CN111847385A - Electrolytic dehydration device of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for hexafluorophosphate synthesis - Google Patents
Electrolytic dehydration device of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for hexafluorophosphate synthesis Download PDFInfo
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- CN111847385A CN111847385A CN202010899342.7A CN202010899342A CN111847385A CN 111847385 A CN111847385 A CN 111847385A CN 202010899342 A CN202010899342 A CN 202010899342A CN 111847385 A CN111847385 A CN 111847385A
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- hydrogen fluoride
- electrolytic
- ring
- anhydrous hydrogen
- dehydration apparatus
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- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- -1 hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 208000035208 Ring chromosome 20 syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical group [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000752 ionisation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- OBCUTHMOOONNBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentafluoride Chemical compound FP(F)(F)(F)F OBCUTHMOOONNBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003454 tympanic membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B7/00—Halogens; Halogen acids
- C01B7/19—Fluorine; Hydrogen fluoride
- C01B7/191—Hydrogen fluoride
- C01B7/195—Separation; Purification
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an electrolytic dehydration device of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for hexafluorophosphate synthesis, which comprises a guide cavity structure which is arranged in an electrolytic bath and is wrapped around the outer circumferential surfaces of a positive electrode rod and a negative electrode rod, and a suction structure which is movably opened and closed at the bottom of the electrolytic bath, wherein the outlet of the suction structure is connected with an outer cavity sealing structure, the guide cavity structure comprises an outer ring and an inner ring, and the positive electrode rod and the negative electrode rod are vertically inserted at the connecting part of the outer ring and the inner ring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to anhydrous hydrogen fluoride purification equipment, in particular to an electrolytic dehydration device of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for hexafluorophosphate synthesis.
Background
Hexafluorophosphate, especially lithium hexafluorophosphate, has become one of the important electrolytes for manufacturing secondary lithium ion batteries because of its unique physicochemical and electrochemical properties, and the synthesis of lithium hexafluorophosphate in the prior art generally adopts the reaction of phosphorus pentafluoride and lithium fluoride in the hydrogen fluoride liquid of a non-aqueous solvent to synthesize lithium hexafluorophosphate, and in order to improve the purity of the electrolyte, the hydrogen fluoride is dehydrated, and is a colorless, pungent and toxic gas in a normal state, and has very strong hygroscopicity, and white smoke is generated when contacting air, and is easily soluble in water, can be dissolved into water infinitely to form hydrofluoric acid, and hydrogen fluoride has hygroscopicity and is "fuming" after absorbing moisture in air.
Based on the above description, the present inventors have found that the existing anhydrous hydrogen fluoride electrolytic dehydration device for hexafluorophosphate synthesis mainly has the following disadvantages, for example:
the prior art only carries out simple reaction to hydrogen fluoride and absorbs water, it is relatively poor to remove water performance, easily react with the material in the electrolyte and reduce the purity of electrolyte, some adopt the electrolytic mode to electrolyze hydrogen fluoride, adopt metal halide as the conducting agent in electrolytic solution, can be consumed gradually in the electrolysis, can receive the influence along with the electron conduction effect in the electrolytic solution of carrying out of electrolytic reaction, make the hydrone in the later stage of electrolytic process more difficult to be ionized, and electrolytic process often needs to last very long can with the hydrone in the solution
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides an electrolytic dehydration apparatus for anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for hexafluorophosphate synthesis, which solves the conventional problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an electrolytic dehydration apparatus for anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for hexafluorophosphate synthesis, comprising:
the electrolytic bath comprises a power supply, an anode bar, a cathode bar and gas collecting cavities locked at two ends of the electrolytic bath;
the guide cavity structure is arranged in the electrolytic bath and surrounds and wraps the outer circumferential surfaces of the positive and negative electrode bars, the suction structure is movably opened and closed at the bottom of the electrolytic bath, and an outlet of the suction structure is connected with the outer cavity sealing structure;
the cavity guide structure comprises an outer ring and an inner ring, and the positive and negative electrode bars are vertically inserted at the joint of the outer ring and the inner ring.
According to one implementation mode, the outer ring comprises a ring, the inner wall of the ring is formed by a plurality of layers of transmission nets, sleeves are embedded in the positions, perpendicular to the positive and negative rods, of the ring, and the ring and the anode rod are connected together through the stand columns and are located on the same perpendicular plane.
According to one implementation mode, the transmission network is formed by combining and connecting a plurality of regular hexagonal fixed frames, and a through passage is formed between the fixed frames.
According to one possible embodiment, the suction structure comprises a rotary tube, the centre of which is a solid support column and the outside of which is a hollow spring structure, the top end of which is connected with the bottom of the electrolytic cell via a valve.
According to an implementation mode, a flow groove is locked at the bottom of each circle of the inner wall of the rotary pipe, the liquid flowing in the flow groove is concentrated sulfuric acid, and a pump is buckled at the outlet of the rotary pipe.
According to one possible embodiment, the height of the gas collection chamber from the electrolyte liquid in the electrolytic cell is 5 cm.
According to an implementation mode, the material adopted by all the structures of the outer ring, the inner ring and the inner part can be any one of carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers and graphene.
According to an embodiment, the height of the outer ring and the inner ring is higher than the height of the anode and cathode rods immersed in the solution.
The electrolytic dehydration device of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for hexafluorophosphate synthesis, provided by the invention, has the advantages of reasonable design and strong functionality, and has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the guide cavity structure is arranged near the anode bar and the cathode bar of the electrolytic cell and in the hydrogen fluoride liquid circulating between the anode bar and the cathode bar, so that the circulation of electrons in the solution can be accelerated, the electrolytic effect between the anode and the cathode can be improved, water molecules in the hydrogen fluoride can be ionized more completely, the water content in the hydrogen fluoride solution is reduced to the minimum, and water in the hydrogen fluoride solution is removed better.
According to the invention, through the suction structure arranged after the electrolysis process, the solution with low water content after the ionization process can be introduced into the channel with the concentrated sulfuric acid, and can be contacted with the concentrated sulfuric acid in each flow transmission process, so that the concentrated sulfuric acid can reduce the water content of the solution with the water content of less than 30ppm again, the purity of the hydrogen fluoride solution is improved again, and the influence of water in the hydrogen fluoride solution on the reaction of hexafluorophosphate is reduced.
Drawings
Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an electrolytic dehydration apparatus for anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for hexafluorophosphate synthesis according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the cavity structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a three-dimensional half-section of an outer ring according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional expanded structure of a transmission network according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the transmission network of the present invention when installed inside a loop.
Fig. 6 is a detailed structural schematic diagram of the suction structure of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: an electrolytic cell-0, a gas collecting cavity-1, a guide cavity structure-2, a suction structure-3, an outer ring-20, an inner ring-21, a ring-200, a transmission net-201, a through passage-010, a fixed frame-011 and a rotary pipe-31.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the present embodiment correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but it is not intended to indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific circumstances.
The examples are as follows:
as shown in attached figures 1 to 6, the invention provides an electrolytic dehydration device of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for hexafluorophosphate synthesis, which comprises an electrolytic tank 0 with a power supply and a positive and negative pole bar and a gas collecting cavity 1 locked at two ends of the electrolytic tank 0, wherein the electrolytic tank 0 is provided with a moisture monitoring structure, the moisture content in a hydrogen fluoride solution can be checked in real time, the power supply is kept between 4.5V and 7V during electrolysis, and the time is controlled between 15 h and 18 h;
the cavity guide structure 2 is arranged in the electrolytic bath 0 and surrounds and wraps the outer circumferential surfaces of the positive and negative electrode rods, not only can surround the periphery of the electrode rods to enhance the electronic charging and discharging effect of the periphery of the electrode rods, but also can be positioned in any position of a reaction area to improve the conductivity in the whole area, and the cavity guide structure also comprises a suction structure 3 movably opened and closed at the bottom of the electrolytic bath 0, wherein the outlet of the suction structure 3 is connected with an outer cavity sealing structure;
the cavity guiding structure 2 comprises an outer ring 20 and an inner ring 21, the positive and negative rods are vertically inserted and embedded at the joint of the outer ring 20 and the inner ring 21, the outer ring 20 wraps the outer side of the pole rods, and the inner ring 21 is tightly attached to the inner side of the pole rods, so that the electric conduction and reaction effects at the pole rods can be mainly stimulated and enhanced.
As shown in fig. 3, the outer ring 20 includes a ring 200, the inner wall of the ring 200 is formed by a plurality of layers of transmission nets 201, sleeves 202 are embedded at the positions where the ring 200 is vertically intersected with the positive and negative electrode rods, the ring 200 and the ring 200 are connected together through columns 203 and are located on the same vertical plane, the sleeves 202 and the columns 203 are continuously connected from top to bottom, the electrode rods can be completely wrapped, the mobility of electrons of the electrode rods in the charging and discharging process is better enhanced, the electrode rods are uniform from top to bottom, and the electrolyte is distributed throughout the whole electrolytic cell 0.
As shown in fig. 4, the transmission network 201 is formed by combining and connecting a plurality of regular hexagonal solid frames 011, a through channel 010 is disposed between the solid frames 011 and 011, and a honeycomb-like flow structure is provided, so that the speed of hydrogen ions and hydronium ions flowing to the cathode and the anode is not hindered due to the limitation of the frame, the solid frame 011 formed by carbon elements can improve the conductivity and the integral ionization degree, and other consumable conductive agents can be selectively added into the through channel 010 to enhance the conductivity of the solution in one stage, thereby greatly improving the electrolysis speed in the initial stage.
As shown in fig. 5, suction structure 3 is including rotary pipe 31, rotary pipe 31 center is solid support column, and the outside is hollow spring structure, and the top links together via the bottom of valve and electrolysis trough 0, the bottom of every round of rotary pipe 31 inner wall all locks has chute 30, and the liquid that flows in chute 30 is concentrated sulfuric acid, and rotary pipe 31's exit lock has been had pump machine 32, can carry out absorption effect once more after the electrolytic dehydration, adopts the concentrated sulfuric acid that does not react with hydrogen fluoride, reduces the water content in the hydrogen cyanide when not producing other impurity, and concentrated sulfuric acid wraps up the one deck tympanic membrane outward, but the two is mutually soluble again when can guaranteeing to contact with hydrogen fluoride.
As shown in the attached drawing 1, the gas collecting cavity 1 is 5cm away from electrolyte liquid in the electrolytic cell 0, so that gas generated during electrolysis can be rapidly taken away and recycled, on one hand, pollution is prevented from being timely recycled, and on the other hand, reversible reaction caused by accumulation in equipment is prevented.
As shown in fig. 2, the material used for the outer ring 20, the inner ring 21 and all the structures inside may be any one of carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers and graphene, and the material is selected from carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers and graphene, which are all formed by combining carbon structures, do not react with hydrogen fluoride and can improve the mobility of electrons.
As shown in fig. 1, the height of the outer ring 20 and the inner ring 21 is higher than the height of the anode and cathode rods immersed in the solution, and higher than the hydrogen fluoride solution can prevent the flow rate of solution electrons near the top layer of the liquid surface from being affected and unable to be accelerated due to the fact that the solution electrons cannot contact with the guide cavity structure 2.
Before hexafluorophosphate needs to be prepared, the hydrogen fluoride solution needs to be dehydrated firstly, the invention adopts an electrolytic method for dehydration, the hydrogen fluoride solution is led into a closed electrolytic cell 0 to prevent the hydrogen fluoride solution from reacting with water vapor in the air to form more water molecules in the electrolytic process, the power supply OF the electrolytic cell 0 is activated after the hydrogen fluoride solution is led into the closed electrolytic cell, current is generated at the positive and negative electrode bars OF the electrolytic cell 0, the solution in the electrolytic cell is electrolyzed, when the electrolysis is generated, hydrogen ions can move to the cathode to cause the generation OF hydrogen gas, namely 2H + → H2 ℃ ^ and the anode is the hydronium ions generated by the reaction OF water and hydrogen fluoride, namely H2O + HF → H3O + + F-, H3O + generates OF2 ^ under the fluorination OF the hydrogen fluoride, so that the water is continuously electrolyzed and separated into gas to overflow, on the basis OF the reaction, the hydrogen ions and the fluorine ions generated in the electrolysis are dissociated in the solution and can be dragged by the outer ring 20 and the inner ring 21, more obvious near the anode and cathode bars, the anode and cathode particles and electrons in the hydrogen fluoride solution are accelerated, the speed and the volume of hydrogen synthesized by hydrogen ions are improved, the speed and the quantity of water decomposed into hydronium ions are increased, the water in the hydrogen fluoride is gradually decomposed by the electrolytic reaction to form gas which is discharged from the gas receiving cavity 1, the reaction is stopped after the water content of the hydrogen fluoride is less than 30ppm, the gas is pumped out by the hydrogen fluoride solution after the electrolysis is finished, and then the gas is introduced into the rotary pipe 31, when the pipeline in the rotary pipe 31 flows downwards, the pipeline contacts with concentrated sulfuric acid in the launder 30 every time the pipeline flows downwards for one circle, the trace moisture in the hydrogen fluoride solution is treated once again, and concentrated sulfuric acid is not taken away when the hydrogen fluoride is contacted, so that the water content in the hydrogen fluoride solution is far less than 30ppm, the purity of the hydrogen fluoride is improved, and the interference on the preparation of the hexafluorophosphate is reduced.
The embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Claims (8)
1. An electrolytic dehydration apparatus for anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for hexafluorophosphate synthesis, comprising:
an electrolysis trough (0) of power and positive and negative pole stick and lock receipts gas chamber (1) at its both ends, its characterized in that:
the guide cavity structure (2) is arranged in the electrolytic bath (0) and surrounds and wraps the outer circumferential surfaces of the positive and negative electrode bars, the suction structure (3) is movably opened and closed at the bottom of the electrolytic bath (0), and an outlet of the suction structure (3) is connected with the outer cavity sealing structure;
the guide cavity structure (2) comprises an outer ring (20) and an inner ring (21), and the positive and negative electrode bars are vertically inserted and embedded at the joint of the outer ring (20) and the inner ring (21).
2. The electrolytic dehydration apparatus of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for hexafluorophosphate synthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer ring (20) comprises a ring (200), the inner wall of the ring (200) is composed of a plurality of layers of transmission nets (201), sleeves (202) are embedded in the positions, which are perpendicular to the positive and negative rods, of the ring (200), and the ring (200) are connected together through a stand column (203) and are positioned on the same vertical plane.
3. The electrolytic dehydration apparatus of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for hexafluorophosphate synthesis according to claim 2, wherein: the transmission network (201) is formed by combining and connecting a plurality of regular hexagonal fixed frames (011), and a through passage (010) is arranged between the fixed frames (011).
4. The electrolytic dehydration apparatus of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for hexafluorophosphate synthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: the suction structure (3) comprises a rotary pipe (31), the center of the rotary pipe (31) is a solid supporting column, the outer part of the rotary pipe is of a hollow spring structure, and the top end of the rotary pipe is connected with the bottom of the electrolytic tank (0) through a valve.
5. The electrolytic dehydration apparatus of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for hexafluorophosphate synthesis according to claim 4, wherein: the bottom of each circle of the inner wall of the rotary pipe (31) is locked with a flow groove (30), liquid flowing in the flow groove (30) is concentrated sulfuric acid, and the outlet of the rotary pipe (31) is buckled with a pump (32).
6. The electrolytic dehydration apparatus of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for hexafluorophosphate synthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: the height between the gas collecting cavity (1) and electrolyte liquid in the electrolytic bath (0) is 5 cm.
7. The electrolytic dehydration apparatus of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for hexafluorophosphate synthesis according to claim 2, wherein: the materials adopted by the outer ring (20), the inner ring (21) and all the internal structures can be any one of carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers and graphene.
8. The electrolytic dehydration apparatus of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for hexafluorophosphate synthesis according to claim 7, wherein: the height of the outer ring (20) and the inner ring (21) is higher than that of the part of the positive and negative electrode rods immersed in the solution.
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CN202010899342.7A CN111847385B (en) | 2020-08-31 | 2020-08-31 | Electrolytic dehydration device of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for hexafluorophosphate synthesis |
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2020
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Patent Citations (9)
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GB861978A (en) * | 1958-07-30 | 1961-03-01 | Ici Ltd | Improvements in or relating to a process for the electrolytic production of fluorineand apparatus therefor |
US4950370A (en) * | 1988-07-19 | 1990-08-21 | Liquid Air Corporation | Electrolytic gas generator |
CN1231348A (en) * | 1998-04-07 | 1999-10-13 | 黄衍政 | Hydrogen-oxygen mixed gas electrolysis, process and apparatus thereof |
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