CN111852433A - Method for improving multi-scale fracture conductivity of dolomite reservoir - Google Patents
Method for improving multi-scale fracture conductivity of dolomite reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- CN111852433A CN111852433A CN201910347917.1A CN201910347917A CN111852433A CN 111852433 A CN111852433 A CN 111852433A CN 201910347917 A CN201910347917 A CN 201910347917A CN 111852433 A CN111852433 A CN 111852433A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving the flow conductivity of a dolomite reservoir multi-scale fracture, which is characterized in that on the basis of conventional reservoir compressibility evaluation, low-viscosity preposed liquid variable displacement fracture making is adopted at the early stage to control the height of the fracture, and then high-viscosity cross-linking acid is injected to improve the corrosion resistance of a far well; and in the main fracturing stage, a large-discharge low-viscosity liquid is injected into the extended fracture length, low-sand-ratio powder ceramic is carried to improve the filling degree of micro fractures and natural fractures, then the fracture wall surface is corroded by gelled acid liquid to increase the fracture width, and finally a high-viscosity fracturing liquid is used to carry a large-particle-size propping agent into a reservoir, so that the flow conductivity of the main fracture is improved. According to the method, the transformation volume of the dolomite reservoir is improved as much as possible through multiple kinds of fracturing fluids, and multi-scale fractures are formed; the erosion width of the far well and fractures of various sizes is deepened through a plurality of acid systems, so that a propping agent can better enter, and the flow conductivity of the whole fractures is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of oil exploitation, in particular to a method for improving multi-scale fracture conductivity of a dolomite reservoir.
Background
For a dolomite reservoir, the conventional modification mode mainly adopts acid fracturing, but the dolomite matrix is compact, the etching form is relatively uniform, and although the initial fracture conductivity of the rock plate is relatively high, the acid etching fracture conductivity is rapidly reduced due to the fact that the overall etching form of the rock plate is relatively uniform and the number of supporting points is too small. After partial rock plate is acid-etched, the rock surface is covered with a layer of argillaceous substance which can prevent H from being contained+The acid liquor contacts with the carbonate rock component at the lower part, the reaction rate of the acid rock in the longitudinal direction is reduced, the etching degree is poor, and a good transformation effect is difficult to obtain by adopting a conventional acid pressing mode.
The prior art discloses a argillaceous dolomite ground cross-linked acid sand-carrying acid fracturing method, which adopts ground cross-linked acid as a front hydraulic pressure to open a stratum, and then uses the ground cross-linked acid to carry a propping agent to improve the comprehensive flow conductivity of a fracture. However, for a deep dolomite reservoir, the burial depth exceeds 5000m, a high flow guide supporting effect of non-uniform etching is difficult to form by adopting a conventional acid fracturing process, and if a cross-linked acid composite sand adding mode is adopted, the construction pressure is high, and the risk of sand blocking is easy to occur. In summary, a new technology capable of forming deep dolomite reservoir multi-scale fractures is required to be provided, so that the transformation range and the overall conductivity of the dolomite reservoir are increased, and the transformation effect is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the multi-scale fracture flow conductivity of a dolomite reservoir, which is suitable for a deep dolomite reservoir, fully opens fractures with various scales, supports multi-scale micro fractures and natural fractures, keeps the effectiveness of the fractures with various scales and forms a deep high flow conductivity modification effect.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a method for improving multi-scale fracture conductivity of a dolomite reservoir comprises the steps of adopting low-viscosity preposed liquid variable displacement fracture forming to control the height of a fracture in the early stage on the basis of conventional reservoir compressibility evaluation, and then injecting high-viscosity cross-linking acid to improve the corrosion capacity of a far well; and in the main fracturing stage, a large-discharge low-viscosity liquid is injected into the extended fracture length, low-sand-ratio powder ceramic is carried to improve the filling degree of micro fractures and natural fractures, then the fracture wall surface is corroded by gelled acid liquid to increase the fracture width, and finally a high-viscosity fracturing liquid is used to carry a large-particle-size propping agent into a reservoir, so that the flow conductivity of the main fracture is improved.
The reservoir compressibility evaluation means that parameters such as mineral components, rock mechanical parameters, horizontal stress profiles, brittleness indexes, acid rock reaction rates and the like of the dolomite reservoir are analyzed through conventional logging, fracture description and the like, and compressibility of the deep dolomite reservoir is comprehensively evaluated.
The crack height is controlled by the variable displacement of the low-viscosity pad fluid, namely the variable displacement is 1-6m3And the construction mode of/min gradually increases the discharge capacity, firstly communicates with the natural fracture to increase the complexity of the fracture, and simultaneously reduces the temperature of a reservoir stratum to slow down the reaction rate of acid rock.
Further, the amount of the highly viscous cross-linking acid injected was a liquid amount corresponding to 30% of the final length of the crack.
Further, in the injection crossIn the acid-linking process, 100-mesh high-strength ceramsite is carried in a low sand ratio mode, the grade number of proppant slugs is 2-4, and the concentration of proppant is 30-120kg/m3。
And (3) injecting the high-displacement low-viscosity liquid to calculate the liquid amount of the low-viscosity fracturing liquid according to the calculated final fracture length, wherein the liquid amount of the high-displacement low-viscosity liquid is 30% of the liquid amount corresponding to the final fracture length, and the displacement is the maximum displacement which does not exceed the pressure limiting of a wellhead during simulation.
Further, after the process of injecting low-viscosity liquid, 100-mesh high-strength ceramsite is carried in a low sand ratio mode, the grade number of the proppant slug is 3-5 grades, and the concentration of the proppant is 30-180kg/m3。
The gelled acid solution is adopted in the stage of corroding the wall surface of the crack and increasing the crack width, the viscosity is 15-20 mPa.s, and the acid solution dosage in the stage is generally 3-5m 3And the displacement is 80 percent of the highest construction displacement.
The high-viscosity fracturing fluid carries a large-particle-size proppant to enter a reservoir stratum stage, the 40-70-mesh proppant and the 30-50-mesh proppant are injected in a pulse mode, and the construction discharge capacity is 4-5 m3And/min, when the pulse interval time is 2 minutes, the viscosity of the fracturing fluid after shearing is more than 30 mPa.s.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the transformation volume of the dolomite reservoir is improved as much as possible by the aid of various fracturing fluids, and multi-scale fractures are formed; the erosion width of the far well and fractures of various sizes is deepened through a plurality of acid systems, so that a propping agent can better enter, and the flow conductivity of the whole fractures is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific embodiments may be determined according to the technical solutions and practical situations of the present invention.
Example (b): a method for improving multi-scale fracture conductivity of a dolomite reservoir comprises the following steps:
step one, evaluating the reservoir compressibility: analyzing mineral components, rock mechanical parameters, a horizontal stress profile, a brittleness index, an acid rock reaction rate and other parameters of the dolomite reservoir through conventional logging, fracture description and other methods, and comprehensively evaluating the compressibility of the deep dolomite reservoir;
Step two, changing the displacement of the low-viscosity preposed liquid: the low-viscosity liquid is beneficial to controlling the seam height, has good effect of making long seams, has strong seam height control capability and passes through the variable displacement of 1-6m3The construction method is characterized in that the discharge capacity is gradually increased in a min construction mode, natural fractures are communicated firstly, the complexity of the fractures is increased, and meanwhile, the temperature of a reservoir is reduced, and the acid rock reaction rate is slowed down;
step three, injecting high-discharge amount of high-viscosity cross-linked acid: the fracture propagation condition of high-viscosity cross-linked acid under different discharge capacities is simulated, and the partial cross-linked acid is mainly used for improving the corrosion capacity of fractures at a far well. The amount of cross-linking acid used here is the amount of liquid corresponding to 30% of the final length of the fracture reached, taking into account the subsequent injection of acid and sand-carrying liquids. In the process of injecting the cross-linking acid, 100-mesh high-strength ceramsite is carried in a low sand ratio mode, the grade number of the proppant slug is 2-4 grades, and the concentration of the proppant is 30-120kg/m3The propping capacity of the far well fracture is improved;
step four, injecting low-viscosity fracturing fluid with large discharge: and on the basis of the third step, calculating the liquid amount of the low-viscosity fracturing fluid according to the calculated final fracture length, wherein the discharge capacity is the maximum discharge capacity which does not exceed the pressure limiting of a wellhead during simulation. After 30% of liquid is injected in the stage, 100-mesh high-strength ceramsite is carried in a low sand ratio mode, the number of stages of proppant slugs is 3-5, and the concentration of proppant is 30-180kg/m 3The filling degree of the micro cracks and the natural cracks is improved;
step five, adding gelling acid: the stage mainly adopts gelled acid with medium viscosity, the viscosity is 15-20 mPa.s, the reaction speed of acid rock is higher than that of cross-linking acid, and the corrosion gap width can be effectively increased. Simulating the influence of acid liquor discharge and dosage on the whole seam width of the crack, wherein according to the calculation result, the dosage of the acid liquor at the stage is generally 3-5m3The discharge capacity is 80 percent of the highest construction discharge capacity;
step six, carrying proppant pulse type sand adding by the high-viscosity fracturing fluid: and in consideration of the well depth and the relatively narrow acid fracturing seam width of the dolomite reservoir, injecting 40-70 meshes and 30-50 meshes of proppant in a pulse mode. According to the calculation result, the stage is 40/70 meshThe proportion of proppant is 70-80%. The construction discharge capacity and the fracturing fluid amount at the stage are simulated through fracturing software, the discontinuous laying of the propping agent is not facilitated when the discharge capacity is too low or too high, and the construction discharge capacity is generally 4-5 m according to the simulation result3And/min, when the pulse interval time is 2 minutes, the laying shape distribution of the propping agent is better. Considering the sand carrying effect of the fracturing fluid, the viscosity of the fracturing fluid after shearing is more than 30mPa.s, so that the proppant is brought into fracture systems with different scales.
The method is effectively applied to acid fracturing modification construction of a dolomite reservoir in northwest regions, the well depth is 5500m, and the reservoir temperature is 140 ℃. By the method provided by the invention, the thickness of the concrete is 1-6m at the initial construction stage3Permin displacement injection 60m3Slick water, then injected at 5m3Permin displacement injection 120m3Crosslinking acid and carrying sand with a concentration ratio of 30kg/m3、60kg/ m3、90kg/m3100 mesh proppant. Then the thickness is 6-7m3Permin displacement injection 320m3Slickwater (the viscosity is 9-12 mPa.s) is carried with 100 meshes of propping agent in a segmentary sand adding mode, and the sand concentration is 30kg/m respectively3、60 kg/m3、90kg/m3、120kg/m3、180kg/m3. Then at 4-5m3Permin displacement injection 360m3The gelled acid (with the viscosity of 20 mPa.s) increases the corrosion seam width and the flow conductivity of the main seam and the branch seams. Finally, high-viscosity fracturing fluid (the viscosity is 50 mPa.s) is injected into 40/70-mesh and 30/50-mesh proppants in a pulse mode (the interval time is 2 min), and the sand concentration is 30kg/m3、90 kg/m3、120kg/m3、180kg/m3、240kg/m3、270kg/m3And 300kg/m3And (5) until the construction is finished.
The above technical features constitute the best embodiment of the present invention, which has strong adaptability and best implementation effect.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving multi-scale fracture conductivity of a dolomite reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps: on the basis of conventional reservoir compressibility evaluation, the crack height is controlled by adopting low-viscosity front-mounted liquid variable displacement crack formation in the early stage, and then high-viscosity cross-linking acid is injected to improve the corrosion capacity of a far well; and in the main fracturing stage, a large-discharge low-viscosity liquid is injected into the extended fracture length, low-sand-ratio powder ceramic is carried to improve the filling degree of micro fractures and natural fractures, then the fracture wall surface is corroded by gelled acid liquid to increase the fracture width, and finally a high-viscosity fracturing liquid is used to carry a large-particle-size propping agent into a reservoir, so that the flow conductivity of the main fracture is improved.
2. The method for improving the multi-scale fracture conductivity of the dolomite reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the reservoir compressibility evaluation refers to the comprehensive evaluation of compressibility of a deep dolomite reservoir by analyzing mineral components, rock mechanical parameters, a horizontal stress profile, a brittleness index and an acid rock reaction rate of the dolomite reservoir through conventional well logging and fracture description.
3. The method for improving the multi-scale fracture conductivity of the dolomite reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the crack height is controlled by the variable displacement of the low-viscosity pad fluid, namely the variable displacement is 1-6m3And the construction mode of/min gradually increases the discharge capacity, firstly communicates with the natural fracture to increase the complexity of the fracture, and simultaneously reduces the temperature of a reservoir stratum to slow down the reaction rate of acid rock.
4. The method for improving the multi-scale fracture conductivity of the dolomite reservoir as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the amount of the highly viscous crosslinking acid injected was a liquid amount corresponding to 30% of the final length of the crack.
5. The method for improving the multi-scale fracture conductivity of the dolomite reservoir as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the process of injecting the cross-linking acid, 100-mesh high-strength ceramsite is carried in a low sand ratio mode, the grade number of the proppant slug is 2-4 grades, and the concentration of the proppant is 30-120kg/m 3。
6. The method for improving the multi-scale fracture conductivity of the dolomite reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (3) injecting the high-displacement low-viscosity liquid to calculate the liquid amount of the low-viscosity fracturing liquid according to the calculated final fracture length, wherein the liquid amount of the high-displacement low-viscosity liquid is 30% of the liquid amount corresponding to the final fracture length, and the displacement is the maximum displacement which does not exceed the pressure limiting of a wellhead during simulation.
7. The method for improving the multi-scale fracture conductivity of the dolomite reservoir as claimed in claim 6, wherein: after the process of injecting low-viscosity liquid, carrying 100-mesh high-strength ceramsite in a low sand ratio mode, wherein the grade number of proppant slugs is 3-5, and the proppant concentration is 30-180kg/m3。
8. The method for improving the multi-scale fracture conductivity of the dolomite reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the gelled acid solution is adopted in the stage of corroding the wall surface of the crack and increasing the crack width, the viscosity is 15-20mPa.s, and the acid solution dosage in the stage is generally 3-5m3And the displacement is 80 percent of the highest construction displacement.
9. The method for improving the multi-scale fracture conductivity of the dolomite reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the high-viscosity fracturing fluid carries a large-particle-size proppant to enter a reservoir stratum stage, the 40-70-mesh proppant and the 30-50-mesh proppant are injected in a pulse mode, and the construction discharge capacity is 4-5 m 3And/min, when the pulse interval time is 2 minutes, the viscosity of the fracturing fluid after shearing is more than 30 mPa.s.
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| CN115324573A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-11-11 | 昆明理工大学 | Device and method for evaluating conductivity of proppant crack under acidizing and fracturing actions |
| CN116223176A (en) * | 2023-04-10 | 2023-06-06 | 西南石油大学 | A method and experimental device for testing the relative permeability of fractured cores with different scales |
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| CN116223176A (en) * | 2023-04-10 | 2023-06-06 | 西南石油大学 | A method and experimental device for testing the relative permeability of fractured cores with different scales |
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