve at the bottom outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4 are both in an open state.
2. Supercritical hydrothermal reaction process:
O2o of tank 22Enters a preheater 7 to preheat with the flue gas with the temperature of 600 ℃ and the pressure of 22Mpa at the outlet of the supercritical hydrothermal reactor 8, and the preheated O2Enters the bottom of the supercritical water thermal reactor 8 to be used as an oxidant for hydrothermal reaction; the fuel is oxidized inside the supercritical hydrothermal reactor 8 to produce CO2And N2The mixed flue gas enters CO after being cooled by the preheater 72Separator 9, separated pure CO2Part of the heat exchange liquid enters the bottom of the microalgae culture tank 1 to be used as a reactant for photosynthesis in the day, and part of the heat exchange liquid enters the second high-temperature heat regenerator 10 to exchange heat with the heat conduction oil after absorbing solar energy.
CO2The output port of the separator 9 is provided with a three-way valve, and when microalgae is subjected to photosynthesis in daytime, CO is generated2The two branch valves of the separator 9 are both in an open state, and when microalgae breathes at night, CO is generated2The branch valve of the separator 9 connected with the microalgae culture tank 1 is in a closed state, and CO is in a closed state2The bypass valve of the separator 9 connected to the second high temperature regenerator 10 is in an open state.
3. And (3) thermoelectric generation process:
second high temperature heat recoveryCO output from the side outlet of the vessel 102CO output by the mixing gas storage tank 62Entering a secondary compressor 12 to convert into CO at 700 deg.C and 30Mpa2High temperature and high pressure CO2The power enters a first-stage turbine 13 to do work and drive a first generator 14 to generate power; the exhaust steam after acting enters a secondary turbine 15 to push a second generator 16 to generate electricity, the exhaust steam at the outlet of the secondary turbine 15 enters a waste heat boiler 17 for supplying heat to users, and the exhaust steam at the outlet of the waste heat boiler 17 is converged with CO at the outlet of a primary compressor 32Enters the low-temperature regenerator 4.
Compared with the embodiment, the extraction of the outlets of the first-stage turbine 13 and the second-stage compressor 12 is omitted in the comparative example, and the low-temperature CO of the low-temperature regenerator 4 in the comparative example is low in temperature2Heating by auxiliary power supply.
The above examples and comparative examples were subjected to simulation calculation using ambient pressure and temperature of 22 ℃ and 0.10MPa, respectively. All simulation calculations assume that the sunlight is normal in the daytime, and at the moment, the gas storage tank 6 outputs CO2The flow rate was 25kg/s, CO2The ratio of the CO2 entering the microalgae culture tank 1 from the outlet of the separator 9 to the second high-temperature heat regenerator 10 is 1: 9; the parabolic trough type solar collector 11 with low light concentration ratio refers to a parabolic trough type solar collector used in a Hua-Yi-Zhong solar test base, the geometric light concentration ratio is 91, and DOTTERMA is selected as a heat transfer medium for heat transfer oil; the water-coal-slurry used in the supercritical water-heated reactor 8 is made of identical coal, and the supply speed of the water-coal-slurry is 8 kg/s. The simulation parameter settings are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 basic cycle parameters of the System
| Circulation parameter | Comparative example 1 | Example 1 |
| Gas storage tank CO2Pressure, temperature (MPa,. degree.C.) | 25、600 | 25、600 |
| Outlet pressure, temperature (Mpa,. degree.C.) of the secondary compressor | 30、700 | 30、700 |
| Pressure ratio of first and second stage compressor | 18.5 | 18.5 |
| Isentropic effect (%) of first and second stage compressors | 0.89 | 0.89 |
| Isentropic efficiency (%) (of first and second stage turbines) | 0.91 | 0.91 |
| First stage turbine extraction coefficient | / | 0.3 |
| Waste heat boiler |
10 | 10 |
| Supercritical hydrothermal reactor temperature (. degree. C.), pressure (MPa) | / | 700、25 |
| Preheater outlet O2Temperature (. degree.C.) | 230 | 230 |
In order to comprehensively and reasonably evaluate the system performance, the system performance is analyzed by adopting the thermal efficiency based on the first law of thermodynamics, and the finally obtained system thermodynamic performance is as shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2 comparison of thermal properties
| Comparative example 1 | Example 1 | |
| Coal water slurry input heat value (KW) | 143 | 143 |
| Electric energy consumption (KW h) | 30 | 0 |
| Solar energy input heat value (KW) | 80 | 95 |
| Output power (KW) | 104 | 125 |
| System thermal efficiency (%) | 41.1 | 52.5 |
Note: table 2 calculation formula: system heat efficiency is system output work/(coal water slurry input heat value + solar energy input heat value + electric energy consumption)
As can be seen from the above Table 2, under the simulation condition, the peak shaving system based on the microalgae respiration coupling solar energy and supercritical hydrothermal reaction consumes 143KW of coal water slurry, the input heat value of solar energy is 80KW, the output work is 125KW, the thermal efficiency of the example is 52.5%, while in the comparative example, the electric energy is consumed by 30 KW.h, the input heat value of solar energy is reduced, the output work is reduced, and the thermal efficiency is 41.1%.
The fundamental reason for analyzing the above-mentioned significant improvement in thermal efficiency is that: firstly, the high-temperature and high-pressure CO at the outlet part of the secondary compressor is utilized2Heating low temperature CO entering low temperature regenerator2The auxiliary power supply heating in the comparative example is omitted, the heat can be recovered for heat supply, and the heat loss is reduced; and secondly, the outlet of the first-stage turbine 13 is subjected to air extraction and heat regeneration, so that the heat in the heat conduction oil is effectively absorbed, and the cascade utilization of solar energy is fully realized.
Furthermore, the invention generates CO by the respiration of microalgae at night2Compressing, heating the heat regenerator, and storing as daytime supercritical CO2The working medium of electricity generation can alleviate the peak of electricity consumption in daytime, and the system can utilize the O produced by photosynthesis of microalgae in daytime2As an oxidant for supercritical hydrothermal reaction. Simultaneously realizes the cyclic utilization of substances and the generation of O by the photosynthesis of the microalgae in the daytime2Can be used for breathing at night and the CO produced at night2After power generation, the material can be used as a reactant for photosynthesis in the daytime.
In conclusion, the electric power peak regulation system based on the microalgae respiration coupling solar energy and supercritical hydrothermal reaction has good system thermodynamic performance and economic benefit and obvious energy-saving effect.
Those not described in detail in this specification are well within the skill of the art.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A power peak regulation system based on microalgae respiration coupling solar energy and supercritical hydrothermal reaction is characterized by comprising CO2The system comprises a production system, a solar energy utilization system, a supercritical hydrothermal reaction system and a thermoelectric generation system;
the CO is2The production system comprises a microalgae culture tank (1) and an O2The system comprises a tank (2), a primary compressor (3), a low-temperature regenerator (4), a first high-temperature regenerator (5) and a gas storage tank (6); the microalgae culture tank (1) comprises O2Input port, CO2An input port and a gas output port, wherein the gas output port of the microalgae culture tank (1) comprises CO2Outlet and O2An output port; o of the microalgae culture tank (1)2Outlet and O2Tank (2) connection, O2The outlet of the tank (2) is divided into two paths, wherein one path is connected to the supercritical hydrothermal reaction system, and the other path is connected with the O at the bottom of the microalgae culture tank (1)2The input port is connected; the inlet of the primary compressor (3) and the CO of the microalgae culture tank (1)2The output port is connected, and the outlet of the primary compressor (3) is connected to the low-temperature heat regenerator (4); the low-temperature regenerator (4) comprises a top inlet, a bottom inlet, a top outlet and a bottom outlet, and the first high-temperature regenerator (5) comprises a bottom inlet, a side outlet, a top inlet and a top outlet; the first high-temperature regenerator (5) is connected with the gas storage tank (6) through a side outlet;
the supercritical hydrothermal reaction system comprises a preheater (7), a supercritical hydrothermal reactor (8) and CO2A separator (9) and a second high temperature regenerator (10); the preheater (7) comprises a side inlet, a side outlet, a top inlet and a top outlet; a side inlet of the preheater (7)And said O2One outlet of the tank (2) is connected; the supercritical thermal reactor (8) comprises a fuel inlet, O2An inlet and a gas outlet, O of the supercritical thermal reactor (8)2The inlet is connected with the side outlet of the preheater (7), and the gas outlet of the supercritical water thermal reactor (8) is connected with the top inlet of the preheater (7); the CO is2The inlet of the separator (9) is connected with the top outlet of the preheater (7), and the CO is discharged from the bottom of the preheater2The outlet of the separator (9) is divided into two paths, wherein one path is connected to the CO at the bottom of the microalgae culture tank (1)2The other path of the input port is connected with the second high-temperature regenerator (10); the second high-temperature regenerator (10) comprises a bottom inlet, a bottom outlet, a top inlet and a side outlet, and the second high-temperature regenerator (10) is connected to the thermoelectric generation system through the bottom outlet;
the solar energy utilization system comprises a parabolic trough type heat collector (11) with a low light concentration ratio, wherein the parabolic trough type heat collector (11) with the low light concentration ratio comprises a heat conduction oil outlet and a heat conduction oil return port, the heat conduction oil outlet is divided into two paths and is respectively connected to the top inlet of a first high-temperature heat regenerator (5) and the bottom inlet of a second high-temperature heat regenerator (10), and the top outlet of the first high-temperature heat regenerator (5) and the bottom outlet of the second high-temperature heat regenerator (10) are converged and then connected to the heat conduction oil return port of the parabolic trough type heat collector (11);
the thermoelectric generation system comprises a secondary compressor (12), a primary turbine (13), a first generator (14), a secondary turbine (15), a second generator (16) and a waste heat boiler (17), wherein the outlet of the gas storage tank (6) is connected with the secondary compressor (12) by converging a pipeline from the side outlet of the second high-temperature regenerator (10) and a pipeline from the bottom outlet of the low-temperature regenerator (4); the outlet of the secondary compressor (12) is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the bottom inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (4), and the other path is connected to the primary turbine (13); the primary turbine (13) is connected with the secondary turbine (15), the outlet of the primary turbine (13) is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the secondary turbine (15), and the other path is converged from a pipeline at the top outlet of the low-temperature regenerator (4) and connected with the bottom inlet of the first high-temperature regenerator (5); the primary turbine (13) and the secondary turbine (15) are respectively used for driving the first generator (14) and the second generator (16) to generate electricity; the secondary turbine (15) is connected with an inlet of the waste heat boiler (17), and an output end of the waste heat boiler (17) is connected with a top inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (4) after being converged with an outlet of the primary compressor (3).
2. The peak shaving system based on microalgae respiration coupled solar and supercritical hydrothermal reactions as claimed in claim 1, wherein microalgae photosynthesis to produce O in the presence of sunlight during the day2Is stored in O2In the tank (2); night O2O of tank (2)2Enters the bottom of the microalgae culture tank (1) to be used as a reactant for respiration, and CO generated by the respiration of the microalgae2The mixed gas passes through the primary compressor (3) and then is merged with the exhaust steam from the output end of the waste heat boiler (17) to enter the low-temperature heat regenerator (4), and the mixed gas is mixed with the high-temperature and high-pressure CO from the outlet of the secondary compressor (12) in the low-temperature heat regenerator (4)2After heat exchange, the obtained product is changed into CO of 450 ℃ and 20Mpa2Subsequent medium temperature and pressure CO2Mixing the exhaust steam from the outlet of the first-stage turbine (13) and entering a first high-temperature regenerator (5); the flue gas exchanges heat with heat conduction oil absorbing solar energy in the first high-temperature heat regenerator (5) and then enters the gas storage tank (6).
3. The peak-shaving system based on microalgae respiration coupled solar and supercritical hydrothermal reaction according to claim 2, characterized in that the junction of two branches of the gas outlet of the microalgae culture tank (1) is provided with a three-way valve, and the night time is O2Outlet closed, CO2The output port is opened, O in daytime2Opening of the outlet, CO2The output port is closed; in addition, the outlet of the gas storage tank (6), the side outlet of the second high-temperature regenerator (10) and the bottom outlet of the low-temperature regenerator (4)A four-way valve is arranged at the junction of the pipelines, the output port of the gas storage tank (6) and a valve at the bottom outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (4) are in a closed state at night, and the supercritical hydrothermal reaction system and the thermoelectric generation system are in an operating state; in daytime, the output port of the gas storage tank (6) and the valve at the bottom outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (4) are both in an open state.
4. The microalgae respiration coupling solar energy and supercritical hydrothermal reaction based power peak regulation system of claim 1, wherein O is2O of tank (2)2Enters a preheater (7) to preheat with the outlet flue gas from the supercritical hydrothermal reactor (8), and the preheated O2Enters the bottom of the supercritical water thermal reactor (8) to be used as an oxidant for hydrothermal reaction; the fuel is oxidized inside the supercritical hydrothermal reactor (8) to produce CO2And N2The mixed flue gas enters CO after being cooled by a preheater (7)2A separator (9) for separating pure CO2Part of the heat exchange liquid enters the bottom of the microalgae culture tank (1) to be used as a reactant for photosynthesis in the day, and part of the heat exchange liquid enters the second high-temperature heat regenerator (10) to exchange heat with heat conduction oil after absorbing solar energy.
5. The microalgae respiration coupling solar energy and supercritical hydrothermal reaction based power peak regulation system of claim 4, wherein the CO is CO2The output port of the separator (9) is provided with a three-way valve, and when microalgae is subjected to photosynthesis in daytime, CO is generated2Two branch valves of the separator (9) are both in an open state, and CO is generated when the microalgae performs respiration at night2A branch valve of the separator (9) connected with the microalgae culture tank (1) is in a closed state, and CO is2And a branch valve of the separator (9) connected with the second high-temperature regenerator (10) is in an open state.
6. The microalgae respiration coupling solar energy and supercritical hydrothermal reaction-based power peak regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the second high-temperature heat regenerator (10) is out-faced from the sideCO output from the mouth2CO output by the gas storage tank (6)2And CO cooled by the low-temperature regenerator (4)2Mixing, and introducing into a secondary compressor (12) to obtain CO at 700 deg.C and 30Mpa2High temperature and high pressure CO2Is divided into two parts, one part enters a low-temperature heat regenerator (4) to heat low-temperature CO2The other part of the power is fed into a first-stage turbine (13) to do work and drive a first generator (14) to generate power; the dead steam after acting is divided into two parts, one part is connected with CO output from the top outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (4)2The mixture enters a first high-temperature heat regenerator (5), the other part of the mixture enters a secondary turbine (15) to push a second generator (16) to generate electricity, the exhaust steam at the outlet of the secondary turbine (15) enters a waste heat boiler (17) for supplying heat to a user, and the exhaust steam at the outlet of the waste heat boiler (17) is converged with CO at the outlet of a primary compressor (3)2Entering a low-temperature regenerator (4).
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