CN111852675A - A fuel injector fault diagnosis system - Google Patents
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
- F02D2041/224—Diagnosis of the fuel system
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种喷油器故障诊断系统，涉及喷油器领域，包括：包括主控制器、逻辑模块、高端集成驱动电路、低端集成驱动电路、低端电流调理电路、第一开关管、第二开关管、第三开关管、第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管和采样电阻，主控制器获取第二开关管的源极的高端驱动脉冲信号，当检测到高端驱动脉冲信号的脉冲宽度或者脉冲周期异常时确定喷油器存在故障，由于喷油器电磁阀电感参数的变化将会直接影响喷油器的喷油特性，通过分析高端驱动脉冲的脉冲宽度或者脉冲周期的变化就可以判断出喷油器的喷油特性是否存在故障，相比于传统的功能诊断方法，本系统更能时刻掌握喷油器的当前状态。
The invention discloses a fuel injector fault diagnosis system, which relates to the field of fuel injectors. , the second switch tube, the third switch tube, the first diode, the second diode, the third diode and the sampling resistor, the main controller obtains the high-end driving pulse signal of the source of the second switch tube, when When the abnormal pulse width or pulse period of the high-end drive pulse signal is detected, it is determined that the injector is faulty. The change of the inductance parameters of the injector solenoid valve will directly affect the fuel injection characteristics of the injector. By analyzing the pulse of the high-end drive pulse Changes in the width or pulse period can determine whether there is a fault in the fuel injection characteristics of the injector. Compared with the traditional functional diagnosis method, this system can better grasp the current state of the injector at all times.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及柴油机高压共轨喷油器领域，尤其是一种喷油器故障诊断系统。The invention relates to the field of high-pressure common rail fuel injectors for diesel engines, in particular to a fault diagnosis system for fuel injectors.
背景技术Background technique
喷油器是柴油机重要的核心零部件，目前市面上常见的喷油器故障诊断技术大多是功能诊断，即针对喷油器驱动电路是否存在短路、断路的故障现象进而判断是否存在故障，但喷油器电磁阀渐进老化会引起电感参数的变化，从而导致电磁阀的电磁力不足，影响到喷油器的喷油特性，这是一个缓慢变化的过程，在这一过程中并不会直接引发短路或断路的故障现象，现有的故障诊断技术无法识别。The fuel injector is an important core component of a diesel engine. At present, most of the common fuel injector fault diagnosis technologies on the market are functional diagnosis, that is, whether there is a short circuit or open circuit fault in the fuel injector drive circuit to determine whether there is a fault, but the injection The gradual aging of the solenoid valve of the fuel injector will cause the change of the inductance parameters, which will lead to insufficient electromagnetic force of the solenoid valve and affect the fuel injection characteristics of the fuel injector. This is a slowly changing process, which will not directly cause The fault phenomenon of short circuit or open circuit cannot be identified by the existing fault diagnosis technology.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明人针对上述问题及技术需求，提出了一种喷油器故障诊断系统，本发明的技术方案如下：In view of the above problems and technical requirements, the present inventor proposes a fuel injector fault diagnosis system. The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
一种喷油器故障诊断系统，所述喷油器故障诊断系统包括主控制器、逻辑模块、高端集成驱动电路、低端集成驱动电路、低端电流调理电路、第一开关管、第二开关管、第三开关管、第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管和采样电阻，所述主控制器连接到所述逻辑模块，所述逻辑模块连接到所述高端集成驱动电路和低端集成驱动电路，所述高端集成驱动电路连接到所述第一开关管的栅极和所述第二开关管的栅极，所述第一开关管的漏极连接到电池电源获取电池电压、源极连接到所述第一二极管的正极，所述第一二极管的负极连接到所述第二二极管的负极，所述第二二极管的正极接地，所述第二开关管的漏极连接到驱动电源获取驱动高压，所述第二开关管的源极连接到第一二极管的负极、第二二极管的负极和喷油器的喷油器电磁阀电感的一端，所述喷油器电磁阀电感的另一端连接到第三二极管的正极和所述第三开关管的漏极，所述第三二极管的负极连接到驱动电源获取驱动高压，所述低端集成驱动电路连接到所述第三开关管的栅极，所述第三开关管的源极连接到所述采样电阻，所述采样电阻的另一端接地，所述采样电阻的两端分别连接到所述低端电流调理电路，所述低端电流调理电路连接到所述逻辑模块，A fuel injector fault diagnosis system, the fuel injector fault diagnosis system includes a main controller, a logic module, a high-end integrated drive circuit, a low-end integrated drive circuit, a low-end current conditioning circuit, a first switch tube, and a second switch tube, a third switch tube, a first diode, a second diode, a third diode and a sampling resistor, the main controller is connected to the logic module, and the logic module is connected to the high-side integrated A drive circuit and a low-side integrated drive circuit, the high-side integrated drive circuit is connected to the gate of the first switch tube and the gate of the second switch tube, and the drain of the first switch tube is connected to the battery power supply The battery voltage is obtained, the source is connected to the anode of the first diode, the cathode of the first diode is connected to the cathode of the second diode, and the anode of the second diode is grounded, The drain of the second switch tube is connected to the driving power source to obtain the driving high voltage, and the source of the second switch tube is connected to the cathode of the first diode, the cathode of the second diode and the fuel injection of the fuel injector one end of the solenoid valve inductance of the injector, the other end of the solenoid valve inductance of the injector is connected to the anode of the third diode and the drain of the third switch tube, and the cathode of the third diode is connected to the drive The power supply obtains a driving high voltage, the low-end integrated driving circuit is connected to the gate of the third switch tube, the source of the third switch tube is connected to the sampling resistor, and the other end of the sampling resistor is grounded, so Two ends of the sampling resistor are respectively connected to the low-end current conditioning circuit, and the low-end current conditioning circuit is connected to the logic module,
所述主控制器获取所述第二开关管的源极的高端驱动脉冲信号，当检测到所述高端驱动脉冲信号的脉冲宽度或者脉冲周期异常时确定所述喷油器存在故障。The main controller obtains the high-side driving pulse signal of the source of the second switch tube, and determines that the fuel injector is faulty when detecting that the pulse width or pulse period of the high-side driving pulse signal is abnormal.
其进一步的技术方案为，所述喷油器的驱动过程依次包括高压开放阶段、一阶维持阶段和二阶维持阶段，所述当检测到所述高端驱动脉冲信号的脉冲宽度和/或脉冲周期异常时确定所述喷油器存在故障，包括：A further technical solution thereof is that the driving process of the fuel injector sequentially includes a high-voltage opening stage, a first-order maintenance stage and a second-order maintenance stage, and the pulse width and/or pulse period of the high-end driving pulse signal are detected when the When abnormal, it is determined that the fuel injector is faulty, including:
所述主控制器在所述喷油器处于高压开放阶段时获取到第一脉冲宽度、在所述喷油器处于一阶维持阶段获取到第二脉冲宽度和第一脉冲周期、在所述喷油器处于二阶维持阶段时获取到第三脉冲宽度和第二脉冲周期；The main controller obtains the first pulse width when the fuel injector is in the high-pressure opening stage, obtains the second pulse width and the first pulse period when the fuel injector is in the first-order maintenance stage, and obtains the second pulse width and the first pulse period when the fuel injector is in the first-order maintenance stage. The third pulse width and the second pulse period are obtained when the oiler is in the second-order maintenance stage;
则所述主控制器在检测到所述第一脉冲宽度与第一预定宽度不同时确定所述喷油器存在故障；then the main controller determines that the fuel injector is faulty when detecting that the first pulse width is different from the first predetermined width;
或者，在检测到所述第二脉冲宽度与第二预定宽度不同或第一脉冲周期与第一预定周期不同时确定所述喷油器存在故障；or, when it is detected that the second pulse width is different from the second predetermined width or the first pulse period is different from the first predetermined period, it is determined that the fuel injector is faulty;
或者，在检测到所述第三脉冲宽度与第三预定宽度不同或第二脉冲周期与第二预定周期不同时确定所述喷油器存在故障。Alternatively, it is determined that the fuel injector is faulty when it is detected that the third pulse width is different from the third predetermined width or the second pulse period is different from the second predetermined period.
其进一步的技术方案为，所述系统还包括：Its further technical solution is that the system further includes:
在实验阶段，所述第二开关管的源极引出高端驱动脉冲信号并连接到所述主控制器，所述主控制器在所述喷油器处于所述高压开放阶段获取所述第一预定宽度，In the experimental stage, the source of the second switch tube leads out a high-end driving pulse signal and is connected to the main controller. width,
所述主控制器在所述喷油器处于所述一阶维持阶段获取所述第二预定宽度和所述第一预定周期，The main controller obtains the second predetermined width and the first predetermined period when the fuel injector is in the first-order maintenance phase,
所述主控制器在所述喷油器处于所述二阶维持阶段获取所述第三预定宽度和所述第二预定周期。The main controller acquires the third predetermined width and the second predetermined period when the fuel injector is in the second-order maintenance phase.
其进一步的技术方案为，所述喷油器故障诊断系统还包括限压电路，所述第二开关管的源极通过所述限压电路连接到所述主控制器，A further technical solution is that the fuel injector fault diagnosis system further includes a voltage limiting circuit, and the source of the second switch tube is connected to the main controller through the voltage limiting circuit,
所述限压电路将所述高端驱动脉冲信号的电压幅值限制为所述主控制器兼容的电平。The voltage limiting circuit limits the voltage amplitude of the high-side driving pulse signal to a level compatible with the main controller.
其进一步的技术方案为，所述主控制器包括高速时间处理单元、控制单元和存储单元，所述高速时间处理单元、控制单元和存储单元依次连接。According to a further technical solution, the main controller includes a high-speed time processing unit, a control unit and a storage unit, and the high-speed time processing unit, the control unit and the storage unit are connected in sequence.
其进一步的技术方案为，所述第一开关管、所述第二开关管和所述第三开关管均为NMOS管。According to a further technical solution, the first switch transistor, the second switch transistor and the third switch transistor are all NMOS transistors.
其进一步的技术方案为，所述喷油器电磁阀电感控制喷油器电磁阀的通断。A further technical solution thereof is that the solenoid valve of the fuel injector controls the on-off of the solenoid valve of the fuel injector inductively.
其进一步的技术方案为，所述逻辑模块包括CPLD。A further technical solution thereof is that the logic module includes a CPLD.
本发明的有益技术效果是：高端驱动脉冲信号的脉冲宽度或者脉冲周期变化直接反映了喷油器电磁阀电感参数的变化，喷油器电磁阀电感参数的变化将会直接影响喷油器的喷油特性，高端驱动脉冲信号的脉冲宽度或者脉冲周期变化就可以判断出喷油器的喷油特性是否存在故障，相比于传统的功能诊断方法，本系统更能时刻掌握喷油器的当前状态。The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are: the pulse width or pulse period change of the high-end driving pulse signal directly reflects the change of the inductance parameter of the solenoid valve of the fuel injector, and the change of the solenoid valve of the fuel injector will directly affect the injection of the fuel injector. Oil characteristics, the pulse width or pulse period of the high-end driving pulse signal can determine whether there is a fault in the fuel injection characteristics of the injector. Compared with the traditional functional diagnosis method, this system can better grasp the current state of the injector at all times. .
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本申请的喷油器驱动电路的电路结构图。FIG. 1 is a circuit structure diagram of the fuel injector drive circuit of the present application.
图2是本申请的喷油器驱动电路的电路相位图。FIG. 2 is a circuit phase diagram of the fuel injector driving circuit of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步说明。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，一种喷油器故障诊断系统，包括主控制器MCU、逻辑模块、高端集成驱动电路、低端集成驱动电路、低端电流调理电路、第一开关管M1、第二开关管M2、第三开关管M3、第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3和采样电阻R，其中逻辑模块包括CPLD(Complex Programmable Logic Device复杂可编程逻辑器件)，可现场调节其内部的逻辑，CPLD内部的逻辑根据外部输入信号和需要输出的逻辑信号而生成，第一开关管M1、第二开关管M2和第三开关管M3均为NMOS管。As shown in Figure 1, a fuel injector fault diagnosis system includes a main controller MCU, a logic module, a high-end integrated drive circuit, a low-end integrated drive circuit, a low-end current conditioning circuit, a first switch tube M1, and a second switch. Tube M2, third switch tube M3, first diode D1, second diode D2, third diode D3 and sampling resistor R, wherein the logic module includes CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device) , the internal logic of the CPLD can be adjusted on-site. The internal logic of the CPLD is generated according to the external input signal and the logic signal to be output. The first switch M1, the second switch M2 and the third switch M3 are all NMOS transistors.
主控制器MCU连接到逻辑模块，逻辑模块连接到高端集成驱动电路和低端集成驱动电路，高端集成驱动电路连接到第一开关管M1的栅极和第二开关管M2的栅极，第一开关管M1的漏极连接到电池电源获取电池电压、源极连接到第一二极管D1的正极，第一二极管D1的负极连接到第二二极管D2的负极，第二二极管D2的正极接地，第二开关管M2的漏极连接到驱动电源获取驱动高压，第二开关管M2的源极连接到第一二极管D1的负极、第二二极管D2的负极和喷油器电磁阀电感L的一端，喷油器电磁阀电感L控制喷油器电磁阀的通断。喷油器电磁阀电感L的另一端连接到第三二极管D3的正极和第三开关管M3的漏极，第三二极管D3的负极连接到驱动电源获取驱动高压，低端集成驱动电路连接到第三开关管M3的栅极，第三开关管M3的源极连接到采样电阻R，采样电阻R的另一端接地，采样电阻R的两端分别连接到低端电流调理电路，低端电流调理电路连接到逻辑模块。The main controller MCU is connected to the logic module, the logic module is connected to the high-side integrated drive circuit and the low-side integrated drive circuit, the high-side integrated drive circuit is connected to the gate of the first switch M1 and the gate of the second switch M2, the first The drain of the switch tube M1 is connected to the battery power source to obtain the battery voltage, the source is connected to the anode of the first diode D1, the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the cathode of the second diode D2, and the second diode The anode of the tube D2 is grounded, the drain of the second switch tube M2 is connected to the driving power supply to obtain the driving high voltage, the source of the second switch tube M2 is connected to the cathode of the first diode D1, the cathode of the second diode D2 and One end of the injector solenoid valve inductance L, the injector solenoid valve inductance L controls the on-off of the injector solenoid valve. The other end of the solenoid valve inductance L of the injector is connected to the anode of the third diode D3 and the drain of the third switch tube M3. The cathode of the third diode D3 is connected to the driving power supply to obtain the driving high voltage, and the low-end integrated driver The circuit is connected to the gate of the third switch tube M3, the source of the third switch tube M3 is connected to the sampling resistor R, the other end of the sampling resistor R is grounded, and the two ends of the sampling resistor R are respectively connected to the low-end current conditioning circuit. The terminal current conditioning circuit is connected to the logic module.
由于电感的饱和特性，即电流越大，电感特性损失的越大，电感特性损失速度的快慢是电磁阀特性的重要指标，而电磁阀的特性和喷油器的喷油特性存在高度的相关，而喷油器电磁阀电感L控制喷油器电磁阀的通断。Due to the saturation characteristics of the inductance, that is, the greater the current, the greater the loss of the inductance characteristic. The speed of the inductance characteristic loss is an important indicator of the characteristics of the solenoid valve, and the characteristics of the solenoid valve and the fuel injection characteristics of the injector are highly correlated. The injector solenoid valve inductance L controls the on-off of the injector solenoid valve.
主控制器MCU获取第二开关管M2的源极的高端驱动脉冲信号，当检测到高端驱动脉冲信号的脉冲宽度或者脉冲周期异常时确定喷油器存在故障。The main controller MCU obtains the high-end driving pulse signal of the source of the second switch tube M2, and determines that the fuel injector is faulty when the abnormal pulse width or pulse period of the high-end driving pulse signal is detected.
进一步的，如图2所示，逻辑模块连接主控制器MCU并接收驱动使能信号，高端驱动脉冲信号和驱动使能信号在开启和关闭阶段均存在延时，通常喷油器的驱动过程依次包括高压开放阶段t0-t1、一阶维持阶段t1-t2和二阶维持阶段t2-t3，当检测到高端驱动脉冲信号的脉冲宽度和/或脉冲周期异常时确定喷油器存在故障，包括：Further, as shown in Figure 2, the logic module is connected to the main controller MCU and receives the drive enable signal. The high-end drive pulse signal and the drive enable signal have delays in the opening and closing stages. Usually, the drive process of the injector is sequentially Including the high-voltage opening stage t0-t1, the first-order maintenance stage t1-t2 and the second-order maintenance stage t2-t3, when the abnormal pulse width and/or pulse period of the high-end driving pulse signal are detected, it is determined that the injector has a fault, including:
主控制器MCU在喷油器处于高压开放阶段时获取到第一脉冲宽度T0、在喷油器处于一阶维持阶段获取到第二脉冲宽度T1和第一脉冲周期T1+T2、在喷油器处于二阶维持阶段时获取到第三脉冲宽度T3和第二脉冲周期T3+T4；The main controller MCU obtains the first pulse width T0 when the injector is in the high pressure opening stage, and obtains the second pulse width T1 and the first pulse period T1+T2 when the injector is in the first-order maintenance stage. The third pulse width T3 and the second pulse period T3+T4 are obtained when in the second-order sustaining stage;
特定型号喷油器驱动电流的三个脉冲宽度以及第一脉冲周期和第二脉冲周期都有相应的标定值。There are corresponding calibration values for the three pulse widths and the first pulse period and the second pulse period of the drive current of a specific type of injector.
则主控制器MCU在检测到第一脉冲宽度与第一预定宽度不同时确定喷油器存在故障；Then the main controller MCU determines that the fuel injector is faulty when it detects that the first pulse width is different from the first predetermined width;
或者，在检测到第二脉冲宽度与第二预定宽度不同或第一脉冲周期与第一预定周期不同时确定喷油器存在故障；Or, when it is detected that the second pulse width is different from the second predetermined width or the first pulse period is different from the first predetermined period, it is determined that the fuel injector has a fault;
或者，在检测到第三脉冲宽度与第三预定宽度不同或第二脉冲周期与第二预定周期不同时确定喷油器存在故障。Alternatively, it is determined that the injector is faulty when it is detected that the third pulse width is different from the third predetermined width or the second pulse period is different from the second predetermined period.
每个脉冲宽度和脉冲周期反应了不同驱动电流时，喷油器电磁阀电感参数的变化。可先选取批量特定型号的喷油器，这些喷油器都存在不同程度喷油特性改变的故障。通过对这些故障喷油器做喷油性能试验来标定脉冲宽度、脉冲周期和喷油量的关系表。脉冲宽度，脉冲周期反应的是喷油器电磁阀电感参数的变化情况，因此三个脉冲宽度以及二个脉冲周期的变化规律都是一致的。每次驱动结束后，就可获得实际的脉冲宽度和脉冲周期的值，根据该关系表能获得实际的喷油量是多少，根据获取的喷油量值可判断喷油器的喷油特性是否在正常范围还是存在故障，还可进一步判断故障的严重程度。Each pulse width and pulse period reflects the change of the inductance parameters of the solenoid valve of the injector when the driving current is different. You can select a batch of specific models of fuel injectors first. These fuel injectors all have faults with varying degrees of fuel injection characteristics. The relationship table of pulse width, pulse period and fuel injection quantity is calibrated by performing fuel injection performance test on these faulty injectors. The pulse width and the pulse period reflect the change of the inductance parameters of the solenoid valve of the injector, so the variation laws of the three pulse widths and the two pulse periods are consistent. After each drive, the actual pulse width and pulse period can be obtained. According to the relationship table, the actual fuel injection quantity can be obtained. According to the obtained fuel injection quantity value, it can be judged whether the fuel injection characteristics of the injector are not. There is still a fault in the normal range, and the severity of the fault can be further judged.
进一步的，为了获取预定数值，在使用前需在实验阶段获取预定数值，该预定数值通过批量正常的喷油器测量得到的，第二开关管M2的源极引出高端驱动脉冲信号并连接到主控制器MCU，主控制器MCU在喷油器处于高压开放阶段获取第一预定宽度，Further, in order to obtain a predetermined value, it is necessary to obtain a predetermined value in the experimental stage before use. The predetermined value is obtained by measuring a batch of normal fuel injectors. The source of the second switch tube M2 leads out the high-end driving pulse signal and is connected to the main The controller MCU, the main controller MCU obtains the first predetermined width when the fuel injector is in the high pressure opening stage,
主控制器MCU在喷油器处于一阶维持阶段获取第二预定宽度和第一预定周期，The main controller MCU obtains the second predetermined width and the first predetermined period when the injector is in the first-order maintenance stage,
主控制器MCU在喷油器处于二阶维持阶段获取第三预定宽度和第二预定周期。The main controller MCU acquires the third predetermined width and the second predetermined period when the fuel injector is in the second-order maintenance phase.
该系统还包括限压电路，第二开关管M2的源极通过限压电路连接到主控制器，由于第二开关管M2的源极的实际信号的脉冲幅值比较大，限压电路将高端驱动脉冲信号的电压幅值限制为主控制器MCU兼容的电平。The system also includes a voltage limiting circuit, and the source of the second switch M2 is connected to the main controller through the voltage limiting circuit. Since the actual signal pulse amplitude of the source of the second switch M2 is relatively large, the voltage limiting circuit will The voltage amplitude of the driving pulse signal is limited to a level compatible with the main controller MCU.
主控制器MCU包括高速时间处理单元TPU、控制单元DMA和存储单元RAM，高速时间处理单元TPU、控制单元DMA和存储单元RAM依次连接，使用主控制器的MCU的高速时间处理单元TPU和控制单元DMA能够自动获取高端驱动脉冲信号的脉冲宽度和脉冲周期并自动保存到存储单元RAM中，达到节省主控制器MCU空间的目的。The main controller MCU includes a high-speed time processing unit TPU, a control unit DMA and a storage unit RAM. The high-speed time processing unit TPU, the control unit DMA and the storage unit RAM are connected in turn, and the high-speed time processing unit TPU and the control unit of the MCU of the main controller are used. DMA can automatically obtain the pulse width and pulse period of the high-end driving pulse signal and automatically save it into the storage unit RAM, so as to save the space of the main controller MCU.
以上所述的仅是本申请的优选实施方式，本发明不限于以上实施例。可以理解，本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和构思的前提下直接导出或联想到的其他改进和变化，均应认为包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. It can be understood that other improvements and changes directly derived or thought of by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and concept of the present invention should be considered to be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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