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CN111918990B - Polyamide fiber, woven and knitted fabric, and method for producing polyamide fiber - Google Patents

Polyamide fiber, woven and knitted fabric, and method for producing polyamide fiber Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111918990B
CN111918990B CN201980019994.2A CN201980019994A CN111918990B CN 111918990 B CN111918990 B CN 111918990B CN 201980019994 A CN201980019994 A CN 201980019994A CN 111918990 B CN111918990 B CN 111918990B
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Prior art keywords
polyamide
polyamide fiber
amount
fiber
yarn
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CN201980019994.2A
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CN111918990A (en
Inventor
高矢和成
佐藤佳史
栗林隆宏
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Toray Industries Inc
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Toray Industries Inc
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/78—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products
    • D01F6/80—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products from copolyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
    • D01D10/02—Heat treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/088—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/60—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/54—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads coloured
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
    • D04B1/16—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials synthetic threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/14—Dyeability

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Polyamides (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a polyamide fiber having good color development and excellent dyeing fastness. The polyamide fiber for achieving the above object comprises an aliphatic polyamide as a main component, and the amount of the amino terminal group in the aliphatic polyamide is 7X 10 ‑5 mol/g or more and 10.0X 10 ‑5 The polyamide fiber is required to have a rigid amorphous content of 40% or more.

Description

Polyamide fiber, woven and knitted fabric, and method for producing polyamide fiber
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a polyamide fiber having excellent color developability and dyeing fastness.
Background
Polyamide fibers represented by polycaproamide and polyhexamethylene adipamide are widely used for clothing, industrial materials, and the like because they are excellent in mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and heat resistance. In particular, they are used for many clothing applications because of their excellent strength, abrasion resistance, and the like. In recent years, with the diversification of fashion and the expansion of use, performance has been required to be improved in underwear, sportswear, casual wear, and the like. In particular, recently, there has been an increasing demand for polyamide fibers having excellent color developability, particularly matte color developability.
Various techniques have been proposed to improve the dyeability of polyamide fibers. For example, patent document 1 proposes a multicolor bulky yarn made of synthetic fibers having different dyeabilities, and describes an acid dye as an example thereofGood-dyeing NH 3 Polymers with a high amount of terminal groups and NH for slight dyeing of acid dyes 3 A combination of polymers having a small amount of terminal groups. Patent document 2 proposes 3 to 6.5% of titanium dioxide and 4 × 10 in the amount of amino terminal groups -5 ～8×10 - 5 Polyamide fibres in mol/g.
Since the polyamide fiber has an amide bond and an amino terminal group capable of forming an ionic bond with a dye molecule in the fiber structure, the polyamide fiber is dyed with good color developability by an ionic bonding dye (an acid dye or the like). Therefore, as described in patent documents 1 and 2, the more the amino terminal group, the more the dye uptake position of the dye, and the technology for improving dyeability and color development is being developed.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 7-189067
Patent document 2: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2004-292982
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
However, the polyamide exemplified in patent document 1 describes NH that is excellent in dyeing with an acid dye 3 Polymers having a large amount of terminal groups, but specific NH groups are not disclosed 3 The amount of terminal groups is estimated to improve color rendering properties. Further, since the partially oriented yarn is used, there is a problem that the polyamide fiber before the multi-color bulky processing for carpet use is poor in dyeing fastness from the viewpoint of the fiber structure. The oriented yarn is a yarn with a small amorphous portion, and the partially oriented yarn is a yarn with a local oriented portion.
The dyeing fastness is a degree of dyeing fastness to various external conditions such as sunlight, washing, sweat, rubbing, acid, and ironing. From the practical aspect, the light fastness and the washing fastness are expressed. In addition, although the polyamide fiber described in patent document 2 has a predetermined amount of amino terminal groups for use in clothing applications and improved color developability, the more the amount of titanium dioxide as a white pigment is increased, the more easily the color developability is reduced, the more easily the fiber orientation is loosened, and the problem of poor dyeing fastness from the viewpoint of fiber structure is present.
As described above, the polyamide fibers disclosed in patent documents 1 and 2 have a problem that the polyamide fibers are excellent in color developability, but the polyamide fibers used for clothing having a severe standard of dyeing fastness have poor dyeing fastness.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a polyamide fiber having excellent color developability and fastness.
Means for solving the problems
The above object can be achieved by the following constitution.
(1) A polyamide fiber comprising an aliphatic polyamide as a main component, wherein the aliphatic polyamide has an amino terminal group content of 7.0 x 10 -5 mol/g or more and 10.0X 10 -5 mol/g or less, and the rigid amorphous content required for the polyamide fiber is 40% or more.
(2) The polyamide fiber according to (1), wherein the titanium dioxide is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 10.0 wt% based on the total amount of the fiber.
(3) The polyamide fiber according to any one of (1) and (2), which has a total fineness of 5 to 235dtex.
(4) A knitted fabric for clothing comprising the polyamide fiber according to any one of (1) to (3).
(5) A process for producing a polyamide fiber, which comprises melting a polyamide resin raw material, discharging the polyamide resin from a spinneret, cooling and solidifying the molten polyamide resin to form a yarn, drawing the yarn, heat-treating the yarn, and winding the yarn,
the polyamide resin raw material contains aliphatic polyamide, and the amount of amino terminal groups in the aliphatic polyamide fiber is 7.0 x 10 -5 mol/g or more and 10.0X 10 -5 The content of the amino acid is less than mol/g,
the manufacturing method comprises the following steps (a) to (d):
(a) A discharge step, wherein the traction speed is 1300m/min to 2400m/min;
(b) A drawing step in which a yarn is drawn at a draw ratio of a drawing roll to a drawing roll, the drawing roll having a temperature of 150 to 190 ℃ and a draw ratio of 1.7 to 3.0 times;
(c) A relaxation treatment step in which, after the stretching treatment, the yarn is relaxed between the stretching roller and the winding roller, the relaxation rate being 0 to 2.0%;
(d) A winding step at a winding speed of 3000 to 4500 m/min.
Effects of the invention
The present invention can provide a polyamide fiber having excellent color developability and dye fastness.
Detailed Description
The polyamide fiber of the present invention will be described in detail below.
The polyamide used for the polyamide fiber of the present invention is a high molecular weight material having a so-called hydrocarbon group as a main chain and bonded by amide bonds, and can be produced by a polycondensation reaction using an aminocarboxylic acid or a cyclic amide as a raw material, or a polycondensation reaction using a dicarboxylic acid and a diamine as raw materials. Hereinafter, these raw materials for the high molecular weight material are referred to as monomers. The monomer is not limited to petroleum-derived monomers, biomass-derived monomers, a mixture of petroleum-derived monomers and biomass-derived monomers, and the like. The polyamide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polycaproamide, polyundecanolactam, polylaurolactam, polyhexamethylene adipamide, polyhexamethylene sebacamide, and polyhexamethylene dodecanediamide, and among these, polycaproamide is preferable because of its excellent yarn-forming properties and mechanical properties and its low tendency to gel.
The polyamide fibers of the present invention may contain the components 2 and 3 in addition to the most monomer components (for example, cyclic amide or dicarboxylic acid and diamine) without departing from the object of the present invention. The copolymerization component may contain, for example, a structural unit derived from an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, an alicyclic dicarboxylic acid, an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, an aliphatic diamine, an alicyclic diamine, or an aromatic diamine.
In the present invention, the "polyamide fiber containing an aliphatic polyamide as a main component" is a polyamide copolymer fiber containing an aliphatic polyamide as a main component. The main component herein means that the proportion of the aliphatic polyamide in the entire polyamide component is 90 wt% or more. When the aliphatic polyamide is formed from both the monomer as the main component and the monomer copolymerizable therewith, the total amount thereof may be 90% by weight or more.
The viscosity of the polyamide in the present invention may be selected within a range that is usual in the production of fibers for clothing, and it is preferable to use a polymer having a relative viscosity of 98% sulfuric acid of 2.0 to 4.0. Within the above range, a practical strength of the precursor can be obtained. Further, in order to apply the tension at the time of the optimum stretching and heat setting, crystallization and orientation of the polyamide proceed, the amount of rigid amorphous increases to an appropriate value, and the dyeing fastness is improved, which is preferable. On the other hand, sulfuric acid having a relative viscosity of 4.0 or less is preferable because it can be produced with a melt viscosity suitable for spinning.
The polyamide fiber of the present invention may contain, as necessary, various additives, for example, delusterants, flame retardants, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, infrared absorbers, crystal nucleating agents, fluorescent brighteners, antistatic agents, moisture absorbents (such as polyvinylpyrrolidone), antibacterial agents (such as silver zeolite and zinc oxide), and the like, in an amount of 0.001 to 10% by weight based on the whole polyamide fiber.
The polyamide fiber of the present invention has an amino terminal group content of 7.0X 10 -5 The mol/g is higher. Since the amino terminal group is a dye-uptake site, the amount of the amino terminal group is 7.0X 10 -5 When the molar ratio is more than mol/g, a color developing property suitable for use in clothing can be obtained. The amount of amino terminal groups is less than 7.0X 10 -5 At mol/g, the amino terminal group to be used for dyeing the dye is insufficient, and therefore, the color developability is poor, and the application to clothing applications is not easy. The larger the amount of the amino terminal group, the more preferable it is, but the upper limit thereof in the present invention is 10X 10 - 5 About mol/g. Preferably 7.5X 10 -5 mol/g or more, more preferably 8.0X 10 -5 The mol/g is higher.
The Rigid amorphous (crystalline amorphous) is an amorphous whose amount can be determined by the method described in the section of examples, and is an intermediate state between a crystal and a Mobile amorphous (conventional complete amorphous), and is an amorphous in which a molecule is in a frozen state even at a glass transition temperature (Tg) or higher and is in a fluid state at a temperature higher than Tg (for example, twelve hours, DSC (3) -glass transition behavior coding of polymer, journal of fiber and industry, vol.65, no.10 (2009)). The rigid amorphous content (ratio) is expressed by 100% crystallinity-mobile amorphous content.
In the present invention, the polyamide fiber contains a crystalline portion, a rigid amorphous portion, and a movable amorphous portion.
The polyamide fiber is required to have a rigid amorphous content of 40% or more. When the rigid amorphous content is 40% or more, the dye distributed in the mobile amorphous portion is suppressed, and the dye selectively dyes the amino terminal group, and thus the color developability is excellent and the dyeing fastness is excellent. When the amount of rigid amorphous is less than 40%, a large amount of dye is distributed in the mobile amorphous portion, and therefore, in the evaluation of fastness, the dye is removed from the mobile amorphous portion, and excellent dyeing fastness cannot be obtained. The larger the rigid amorphous content is, the more preferably 42% or more, and further preferably 45% or more. From the viewpoint of productivity, the upper limit value of the present invention is about 50%. The dye in the movable amorphous part is easily removed, and compared with this, the dye is more retained in the rigid amorphous part, and excellent dyeing fastness is obtained.
The polyamide fiber of the present invention preferably contains 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of titanium dioxide with respect to the total amount of the fiber. Titanium dioxide is known as an excellent white pigment and is widely used as a matting agent for synthetic fibers. When the white pigment is contained in the fiber, the appearance of the clothing becomes white, and a dark color is not easily obtained. When the content of titanium dioxide is increased, a high-whiteness color (pale tone) tends to be formed, and the dyeing property tends to be lowered. In particular, the polyamide fiber of the present invention has a content of 7X 10 amino terminal groups -5 At least mol/g, even if titanium dioxide is contained, becauseSince the number of dyes that can be dyed at the amino terminal group is increased, the dyeing property is improved, and the effect of the dyeing property can be more remarkably exhibited. The amount of titanium dioxide is preferably 0.3 to 5.0% by weight, more preferably 1.5 to 3.0% by weight, based on the total amount of the fiber. The titanium dioxide is preferably an inactive titanium dioxide which is generally used as a white pigment, and in order to prevent a decrease in the physical properties of the fiber, a titanium dioxide having an average particle diameter of 1 μm or less is preferably used.
The polyamide fiber of the present invention preferably has a tensile strength of 2.5cN/dtex or more. The tensile strength is more preferably 3.0cN/dtex or more. Within the above range, it is possible to provide a clothing excellent in strength that can withstand practical use in clothing applications (mainly underwear applications and sportswear applications).
The elongation of the polyamide fiber of the present invention is preferably 35% or more. The preferable range is 35 to 50%. Within the above range, a fiber having color developability and dye fastness and suitable for use in clothing can be obtained, and therefore, the fiber is preferable. Further, the process passability in high-order processes such as weaving, knitting, false twisting and the like is good.
In consideration of use as a long fiber raw material for clothing, the polyamide fiber of the present invention preferably has a total fineness of 5 to 235dtex (dtex) in a multifilament, and the number of filaments is preferably 1 to 144 filaments. When the single-filament fineness is reduced, softness can be obtained, but the appearance of a clothing article is whitened by diffuse reflection of light, a dark color is difficult to obtain, and the dye is easily removed from an amorphous portion. The total fineness is preferably 5 to 235dtex from the viewpoint of texture, color developability, and dye fastness required for producing a clothing article. In particular, the polyamide fiber of the present invention has a content of 7X 10 amino terminal groups -5 By setting the fiber rigid amorphous content to 40% or more in mol/g or more, the dye can be selectively dyed at the amino terminal group even if the single fiber fineness is reduced, and the distribution of the dye to the mobile amorphous part is suppressed, whereby the effects of color developability and dyeing fastness are more remarkably exhibited. More preferably, the total fineness is 5 to 110 dtex.
The cross-sectional shape of the polyamide fiber of the present invention is preferably circular, triangular, flat, lens-shaped (flat convex), bean-shaped (flat concave), Y-shaped, cross-shaped, or star-shaped.
The method for producing the aliphatic polyamide fiber of the present invention will be explained below.
The method for producing the polyamide polymer used for the polyamide fiber of the present invention is not particularly limited. The polyamide having a desired amino group content and titanium dioxide content can be produced by adding a diamine as an amino terminal group amount adjuster and titanium dioxide as a delustering agent to a polyamide monomer and performing a known polycondensation. The diamine and titanium dioxide may be fed in at the stage of raw materials, or may be added in the middle of the polycondensation reaction. Further, by mixing 2 or more kinds of the polyamide polymers obtained, desired amounts of amino groups and titanium dioxide contents can be set. The mixing method is not particularly limited, and melt mixing by an extruder or the like, dry mixing of mixed pellets, and the like can be mentioned.
Examples of the diamine as the amino end group adjusting agent include aliphatic diamines such as ethylenediamine, 1, 3-diaminopropane, 1, 4-diaminobutane, 1, 6-diaminohexane, 1, 7-diaminoheptane, 1, 8-diaminooctane, 1, 9-diaminononane, 1, 10-diaminodecane, 1, 11-diaminoundecane, 1, 12-diaminododecane, 1, 13-diaminotridecane, 1, 14-diaminotetradecane, 1, 15-diaminopentadecane, 1, 16-diaminohexadecane, 1, 17-diaminoheptadecane, 1, 18-diaminooctadecane, 1, 19-diaminononadecane, 1, 20-diaminoeicosane, 2-methyl-1, 5-diaminopentane and the like, alicyclic diamines such as cyclohexanediamine and bis (4-aminohexyl) methane, and aromatic diamines such as xylylenediamine and the like.
The relative viscosity of the polyamide polymer used in the polyamide fiber of the present invention is preferably 2.0 or more as a relative viscosity of a 98% sulfuric acid solution having a sample concentration of 0.01g/mL at 25 ℃. Further preferably 2.05 to 7.0, particularly preferably 2.1 to 6.5, and most preferably 2.15 to 6.0. When the relative viscosity is 2.0 or more, the yarn strength of the polyamide fiber can be expressed; when the content is 8.0 or less, the melt-spinnability is not deteriorated, and therefore, it is preferable.
The polyamide polymer used in the polyamide fiber of the present invention may further be added with a known end-capping agent to adjust the molecular weight. The blocking agent is preferably a monocarboxylic acid. Further, acid anhydrides such as phthalic anhydride, monoisocyanates, monocarboxylic acid halides, monoesters, and monohydric alcohols may be mentioned. The monocarboxylic acid usable as the end-capping agent is not particularly limited as long as it has reactivity with an amino group, and examples thereof include aliphatic monocarboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, lauric acid, tridecyl acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, pivalic acid, and isobutyric acid, alicyclic monocarboxylic acids such as cyclohexane carboxylic acid, and aromatic monocarboxylic acids such as benzoic acid, toluic acid, α -naphthoic acid, β -naphthoic acid, methylnaphthoic acid, and phenylacetic acid. In the present invention, 1 or more of these monocarboxylic acids may be used.
The polyamide fiber of the present invention can be produced by a known melt spinning apparatus. If the known melt spinning is exemplified, the polyamide fiber can be produced by the following method: pellets of a polyamide resin or the like are melted, measured and conveyed by a gear pump, discharged from a spinneret, and cooled to room temperature by blowing cooling air through a yarn cooling device such as a duct (chimney) to form yarns. The yarn strands were oiled and collected by an oiling device, and were entangled by a fluid interlacing nozzle device and passed through a drawing roll and a drawing roll. At this time, the stretching is performed according to the ratio of the peripheral speeds of the pulling roll and the stretching roll. Further, the yarn is subjected to heat treatment by heating of the stretching roll and wound by a winder (winding device), whereby a polyamide fiber can be produced.
The polyamide fiber of the present invention can be produced by the following spinning conditions: the polyamide polymer used in melt spinning has a relative sulfuric acid viscosity of 2.0 to 4.0; the melting temperature of the melt spinning is more than 20 ℃ and less than 85 ℃ relative to the melting point of the polyamide; and the heater temperature of the steam seal is above 200 ℃ to maintain the atmosphere temperature under the spinneret at a high temperature; in order to gradually cool the polyamide polymer discharged from the discharge holes under the spinneret, the cooling starting distance is set to 30 to 170mm, the pulling roll speed is set to 1300 to 2400m/min, the draw ratio is set to 1.7 to 3.0 times, and the winding speed is set to 3000m/min to 4500 m/min.
In particular, in a low-speed region (1300 to 2400 m/min), the stretching is performed by a pulling roll so that the orientation is relaxed before the stretching, and the orientation and crystallization are appropriately performed during the stretching. Further, the heat treatment is preferably performed using a stretching roll as a heating roll, and the heat treatment temperature is preferably 150 to 190 ℃. The relaxation rate between the heating roller and the winder is preferably 0 to 2.0%. This is because proper orientation and crystallization can be achieved by controlling the tension during heat treatment in the above range, and the rigidity/amorphous content of the polyamide fiber can be controlled to 40% or more.
Further, in order to gradually cool the polyamide polymer discharged from the discharge holes under the spinneret, the cooling start distance is set to 30 to 170mm, thereby promoting the relaxation of the orientation and further increasing the amount of rigid amorphous. More preferably, the amount of rigid amorphous can be further increased by providing a heating tube between the spinneret and the yarn cooling device and setting the temperature of the atmosphere in the tube to a range of 100 to 300 ℃.
The woven fabric of the present invention can be made into woven fabric by weaving using a usual method. Warp preparation is performed by arranging warp fibers side by side, warping them in a beam form on a creel, and then sizing and drying the fibers wound in the beam form. Then, the warp yarns are passed through a reed of a loom, and the weft yarns are thrown to produce a woven fabric. The loom is of a type such as a shuttle loom, an air jet loom, a water jet loom, a rapier loom, and a gripper loom, and can be manufactured by any loom. Depending on the weft yarn feeding method, several weaves such as a plain weave, a twill weave (twill), and a satin weave (satin) may be selected as desired.
The knitted fabric of the present invention can be produced by knitting by a usual method. The knitting machine is of a weft knitting machine, a circular knitting machine, a warp knitting machine, or the like, and can be manufactured by any knitting machine. Further, some knitting structures such as a plain weave, a rib weave, a purl weave, and a interlock weave (double knitting) are used for circular knitting and weft knitting, and some knitting structures such as a satin weave, a single bar warp flat weave, and a warp pile weave are used for warp knitting, and any one of them may be selected according to the purpose.
Furthermore, for the filaments used in a woven or knitted fabric, the polyamide fibers of the invention must be used at least in part. The other fibers may be natural fibers, chemical fibers, etc., without particular limitation.
Subsequently, dyeing is performed by a known method. Generally, the process is completed by refining, intermediate setting, dyeing, and finish setting. The dyeing machine includes a liquid flow dyeing machine, a jig dyeing machine, a beam dyeing machine, a rope dyeing machine (wins dyeing machine), and the like, and any dyeing machine can be used for dyeing. The polyamide dye may be a disperse dye, an acid dye, a complex salt dye, an acid mordant dye, a reactive dye, or the like, and is preferably an acid dye or a metal complex hydrochloric acid dye from the viewpoint of the overall fastness such as dyeing, washing, sunlight, and rubbing, and from the viewpoint of leveling property, and the polyamide dye may be treated at a temperature of 90 ℃ or higher for about 30 to 90 minutes. In order to prevent the discoloration after dyeing, fixation treatment (fixation treatment) may be performed using synthetic tannin, tannin/tartaric acid, or the like.
After dyeing, functional processing for the purpose of imparting a function can be performed. For example, in the case of a down jacket base fabric, calendering and waterproofing are performed as the function imparting. The calendering process may be performed on one side or both sides, and may be performed at any stage of the dyeing process, but is preferably performed after the dyeing process. The water repellent processing is resin processing or the like by padding, coating, dust suction, lamination, or the like, using a water repellent such as a paraffin-based, fluororesin-based, or silicone-based resin.
The polyamide fiber and the woven and knitted fabric of the present invention are not limited in their applications, and can be used for various clothing products such as sportswear, women's clothing for men, and underwear, which are typified by wind coats, down coats, golf coats, and raincoats.
Examples
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. The following methods were used for the measurement methods in the examples.
A. Relative viscosity of sulfuric acid
A0.25 g sample was dissolved in 100ml of 98 mass% sulfuric acid, and the flow-down time (T1) at 25 ℃ was measured using an Ostwald viscometer. Then, the flow-down time (T2) of only 98 mass% sulfuric acid was measured. The relative viscosity of sulfuric acid was defined as the ratio of T1 to T2, i.e., T1/T2.
B. Total fineness of fiber
The total fineness was measured as a total fineness (dtex) by a method of 8.3.1A according to JIS L1013 (2010) at a predetermined load of 0.045 cN/dtex. The single fiber fineness is a value obtained by dividing the total fineness by the number of filaments and is referred to as single fiber fineness (dtex).
The sample was wound 200 times with a scale having a frame circumference of 1.125m to prepare a skein, dried with a hot air dryer (105. + -. 2 ℃ C. Times.60 minutes), weighed with a balance, and the fineness was calculated from the value obtained by multiplying the weight by a official moisture regain. The measurement was performed 4 times, and the average value was defined as the fineness. The obtained fineness was divided by the number of filaments to obtain a single fiber fineness.
C. Strength and elongation
The measurement was carried out under the constant-speed elongation conditions shown in JIS L1013 (established in 1953, revised in 2010 (chemical fiber filament testing method)) using "TENSILON" UCT-100 manufactured by ORIENTEC corporation as a measuring instrument. The elongation is determined from the elongation at the point showing the maximum strength in the tensile strength-elongation curve. In addition, the strength is obtained by dividing the maximum strength by the fineness. The measurement was performed 10 times, and the average value was taken as the strength and elongation.
D. Amount of rigid and amorphous
The amount of rigid amorphous was measured using a measuring machine Q1000 manufactured by TA Instruments. The following values were used: the difference between the heat of fusion and the heat of cold crystallization (Δ Hm- Δ Hc) as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (hereinafter abbreviated as DSC), the difference between the specific heats (Δ Cp) as measured by temperature modulation DSC, and the theoretical values for 100% crystallization (complete crystallization) of the polyamide and 100% amorphization (complete amorphization) of the polyamide. Here,. DELTA.Hm 0 Is polyamide (II)Fully crystalline). In addition,. DELTA.Cp 0 The specific heat difference between the polyamide (completely amorphous) and the polyamide before and after the glass transition temperature (Tg) was obtained.
Based on the formulas (1) and (2), the crystallinity (Xc) and the mobile amorphous content (Xma) were determined. Further, the rigid amorphous content (Xra) is calculated from the formula (3). The amount of rigid amorphous is calculated from an average value obtained by performing these measurements 2 times.
(1)Xc(％)＝(ΔHm-ΔHc)/ΔHm 0 ×100
(2)Xma(％)＝ΔCp/ΔCp 0 ×100
(3)Xra(％)＝100-(Xc+Xma)。
Measurement conditions of DSC and temperature-modulated DSC are shown below.
(DSC measurement)
A measuring device: q1000 manufactured by TA Instruments
Data processing: universal Analysis 2000 manufactured by TA Instruments
Atmosphere: nitrogen flow (50 mL/min)
Sample amount: about 10mg
Sample container: aluminium standard container
Temperature-heat calibration: high purity indium (Tm =156.61 ℃, delta Hm = 28.71J/g)
Temperature range: about-50 to 300 deg.C
Temperature rise rate: heating process 1 st 10 deg.C/min (first run)
(temperature modulation DSC measurement)
The device comprises the following steps: q1000 manufactured by TA Instruments
Data processing: universal Analysis 2000 manufactured by TA Instruments
Atmosphere: nitrogen flow (50 mL/min)
Sample amount: about 5mg
Sample container: aluminium standard container
Temperature-heat calibration: high purity indium (Tm =156.61 ℃, delta Hm = 28.71J/g)
Temperature range: about-50 to 210 deg.C
Temperature rise rate: 2 ℃/min
E. Amount of amino terminal group
After 1g of the dried polyamide chips or fiber samples were accurately weighed and dissolved in 25ml of a phenol/ethanol mixed solvent (83.5, volume ratio), the amount of the amino terminal group was measured by titration at the time of neutralization titration using a 0.02N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution. In the present specification, the numerical value of the amino terminal group amount is represented by X10 -5 mol/g.
F. Titanium dioxide content
The crucible was baked in an electric furnace at 800 ℃ and, after cooling, weighed precisely (A1). An absolutely dry sample (S) was weighed in the crucible, and the sample was carbonized while being heated in an electric furnace. The samples were either raw sheet or fiber samples. Then, the crucible was baked in an electric furnace until a constant temperature of 800 ℃ was reached, cooled and precisely weighed (A2). From the results thus obtained, the content of titanium dioxide was determined by the following method.
Titanium dioxide content (%) = (A2-A1)/S × 100.
G. Preparation of Fabric (preparation of sample for measurement of items H and I)
Using a tubular knitting machine NE450W manufactured by english light industry, tubular knitted fabric was manufactured from 2 filaments. The obtained tubular knitted fabric was refined, then subjected to intermediate setting at 170 ° c. × 1 minute, subjected to dyeing-fixing (Fix) treatment with a metal-containing dye (lanasyn black M-DL 170 5% w) at 100 ° c. × 30 minutes, and then subjected to finish setting at 160 ° c. × 1 minute.
H. Color rendering property
The fabric obtained in item G above was subjected to L value measurement 3 times using a colorimeter SM-T manufactured by Suga tester, and the average value was calculated. The value of L is related to the brightness of the optical parameter, and the larger the value of L, the more white it is. For evaluation of color developability in a dark color, a smaller L value is more preferable.
The L value result was judged to be acceptable when C or more was in the range shown below.
A: less than 13
B: more than 13 and less than 16
C: more than 16 and less than 19
D: more than 19.
I. Fastness properties
The fabric obtained in item G above was measured by a method a-2 shown in JIS L0844 (test method for washing fastness), and the discoloration and fading were rated. As a result of the determination, the product was qualified at level 3 or more.
(example 1)
The polyamide is prepared so that the amount of amino terminal groups is 9.0X 10 -5 The molar ratio was adjusted so that 175kg of an 85% aqueous solution of epsilon-caprolactam, 460g of hexamethylenediamine and 12.5kg of a 20% aqueous solution of titanium dioxide were charged into a polymerization reactor having a capacity of 200 liters and dissolved to form a uniform solution. After the polymerization reactor was hermetically sealed with nitrogen, the inside of the reactor was heated for 1 hour until the internal pressure of the reactor reached 0.98MPa, and the temperature was raised to 250 ℃ while maintaining the pressure. After reaching 250 ℃, the pressure was released to atmospheric pressure for 40 minutes. Then, after keeping at 250 ℃ for 50 minutes under atmospheric pressure, the polymer was discharged and cooled/cut to prepare pellets. The unreacted components in the pellets were extracted with hot water at 98 ℃ in an amount 20 times that of the pellets, and dried by a vacuum dryer. The polyamide sheet obtained had a relative viscosity of sulfuric acid (abbreviated as. Eta.r) of 2.6 and an amount of amino terminal groups of 9.0X 10 -5 mol/g, titanium dioxide content 1.85 wt.%.
The polyamide sheet obtained as described above was melted at a spinning temperature of 260 ℃ and discharged from a spinneret having 68 circular holes (discharge aperture of circular hole of 0.20mm, hole length of 0.50 mm). A heating tube having a length of 50mm was arranged between a spinneret and a yarn cooling device, a cooling start distance was 169mm, yarns were passed through the tube having an upper layer at 300 ℃ and a lower layer at 150 ℃, cold air was blown to the yarns passed through the tube by the cooling device to cool and solidify the yarns, the yarns were oiled by an oil feeder, interlacing was carried out by an interlacing nozzle device, and the yarns were drawn at a draw ratio of 2.1 times between a drawing roll and a drawing roll having a surface temperature of 155 ℃, a relaxation ratio between the drawing roll and a winder was 1.0%, and the yarns were wound by a winder having a winding speed of 4000m/min, thereby obtaining a polyamide fiber of 44dtex-34 filaments.
The strength, elongation, amount of rigid amorphous, amount of amino terminal group, and amount of titanium dioxide of the obtained polyamide fiber were measured, and dyeability and fastness were evaluated by a tubular knitted fabric. The results are shown in Table 1.
(example 2)
A polyamide sheet was obtained by the same production method as in example 1, except that the amount of hexamethylenediamine was adjusted so that the amount of the amino terminal group of the polyamide became 7.7 mol/g.
The polyamide sheet obtained as described above was spun under the same spinning conditions as in example 1 to obtain a polyamide fiber, and the same measurement and evaluation were performed on the polyamide fiber, and the results are shown in table 1.
(example 3)
A polyamide sheet was obtained by the same production method as in example 1, except that the amount of hexamethylenediamine and the polymerization time were adjusted so that η r of the polyamide was 3.3 and the amount of the amino terminal group was 7.9 mol/g.
The polyamide fibers were obtained from the polyamide sheets obtained as described above under the same spinning conditions as in example 1 except that the draw ratio was 2.0 times and the relaxation rate was 1.6%, and the results of the measurement and evaluation of the polyamide fibers are shown in table 1.
(example 4)
A polyamide sheet was obtained by the same production method as in example 1, except that the amount of hexamethylenediamine was adjusted so that the amount of the amino terminal group of the polyamide became 7.0 mol/g.
The polyamide fibers were obtained from the polyamide sheets obtained as described above under the same spinning conditions as in example 1 except that the draw ratio was 1.9 times and the relaxation rate was 0.8%, and the results of the measurement and evaluation of the polyamide fibers are shown in table 1.
(example 5)
The same measurement and evaluation were carried out under the same conditions as in example 1 except that the relaxation rate was 1.5%, and the results are shown in table 1.
(example 6)
The same measurement and evaluation were carried out under the same conditions as in example 1 except that the relaxation rate was 2.0%, and the results are shown in table 1.
(example 7)
Except for adjusting the amount of titanium dioxide to be added so that the titanium dioxide content of the polyamide becomes 0.40 wt%, polycaproamide was obtained by the same production method as in example 1, a polyamide fiber was obtained under the same spinning conditions as in example 1 except that the draw ratio was 1.8 times, and the same measurement and evaluation were performed on the polyamide fiber, and the results are shown in table 2.
(example 8)
Except for adjusting the amount of titanium dioxide to 5.00 wt% in the polyamide, polycaproamide was obtained by the same production method as in example 1, polyamide fibers were obtained under the same spinning conditions as in example 1 except that the draw ratio was 2.5 times, and the results of the same measurement and evaluation were carried out on the polyamide fibers, which are shown in table 2.
(example 9)
Except for adjusting the amount of titanium dioxide to be added so that the titanium dioxide content of the polyamide becomes 0.10% by weight, polycaproamide was obtained by the same production method as in example 1, polyamide fibers were obtained under the same spinning conditions as in example 1 except that the draw ratio was 1.7 times, and the same measurement and evaluation were performed on the polyamide fibers, and the results are shown in table 2.
(example 10)
Except for adjusting the amount of titanium dioxide to be added so that the titanium dioxide content of the polyamide becomes 9.00 wt%, polycaproamide was obtained by the same production method as in example 1, a polyamide fiber was obtained under the same spinning conditions as in example 1 except that the draw ratio was 2.8 times, and the same measurement and evaluation were performed on the polyamide fiber, and the results are shown in table 2.
(example 11)
300kg of a 50% aqueous solution of an equimolar salt of adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine are introduced into a polymerization apparatus having a capacity of 200 l575g of hexamethylenediamine and 12.5kg of titanium dioxide in a 20% aqueous solution were dissolved to prepare a homogeneous solution. After the inside of the polymerization reactor was sealed with nitrogen, the internal pressure of the reactor was maintained at 0.2MPa, and the reactor was concentrated until the water content in the solution became 85wt%. Then, the temperature was raised for 1 hour until the internal pressure of the reactor reached 1.7MPa, and the temperature was raised to 255 ℃ while maintaining the pressure. After reaching 255 ℃, the pressure was released to atmospheric pressure over 60 minutes. Then, the pressure in the tank was reduced to-13 kPa and maintained for 30 minutes, and the polycondensation reaction was terminated. The polymer was discharged and cooled/cut to make pellets. The resulting polyamide sheet had η r of 2.7 and an amino terminal group content of 9.0X 10 -5 mol/g, titanium dioxide content 1.85 wt.%.
Except that the polyamide sheet obtained as described above was melted at a spinning temperature of 290 ℃, a polyamide fiber was obtained under the same spinning conditions as in example 1, and the same measurement and evaluation were performed on the polyamide fiber, and the results thereof are shown in table 2.
Comparative example 1
The same measurement and evaluation were carried out under the same conditions as in example 1 except that the draw ratio was 2.4 times and the relaxation ratio was 3.0%, and the results are shown in table 3.
Comparative example 2
Except that the amount of hexamethylenediamine was adjusted so that the amount of the amino terminal group of the polyamide became 5.1X 10 -5 The same production method as in example 1 was used except that the molar ratio was changed. The polycaproamide was measured and evaluated under the same conditions as in example 1, and the results are shown in table 3.
Comparative example 3
The same measurement and evaluation were carried out under the same conditions as in example 1 except that the pulling roll speed was 4545m/min, the stretching ratio was 1.0 times, the stretching roll was not heated, the relaxation rate was 1.0%, and the winding speed was 4500m/min, and the results are shown in table 3.
Comparative example 4
The amount of hexamethylenediamine was adjusted so that the amount of the amino terminal group of the polyamide became 7.5X 10 -5 mol/g, except thatA polyamide sheet was obtained by the same production method as in example 1. The polycaproamide was measured and evaluated under the same conditions as in example 1 except that the pulling roll speed was 3550m/min, the draw ratio was 1.3 times, the relaxation rate was 2.5 times, and the winding speed was 4500m/min, and the results are shown in table 3.
[ Table 1]
Figure BDA0002687019030000161
[ Table 2]
Figure BDA0002687019030000171
[ Table 3]
Figure BDA0002687019030000181
Industrial applicability
The polyamide fiber of the present invention has good color development and excellent fastness, and therefore can be used in various clothing products such as sportswear, casual wear, women's clothing for men, and underwear.

Claims (5)

1. A polyamide fiber comprising 90 wt% or more of an aliphatic polyamide in the total polyamide component, wherein the aliphatic polyamide has an amino terminal group content of 7.0X 10 -5 mol/g or more and 10.0X 10 -5 The polyamide fiber is required to have a rigid amorphous content of 40% or more.
2. The polyamide fiber according to claim 1, wherein the titanium dioxide is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 10.0 wt% with respect to the total amount of the fiber.
3. The polyamide fiber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the total fineness is 5 to 235dtex.
4. A machine-knitted fabric for clothing, comprising the polyamide fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. The method for producing a polyamide fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a polyamide resin raw material is melted, the polyamide resin is discharged from a spinneret, cooled and solidified to form a yarn, the yarn is drawn and heat-treated, and then wound,
the polyamide resin raw material contains an aliphatic polyamide in which the amount of amino terminal groups is 7.0X 10 - 5 mol/g or more and 10.0X 10 -5 The mol/g is less than that,
the manufacturing method comprises the following steps (a) to (d):
(a) A discharging process, wherein the traction speed is 1300 m/min-2400 m/min;
(b) A drawing step in which a yarn is drawn at a draw ratio of a drawing roll to a drawing roll, the temperature of the drawing roll being 150 to 190 ℃, and the draw ratio being 1.7 to 3.0 times;
(c) A relaxation treatment step in which, after the stretching treatment, the yarn is relaxed between the stretching roller and the winding roller, the relaxation rate being 0 to 2.0%;
(d) A winding step at a winding speed of 3000 to 4500 m/min.
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