CN111879580A - Sample preparation device and sample preparation method for geotechnical large triaxial test - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering tests, in particular to a sample preparation device and a sample preparation method for a geotechnical triaxial test. The sample preparation device for geotechnical triaxial test comprises a split main cylinder and a split auxiliary cylinder. Each split main half cylinder includes a main cylinder bearing part and a main cylinder main body, each split auxiliary half cylinder includes a secondary cylinder main body and a secondary cylinder bearing part, and the auxiliary cylinder bearing part can be connected with the main cylinder. The carrying portion is snap-fitted and docked. The sample preparation device for the geotechnical large triaxial test can meet the preparation requirements of large triaxial samples of various sizes, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the test data.

Description

Sample preparation device and sample preparation method for geotechnical triaxial test

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering tests, in particular to a sample preparation device and a sample preparation method for a geotechnical triaxial test.

Background technique

In experimental soil mechanics, the large triaxial test is a commonly used method to measure the mechanical parameters of coarse-grained soils. At present, the geotechnical test specifications at home and abroad generally stipulate that the height-diameter ratio of the sample is 2.0 to 2.5. At present, there are three main types of sample height-diameter ratios used by scientific research institutes and universities: 2.0 (600mm × 300mm), 2.3 (700mm × 300mm) , 2.5 (750mm×300mm). The existing sample preparation device can only produce large triaxial samples of a single size, and the large triaxial samples of a single size will bring unstable factors to the test and affect the accuracy of the test data.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

(1) Technical problems to be solved

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a sample preparation device and a sample preparation method for a geotechnical large triaxial test, so as to solve the problem that the existing sample preparation device can only produce a large triaxial sample of a single size, which affects the accuracy of the test data. The problem.

(2) Technical solutions

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a sample preparation device for a geotechnical triaxial test, which includes a split main cylinder and a split auxiliary cylinder, wherein the split main cylinder includes two pairs of interlocking pairs. The main half-cylinder is split, and the split sub-cylinder includes two split sub-half cylinders that are fastened to each other; each of the split main half-cylinders includes a main cylinder bearing part and a main cylinder main body arranged in sequence from top to bottom, Each of the split sub-half cylinders includes a sub-cylinder main body and a sub-cylinder bearing part arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and the sub-cylinder bearing part can be engaged with the main cylinder bearing part.

Further, the inner diameter of the main cylinder bearing part is equal to the inner diameter of the main cylinder body, the outer diameter of the main cylinder bearing part is smaller than the outer diameter of the main cylinder body; the inner diameter of the auxiliary cylinder bearing part is smaller than that of the main cylinder bearing part. The inner diameter of the sub-cylinder main body, the outer diameter of the sub-cylinder bearing portion is equal to the outer diameter of the sub-cylinder main body; the inner diameter of the sub-cylinder main body is equal to the inner diameter of the main cylinder main body.

Further, the left and right ends of the main cylinder body are correspondingly provided with a first main cylinder extension plate and a second main cylinder extension plate extending outward, and the two first main cylinder extension plates are attached to each other, and the two The first main barrel extension plates are connected by a plurality of first connecting pieces; the two second main barrel extension plates are attached to each other, and the two second main barrel extension plates are connected by a plurality of second connections pieces are connected.

Specifically, the first main cylinder extension plate is provided with a plurality of first main cylinder positioning holes matched with the first connecting member, and the plurality of first main cylinder positioning holes are arranged in sequence from top to bottom at intervals , each of the first connecting pieces respectively passes through the corresponding two positioning holes of the first main cylinder; the extension plate of the second main cylinder is provided with a plurality of second main cylinders matched with the second connecting pieces A cylinder positioning hole, a plurality of the second main cylinder positioning holes are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, and each of the second connecting pieces respectively passes through the corresponding two second main cylinder positioning holes.

Further, the left and right ends of the main body of the auxiliary cylinder are correspondingly provided with a first auxiliary cylinder extension plate and a second auxiliary cylinder extension plate extending outward, and the two first auxiliary cylinder extension plates are attached to each other, and the two The extension plates of the first sub-cylinder are connected by a third connecting piece; the two extending plates of the second sub-cylinder are attached to each other, and the two extending plates of the second sub-cylinder are connected by a fourth connecting piece.

Specifically, the extension plate of the first auxiliary cylinder is provided with a plurality of first auxiliary cylinder positioning holes matched with the third connecting member, and the plurality of the first auxiliary cylinder positioning holes are arranged at intervals from top to bottom in sequence , each of the third connecting pieces respectively passes through the corresponding two positioning holes of the first auxiliary cylinder; the extension plate of the second auxiliary cylinder is provided with a plurality of second auxiliary cylinders matched with the fourth connecting piece A cylinder positioning hole, a plurality of the second auxiliary cylinder positioning holes are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, and each of the fourth connecting pieces respectively passes through the corresponding two second auxiliary cylinder positioning holes.

Further, the two split main half cylinders are respectively a first split main half cylinder and a second split main half cylinder, and a plurality of first split main half cylinders are respectively provided on the inner side walls of the first split main half cylinders. A horizontal vacuum guide groove and a first vertical vacuum guide groove, a plurality of the first horizontal vacuum guide grooves are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, and the first vertical vacuum guide grooves are respectively connected with each of the first horizontal vacuum guide grooves. The grooves are connected; the inner side walls of the second split main semi-cylinder are respectively provided with a plurality of second transverse vacuum guide grooves and a second longitudinal vacuum guide groove, and the plurality of second transverse vacuum guide grooves are from top to bottom. They are arranged at intervals, and the second vertical vacuum guide grooves are respectively communicated with each of the second horizontal vacuum guide grooves; .

Further, the first split main semi-cylinder is provided with a first vacuum exhaust hole, the first vacuum exhaust hole penetrates the side wall of the first split main semi-cylinder, and the first vacuum exhaust hole communicating with the first longitudinal vacuum guide groove;

Or, the second split main semi-cylinder is provided with a second vacuum suction hole, the second vacuum suction hole penetrates the side wall of the second split main semi-cylinder, and the second vacuum suction hole and The second longitudinal vacuum guide grooves communicate with each other.

Specifically, the first vacuum suction hole is arranged at the middle height position of the first half-split main semi-cylinder;

Or, the second vacuum suction hole is arranged at the middle height position of the second half-split main semi-cylinder.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention also provides a sample preparation method for a geotechnical triaxial test, the method adopts the above-mentioned sample preparation device for a geotechnical triaxial test, and the method specifically includes:

Place filter paper on the base of the pressure chamber, cover the rubber membrane on the base of the pressure chamber, and use a rubber band to fasten and fix the bottom end of the rubber membrane and the base of the pressure chamber;

Fasten the two split main and half cylinders to each other and install them on the base of the pressure chamber, so that the split main cylinder formed by the two split main half cylinders is located on the outside of the rubber film; The split auxiliary semi-cylinders are buckled with each other and are snap-butted on the upper end of the split main cylinder, so that the split auxiliary cylinder formed by the two split auxiliary semi-cylinders is located on the outside of the rubber film; The upper end of the rubber film is everted and arranged on the outer side of the upper end of the split auxiliary cylinder;

Connect the vacuum pump with the first vacuum suction hole or the second vacuum suction hole on the split main cylinder through a connecting pipe, turn on the vacuum pump to evacuate, so that the rubber film is connected to the inner side wall of the split main cylinder. close fit;

Calculate the total mass of the required soil sample according to the relative compactness of the test control, and divide the soil sample into several equal parts; each part of the soil sample is sequentially loaded into the interior of the rubber film according to the requirements to form a sample, and then the soil sample is divided into several parts. Flatten the top of the sample; place filter paper, permeable plate and sample cap on the top of the sample in sequence, and then fold the upper end of the rubber film upwards so that the upper end of the rubber film is sleeved on the On the outside of the sample cap, the rubber film and the sample cap are fastened and fixed by a rubber band;

Connect the vacuum pump to the through hole of the sample cap, turn on the vacuum pump to evacuate, and make the sample stand upright under negative pressure;

Remove the split secondary cylinder and the split main cylinder in sequence.

(3) Beneficial effects

The above-mentioned technical scheme of the present invention has the following advantages:

The sample preparation device for geotechnical triaxial test provided by the present invention is provided with a split main cylinder and a split auxiliary cylinder, wherein the split main cylinder includes two split main semi-cylinders that are engaged with each other, and the split auxiliary cylinder The barrel includes two split auxiliary semi-cylinders that engage with each other, each split main semi-cylinder includes a main barrel bearing part and a main barrel main body arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and each split auxiliary semi-cylinder includes a top-to-bottom The secondary cylinder main body and the secondary cylinder bearing part are arranged in sequence, wherein the secondary cylinder bearing part can be engaged with the main cylinder bearing part, so that the split secondary cylinder can be used in cooperation with the split main cylinder. In use, the split main cylinder can be used alone for sample preparation, or the split main cylinder and the split sub cylinder can be assembled for sample preparation, and according to the actual use requirements, the split sub cylinder can also be set to For different heights, the split sub-cylinders of different heights are used in conjunction with the split main cylinder respectively, so as to meet the preparation requirements of large triaxial samples of various sizes, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the test data.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sample preparation device for geotechnical triaxial testing according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a cross-sectional view of a sample preparation device for a geotechnical triaxial test according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of split main semi-cylinder;

Fig. 4 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of split vice semi-cylinder;

Fig. 5 is another structural schematic diagram of the split auxiliary semi-cylinder.

In the picture:

1: split main cylinder; 101: split main half cylinder; 101A: main cylinder bearing part; 101B: main cylinder main body; 102: first main cylinder extension plate; 103: second main cylinder extension plate; 104: first Main cylinder positioning hole; 105: Second main cylinder positioning hole; 106: Horizontal vacuum guide groove; 107: Vertical vacuum guide groove; 108: Vacuum suction hole;

2: split secondary cylinder; 2a: first split secondary cylinder; 2b: second split secondary cylinder; 201: split secondary semi-cylinder; 201A: secondary cylinder main body; 201B: secondary cylinder bearing part; 202: first 203: the extension plate of the second auxiliary cylinder; 204: the positioning hole of the first auxiliary cylinder; 205: the positioning hole of the second auxiliary cylinder.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments These are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a sample preparation device for a geotechnical triaxial test, including a split main cylinder 1 and a split secondary cylinder 2, wherein the split main cylinder 1 includes two There are two split main semi-cylinders 101 which are engaged with each other, and the split sub-cylinder 2 includes two split sub-cylinders 201 which are engaged with each other.

Each split main semi-cylinder 101 includes a main cylinder bearing portion 101A and a main cylinder main body 101B arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and each split sub-half cylinder 201 includes an auxiliary cylinder main body 201A and an auxiliary cylinder arranged in order from top to bottom. The bearing part 201B, wherein the auxiliary cylinder bearing part 201B can be engaged with the main cylinder bearing part 101A by engaging and docking.

In use, the split main cylinder 1 can be used alone for sample preparation, or the split main cylinder 1 and the split auxiliary cylinder 2 can be butt-assembled for sample preparation. Among them, a plurality of split auxiliary cylinders 2 can be set up according to actual use requirements. The structure of each split auxiliary cylinder 2 is the same, but the height dimension of each split auxiliary cylinder 2 is different, and each split auxiliary cylinder 2 can be matched with the split main cylinder 2. The barrel 1 is butt-fitted. That is, by replacing the split secondary cylinders 2 with different height sizes on the split main cylinder 1, a variety of sample preparation devices with different height sizes can be formed, so as to meet the preparation of large triaxial samples of various different sizes. requirements to ensure the accuracy of the test data.

Specifically, when a plurality of halved auxiliary cylinders 2 are provided, the heights of the auxiliary cylinder main bodies 201A in each of the halved auxiliary cylinders 2 are not equal, and the heights of the auxiliary cylinder bearing parts 201B in each of the halved auxiliary cylinders 2 are equal, thereby This enables each of the split secondary cylinders 2 to be engaged with the split main cylinder 1 , and after engaging and butt-jointed, sample preparation devices of different heights can be formed.

For example, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 , the sample preparation device has two split sub-cylinders, which are respectively a first split sub-cylinder 2a and a second split sub-cylinder 2b, wherein The first split sub-cylinder 2a and the second split sub-cylinder 2b have the same structure, and the height of the sub-cylinder main body 201A of the first split sub-cylinder 2a is smaller than the height of the sub-cylinder main body 201A of the second split sub-cylinder 2b.

As shown in FIG. 2 , in the specific embodiment of the present invention, the inner diameter of the main cylinder bearing portion 101A is equal to the inner diameter of the main cylinder body 101B, and the outer diameter of the main cylinder bearing portion 101A is smaller than the outer diameter of the main cylinder body 101B, so that the The outer side wall of the split main cylinder 1 forms a first step. The inner diameter of the sub-cylinder bearing portion 201B is smaller than that of the sub-cylinder body 201A, and the outer diameter of the sub-cylinder bearing portion 201B is equal to the outer diameter of the sub-cylinder body 201A, so that a second step is formed on the inner wall of the halved sub-cylinder 2 . When the split secondary cylinder 2 is assembled with the split main cylinder 1 , the second step and the first step can be snapped butt-jointed.

The inner diameter of the sub-cylinder body 201A is equal to the inner diameter of the main cylinder body 101B, so that after the split sub-cylinder 2 and the split main cylinder 1 are assembled, the inner side wall of the split sub-cylinder 2 and the split main cylinder 1 Can connect smoothly.

Wherein, the inner diameter of the auxiliary cylinder bearing portion 201B is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the main cylinder bearing portion 101A, so as to facilitate the engaging and butt joint between the split secondary cylinder 2 and the split main cylinder 1 .

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the left and right ends of the main cylinder body 101B are correspondingly provided with a first main cylinder extension plate 102 and a second main cylinder extension plate 103 extending outward. When the two split main half cylinders 101 are snap-fitted and installed, the two first main cylinder extension plates 102 are attached to each other, and a plurality of first connecting pieces (not shown in the figure) pass between the two first main cylinder extension plates 102 ) are connected, the two second main barrel extension plates 103 are attached to each other, and the two second main barrel extension plates 103 are connected by a plurality of second connectors (not shown in the figure), so as to realize the two main barrel main bodies 101B between the installation is fixed.

Specifically, the first main cylinder extension plate 102 is provided with a plurality of first main cylinder positioning holes 104 matched with the first connecting member, and the plurality of first main cylinder positioning holes 104 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom at intervals. The first connecting pieces pass through the corresponding two first main barrel positioning holes 104 respectively, so as to realize the connection and fixation between the two first main barrel extension plates 102 .

The second main cylinder extension plate 103 is provided with a plurality of second main cylinder positioning holes 105 matched with the second connecting pieces. The plurality of second main cylinder positioning holes 105 are arranged at intervals from top to bottom. Pass through the corresponding two second main cylinder positioning holes 105 respectively, so as to realize the connection and fixation between the two second main cylinder extension plates 103 .

Specifically, the first connecting member and the second connecting member may use bolts.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the left and right ends of the sub-tube main body 201A are correspondingly provided with a first sub-tube extension plate 202 and a second sub-tube extension plate 203 extending outward. When the two split auxiliary semi-cylinders 201 are snap-fitted and installed, the two first auxiliary cylinder extension plates 202 are attached to each other, and the two first auxiliary cylinder extension plates 202 are connected by a third connecting piece (not shown in the figure). , the two second sub-tube extension plates 203 are attached to each other, and the two second sub-tube extension plates 203 are connected by a fourth connecting piece (not shown in the figure), so as to realize the installation between the two sub-tube main bodies 201A fixed.

Specifically, the first auxiliary cylinder extension plate 202 is provided with a plurality of first auxiliary cylinder positioning holes 204 matched with the third connecting member. The third connecting pieces pass through the corresponding two first auxiliary cylinder positioning holes 204 respectively, so as to realize the connection and fixation between the two first auxiliary cylinder extension plates 202 .

The second auxiliary cylinder extension plate 203 is provided with a plurality of second auxiliary cylinder positioning holes 205 matched with the fourth connecting member, and the plurality of second auxiliary cylinder positioning holes 205 are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, and each fourth connecting member respectively pass through the corresponding two second sub-cylinder positioning holes 205 , so as to realize the connection and fixation between the two second sub-cylinder extension plates 203 .

In a further embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of transverse vacuum guide grooves 106 and a longitudinal vacuum guide groove 107 are respectively provided on the inner side walls of each of the split main semi-cylinders 101 , and the plurality of transverse vacuum guide grooves 106 are arranged in order from top to bottom. They are arranged at intervals, and the vertical vacuum guide grooves 107 communicate with each of the horizontal vacuum guide grooves 106 respectively.

Assuming that the two split main semi-cylinders 101 are the first split main semi-cylinder and the second split main semi-cylinder, respectively, the transverse vacuum guide grooves 106 on the first split main semi-cylinder are respectively separated from the second split main semi-cylinder. The transverse vacuum guide grooves 106 on the main semi-cylinder are connected in one-to-one correspondence. That is, after the two split main semi-cylinders 101 are fastened and installed, each of the transverse vacuum guide grooves 106 and each of the longitudinal vacuum guide grooves 107 can communicate with each other, thereby facilitating subsequent vacuuming operations.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the split main cylinder 1 is further provided with a vacuum suction hole 108, wherein the vacuum suction hole 108 can be arranged on the first split main half cylinder or the second split main half cylinder. The vacuum suction hole 108 penetrates the side wall of the split main cylinder 1, and the vacuum suction hole 108 passes through one of the longitudinal vacuum guide grooves 107, so that the vacuum suction hole 108 is communicated with the vertical vacuum guide groove 107, so that the vacuum suction hole 108 can be It communicates with each lateral vacuum guide groove 106 and another longitudinal vacuum guide groove 107 .

Specifically, the vacuum evacuation hole 108 is disposed at the middle height position of the split main semi-cylinder 101 to facilitate subsequent vacuum evacuation operations.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention also provides a sample preparation method for a geotechnical triaxial test. The method adopts the sample preparation device for a geotechnical triaxial test of the above-mentioned embodiment. Follow the steps below:

Place the filter paper on the base of the pressure chamber, cover the rubber membrane on the base of the pressure chamber, wherein the rubber membrane is a cylindrical structure with open ends, and then use a rubber band to fasten the bottom end of the rubber membrane to the base of the pressure chamber.

The two split main semi-cylinders 101 are fastened to each other and installed on the base of the pressure chamber, so that the split main cylinder 1 formed by the two split main semi-cylinders 101 is located outside the rubber film.

The two split auxiliary semi-cylinders 201 are buckled with each other and snapped to the upper end of the split main cylinder 1, so that the split auxiliary cylinder 2 formed by the two split auxiliary semi-cylinders 201 is located on the outside of the rubber film, and then The upper end of the rubber film is everted and arranged on the outer side of the upper end of the split auxiliary cylinder 2 .

The vacuum pump is connected to the vacuum suction hole 108 through a connecting pipe, and the vacuum pump is turned on for vacuuming, so that the rubber film is tightly attached to the inner side wall of the split main cylinder 1 .

The total mass of the required soil samples was calculated according to the relative compactness of the experimental control, and the soil samples were divided into several equal parts. Put each soil sample into the inside of the rubber membrane in turn according to the requirements. After the first soil sample is loaded into the inside of the rubber membrane, the soil sample is compacted by the vibrating method. When the soil sample reaches the predetermined height, the first soil sample is leveled. The upper surface of the soil sample is then filled in the remaining soil samples in the same manner. When all soil samples are filled to form a sample, the top of the sample is then leveled. Place the filter paper, the permeable plate and the sample cap on the top of the sample in sequence, and then fold the upper end of the rubber membrane upwards so that the upper end of the rubber membrane is sleeved on the outside of the sample cap, and the rubber membrane is attached to the sample through a rubber band. The cap is fastened tightly.

Connect the vacuum pump to the through hole of the sample cap, turn on the vacuum pump to evacuate, and make the sample stand upright under negative pressure.

Remove the split secondary cylinder 2 and the split main cylinder 1 in turn, and then a sample preparation is completed.

According to the above steps, the split secondary cylinders 2 of different heights can be snapped and docked on the split main cylinder 1, so as to prepare and obtain samples of different heights, so as to meet the preparation requirements of a variety of large triaxial samples of different sizes, thereby ensuring Accuracy of test data.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", " Rear, Left, Right, Vertical, Horizontal, Top, Bottom, Inner, Outer, Clockwise, Counterclockwise, Axial, The orientations or positional relationships indicated by "radial direction", "circumferential direction", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying the indicated devices or elements. It must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature delimited with "first", "second" may expressly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically defined.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements, unless otherwise specified limit. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature may be in direct contact between the first and second features, or the first and second features indirectly through an intermediary touch. Also, the first feature being "above", "over" and "above" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "below", "below" and "below" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.

In the description of this specification, description with reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples", etc., mean specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structure, material or feature is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of the different embodiments or examples, without conflicting each other.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that it can still be The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments are modified, or some technical features thereof are equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a sample preparation device for geotechnical triaxial test, it is characterized in that: comprise split main cylinder and split secondary cylinder, and described split main cylinder comprises two split main semi-cylinders that are engaged with each other , the split auxiliary cylinder includes two split auxiliary semi-cylinders that are mutually buckled; each of the split main semi-cylinders includes a main cylinder bearing portion and a main cylinder main body arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and each of the two Each of the open and auxiliary semi-cylinders includes an auxiliary cylinder main body and an auxiliary cylinder bearing part arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and the auxiliary cylinder bearing part can be engaged with the main cylinder bearing part. 2 . The sample preparation device for geotechnical triaxial test according to claim 1 , wherein the inner diameter of the main cylinder bearing part is equal to the inner diameter of the main cylinder main body, and the main cylinder bearing part is equal to the inner diameter of the main cylinder body. 3 . The outer diameter of the auxiliary cylinder is smaller than the outer diameter of the main cylinder body; the inner diameter of the auxiliary cylinder bearing part is smaller than the inner diameter of the auxiliary cylinder main body, and the outer diameter of the auxiliary cylinder bearing part is equal to the outer diameter of the auxiliary cylinder main body; The inner diameter of the sub-cylinder body is equal to the inner diameter of the main cylinder body. 3 . The sample preparation device for geotechnical triaxial test according to claim 1 , wherein the left and right ends of the main cylinder body are correspondingly provided with a first main cylinder extension plate and a first main cylinder extension plate extending outward. 4 . Two main barrel extension plates, the two first main barrel extension plates are attached to each other, and the two first main barrel extension plates are connected by a plurality of first connectors; the two second main barrel extension plates The plates are attached to each other, and the two second main barrel extension plates are connected by a plurality of second connecting pieces. 4 . The sample preparation device for geotechnical triaxial test according to claim 3 , characterized in that: the first main cylinder extension plate is provided with a plurality of first connecting pieces matched with the first connecting piece. 5 . A main cylinder positioning hole, a plurality of the first main cylinder positioning holes are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, and each of the first connecting pieces respectively passes through the corresponding two first main cylinder positioning holes; the first main cylinder positioning holes The extension plates of the two main cylinders are provided with a plurality of second main cylinder positioning holes matched with the second connecting pieces. The connecting pieces respectively pass through the two corresponding positioning holes of the second main cylinder. 5 . The sample preparation device for geotechnical triaxial test according to claim 1 , wherein the left and right ends of the main body of the auxiliary cylinder are correspondingly provided with a first auxiliary cylinder extension plate and a second auxiliary cylinder extending outward. 6 . The two extension plates of the second sub-cylinder are attached to each other, and the two extension plates of the first sub-cylinder are connected by a third connecting piece; the two extension plates of the second sub-cylinder are mutually The two second sub-tube extension plates are connected by a fourth connecting piece. 6 . The sample preparation device for geotechnical triaxial test according to claim 5 , characterized in that: the first sub-cylinder extension plate is provided with a plurality of first sub-tube extension plates matched with the third connecting piece. 7 . A pair of secondary cylinder positioning holes, a plurality of the first secondary cylinder positioning holes are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, and each of the third connecting pieces respectively passes through the corresponding two first secondary cylinder positioning holes; the first secondary cylinder positioning holes The extension plate of the secondary cylinder is provided with a plurality of positioning holes for the second secondary cylinder which are matched with the fourth connecting piece. The connecting pieces respectively pass through the two corresponding positioning holes of the second secondary cylinder. 7 . The sample preparation device for geotechnical triaxial test according to claim 1 , wherein the two split main semi-cylinders are respectively the first split main semi-cylinder and the second split main half cylinder. 8 . A semi-cylinder, the inner side wall of the first split main semi-cylinder is respectively provided with a plurality of first transverse vacuum guide grooves and a first longitudinal vacuum guide groove, and the plurality of first transverse vacuum guide grooves are from top to bottom. They are arranged at intervals, and the first longitudinal vacuum guide grooves are respectively communicated with each of the first transverse vacuum guide grooves; a plurality of second transverse vacuum guide grooves are respectively provided on the inner side walls of the second half-split main semi-cylinder and a second vertical vacuum guide groove, a plurality of the second horizontal vacuum guide grooves are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, and the second vertical vacuum guide grooves are respectively communicated with each of the second horizontal vacuum guide grooves; The second longitudinal vacuum guide grooves are respectively connected with each of the first transverse vacuum guide grooves in a one-to-one correspondence. 8 . The sample preparation device for geotechnical triaxial test according to claim 7 , wherein: the first split main semi-cylinder is provided with a first vacuum suction hole, and the first vacuum suction hole is provided on the first half cylinder. The air hole penetrates the side wall of the first half-split main semi-cylinder, and the first vacuum air hole is communicated with the first longitudinal vacuum guide groove; Or, the second split main semi-cylinder is provided with a second vacuum suction hole, the second vacuum suction hole penetrates the side wall of the second split main semi-cylinder, and the second vacuum suction hole and The second longitudinal vacuum guide grooves communicate with each other. 9 . The sample preparation device for geotechnical triaxial test according to claim 8 , wherein the first vacuum suction hole is arranged at the middle height position of the first split main semi-cylinder; 9 . Or, the second vacuum suction hole is arranged at the middle height position of the second half-split main semi-cylinder. 10. A sample preparation method for a geotechnical triaxial test, characterized in that: adopting the sample preparation device for a geotechnical triaxial test as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising: Place filter paper on the base of the pressure chamber, cover the rubber membrane on the base of the pressure chamber, and use a rubber band to fasten and fix the bottom end of the rubber membrane and the base of the pressure chamber; Fasten the two split main and half cylinders to each other and install them on the base of the pressure chamber, so that the split main cylinder formed by the two split main half cylinders is located on the outside of the rubber film; The split auxiliary semi-cylinders are buckled with each other and are snap-butted on the upper end of the split main cylinder, so that the split auxiliary cylinder formed by the two split auxiliary semi-cylinders is located on the outside of the rubber film; The upper end of the rubber film is everted and arranged on the outer side of the upper end of the split auxiliary cylinder; Connect the vacuum pump with the first vacuum suction hole or the second vacuum suction hole on the split main cylinder through a connecting pipe, turn on the vacuum pump to evacuate, so that the rubber film is connected to the inner side wall of the split main cylinder. close fit; Calculate the total mass of the required soil sample according to the relative compactness of the test control, and divide the soil sample into several equal parts; each part of the soil sample is sequentially loaded into the interior of the rubber film according to the requirements to form a sample, and then the soil sample is divided into several parts. Flatten the top of the sample; place filter paper, permeable plate and sample cap on the top of the sample in sequence, and then fold the upper end of the rubber film upwards so that the upper end of the rubber film is sleeved on the On the outside of the sample cap, the rubber film and the sample cap are fastened and fixed by a rubber band; Connect the vacuum pump to the through hole of the sample cap, turn on the vacuum pump to evacuate, and make the sample stand upright under negative pressure; Remove the split secondary cylinder and the split main cylinder in sequence.

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