CN111909521A - Magnetic polymer composite material with efficient photothermal effect and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of polymer surface anti-icing. The application provides a magnetic polymer composite material with efficient photothermal effect and a preparation method and application thereof. The polymer composite material is a three-dimensional composite material with a micro-nano structure, is high in geometric dimension stability, remarkable in super-hydrophobic effect, capable of overcoming the defects that a surface hydrophobic anti-icing coating is easy to fall off and damage and poor in antifouling property, and has high wear resistance and service life. The preparation method provided by the application is simple to operate and low in cost, and the prepared magnetic polymer composite material with the efficient photothermal effect has wide application prospects in the fields of anti-icing, deicing, self-cleaning materials and the like.

Description

Magnetic polymer composite material with high efficiency photothermal effect and preparation method thereof application

technical field

The application belongs to the technical field of polymer surface anti-icing, and in particular relates to a magnetic polymer composite material with high efficiency photothermal effect and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background technique

Ice coating on transmission lines, composite insulators, and cryogenic liquid storage and transportation cause high energy consumption or major harm to power infrastructure and transportation systems, causing serious safety problems. De-icing and anti-icing are the two main methods used to improve icing conditions. At present, deicing methods mainly include mechanical deicing, heating deicing and chemical deicing. Although they are widely used, they are costly, cause serious environmental pollution, and easily damage components. Anti-icing methods include multi-scale surfaces such as coatings and geometric topologies, which are low-cost and environmentally friendly. However, the coating has weak adhesion to the substrate, the surface is easily damaged, the wear resistance is poor, and the anti-fouling performance is poor, resulting in a short service life. Studies have shown that the deicing light or electric heating system and the anti-icing hydrophobic coating have better anti-icing effect and can reduce energy loss. Among them, the utilization rate of energy by light and heat production is high, but it is unavoidable that the coating has a short life. The problem.

The coating method mentioned in the document "Superhydrophobic SiC/CNTs Coatings with Photothermal Deicing and Passive Anti-Icing Properties" solves the problem of anti-icing and deicing, but the adhesion between the coating and the substrate is weak, the surface is easily damaged, and the wear resistance is poor , Poor anti-fouling performance, resulting in short service life and other problems have not been resolved.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the present application provides a high-efficiency photothermal effect magnetic polymer composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, which overcome the shortcomings of the surface hydrophobic anti-icing coating, which is easy to fall off and is easily damaged, and has poor anti-fouling properties, and has high wear resistance. and service life.

The specific technical solutions of this application are as follows:

The present application provides a magnetic polymer composite material with efficient photothermal effect, including magnetic nanoparticles, one-dimensional quantum materials and polymer materials;

The magnetic nanoparticles are coated with polyphosphazene;

The magnetic nanoparticles support the one-dimensional quantum material and are arranged radially close to the surface layer of the polymer material.

In this application, in view of the problems encountered in deicing and anti-icing, a micro-nano structure is designed on the solid surface to reduce the effective contact area between water droplets and the surface, and reduce the adhesion of water droplets to the surface, so that the water droplets are not easy to accumulate and even roll before freezing. surface to raise the nucleation energy barrier and delay icing. In the present application, micron-scale coated magnetic nanoparticles with hydroxyl groups and one-dimensional quantum materials are modified in the form of loading, and then dispersed in the polymer material to form a magnetic polymer composite material with a neural network structure. The thermal conductivity from the interior to the surface of the composite is improved, which in turn improves the deicing efficiency. At the same time, the coated magnetic nanoparticles and the one-dimensional quantum materials are both photothermal materials, which complement each other and are interconnected. Coated magnetic nanoparticles can not only generate heat, but also drive the orientation of one-dimensional quantum materials, and one-dimensional quantum materials can also generate heat and conduct heat. Under the irradiation of a single point of infrared light, the whole will heat up, and even if the surface is damaged, it will not directly lead to The thermal conductivity disappears, so that the composite material of the present application has a long service life.

Preferably, the magnetic nanoparticles are selected from one of Fe ₃ O ₄ , NiFe ₂ O ₄ and CoFe ₂ O ₄ ;

The one-dimensional quantum material is selected from one of carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon fibers and nanosilver wires.

Preferably, the diameter of the magnetic nanoparticles is 10-50 nm, more preferably 10-20 nm.

In this application, the use of polyphosphazene to wrap magnetic nanoparticles can effectively solve the technical problems of poor water solubility, uneven distribution, and too small particles in the composite material, which cannot drive the material carrier to move in the magnetic field, resulting in excessive deviation of test results. . The present application can also adopt the modification method of oleic acid coating. The composite material obtained by the coating blending method is evenly distributed, and the surface will have hydroxyl groups to lay the foundation for good loading in the next step.

Preferably, the polymer material is selected from one of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC) and polystyrene (PS) .

The present application also provides a method for preparing a magnetic polymer composite material with high-efficiency photothermal effect, comprising the following steps:

S1: Magnetic nanoparticles and polyphosphazene are prepared by chemical cross-linking reaction to obtain magnetic nanoparticles wrapped by polyphosphazene;

S2: The one-dimensional quantum material is dispersed in a solvent, the magnetic nanoparticles wrapped by the polyphosphazene are added, and ultrasonically loaded to obtain a material carrier;

S3: The material carrier is ultrasonically dispersed into the polymer material, and molded and demolded under the action of a magnetic field to obtain the magnetic polymer composite material with high-efficiency photothermal effect.

In this application, since there is a hydrogen bond between the magnetic nanoparticles coated with polyphosphazene with active groups and the one-dimensional quantum material with carboxyl groups, the loading can occur in the solvent, and there is no need to limit the nanoparticles. Simplify the preparation process.

Preferably, the chemical cross-linking reaction described in S1 is specifically:

The magnetic nanoparticles and triethylamine are dispersed in a solvent, polyphosphazene and dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone are slowly added, and ultrasonic coating is performed.

Preferably, the solvent is a mixed solution of tetrahydrofuran and absolute ethanol;

The molar mass ratio of the polyphosphazene to the dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone is 1:3, the volume ratio of the triethylamine to the solvent is 1:25, the magnetic nanoparticles and the polyphosphazene are And the mass ratio of the total amount of dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone is 1:(40～100), more preferably 1:50;

The power of the ultrasonic coating is 80-90 kHz, the temperature is 25-35 °C, and the time is 5-7 h, more preferably, the power is 80 kHz, the temperature is 25 °C, and the time is 6 h;

The volume ratio of tetrahydrofuran THF and absolute ethanol was 9:1.

Preferably, the solvent in S2 is chloroform or toluene, more preferably chloroform, and the mass ratio of the one-dimensional quantum material to the magnetic nanoparticles is (2-5):1, more preferably 5:1;

The power of the ultrasonic load is 40-80kHz, the temperature is 25-35°C, and the time is 20-60min, more preferably the power of the ultrasonic load is 60kHz, the temperature is 25°C, and the time is 60min;

Preferably, the one-dimensional quantum material is specifically a carbon nanotube, and the carbon nanotube has a diameter of 3 nm to 10 nm and a length of less than 30 μm.

Preferably, the ultrasonic dispersion of the material carrier into the polymer material in S3 is specifically:

ultrasonically dispersing the material carrier in the polymer material solution, volatilizing the solvent, adding a curing agent to solidify;

The solvent of the polymer material solution is chloroform;

The volatilization temperature is 90°C, and the volatilization time is 8-12h;

The curing agent is AB glue, and the added amount is 10wt%.

Preferably, the dispersion concentration of the one-dimensional quantum material is less than 5 mg/mL, the dispersion concentration of the magnetic nanoparticles is less than 5 mg/mL, and the dispersion concentration of the polymer material is less than 0.4 g/mL. More preferably, the dispersion concentration of the one-dimensional quantum material is 4 mg/mL, the dispersion concentration of the magnetic nanoparticles is 4 mg/mL, and the dispersion concentration of the polymer material is 0.2 g/mL.

Preferably, the molding described in S3 under the action of a magnetic field is specifically:

The molding is carried out in a molding device equipped with a magnetic device, the molding device is provided with a porous plate, and a micro-nano template is fixed on the porous plate;

The micro-nano template is a 500-3000 mesh metal mesh template, a micron-scale laser-processed hole array or an anodized aluminum micro-nano orifice plate, more preferably a 3000 mesh metal mesh template;

The perforated plate is provided with an array of through holes with a diameter of 15 mm to 30 mm, more preferably 30 mm, and the thickness of the through holes is 1 mm to 2 mm, more preferably 2 mm.

In this application, the porous plate is fixed on the lower plate of the micro-nano template. Since the effective contact area between the polymer composite material and the cavity of the porous plate is much larger than the effective contact area with the micro-cavity in the micro-nano template, the open The friction force between the cavity in the porous plate fixed on the surface of the lower plate of the micro-nano template and the polymer composite material is greater than that between the micro-nano cavity in the micro-nano template fixed on the surface of the upper plate and the polymer composite material. The friction force can realize the smooth demoulding of the micro-nano structure.

Preferably, the intensity of the magnetic field action in S3 is 0.1T to 10T, and the action time is 10 to 30min, more preferably, the intensity of the magnetic field is 1T, and the time is 20min;

The molding temperature is 150°C to 180°C, more preferably 160°C, and the time is 10min to 20min, more preferably 15min.

In this application, the magnetic force should be applied after the mold is closed and before heating, so as to ensure that the magnetic particles of the composite material have a certain fluidity, so as to achieve directional arrangement and close to the surface layer.

Preferably, the process of demoulding described in S3 is specifically:

After the formed polymer composite material is cooled, it is first separated from the micro-nano template, and then separated from the porous plate by stripping the template to obtain the magnetic polymer composite material with high-efficiency photothermal effect;

The cooling temperature is 20°C to 30°C, more preferably 25°C.

A third aspect of the present application provides the application of the magnetic polymer composite material with high photothermal effect in anti-icing and deicing materials.

To sum up, the present application provides a magnetic polymer composite material with high efficiency photothermal effect and its preparation method and application. By loading magnetic nanoparticles with a one-dimensional quantum material, they are arranged radially close to the surface layer of the polymer material. , forming a functional surface with high photothermal conversion efficiency, realizing the dual functions of surface passive anti-icing and active photothermal deicing, and improving deicing efficiency. The polymer composite material of the present application is a three-dimensional composite material with a micro-nano structure, which has high geometric dimensional stability and a remarkable super-hydrophobic effect. Higher wear resistance and service life.

During the molding process under the action of the magnetic field, the particles affected by the magnetic driving force migrate and drive the melt to fill the micro-nano cavity, which is beneficial to the molding of the micro-nano structure of the composite material of the present application, while the traditional polymer material will change after adding particles. becomes more viscous, making it difficult to form micro-nano structures. At the same time, the magnetic nanoparticles will drive the one-dimensional quantum materials to move together and migrate along the magnetic induction line. Since the magnetic particles are oriented by the driving force of the magnetic field, it is more conducive to improve the thermal conductivity. By adjusting the strength and direction of the external magnetic field, the orientation of the material carrier and the radial migration of the surface layer are realized, the thermal conductivity is improved, the heat transfer path is shortened, and the light-to-heat conversion efficiency is improved.

The preparation method provided by the present application is simple in operation and low in cost, and the prepared magnetic polymer composite material with high efficiency photothermal effect has broad application prospects in the fields of anti-icing, deicing, self-cleaning materials and the like.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present application, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.

1 is a schematic diagram of the molding and demolding process in Example 1 of the application;

2 is a schematic diagram of the particle distribution of the magnetic polymer composite material with high efficiency photothermal effect provided in Example 1 of the present application;

Fig. 3 is the scanning electron microscope picture of the 3000 mesh micro-nano template used in Example 1 of the application;

4 is a top view of the porous plate used in Example 1 of the application;

5 is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of the magnetic polymer composite material with high-efficiency photothermal effect provided in Example 1 of the present application;

6 is a scanning electron microscope image of the material carrier in Example 1 of the application;

Fig. 7 is the drawing that the material carrier is adsorbed by the magnet in Example 1 of the application;

8 is a diagram of the surface wetting state of the magnetic polymer composite material with high efficiency photothermal effect provided in Example 1 of the present application;

9 is a schematic diagram of the ice adhesion strength test of the magnetic polymer composite material with high efficiency photothermal effect provided in Example 1 of the present application;

Illustration description: 1. Upper plate of molding device; 2. Porous plate; 3. Micro-nano template; 4. Magnetic polymer composite material; 5. Lower plate of molding device; 6. Magnetic device; 7. Icicle; 8. Composite material base.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the following descriptions The embodiments described above are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

The carbon nanotubes used in the examples of this application are provided by Xianfeng Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., with a purity of 95%, a length of 10-30 μm, a diameter of 20-30 nm, and a carboxyl group content of 1.23 wt%; the nano-iron tetroxide used The particles were synthesized by co-precipitation method; the micro-nano template used was a 3000-mesh stainless steel wire mesh, with long holes with a side length of about 180 μm and a width of 18 μm, and the hole spacing was about 50 μm (as shown in Figure 3); the porous The board is provided with an array of through-holes with a diameter of 20-25mm, and the thickness of the through-holes is 1-2mm (as shown in Figure 4).

Example 1

(1) configure 50 mL of solvent with tetrahydrofuran and absolute ethanol in a volume ratio of 9:1, take out 40 mL and put in Fe ₃ O ₄ and triethylamine with a volume fraction of 4%, and add the remaining 10 mL by molar mass ratio Polyphosphazene and dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone in a ratio of 1:3 were slowly dropped into the solution containing Fe ₃ O ₄ , and then wrapped in an ultrasonic frequency of 80 kHz, ultrasonic temperature of 25 °C, and ultrasonic time of 6 h to obtain a polymer. Magnetic nanoparticles coated with phosphazene;

(2) The magnetic nanoparticles obtained in step (1) were purified twice and dispersed in chloroform, the dispersion concentration was 4 mg/mL, and the carbon nanotubes with a mass ratio of 1:5 were dispersed in chloroform, and the dispersion concentration was also 4 mg /mL, under the ultrasonic frequency of 60 kHz, the ultrasonic temperature of 25 °C, and the ultrasonic time of 60 min, the material carrier was prepared by mixing and completing the load;

(3) Mix the material carrier in the diluted PDMS solution and disperse it uniformly, and use a hot plate to volatilize the solvent chloroform. Preheat the molding device, heat the upper and lower plates to 40°C, fix the micro-nano template on the lower surface of the perforated plate, pour the thermally conductive filler into the perforated plate, and then put it into the molding machine to close the mold, pressurize, apply magnetic force, The micro-nano cavity in the micro-nano template is filled with the thermally conductive filler, and the temperature is gradually raised to 150° C. after the mold is closed, and then the temperature is kept for 20 minutes to complete the curing. After cooling to room temperature, the mold is opened, and the micro-nano template fixed on the lower surface of the perforated plate is separated from the thermally conductive filler to realize the demoulding of the micro-nano structure, and then the perforated plate with the thermally conductive filler is taken out. Photothermal effect of magnetic polymer composites.

Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the molding and demolding process in Example 1 of the present application. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of particles in the polymer composite material of the present application under the action of a magnetic field. It can be seen from Figure 1 and Figure 2 that in the magnetic field, the magnetic particles in the liquid state will gradually move to the surface layer, driving the carbon nanotubes to align and migrate to the surface layer, so as to improve the thermal conductivity and shorten the heat transfer path, thereby improving the light-to-heat conversion. Efficiency and enhanced de-icing capability.

The surface scanning electron microscope image of the magnetic polymer composite material with high photothermal effect provided in Example 1 of the application is shown in FIG. 5 , and the scanning electron microscope image of the material carrier in Example 1 of the application is shown in FIG. 6 . In Example 1, the material carrier is adsorbed by the magnet as shown in Figure 7. It can be seen from Figure 5 that the micro-nano structure on the surface of the polymer composite material of the present application has a high degree of conformity with the geometric size of the micro-nano template, forming a functional surface with a neural network structure with high photothermal conversion efficiency, and high geometric stability. Has high wear resistance and service life. The recesses are slightly damaged when demoulding, but the exposed particles will improve the photothermal efficiency. It can be seen from Figure 6 and Figure 7 that the polyphosphazene-wrapped ferric oxide nanoparticles successfully loaded carbon nanotubes.

With the help of a contact angle measuring instrument, the sessile drop method was used to test the surface static contact angle of the magnetic polymer composite material prepared in Example 1, and the test droplet volume was 4 μL. The test results are shown in FIG. 8 , which is a diagram of the surface wetting state of the magnetic polymer composite material with high photothermal effect provided in Example 1 of the application. After testing, the surface static contact angle of the magnetic polymer composite material of the present application is 153°, which is in a superhydrophobic state. It can be seen that the superhydrophobic effect of the micro-nano structure on the surface of the magnetic polymer composite material of the present application is remarkable, and the anti-icing ability is strong.

The surface ice adhesion force of the magnetic polymer composite material prepared in Example 1 was tested by the tensile test method, and the schematic diagram of the ice adhesion strength test is shown in FIG. 9 . The ice coating on the surface of the composite material is directly peeled off by external force, and the maximum push-pull force F _max in the process is used to evaluate the adhesion force F of ice on the surface of the composite material. After testing, the surface ice adhesion force of the polymer composite material provided in Example 1 of the present invention is 9kPa, which is in a state of ultra-low ice adhesion force, and has excellent anti-icing ability.

The photothermal reaction test was carried out on the magnetic polymer composite material prepared in Example 1. The double surfaces of the composite material were irradiated with 808 nm near-infrared light, and the temperature of the composite material surface was monitored by an infrared thermal imager. After testing, the temperature of the upper surface (particle aggregation surface) of the polymer composite material provided in Example 1 of the present invention rose to 110°C in just 8 seconds, and the lower surface also rose to 60°C in 8 seconds, and the surface was rubbed with sandpaper. Pollution and micro-damage will not affect its excellent photothermal performance. It can be seen from this that the polymer composite material provided by the present application has a long service life and a high photothermal conversion efficiency.

Comparative Example 1

Preheat the molding device, heat the upper and lower plates to 40°C, fix the micro-nano template on the lower surface of the perforated plate, pour the PDMS solution without any fillers directly into the perforated plate, and put it into the molding machine to close the mold, so that The micro-nano cavity in the micro-nano template is filled with liquid. After the mold is closed, the temperature is gradually increased to 150 ° C and then kept for 20 minutes to complete the curing. After cooling to room temperature, the mold is opened, and the porous plate with the polymer composite material is taken out. mode, that is, a pure PDMS sample is obtained.

After testing, the static contact angle of the pure PDMS sample is 110°, and the ice adhesion force is 16kPa, which does not have excellent anti-icing performance. In the photothermal test, no matter how long it is irradiated, the surface temperature hardly changes, and it does not have photothermal performance.

Comparative Example 2

The surface of the pure PDMS sample in Comparative Example 1 was coated with the carbon nanotube-supported polyphosphazene-wrapped ferric oxide nanoparticles (material carrier) obtained in step (2) of Example 1 of the present application. After testing, the static contact angle of the coated pure PDMS sample is 120°~150°, and the ice adhesion force is 10kPa~20kPa, which is very unstable, indicating that the coating method has uneven distribution defects. In the photothermal test, the inner surface temperature rose to 80°C in 8s. Although the effect was very good, the surface was almost completely destroyed by lightly rubbing the sandpaper for a while, and there was no photothermal performance, indicating that the coating method was easy to fall off and had poor wear resistance. .

Comparative Example 3

According to the operation method of step (2) and (3) of Example 1, respectively take uncoated Fe ₃ O ₄ and PDMS and disperse them in chloroform by ultrasonic, after mixing, ultrasonically disperse again, and then completely volatilize chloroform on the hot plate to obtain Thermally conductive filler.

Preheat the molding device, heat the upper and lower plates to 40°C, fix the micro-nano template on the lower surface of the porous plate, directly pour the thermally conductive filler into the porous plate, put it into the molding machine for mold clamping, pressurize, apply magnetic force, Fill the micro-nano cavity in the micro-nano template with thermally conductive fillers, gradually raise the temperature to 150°C after closing the mold, and then keep the temperature for 20 minutes to complete the curing. After cooling to room temperature, the mold is opened, and the porous plate with the thermally conductive fillers is taken out. mold, that is, the magnetic polymer composite material is obtained.

It can be seen to the naked eye that most of the magnetic particles are distributed on the bottom surface of the composite matrix. After testing, the static contact angle of the polymer composite material is 135°, and the ice adhesion force is 10kPa. Due to the microstructure on the surface, it has a certain passive anti-icing ability. In the photothermal test, the densely aggregated surface (bottom surface) of the magnetic polymer composite material rose to 100°C within 8s, on the contrary, the backside of the magnetic polymer composite material only rose to 50°C within 8s, which indicates that the magnetic particles tend to The surface layer migrates radially instead of densely concentrated on the face, which will greatly improve the efficiency of light-to-heat conversion.

Comparative Example 4

According to the operation method of step (1) and (2) of Example 1, respectively take the magnetic nanoparticles wrapped by polyphosphazene, CNTs (unsupported) and PDMS ultrasonically dispersed in chloroform, after mixing, ultrasonically dispersed again, and then on a hot plate Chloroform was completely evaporated on the surface to obtain a thermally conductive filler.

Preheat the molding device, heat the upper and lower plates to 40°C, fix the micro-nano template on the lower surface of the perforated plate, directly pour the thermally conductive filler into the perforated plate, put it into the molding machine to close the mold, pressurize without applying magnetic force , fill the micro-nano cavity in the micro-nano template with thermally conductive fillers, gradually raise the temperature to 150°C after closing the mold, then keep the temperature for 20 minutes to complete the curing, cool down to room temperature, open the mold, take out the porous plate with the thermally conductive fillers attached, and press down to achieve After demolding, the magnetic polymer composite material without CNTs is obtained.

After testing, the static contact angle of the magnetic polymer composite without loading CNTs is 140°, and the ice adhesion force is 9kPa. Due to the microstructure on the surface of the composite material, its passive anti-icing ability is not greatly affected. In the photothermal test, since there is no magnetic force applied, the two sides of the composite material are only slightly changed by gravity, and the temperature rises to 85°C and 80°C respectively within 8s, indicating that the polymer composite material of the present application has the highest photothermal conversion efficiency.

As mentioned above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand: The technical solutions described in the embodiments are modified, or some technical features thereof are equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A magnetic polymer composite material with high-efficiency photothermal effect is characterized by comprising magnetic nanoparticles, a one-dimensional quantum material and a polymer material;

the magnetic nano particles are coated by polyphosphazene;

the magnetic nano particles load the one-dimensional quantum material and are radially arranged close to the surface layer of the high polymer material.

2. The magnetic polymer composite material with high photothermal effect of claim 1, wherein the magnetic nanoparticles are selected from Fe₃O₄、NiFe₂O₄And CoFe₂O₄One of (1);

the one-dimensional quantum material is selected from one of carbon nano tube, graphene, carbon fiber and nano silver wire.

3. The magnetic polymer composite material with high photothermal effect of claim 1, wherein the polymer material is selected from one of polydimethylsiloxane, polypropylene, polyethylene, polycarbonate and polystyrene.

4. A method for preparing the magnetic polymer composite material with high-efficiency photothermal effect according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the following steps:

s1: the magnetic nanoparticles and polyphosphazene are subjected to chemical crosslinking reaction to prepare polyphosphazene-coated magnetic nanoparticles;

s2: dispersing the one-dimensional quantum material in a solvent, adding the polyphosphazene-coated magnetic nanoparticles, and carrying out ultrasonic loading to obtain a material carrier;

s3: and ultrasonically dispersing the material carrier into the high polymer material, and molding and demolding under the action of a magnetic field to obtain the magnetic high polymer composite material with the efficient photothermal effect.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the chemical crosslinking reaction in S1 is specifically:

the magnetic nano particles and triethylamine are dispersed in a solvent, polyphosphazene and dihydroxy diphenyl sulfone are slowly added, and ultrasonic coating is carried out.

6. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the solvent is a mixed solution of tetrahydrofuran and absolute ethanol;

the molar mass ratio of the polyphosphazene to the dihydroxy diphenyl sulfone is 1:3, the volume ratio of the triethylamine to the solvent is 1:25, and the mass ratio of the magnetic nanoparticles to the total amount of the polyphosphazene and the dihydroxy diphenyl sulfone is 1 (40-100);

the ultrasonic coating power is 80-90 kHz, the temperature is 25-35 ℃, and the time is 5-7 h.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the solvent in S2 is chloroform or toluene, and the mass ratio of the one-dimensional quantum material to the magnetic nanoparticles is (2-5): 1;

the power of the ultrasonic load is 40-80 kHz, the temperature is 25-35 ℃, and the time is 20-60 min.

8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the molding under the action of the magnetic field in S3 is specifically:

forming in a die pressing device provided with a magnetic device, wherein the die pressing device is provided with a porous plate, and a micro-nano template is fixed on the porous plate;

the micro-nano template is a 500-3000-mesh metal screen template, a micron-sized laser-processed hole array or an anodic aluminum oxide micro-nano hole plate;

the perforated plate is provided with a through hole array with the diameter of 15 mm-30 mm, and the thickness of the through hole is 1 mm-2 mm.

9. The method according to claim 4, wherein the intensity of the magnetic field in S3 is 0.1T-10T;

the molding temperature is 150-180 ℃, and the molding time is 10-20 min.

10. The use of the magnetic polymer composite material with high-efficiency photothermal effect according to any one of claims 1-3 in an anti-icing and deicing material.

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