Hydraulic self-priming fishing tool
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of downhole fishing tools, in particular to a hydraulic self-priming fishing tool.
Background
With the continuous extension of oil field exploitation time and the continuous deepening of development work, well faults caused by various reasons are unavoidable. Well junk is a common form of well failure and often has serious impact on normal production of oil, gas and water wells. Especially, small junk (impurity) can also cause the serious consequences of imperfect injection and production system, rapid reduction of production amount, influence on the pipe string drop-in property and the like in the oilfield production process, so that indirect economic loss is larger. Therefore, the underground accidents are treated in time, underground junk is salvaged, and the recovery of the well shaft to the normal oil-gas channel has important significance in reducing the loss of the oil-gas field, perfecting the injection-production system and sustainable development of the oil-gas field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a hydraulic self-suction type fishing tool, which overcomes the defects of the existing small-piece junk (impurity) fishing tool, can be operated for a plurality of times, and can well seal a cylinder opening during recycling to prevent the junk from falling.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a hydraulic self-priming fishing tool, which comprises an anchoring device 13, a hydraulic negative pressure device 25 and a fishing head 30;
The anchoring device 13 comprises a sealing joint 1, the sealing joint 1 is connected with one end of a central tube 10, a single-acting hydraulic cylinder 2 is arranged on the sealing joint 1, a piston 3 is arranged at the other end of the single-acting hydraulic cylinder 2, the central tube 10 penetrates through the single-acting hydraulic cylinder 2 and the piston 3, a spring 4 is sleeved outside the central tube 10, a fixed top end 12 is arranged at the other end of the central tube 10, the piston 3 is connected with one end of the fixed top end 12 through a connecting rod 5, a connecting rod 5 is arranged at the other end of the fixed top end 12, an anchoring rod 7 is arranged between the connecting rods 5, slip teeth 6 are arranged at two sides of the outer side of the anchoring rod 7, and an anchoring outer cylinder 11 is arranged at the outer side of the fixed top end 12 and is connected with a pressure valve jacket 35 through a coupler 31;
The hydraulic negative pressure device 25 comprises a hydraulic cylinder upper joint 14 connected with a pressure valve jacket 35, a motor shaft 22 is arranged between the hydraulic cylinder upper joint 14 and a hydraulic cylinder lower joint 23, a hydraulic cylinder is arranged at one end close to the hydraulic cylinder upper joint 14, and an impeller 24 is arranged at the tail end of the motor shaft 22;
the fishing head 30 comprises one end of a fishing cylinder 26 connected with the lower joint 23 of the hydraulic cylinder, and the other end of the fishing cylinder 26 is provided with a basket-like structure 27.
The fixed top end 12 is provided with a groove which is clamped with a convex groove in the anchoring outer cylinder 11.
The sealing joint 1 is structurally a plug based on a round platform structure, and is wide in one side and narrow in the other side, and the narrow side is connected with the single-acting hydraulic cylinder 2.
The piston 3 is coaxial with the central tube 10, and the central tube 10 passes through the piston 3.
The piston 3, the connecting rod 5 and the anchoring rod 7 form a connecting rod mechanism, 3 small holes are respectively distributed at 120 degrees at the right end of the piston 3 and the left end of the fixed top end 12, and the small holes are respectively connected with the connecting rod 5 through stud bolts 9; the anchoring rod 7 has slip teeth 6 at each end.
Teeth on the slip teeth 6 are in a right 45-degree direction, and the surfaces of the teeth are arc-shaped.
The hydraulic cylinder comprises a motor oil distribution disc upper joint 15 connected with a hydraulic cylinder upper joint 14, a motor rotor 16 and a motor plunger 17 are arranged on the motor oil distribution disc upper joint 15, a motor jacket 18 is arranged outside the motor rotor 16 and the motor plunger 17, a motor lower end cover 19 is arranged at the end part of the motor jacket 18, a hydraulic cylinder jacket 20 is arranged outside a motor shaft 22 between the hydraulic cylinder upper joint 14 and a hydraulic cylinder lower joint 23, and the motor shaft 22 is connected with the hydraulic cylinder upper joint 14 and the hydraulic cylinder lower joint 23 through threads.
The hydraulic cylinder jacket 20 is also connected to the motor shaft 22 by means of pins with 2 hydraulic cylinder bearings 21.
The hydraulic negative pressure device 25 is connected with the salvaging head 30 through a coupling 31.
The overshot 26 is pinned to the basket-like structure 27.
The basket-like structure 27 is composed of a blade 28 and a basket framework 29, and the blade 28 can swing freely.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention innovatively provides a sliding block connecting rod mechanism formed by a piston and a connecting rod mechanism, and the sliding block connecting rod mechanism has the advantages of being suitable for an elongated structure of a downhole tool, and being very small in occupied volume after an anchoring structure is retracted, and very suitable for being arranged in the downhole tool. The four-bar mechanism has large anchoring range, different anchoring diameters and different moving distances of the hydraulic cylinder, and the angle between the four-bar mechanism and the two connecting bars and the sliding bar is different after anchoring is completed, so that the four-bar mechanism can be well adapted to the problem of different anchoring diameters caused by deformation of a pipeline.
The fishing tool adopts the fishing head with a basket-like structure, so that small objects (impurities) entering the fishing tool can only enter in one direction from the fishing opening.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the anchoring device according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the hydraulic negative pressure device of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the fishing head of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a three-view of the piston structure of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a three-view of the fixed-tip structure of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a three-view of a basket-like structure of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a three-view of the basket frame structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1: a hydraulic self-priming fishing tool, which comprises an anchoring device 13, a hydraulic negative pressure device 25 and a fishing head 30;
As shown in fig. 2: the anchoring device 13 is provided with a sealing joint 1, a single-acting hydraulic cylinder 2, a piston 3, a spring 4, a connecting rod 5, slip teeth 6, an anchoring rod 7, a central tube 10, an anchoring outer cylinder 11, a fixed top end 12, a coupler 31, a pressure valve inner core 33, a pressure valve spring 34 and a pressure valve outer sleeve 35. Wherein the sealing joint 1 is connected with the anchoring outer cylinder 11 and the central tube 10 through threads, and the single-acting hydraulic cylinder 2 is arranged between the sealing joint 1 and the piston 3. The outer collar of the central tube 10 has a spring 4, the spring 4 being between the piston 3 and the fixed tip 12. The fixed top 12 is connected with the central tube 10 through threads, a groove is formed in the fixed top 12 and is clamped with a convex groove in the anchoring outer barrel 11, 3 small holes are respectively distributed at 120 degrees at the right end of the piston 3 and the left end of the fixed top 12, the small holes are respectively connected with the connecting rod 5 through the stud 9, the connecting rod 5 is connected with the anchoring rod 7 through the stud 9, two ends of the anchoring rod 7 are respectively connected with the slip teeth 6 through the bolts 8, and the slip teeth 6 play a role in fixing in the anchoring device 13. At the end of the anchoring device 13 a pressure valve housing is fitted via a coupling 31.
As shown in fig. 3: the hydraulic negative pressure device 25 is connected with the anchoring device 13 through a coupling 31, and consists of a hydraulic cylinder upper joint 14, a motor oil distribution disc upper joint 15, a motor rotor 16, a motor plunger 17, a motor outer sleeve 18, a motor lower end cover 19, a hydraulic cylinder outer sleeve 20, a hydraulic cylinder bearing 21, a motor shaft 22, a hydraulic cylinder lower joint 23 and an impeller 24. The motor shaft 22 is connected with the upper hydraulic cylinder joint 14 and the lower hydraulic cylinder joint 23 through threads, and a hydraulic cylinder consisting of an upper motor oil distribution disc joint 15, a motor rotor 16, a motor plunger 17, a motor jacket 18, a lower motor end cover 19 and a hydraulic cylinder jacket 20 is arranged at one end close to the upper hydraulic cylinder joint 14. There are also 2 cylinder bearings 21 mounted between the cylinder jacket 20 and the motor shaft 22 by means of a pin connection.
As shown in fig. 4: the fishing head 30 is connected with the hydraulic negative pressure device 25 through a coupling 32, and is composed of the fishing barrel 26 and the basket-like structure 27. The overshot 26 is pinned to the basket-like structure 27.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6: the right end of the piston 3 and the left end of the fixed top end 12 are respectively provided with 3 small holes at 120 degrees, and the small holes are respectively connected with the connecting rod 5 through the stud bolts 9.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8: the basket-like structure 27 is composed of blades 28 and a basket skeleton 29. The blades 28 can swing freely, the fishing tool needs to be lifted to the ground after the fishing operation is completed, in order to ensure that small objects (impurities) cannot fall again in the process of being lifted to the ground, the basket structure 27 enables the small objects (impurities) entering the fishing tool to only enter from the fishing port in a one-way manner.
The hydraulic self-priming fishing tool is designed by utilizing technologies such as three-dimensional modeling software, mechanical optimization design and the like on the basis of theory such as hydraulic transmission and control, hydrodynamics, material mechanics, modern structural test and optimization design from the aspects of hydraulic cylinder working principle, fishing tool structure and the like.
The hydraulic system of the device combines the characteristics of the hydraulic motor and the hydraulic cylinder of two traditional executing elements, realizes rotary motion in a single cylinder body under the action of the same hydraulic source, drives the impeller to rotate, reduces the pressure in the overshot, forms pressure difference with the outside, generates negative pressure and absorbs small junks (impurities).
The salvaging technology established by the design of the salvaging tool can overcome the defects of the traditional common salvaging technology, realize the purposes of once discharging a well string and continuously salvaging small junks (impurities), improve the salvaging efficiency and reduce the salvaging cost.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
When the fishing tool is operated, the fishing tool is firstly lowered to a deformed part of the underground sleeve by using the pipe column, high-pressure liquid is injected, when the high-pressure liquid is injected from the central pipe 10, the pressure valve inner core 33 is not opened enough for the initial liquid pressure, the single-acting hydraulic cylinder 2 is driven to operate, the piston 3 is pushed to move forwards, when the single-side slip teeth 6 are contacted with the inner wall of the sleeve, the piston 3 can move continuously, the four-bar mechanism continues to swing until the anchor bar 7 is parallel to the wall of the sleeve, and six slip teeth 6 (one slip tooth 6 is respectively arranged at two ends of the anchor bar 7 and three anchor bars 7) are all meshed with the inner wall of the sleeve. Since the linkage mechanism is a two-degree-of-freedom mechanism, the movement of the anchor rod 7 is very complex, the movement track cannot be known in advance, and it cannot be known whether the left slip bowl 6 or the right slip bowl 6 first contacts the inner wall of the casing. Nevertheless, the final position of the anchoring rod 7 is determined and after anchoring is completed, it is stable against the inner wall of the casing, so that normal use is not affected. At the moment, the piston 3 for continuously injecting the high-pressure liquid can not continuously move, the tool is anchored on the inner wall of the casing, the anchoring of the mechanism is stable and reliable, the downward movement of the upper drilling tool is prevented, and the upper pipe column and the well repairing equipment of the anchoring system are effectively protected. When the pressure continues to increase, the pressure valve core 33 is opened and the high-pressure fluid flows into the hydraulic negative pressure device 25 for the next operation. The high-pressure liquid enters the hydraulic negative pressure device 25 from the upper joint 14 of the hydraulic cylinder, enters a closed space surrounded by the motor stator and the rotor 16 through an opening on the oil distribution disc, and pushes the motor rotor 16 to drive the motor shaft 22 to rotate, so that the impeller 24 rotates. The pressure in the overshot 26 is reduced, a pressure difference is formed with the outside, a negative pressure is generated, and small junks (impurities) are sucked. The whole salvaging process improves the working efficiency and reduces the salvaging cost. After the fishing is finished, the pressure in the pipe column is relieved through the pressure relief device, the spring 4 returns to push the piston 3 to retreat, anchoring is relieved, the pipe column can be lifted, and the fishing tool is lifted. At this time, the impeller 24 cannot rotate due to pressure relief, so that a pressure difference is not formed between the inside of the cavity of the overshot 26 and the outside, the blades 28 can be leveled and blocked with the opening of the salvaging head 30, and small objects (impurities) cannot fall.