CN111876315A - Blood collection aid and blood collection device and method for reducing blood culture contamination rate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of blood culture, in particular to a blood sampling assistor, a blood sampling device and a method for reducing the pollution rate of blood culture. The blood sampling assistor comprises a pipe body 1, a first interface 2 and a second interface 3; the pipe body 1 is provided with an isolation cavity 4. The blood sampling assistor and the blood sampling device can realize the isolation of blood at the front section of venous blood sampling, so that trace skin planting bacteria are isolated in the cavity, and the blood culture pollution rate can be reduced.

Description

Blood collection aid and blood collection device and method for reducing blood culture contamination rate

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of blood culture, in particular to a blood collection aid, a blood collection device and a method for reducing the contamination rate of blood culture.

Background technique

In hospital clinical and medical research experiments, automated blood culture is a microbiological examination method used to check the presence or absence of bacteria in blood samples. The presence of bacterial growth in order to confirm the diagnosis plays a very important role, so blood culture is one of the most important and common bacterial tests. At present, the clinical instruments used for blood culture and the supporting blood culture bottles are mainly imported, such as the Bactct 9000 series from BD Company in the United States and the Bact/Alert3D from Mérieux in France. They usually use the detection coating and the silicone rubber at the bottom of the culture bottle. The sensor, according to the bottom photoreceptor fluorescence or color sensing method, observes the change of _CO2 produced during bacterial growth to judge whether there is bacterial growth, which has been clinically recognized.

Blood cultures should be collected according to standard procedures with strict aseptic practices. However, due to the presence of colonized bacteria on the patient's skin, it will cause contamination of the blood culture. That is, bacteria grown in blood cultures were brought into the culture during sample collection or manipulation, not from patient blood.

At present, most blood cultures are obtained by venipuncture. The venipuncture site should be sterilized to minimize contamination by skin-colonizing bacteria. Over the past 50 years, many methods of disinfection have been used clinically, including rubbing alcohol (70% isopropyl), iodine, povidone-iodine, iodine-fluoride, chlorine dioxide, and chlorhexidine gluconate. A number of studies have published comparisons of these disinfectants, and here is the conclusion that iodine, chlorine dioxide, and chlorhexidine gluconate are better than povidone-iodine. Iodine and chlorhexidine gluconate are likely to be equally effective.

The current main method of skin disinfection is the three-step disinfection method. ①70% alcohol wipe the venipuncture point. to dry. ②1%-2% iodine tincture for 30 seconds or 10% latent disinfection for 1.5-2 minutes. to dry. ③ 70% alcohol deiodination. After skin disinfection, the number of colonized bacteria is greatly reduced, but there may still be a problem of incomplete disinfection, resulting in a small amount of colonized bacteria entering the culture bottle, causing pollution problems. Under the current detection technology, the laboratory's acceptable range for contamination is ≤3%, but the positive rate of blood culture tests is only about 10%, which means that contamination has a great influence on blood culture test results.

The link that has a greater impact on the blood culture contamination rate is the collection process of blood culture samples. First of all, disinfection technology has been practiced in many ways, and reliable control measures have been established. The other is the venipuncture process. For blood culture venipuncture, there are generally two collection methods. One is to use a syringe to directly puncture the sterilized skin, and then transfer it to a culture bottle; the other is that the current commercial blood culture bottles are under negative pressure, and the venous butterfly blood collection needle can be directly used for puncture collection, so that the Blood samples are taken directly into culture flasks. Neither of these two measures has the function of isolating trace amounts of skin-colonizing bacteria, resulting in contamination of blood cultures.

Therefore, the current blood culture collection method has the following shortcomings: high pollution rate, inaccurate blood culture detection results, high difficulty in eliminating pollution, and waste of medical resources.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the present invention provides blood collection aids and blood collection devices and methods for reducing blood culture contamination rates. The blood collection aid and the blood collection device can realize the isolation of blood in the front section of venous blood collection, so that a small amount of skin colonization bacteria is isolated in the cavity, thereby reducing the blood culture contamination rate.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

The present invention provides a blood sampling aid, comprising a tube body 1 , a first interface 2 and a second interface 3 ; the tube body 1 is provided with an isolation cavity 4 .

The technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a blood culture sample collection method, which can be adapted to the mainstream culture bottles with vacuum negative pressure in the existing market. Due to blood flow, a small amount of skin colonized bacteria only exists in the front part of blood collection, and transferring the blood from the front end of the isolation is helpful to reduce pollution. Through this method, about 0.01 to 10 mL of blood in the front part of venous blood collection can be isolated in the isolation cavity, and at the same time, a small amount of skin-colonizing bacteria can be isolated in this cavity, so that they do not enter the culture bottle, thereby reducing the contamination rate of blood culture and improving blood culture. detection accuracy.

Preferably, the volume of the isolation cavity is 0.01-10 mL.

Preferably, in a specific embodiment provided by the present invention, the pipe body 1 is sequentially provided with an isolation cavity 4, a first pipe 5, a second pipe 6 and a pushable piston 7;

The first pipeline 5 is communicated with the first interface 2 and the isolation cavity 4 respectively; the first interface 2 can be connected with the blood collection needle, so that the collected blood in the front section is placed in the isolation cavity;

After the pushable piston 7 moves toward the isolation cavity 4 , the second pipeline 6 is connected with the first port 2 and the second port 3 respectively, so that the collected blood flows into the container connectable with the second port 3 .

Preferably, the isolation chamber is in a negative pressure state.

Preferably, a bracket is provided between the pushable piston 7 and the outer wall of the first pipe 5 .

Preferably, a bracket is provided between the inner walls of the first pipe 5 .

In another specific embodiment provided by the present invention, the pipe body 1 is a U-shaped pipe body, one end of the pipe body 1 is respectively provided with a first interface 2 and a second interface 3, and the other end is in a closed state.

In the present invention, the inside of the blood sampling aid is in a sterile state.

The above-mentioned settings make the subsequent sample collection not affected after the isolation chamber isolates the blood in the front section.

The present invention also provides a blood collection device, comprising the above blood collection aid and a blood collection needle.

Preferably, the lancet is a butterfly-shaped lancet. Universal butterfly lancet is used for skin puncture, allowing peripheral venous blood to be collected through the puncture point.

Preferably, the blood collection aid and the blood collection needle are integrally or detachably connected.

Preferably, the blood collection device further includes a culture bottle.

Preferably, the blood collection device further includes a culture bottle piercing head, which can make the culture bottle pierce a small hole, and the collected blood sample is introduced into the culture bottle through the small hole.

The present invention also provides a method for reducing the contamination rate of blood culture, which uses the above blood collection aid for auxiliary blood collection, or uses the above blood collection device for blood collection, and then carries out blood culture on the collected blood.

The invention provides a blood sampling aid, a blood sampling device and a method for reducing the contamination rate of blood culture. The blood sampling aid includes a tube body 1 , a first interface 2 and a second interface 3 ; the tube body 1 is provided with an isolation cavity 4 . The beneficial effects that the present invention has are:

There is currently no means of definitively distinguishing between contamination and true positive blood culture results. Therefore, reducing the contamination rate of blood culture is of great significance for blood culture detection. The invention designs a blood collection method and a matching device. Through the introduction of an isolation cavity, the pollution problem caused by blood culture skin colonization bacteria is reduced, the detection accuracy of blood culture is improved, and false positives caused by blood culture pollution are reduced. The problem is a waste of medical resources and reduces the burden on inspectors. According to statistics, the false positive problem caused by each contamination resulted in an average increase of 3.4 US dollars per patient. Therefore, the invention is of great significance for improving the accuracy of blood culture results, for saving the lives of critically ill patients, and for reducing the economic burden of medical institutions.

Description of drawings

Figures 1 and 3 are front sectional views of the blood sampling aid of Example 1;

Figures 2 and 4 are top cross-sectional views of the blood sampling aid in Embodiment 1;

Fig. 5 is the front sectional view of embodiment 2 blood sampling aids;

Among them, 1-pipe body, 2-first interface, 3-second interface, 4-isolation cavity, 5-first pipeline, 6-second pipeline, 7-pushable piston.

Detailed ways

The invention discloses a blood collection aid, a blood collection device, and a method for reducing the contamination rate of blood culture. Those skilled in the art can learn from the content of this article and appropriately improve the process parameters to achieve. It should be particularly pointed out that all similar substitutions and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art, and they are deemed to be included in the present invention. The method and application of the present invention have been described through the preferred embodiments, and it is obvious that relevant persons can make changes or appropriate changes and combinations of the methods and applications described herein without departing from the content, spirit and scope of the present invention to achieve and Apply the technology of the present invention.

Terminology Explanation:

The blood culture system automatically and continuously monitors various changes in the culture bottle after inoculation by selecting the appropriate culture bottle, supplemented by the appropriate culture method and various modern detection technologies, so as to determine whether there is bacteria in the culture bottle. It plays a very important role in quickly detecting whether there is bacterial growth in the blood of patients to confirm the diagnosis, and it is the key to effective clinical treatment.

The materials used in the blood sampling aid, the blood sampling device and the method for reducing the blood culture contamination rate of the present invention can be purchased from the market.

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated:

Example 1: Piston-type isolation chamber

The structure of the piston-type isolation cavity that can be connected with the blood collection needle in this embodiment is as follows:

The blood sampling aid includes a tube body 1, a first interface 2, and a second interface 3; the tube body 1 is sequentially provided with an isolation cavity 4, a first pipeline 5, a second pipeline 6 and a pushable piston 7;

Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the first pipeline 5 is connected with the first interface 2 and the isolation cavity 4 respectively; the first interface 2 can be connected with the blood collection needle, so that the collected blood is placed in the isolation cavity;

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4 , after the piston 7 can be pushed to move toward the end of the isolation cavity 4 , the second pipeline 6 is connected with the first interface 2 and the second interface 3 respectively, so that the collected blood can flow into the second interface 3 . in the connected container.

The inside of the blood collection aid is sterile.

Preferably, the volume of the isolation cavity is 0.01-10 mL.

Preferably, the isolation chamber is in a negative pressure state.

Preferably, a bracket is provided between the pushable piston 7 and the outer wall of the first pipe 5 .

Preferably, a bracket is provided between the inner walls of the first pipe 5 .

The method of use is as follows:

1. Disinfect the patient's skin. The method of skin disinfection has been recommended in the CLSI document and the blood culture practice document.

2. Use the venous blood collection technique to perform venipuncture with a butterfly blood collection needle.

3. Assemble the isolation cavity with the blood collection needle and the culture bottle, the interface 1 is connected with the blood collection needle, and the interface 2 is connected with the culture bottle.

4. The blood sample first passes through the pipeline 1 and flows into the isolation chamber.

5. After collecting the required front-end blood, push the piston inward, and the sample continues to pass through the pipeline 2 and flow into the culture bottle.

Example 2: U-shaped tubular isolation cavity

The structure of the U-shaped tubular isolation cavity that can be connected to the blood collection needle in this embodiment is as follows:

The blood sampling aid includes a tube body 1, a first interface 2, and a second interface 3; the tube body 1 is provided with an isolation cavity 4; the tube body 1 is a U-shaped tube body, and one end of the tube body 1 is respectively provided with a first interface 2 and a second interface. Two ports 3, the other end is closed.

The inside of the blood collection aid is sterile.

Preferably, the volume of the isolation cavity is 0.01-10 mL.

Preferably, the isolation chamber is in a negative pressure state.

The specific structure is shown in Figure 5.

The method of use is as follows:

1. Disinfect the patient's skin. The method of skin disinfection has been recommended in the CLSI document and the blood culture practice document.

2. Use the venous blood collection technique to perform venipuncture with a butterfly blood collection needle.

3. Assemble the isolation cavity with the blood collection needle and the culture bottle, the interface 1 is connected with the blood collection needle, and the interface 2 is connected with the culture bottle.

4. The blood sample flows into the U isolation chamber.

5. After the initial inflow of blood fills the U-shaped isolation chamber, the sample continues to flow through the interface 2 into the culture bottle.

Test Example 1

Blood was collected from the same individual using the blood collection aids with isolation chambers and blood collection of Examples 1 and 2, and the blood samples were put into culture bottles. At the same time, the puncture collection was performed directly with a venous butterfly blood collection needle, so that the blood sample was directly entered into the culture bottle as a control. The skin disinfection methods are all three-step disinfection methods recommended above.

The blood culture method is as follows: the Bc120 automatic blood culture system is used to carry out blood culture detection with the blood culture bottle on the machine. When the system reports a positive vial, do a smear, Gram stain and transfer to blood agar, chocolate agar and MacConkey agar. The isolated colonies were used for identification and standard drug susceptibility tests, and the final blood culture report was made. The negative bottle is the contamination rate of blood samples reported by the system after routine culture for 5 days. The calculation formula is as follows:

The test results are as follows:

Table 1 Blood sample contamination rate

group The total number of blood culture samples/piece Contaminated blood culture specimens/piece Contamination rate/% Example 1 400 2 0.50% Example 2 400 2 0.50% control 400 9 2.25%

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A blood sampling assistor is characterized by comprising a pipe body (1), a first interface (2) and a second interface (3); the pipe body (1) is provided with an isolation cavity (4).

2. The blood collection aid according to claim 1, wherein the tube body (1) is provided with an isolation cavity (4), a first pipeline (5), a second pipeline (6) and a pushing piston (7) in sequence;

the first pipeline (5) is respectively communicated with the first interface (2) and the isolation cavity (4); the first interface (2) can be connected with a blood taking needle, so that collected front-section blood is placed in the isolation cavity;

after the piston (7) can be pushed to move towards the end of the isolation cavity (4), the second pipeline (6) is respectively communicated with the first connector (2) and the second connector (3), so that collected back-end blood flows into a container which can be connected with the second connector (3).

3. The lancing aid of claim 1 or 2, wherein the isolation chamber is under negative pressure.

4. The lancing aid according to claim 3, wherein a bracket is provided between the pushable piston (7) and the outer wall of the first tube (5).

5. A lancing aid according to claim 3 or 4 wherein a support is provided between the inner walls of the first conduit (5).

6. The blood collection assistor according to claim 1, wherein the tube (1) is a U-shaped tube, and the tube (1) is provided with a first connector (2) and a second connector (3) at one end and is closed at the other end.

7. A lancing device comprising the lancing aid of any one of claims 1 to 6 and a lancet.

8. The lancing device according to claim 7, wherein the lancing aid is integrally or removably connected to the lancet.

9. The lancing device according to claim 7 or 8, further comprising a culture bottle.

10. A method for reducing the contamination rate of blood culture, characterized in that auxiliary blood collection is carried out by using the blood collection aid of any one of claims 1 to 6, or blood is collected by using the blood collection device of any one of claims 7 to 9, and then the collected blood is subjected to blood culture.

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