CN111877386A - A kind of wedge-shaped composite pile and its construction method - Google Patents
A kind of wedge-shaped composite pile and its construction method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种楔形复合桩及其施工方法，该桩由楔形水泥土搅拌桩和楔形钢筋混凝土预制桩组成，其施工操作包括以下步骤：a.平整场地、双向搅拌桩机定位；b.依次进行入土、切土、喷料、搅拌和压料，进行等截面水泥土搅拌桩施工；c.提升钻杆，双向旋转叶片搅拌水泥土至地表或设计标高以上50cm；重复步骤b、c，完成等截面搅拌桩施工；d.根据楔形水泥土搅拌桩设计要求，连续变化搅拌叶片长度，重复b、c步骤；e.完成楔形水泥土搅拌桩的施工；f.在已施作的楔形搅拌桩尚未硬凝时，进行对中并采用振动沉管法施打楔形钢筋混凝土预制桩。本发明同时具备提高单桩承载力、降低负摩阻力对桩基的影响以及良好经济性的优势，具有广泛的应用前景。
The invention discloses a wedge-shaped composite pile and a construction method thereof. The pile is composed of a wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile and a wedge-shaped reinforced concrete prefabricated pile. Carry out soil entry, soil cutting, spraying, stirring and pressing in sequence, and carry out the construction of cement-soil mixing piles of equal cross-section; c. Lift the drill pipe, and mix the cement-soil to the surface or 50cm above the design elevation with two-way rotating blades; repeat steps b, c, Complete the construction of the equal-section mixing pile; d. According to the design requirements of the wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile, continuously change the length of the mixing blade, and repeat steps b and c; e. Complete the construction of the wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile; f. When the pile has not yet hardened, the centering is carried out and the wedge-shaped reinforced concrete precast pile is cast by the vibration immersion method. The invention also has the advantages of improving the bearing capacity of a single pile, reducing the influence of negative frictional resistance on the pile foundation and good economy, and has wide application prospects.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及建筑桩基础技术领域，尤其涉及一种楔形复合桩及其施工。The invention relates to the technical field of building pile foundations, in particular to a wedge-shaped composite pile and its construction.
背景技术Background technique
在我国沿江沿海等地区广泛的分布着深厚软弱土，给工程建设带来了极大的挑战。Deep and weak soils are widely distributed along the rivers and coastal areas of our country, which brings great challenges to engineering construction.
常见的桩基础包括钢筋混凝土预制桩、钻孔灌注桩、扩底桩以及各类复合桩等。桩基础技术的不断发展有效地缓解了这一工程难题所带来的不利影响。但由于地面堆载、地下水位下降和湿陷性黄土遇水等外在因素导致土体沉降大于桩体沉降时，桩体受到负摩阻力的影响产生下拽荷载，可能将造成桩端地基和桩身的屈服和破坏以及上部建筑物发生不均匀沉降等众多问题。如何有效地降低负摩阻力对桩体的影响成为桩基础设计和施工中需要考虑的重点问题。目前，工程中常用的解决方法主要包括涂层法、套管法、换土置换法以及隔离桩法等，虽然在一定程度上能够减小负摩阻力对桩基承载力和附加沉降的影响，但处理深度和效果有限。而楔形桩法不同于等截面桩，具有特殊的楔形界面，在竖向荷载作用下桩侧土体不仅能够提供侧摩阻力，还会受到由于楔形界面造成土体斜向挤压而形成的竖向分力，进而提高单桩的侧摩阻力。楔形桩作为刚性桩具备一定的承载力，虽然相比于传统的等截面桩解决了单位材料强度利用率低的问题，但对于深厚软弱土地基，仍然存在承载力不足的问题，需要提高桩径和桩长而导致工程造价提高。Common pile foundations include reinforced concrete precast piles, bored piles, expanded bottom piles, and various composite piles. The continuous development of pile foundation technology has effectively alleviated the adverse effects of this engineering problem. However, when the soil settlement is greater than the pile settlement due to external factors such as ground stacking, groundwater level drop, and collapsible loess encountering water, the pile body is affected by the negative frictional resistance and generates a downward drag load, which may cause foundation damage to the pile end. The yield and failure of the pile body and the uneven settlement of the upper structure are many problems. How to effectively reduce the impact of negative friction on the pile body has become a key issue to be considered in the design and construction of pile foundations. At present, the commonly used solutions in engineering mainly include coating method, casing method, soil replacement method and isolation pile method. But processing depth and effects are limited. The wedge-shaped pile method is different from the constant-section pile, and has a special wedge-shaped interface. Under the vertical load, the soil on the side of the pile can not only provide lateral frictional resistance, but also suffer from the vertical pressure formed by the oblique extrusion of the soil caused by the wedge-shaped interface. to increase the lateral friction resistance of the monopile. As a rigid pile, wedge-shaped pile has a certain bearing capacity. Although it solves the problem of low utilization rate of unit material strength compared with traditional equal-section piles, it still has the problem of insufficient bearing capacity for deep and soft soil foundations, and it is necessary to increase the pile diameter. And the length of the pile leads to an increase in the cost of the project.
近年来劲性复合桩作为新型复合桩得到快速发展和广泛应用，该桩将水泥土搅拌桩（柔性桩）与钢筋混凝土预制桩（刚性桩）进行有机结合，规避了刚性桩材料强度浪费和柔性桩桩身截面强度低的缺点，同时发挥预制桩高承载力和大直径搅拌桩有效提供侧摩阻力的优势，具有刚柔并济的效果，能够显著地降低工程成本。In recent years, the rigid composite pile has been rapidly developed and widely used as a new type of composite pile. The pile organically combines the cement-soil mixing pile (flexible pile) with the reinforced concrete prefabricated pile (rigid pile), which avoids the waste of rigid pile material strength and flexible piles. The disadvantage of low cross-sectional strength of the pile body, while taking advantage of the high bearing capacity of prefabricated piles and the advantages of large-diameter stirring piles effectively providing lateral friction resistance, has the effect of combining rigidity and flexibility, which can significantly reduce engineering costs.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明为解决有效地降低负摩阻力对桩基承载性能影响的问题，将楔形桩和劲性复合桩的设计理念进行有机结合，兼纳楔形桩和劲性复合桩二者的双重优势，提出一种楔形复合桩及其施工方法。In order to solve the problem of effectively reducing the influence of negative frictional resistance on the bearing performance of the pile foundation, the invention organically combines the design concepts of the wedge-shaped pile and the stiff composite pile, and accommodates the dual advantages of the wedge-shaped pile and the stiff composite pile. A wedge-shaped composite pile and its construction method.
一种楔形复合桩，由楔形水泥土搅拌桩和楔形钢筋混凝土预制桩组成，且楔形钢筋混凝土预制桩位于楔形水泥土搅拌桩中。A wedge-shaped composite pile is composed of a wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile and a wedge-shaped reinforced concrete prefabricated pile, and the wedge-shaped reinforced concrete prefabricated pile is located in the wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile.
本发明进一步改进在于：所述楔形水泥土搅拌桩呈现倒锥形，上部桩径大下部小，以一定的楔形角均匀变化，由水泥土材料成桩。The invention is further improved in that: the wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile presents an inverted cone shape, the diameter of the upper pile is larger and the lower part is smaller, and the piles are made of cement-soil materials with uniform changes at a certain wedge-shaped angle.
本发明进一步改进在于：所述楔形钢筋混凝土预制桩上部桩径大且下部小，以一定的楔形角均匀变化，在工厂预制完成加工。A further improvement of the present invention is that the upper part of the wedge-shaped reinforced concrete prefabricated pile has a large diameter and a small lower part, and changes uniformly with a certain wedge angle, and is prefabricated and processed in a factory.
一种楔形复合桩的施工方法，该处理方法包括下列步骤：A construction method of a wedge-shaped composite pile, the processing method comprising the following steps:
a. 整平场地、双向搅拌桩机定位：采用设计要求对楔形水泥土搅拌桩进行布桩；起重机悬吊双向搅拌桩机桩位完成对中；a. Leveling the site and positioning of the two-way mixing pile driver: The wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile is arranged according to the design requirements; the pile position of the two-way mixing pile driver suspended by the crane is completed;
b. 等截面水泥土搅拌桩施工：启动双向搅拌桩机，钻杆在压力作用下沿导向架向下钻进，搅拌叶片依次进行切土和入土，当钻杆钻头的最下层、中间以及最上层旋转叶片分别入土后依次进行喷料、搅拌和压料；此后持续下沉并进行搅拌，直至水泥土搅拌桩设计深度；b. Construction of cement-soil mixing piles of equal cross-section: start the two-way mixing pile driver, the drill pipe will drill down along the guide frame under the action of pressure, and the mixing blades will cut soil and enter the soil in sequence. After the upper rotating blades are respectively buried in the soil, material spraying, stirring and pressing are carried out in sequence; after that, they continue to sink and stir until the design depth of the cement-soil mixing pile;
c. 提升钻杆、搅拌：提升钻杆，正反向旋转搅拌叶片继续搅拌水泥土至地表或设计标高以上50cm；重复步骤b、c，完成等截面水泥土搅拌桩；c. Lift the drill pipe and stir: Lift the drill pipe, rotate the mixing blades forward and reverse to continue stirring the cement and soil to the surface or 50cm above the design elevation; repeat steps b and c to complete the cement-soil mixing pile of equal section;
d. 楔形水泥土搅拌桩的施工：将搅拌叶片停留在地表，关闭喷浆装置，开启搅拌叶片伸缩开关，根据楔形搅拌桩上下桩径和设计的楔形角，计算搅拌叶片的伸长变化速率，连续变化搅拌叶片长度，重复b、c步骤，进行楔形水泥土搅拌桩的施工；d. Construction of the wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile: keep the mixing blade on the surface, turn off the spraying device, turn on the expansion switch of the mixing blade, and calculate the elongation change rate of the mixing blade according to the upper and lower pile diameters of the wedge-shaped mixing pile and the designed wedge angle, Continuously change the length of the stirring blade, and repeat steps b and c to construct the wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile;
e. 完成楔形水泥土搅拌桩 施工；e. Complete the construction of the wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile;
f. 楔形钢筋混凝土预制桩压桩施工：按照实际工程要求，加工一定楔形角、桩长、上下桩径的楔形钢筋混凝土预制桩；在已施作的楔形水泥土搅拌桩尚未硬凝时，进行对中并启动振动沉管压桩装置施打楔形钢筋混凝土预制桩至设计深度。f. Construction of wedge-shaped reinforced concrete precast piles: according to actual engineering requirements, wedge-shaped reinforced concrete precast piles with a certain wedge angle, pile length, and upper and lower pile diameters are processed; Center and start the vibrating immersed tube pile pressing device to drive the wedge-shaped reinforced concrete precast piles to the design depth.
g. 完成楔形复合桩施工。g. Completion of wedge-shaped composite pile construction.
本发明进一步改进在于：所述搅拌叶片为可伸缩搅拌叶片。A further improvement of the present invention is that: the stirring blade is a retractable stirring blade.
本发明的有益效果：（1）根据不同的地层选用不同芯径比（内芯直径与外芯直径之比）、桩长和楔形角等成桩参数，能够有效提高桩体的承载力，降低负摩阻力对桩基性能的影响；The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: (1) According to different strata, different core diameter ratio (ratio of inner core diameter to outer core diameter), pile length and wedge angle and other pile forming parameters can be selected, which can effectively improve the bearing capacity of the pile body and reduce the The influence of negative friction resistance on pile foundation performance;
（2）楔形复合桩相比于传统楔形桩，能够提高桩间距，降低工程造价。(2) Compared with the traditional wedge-shaped pile, the wedge-shaped composite pile can increase the pile spacing and reduce the engineering cost.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1、为楔形复合桩施工工艺流程图；Fig. 1 is the construction process flow chart of the wedge-shaped composite pile;
图2、为楔形复合桩示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a wedge-shaped composite pile.
附图标记列表：List of reference numbers:
其中：1-双向搅拌桩机；2-钻杆；3-搅拌叶片；4-等截面水泥土搅拌桩；5-楔形搅拌桩；6-振动沉管压桩装置；7-楔形钢筋混凝土预制桩；8-楔形复合桩。Among them: 1- two-way mixing pile driver; 2- drill pipe; 3- mixing blade; 4- equal-section cement-soil mixing pile; 5- wedge-shaped mixing pile; ; 8-wedge composite pile.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施方式，进一步阐明本发明，应理解下述具体实施方式仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。需要说明的是，下面描述中使用的词语“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“上”和“下”指的是附图中的方向，词语“内”和“外”分别指的是朝向或远离特定部件几何中心的方向。The present invention will be further clarified below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to the directions in the drawings, and the words "inner" and "outer" ” refer to directions towards or away from the geometric center of a particular part, respectively.
实施例1：Example 1:
一种楔形复合桩及其施工方法，如图1所示，包括下列步骤：A wedge-shaped composite pile and its construction method, as shown in Figure 1, include the following steps:
a. 整平场地、双向搅拌桩机1定位：采用设计要求对楔形水泥土搅拌桩进行布桩；起重机悬吊双向搅拌桩机桩位完成对中；a. Leveling the site and positioning of the two-way mixing pile driver 1: The wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile is arranged according to the design requirements; the pile position of the two-way mixing pile driver suspended by the crane is completed;
b. 等截面水泥土搅拌桩施工：启动双向搅拌桩机1，将搅拌叶片3伸长为800mm（楔形水泥土搅拌桩下部常用直径为800~1200mm，此实施例选用800mm桩径），钻杆在压力作用下沿导向架向下钻进，搅拌叶片依次进行切土和入土，当钻杆钻头的最下层、中间以及最上层旋转叶片分别入土后依次进行喷料、搅拌和压料；此后持续下沉并进行搅拌，直至水泥土搅拌桩设计深度；b. Construction of equal-section cement-soil mixing pile: start the two-way mixing pile driver 1, extend the
c. 提升钻杆、搅拌：提升钻杆2，正反向旋转叶片3继续搅拌水泥土至地表或设计标高以上50cm；重复步骤b、c，完成等截面水泥土搅拌桩；c. Lifting the drill pipe and stirring: Lift the drill pipe 2, and the forward and reverse rotating
d. 楔形水泥土搅拌桩的施工：将搅拌叶片3停留在地表，关闭喷浆装置，开启搅拌叶片伸缩开关，将搅拌叶片3伸长至1200mm（楔形水泥土搅拌桩上部常用直径为1200~1600mm，此实施例选用1200mm桩径），根据楔形搅拌桩上下桩径和设计的楔形角，计算搅拌叶片3的伸长变化速率，连续变化搅拌叶片长度，重复b、c步骤，进行楔形水泥土搅拌桩5的施工；d. Construction of the wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile: keep the
e. 完成楔形水泥土搅拌桩5施工；e. Complete the construction of wedge-shaped cement-
f. 楔形钢筋混凝土预制桩7压桩施工：在已施作的楔形水泥土搅拌桩尚未硬凝时，进行对中并启动振动沉管压桩装置施打楔形钢筋混凝土预制桩至设计深度（楔形预制桩可选用管桩，上下桩径常用为300~1000mm，此实施例选用上下桩径分别为800mm和400mm）。f. Construction of wedge-shaped reinforced concrete precast piles 7: When the wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile has not been hardened, center and start the vibrating immersed pipe pile driving device to apply the wedge-shaped reinforced concrete precast piles to the design depth (wedge-shaped reinforced concrete piles) Prefabricated piles can be selected from pipe piles, and the upper and lower pile diameters are usually 300 to 1000 mm. In this embodiment, the upper and lower pile diameters are 800 mm and 400 mm respectively).
实施例2：Example 2:
一种楔形复合桩及其施工方法，如图1所示，包括下列步骤：A wedge-shaped composite pile and its construction method, as shown in Figure 1, include the following steps:
a. 整平场地、双向搅拌桩机定位：采用设计要求对楔形水泥土搅拌桩进行布桩；起重机悬吊双向搅拌桩机桩位完成对中；a. Leveling the site and positioning of the two-way mixing pile driver: The wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile is arranged according to the design requirements; the pile position of the two-way mixing pile driver suspended by the crane is completed;
b. 等截面水泥土搅拌桩施工：启动双向搅拌桩机1，将搅拌叶片3伸长为800mm（楔形水泥土搅拌桩下部常用直径为800~1200mm，此实施例选用800mm桩径），钻杆在压力作用下沿导向架向下钻进，搅拌叶片依次进行切土和入土，当钻杆钻头的最下层、中间以及最上层旋转叶片分别入土后依次进行喷料、搅拌和压料；此后持续下沉并进行搅拌，直至水泥土搅拌桩设计深度；b. Construction of equal-section cement-soil mixing pile: start the two-way mixing pile driver 1, extend the
c. 提升钻杆、搅拌：提升钻杆2，正反向旋转叶片继续搅拌水泥土至地表或设计标高以上50cm；重复步骤b、c，完成等截面水泥土搅拌桩；c. Lift the drill pipe and stir: Lift the drill pipe 2, and the forward and reverse rotating blades continue to stir the cement and soil to the surface or 50cm above the design elevation; repeat steps b and c to complete the cement-soil mixing pile of equal section;
d. 楔形水泥土搅拌桩的施工：将搅拌叶片3停留在地表，关闭喷浆装置，开启搅拌叶片伸缩开关，将搅拌叶片伸长至1400mm（楔形水泥土搅拌桩上部常用直径为1200~1600mm，此实施例选用1400mm桩径），根据楔形搅拌桩上下桩径和设计的楔形角，计算搅拌叶片的伸长变化速率，连续变化搅拌叶片长度，重复b、c步骤，进行楔形水泥土搅拌桩的施工；d. Construction of the wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile: keep the
e. 完成楔形水泥土搅拌桩5施工；e. Complete the construction of wedge-shaped cement-
f. 楔形钢筋混凝土预制桩7压桩施工：在已施作的楔形水泥土搅拌桩尚未硬凝时，进行对中并启动振动沉管压桩装置施打楔形钢筋混凝土预制桩至设计深度（楔形预制桩可选用管桩，上下桩径常用为300~1000mm，此实施例选用上下桩径分别为900mm和400mm）。f. Construction of wedge-shaped reinforced concrete precast piles 7: When the wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile has not been hardened, center and start the vibrating immersed pipe pile driving device to apply the wedge-shaped reinforced concrete precast piles to the design depth (wedge-shaped reinforced concrete piles) Prefabricated piles can be selected from pipe piles, and the upper and lower pile diameters are usually 300 to 1000 mm. In this embodiment, the upper and lower pile diameters are 900 mm and 400 mm respectively).
实施例3：Example 3:
一种楔形复合桩及其施工方法，如图1所示，包括下列步骤：A wedge-shaped composite pile and its construction method, as shown in Figure 1, include the following steps:
a. 整平场地、双向搅拌桩机定位：采用设计要求对楔形水泥土搅拌桩进行布桩；起重机悬吊双向搅拌桩机桩位完成对中；a. Leveling the site and positioning of the two-way mixing pile driver: The wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile is arranged according to the design requirements; the pile position of the two-way mixing pile driver suspended by the crane is completed;
b. 等截面水泥土搅拌桩施工：启动双向搅拌桩机，将搅拌叶片伸长为800mm（楔形水泥土搅拌桩下部常用直径为800~1200mm，此实施例选用800mm桩径），钻杆在压力作用下沿导向架向下钻进，搅拌叶片依次进行切土和入土，当钻杆钻头的最下层、中间以及最上层旋转叶片分别入土后依次进行喷料、搅拌和压料；此后持续下沉并进行搅拌，直至水泥土搅拌桩设计深度；b. Construction of equal-section cement-soil mixing pile: start the two-way mixing pile driver, and extend the mixing blade to 800mm (the common diameter of the lower part of the wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile is 800~1200mm, and the pile diameter of 800mm is selected in this example). Under the action of drilling down along the guide frame, the stirring blade will cut the soil and enter the soil in sequence. When the bottom, middle and top rotating blades of the drill pipe bit are respectively inserted into the soil, the material spraying, stirring and pressing will be carried out in sequence; after that, it will continue to sink. And carry out stirring until the design depth of the cement-soil mixing pile;
c. 提升钻杆、搅拌：提升钻杆，正反向旋转叶片继续搅拌水泥土至地表或设计标高以上50cm；重复步骤b、c，完成等截面水泥土搅拌桩；c. Lifting the drill pipe and stirring: lifting the drill pipe, the forward and reverse rotating blades continue to stir the cement and soil to the surface or 50cm above the design elevation; repeat steps b and c to complete the cement-soil mixing pile of equal section;
d. 楔形水泥土搅拌桩的施工：将搅拌叶片停留在地表，关闭喷浆装置，开启搅拌叶片伸缩开关，将搅拌叶片伸长至1600mm（楔形水泥土搅拌桩上部常用直径为1200~1600mm，此实施例选用1600mm桩径），根据楔形搅拌桩上下桩径和设计的楔形角，计算搅拌叶片的伸长变化速率，连续变化搅拌叶片长度，重复b、c步骤，进行楔形水泥土搅拌桩的施工；d. Construction of wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile: keep the mixing blade on the ground, turn off the spraying device, turn on the mixing blade telescopic switch, and extend the mixing blade to 1600mm (the common diameter of the upper part of the wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile is 1200~1600mm, this 1600mm pile diameter is selected in the example), according to the upper and lower pile diameters of the wedge-shaped stirring pile and the designed wedge angle, the elongation change rate of the stirring blade is calculated, the length of the stirring blade is continuously changed, and steps b and c are repeated to carry out the construction of the wedge-shaped cement-soil stirring pile ;
e. 完成楔形水泥土搅拌桩5施工；e. Complete the construction of wedge-shaped cement-
f. 楔形钢筋混凝土预制桩7压桩施工：在已施作的楔形水泥土搅拌桩尚未硬凝时，进行对中并启动振动沉管压桩装置施打楔形钢筋混凝土预制桩至设计深度（楔形预制桩可选用管桩，上下桩径常用为300~1000mm，此实施例选用上下桩径分别为1000mm和500mm）。f. Construction of wedge-shaped reinforced concrete precast piles 7: When the wedge-shaped cement-soil mixing pile has not been hardened, center and start the vibrating immersed pipe pile driving device to apply the wedge-shaped reinforced concrete precast piles to the design depth (wedge-shaped reinforced concrete piles) Prefabricated piles can be selected from pipe piles, and the upper and lower pile diameters are usually 300 to 1000 mm. In this embodiment, the upper and lower pile diameters are 1000 mm and 500 mm respectively).
本发明方案所公开的技术手段不仅限于上述实施方式所公开的技术手段，还包括由以上技术特征任意组合所组成的技术方案。The technical means disclosed in the solution of the present invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features.
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| CN113982022A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-01-28 | 兰州理工大学 | Construction method for eliminating collapsibility of cement stirring insertion pile in collapsible loess area |
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