CN111838752A - Cooling material for heating non-combustible cigarettes and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cooling material for heating non-combustible cigarettes and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111838752A CN111838752A CN202010629496.4A CN202010629496A CN111838752A CN 111838752 A CN111838752 A CN 111838752A CN 202010629496 A CN202010629496 A CN 202010629496A CN 111838752 A CN111838752 A CN 111838752A
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
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- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
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- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
- A24D1/20—Cigarettes specially adapted for simulated smoking devices
Landscapes
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a cooling material for heating non-combustible cigarettes and a preparation method thereof. Prepared by the processes of preparing a cooling base material and paper laminating. The preparation of the cooling base material comprises the following steps: heating 60-90 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol to 60-80 ℃ to completely melt the polyethylene glycol, adding 1-5 parts by weight of enhancing additive, 0-3 parts by weight of surfactant, 10-30 parts by weight of atomizing agent and 1-10 parts by weight of flavoring agent, stirring uniformly, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a cooling base material; the substrate is used to prepare a cooling material with an upper layer and a lower layer which are film-coated layers and a middle layer which is cellulose paper. The prepared cigarette can realize rapid cooling during smoking, increase the cigarette smoke quantity and aroma quantity, and improve the smoking quality of the cigarette.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cigarette processing and manufacturing, in particular to a cooling material for heating non-combustible cigarettes and a preparation method of the cooling material.
Background
The cigarette is heated without burning to obtain novel tobacco product, and the tobacco material is heated by heating element at about 300 deg.C. The tobacco material is atomized into aerosol (commonly called as smoke) at high temperature, and directly enters the oral cavity through the filter. In order to achieve sufficient aerosol experience, the filter material is required to reduce the adsorption of the aerosol as much as possible, and the temperature of the aerosol entering the cavity is high due to the limitation of the length of the filter material and the influence of high air flow velocity, so that a mouth of a consumer is easily scalded during experience.
The burning cone temperature can reach above 800 deg.C when the traditional cigarette is burnt, and the heating temperature of the cigarette without burning is far lower than the burning and sucking temperature of the traditional cigarette, so that only the nicotine substance and part of the aromatic substance can be released. Limited by heating temperature, the tobacco material is not cracked sufficiently, and the problems of insufficient smoke quantity, low aroma quantity and the like exist in the cigarette which is not heated and combusted.
The cigarette that does not burn of heating among the prior art has all adopted the cigarette design of multistage formula to handle the flue gas that the cigarette core section produced, and wherein the section of cooling is gathered together by the polylactic acid membrane through embossing processing and is formed, aims at reducing the flue gas temperature, but polylactic acid film still has following problem: 1. polylactic acid belongs to thermoplastic materials, and can deform after being heated to block part of smoke channels, so that the cooling effect is influenced and the smoke quantity is reduced; 2. limited by the length of the filter stick and the polylactic acid material, the flow rate of the flue gas is high, and the cooling amplitude is limited. The superheated smoke is quickly conducted, so that a consumer feels mouth burning when experiencing the superheated smoke; 3. the effective release of aromatic substances cannot be carried out due to the limitation of heating temperature, and the polylactic acid film is not easy to supplement fragrance.
Therefore, the present inventors have developed the technique based on the prior art by conducting a large number of studies and experiments and summarizing the results of the studies.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cooling material for a heating non-combustible cigarette and a preparation method thereof, wherein the cooling material for the heating non-combustible cigarette can realize rapid cooling when being smoked on a product, increase the cigarette smoke quantity and the fragrance quantity, and improve the cigarette smoking quality.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a cooling material for heating non-combustible cigarettes comprises the following steps:
A. preparation of cooling base material
Heating 60-90 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol to 60-80 ℃ to completely melt the polyethylene glycol, adding 1-5 parts by weight of enhancing additive, 0-3 parts by weight of surfactant, 10-30 parts by weight of atomizing agent and 1-10 parts by weight of flavoring agent, stirring uniformly, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a cooling base material;
B. paper film
B, adding the cooling base material obtained in the step A into a trough of a coating machine, heating to 60-80 ℃, preserving heat, respectively coating the cooling base material on cellulose paper on two sides by 10-50 g/square meter under the conditions that the unwinding tension of the coating machine is 5-20%, the winding tension is 25-55% and the vehicle speed is 50-80m/min, and cooling to room temperature for curing to obtain the cooling material with the upper layer as a coating layer 1 and the middle layer as a cellulose paper layer 2;
In the step A, the reinforcing auxiliary agent is at least one of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, chitosan, modified starch, beta-cyclodextrin and polyvinyl alcohol;
in the step A, the surfactant is at least one of span 60, span 80, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyglycerol ester, Tween 60, Tween 80 and soybean lecithin;
in the step A, the atomizing agent is at least one of food-grade propylene glycol, glycerin, glycerol monoacetate, glycerol diacetate and glycerol triacetate;
further, in step B, said cellulose paper has a basis weight of from 40 to 100 grams per square meter.
Further, in the step A, the melting point of the cooling base material is 40-60 ℃.
The invention also relates to the cooling material for the cigarette which is prepared by the preparation method and is not combusted by heating.
In the invention, when the weight part of the polyethylene glycol is 60-90 parts, the weight parts of the enhancing additive is 1-5 parts, the weight parts of the surfactant is 0-3 parts, the weight parts of the atomizing agent is 10-30 parts, and the weight parts of the flavoring agent is 1-10 parts, so that the preparation process and the quality of the cooling base material are stable, and the combination effect between the film coating layer and the cellulose paper is good. If the enhancing auxiliary agent, the surfactant, the atomizing agent and the flavoring agent exceed respective use ranges, namely the using amount is lower than the lower use limit or higher than the upper use limit, the preparation process and the quality stability of the cooling base material are poor, and the combination effect between the film coating layer and the cellulose paper is poor.
The enhancement additive is used for ensuring the stability of the preparation process and the quality of the cooling base material and enhancing the binding force between the film coating layer and the cellulose paper layer.
In the invention, the polyethylene glycol is a water phase system, and water-soluble and alcohol-soluble substances and the polyethylene glycol have better compatibility, but oily substances can be layered and separated out in the system. The role of the surfactant in the present invention is to change the surface tension of the components in the mixed system, preventing the droplets from aggregating with each other, while maintaining a uniform emulsion. After repeated experiments, the applicant finds that the compounded emulsifier has good synergistic interaction effect, and even a smaller amount of the compounded emulsifier can enable the mixed system to achieve the dispersion effect.
In the invention, the atomizing agent is used for improving the smoking effect of the cooling base material and enhancing the smoke atomization effect in product application.
In the invention, the main function of the flavoring agent is to supplement the cigarette fragrance and endow the cigarette with unique fragrance characteristics. The flavoring agent can be one or more selected from tobacco flavoring agents, flower flavoring agents, fruit flavoring agents, tea flavoring agents, herb flavoring agents, wine flavoring agents, milk flavoring agents and mint flavoring agents.
In the invention, the melting point of the cooling base material is 40-60 ℃. When the melting point of the cooling base material is lower than 40 ℃, fluid substances are diffused on the cooling material during natural storage and outdoor transportation, so that the storage and the use are influenced; when the melting point of the cooling base material is higher than 60 ℃, the viscosity is increased in a molten state, the hardness is large after solidification, and the preparation process and the quality stability are reduced. Therefore, it is reasonable to lower the melting point of the base material to 40-60 ℃.
In the present invention, the cellulose paper has a basis weight of from 40 to 100 grams per square meter. The cellulose paper used in the present invention is a commercially available product.
The invention also relates to the cooling material for the cigarette which is prepared by the preparation method and is not combusted by heating. Compared with the conventional cigarette which is heated and does not burn, the cooling material for the cigarette which is heated and does not burn can realize rapid cooling when being smoked on the product, increase the cigarette smoke quantity and the fragrance quantity, and improve the smoking quality of the cigarette.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the cooling material has a three-layer structure, and the contact areas of the upper and lower film coating layers and smoke are large when the cigarette is smoked, so that heat can be quickly absorbed and stored, and the cooling can be realized. Meanwhile, the cellulose paper has low thermal conductivity, so that heat transmission is reduced, and the mouth is not scalded in the suction process;
2. the film coating layer absorbs heat quickly, so that an atomizing agent is released and enters smoke, the smoke quantity of cigarettes is increased, and another way is provided for cooling along with heat absorption in the atomizing process;
3. by using the aroma supplementing technology, the amount of aroma of the cigarette is sufficient, the aroma is richer, and the consumption experience of the cigarette is enhanced. Meanwhile, the surface tension among the mixed components is changed by the surfactant, the compatibility of water-soluble, alcohol-soluble and oil-soluble substances is considered by introducing the hydrophilic and oleophilic groups, the selection of the flavor enhancer is wider, and an effective way is provided for the development of multi-flavor heating non-combustible cigarette products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling material according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a film coating layer; 2. a cellulose paper ply.
Detailed Description
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples do not specify particular techniques or conditions, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available by purchase.
Example 1:
a preparation method of a cooling material for a cigarette which is not combusted by heating comprises the following specific steps:
A. preparation of cooling base material
Heating 70 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol to 60 ℃ to completely melt the polyethylene glycol, adding 3 parts by weight of chitosan and sodium alginate (the weight ratio is 1: 1), 2 parts by weight of sucrose fatty acid ester, 15 parts by weight of glycerin and 10 parts by weight of tobacco essence, uniformly stirring, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a cooling base material with a melting point of 50 ℃;
B. paper film
And C, adding the cooling base material obtained in the step A into a trough of a coating machine, heating to 60 ℃, preserving heat, coating the cooling base material on cellulose paper with the quantitative ratio of 80 g/square meter by double-sided coating of 30 g/square meter under the conditions that the unwinding tension of the coating machine is 5%, the winding tension is 25% and the vehicle speed is 50m/min, cooling to room temperature, and curing to obtain the cooling material with the upper layer as a coating layer 1 and the middle layer as a cellulose paper layer 2.
Under the same conditions, the cigarette in the prior art and the cigarette using the cooling material for the heating non-combustible cigarette are respectively evaluated for the aroma amount, richness, smoke amount, uniformity and comfort (each item is counted by 10 minutes) by organizing related smoke evaluation experts according to a cigarette sensory evaluation method; the simulated smoking was carried out according to the cigarette smoking model specified in the national standard YC/T29-1996, and the temperature of the cigarettes was measured by a K-type thermocouple, the results of which are shown in Table 1.
Example 2:
a preparation method of a cooling material for a cigarette which is not combusted by heating comprises the following specific steps:
A. preparation of cooling base material
Heating 90 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol to 60 ℃ to completely melt the polyethylene glycol, adding 5 parts by weight of chitosan, surfactant-free, 30 parts by weight of glycerol and propylene glycol (weight ratio is 7: 3) and 1 part by weight of super-cool mint essence (alcohol-soluble), stirring uniformly, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a cooling base material with a melting point of 40 ℃;
B. paper film
And C, adding the cooling base material obtained in the step A into a trough of a coating machine, heating to 70 ℃, preserving heat, coating the cooling base material on cellulose paper with a quantitative rate of 40 g/square meter at double sides by 10 g/square meter under the conditions that the unwinding tension of the coating machine is 20%, the winding tension is 55% and the vehicle speed is 80m/min, cooling to room temperature, and curing to obtain the cooling material with the upper layer as a coating layer 1 and the middle layer as a cellulose paper layer 2.
The evaluation method was the same as in example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Example 3:
a preparation method of a cooling material for a cigarette which is not combusted by heating comprises the following specific steps:
A. preparation of cooling base material
Heating 60 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol to 80 ℃ to completely melt the polyethylene glycol, adding 3 parts by weight of chitosan, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol and modified starch (the mass ratio is 1:1: 1: 1), 2 parts by weight of polyglycerol ester, 10 parts by weight of glycerol monoacetate, glycerol diacetate and glycerol triacetate (the mass ratio is 1:1: 1) and 8 parts by weight of fructus aurantii immaturus essential oil (oil solution), stirring uniformly, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a cooling base material with the melting point of 60 ℃;
B. paper film
And C, adding the cooling base material obtained in the step A into a trough of a coating machine, heating to 80 ℃, preserving heat, coating the cooling base material on 100 g/square meter cellulose paper in a double-sided film manner by 50 g/square meter under the conditions that the unwinding tension of the coating machine is 15%, the winding tension is 35% and the vehicle speed is 50m/min, cooling to room temperature, and curing to obtain the cooling material with the upper layer and the lower layer as film coating layers 1 and the middle layer as a cellulose paper layer 2.
The evaluation method was the same as in example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Example 4:
a preparation method of a cooling material for a cigarette which is not combusted by heating comprises the following specific steps:
A. Preparation of cooling base material
Heating 70 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol to 70 ℃ to completely melt the polyethylene glycol, adding 1 part by weight of sodium alginate + beta-cyclodextrin (the weight ratio is 2: 1), 3 parts by weight of span 80+ tween 80 (the mass ratio is 1: 1), 20 parts by weight of glycerol and 5 parts by weight of Broussonetia papyrifera essential oil (oil soluble) + super-cool mint essence (the weight ratio is 1: 1), stirring uniformly, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a cooling base material with the melting point of 55 ℃;
B. paper film
And C, adding the cooling base material obtained in the step A into a trough of a coating machine, heating to 70 ℃, preserving heat, coating the cooling base material on cellulose paper with a fixed quantity of 50 g/square meter in a double-sided film manner by 15 g/square meter under the conditions that the unwinding tension of the coating machine is 5%, the winding tension is 25% and the vehicle speed is 60m/min, cooling to room temperature, and curing to obtain the cooling material with the upper layer and the lower layer as film coating layers 1 and the middle layer as a cellulose paper layer 2.
The evaluation method was the same as in example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Example 5:
a preparation method of a cooling material for a cigarette which is not combusted by heating comprises the following specific steps:
A. preparation of cooling base material
Heating 80 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol to 65 ℃ to completely melt the polyethylene glycol, adding 4 parts by weight of chitosan and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (the weight ratio is 1: 1), 1 part by weight of tween 60 and span 60 (the weight ratio is 1: 1), 15 parts by weight of glycerol and propylene glycol (the weight ratio is 3: 2) and 5 parts by weight of rose essence and green tea essence (the mass ratio is 2: 3), uniformly stirring, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a cooling base material with the melting point of 45 ℃;
B. Paper film
And C, adding the cooling base material obtained in the step A into a trough of a coating machine, heating to 65 ℃, preserving heat, coating the cooling base material on cellulose paper with a fixed quantity of 70 g/square meter in a double-sided manner by 25 g/square meter under the conditions that the unwinding tension of the coating machine is 15%, the winding tension is 45% and the vehicle speed is 70m/min, cooling to room temperature, and curing to obtain the cooling material with the upper layer and the lower layer as coating layers 1 and the middle layer as a cellulose paper layer 2.
The evaluation method was the same as in example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 temperature test and sensory evaluation results
The temperature test data and sensory quality scoring results in table 1 show that: the cooling material can effectively reduce the highest temperature of the smoke to be more than 20 ℃, and the smoke enters the oral cavity at a comfortable and acceptable smoke temperature; by the fragrance supplementing technology, the fragrance amount and the richness are improved; meanwhile, the cigarette smoke quantity and the uniformity of the cigarette are improved, and the sensory smoking quality of the whole cigarette is greatly improved.
In the invention:
polyethylene glycol belongs to temperature-sensitive phase-change materials, and the phase-change temperature of polyethylene glycol with different molecular weights for changing from solid state to liquid state is different between 35 ℃ and 64 ℃. In the process of solid-liquid phase transition, the heat absorption process is accompanied, so that the purpose of temperature reduction is achieved. The polyethylene glycol of the present invention is a commercially available product, such as that sold under the trade name polyethylene glycol by food additives limited of the source of the south and river sea.
The reinforcing auxiliary agent is at least one of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, chitosan, modified starch, beta-cyclodextrin and polyvinyl alcohol. These reinforcing aids are all commercially available products such as those sold under the trade name sodium carboxymethylcellulose by national institutes, sodium alginate by Qingdao Mingyue, chitosan by national institutes, carboxymethyl starch by national starch, beta-cyclodextrin by national institutes, and polyvinyl alcohol by national institutes.
The atomizing agent is at least one selected from food-grade propylene glycol, glycerol monoacetate, glycerol diacetate and glycerol triacetate. These are all products which are marketed, for example, by the company CeAnaravia under the trade name propylene glycol, by the company Jinan Zeus under the trade name glycerol, by the company Yixing Nature chemical Co., Ltd under the trade name glycerol diacetate, and by the company Yixing Nature chemical Co., Ltd under the trade name glycerol triacetate.
The surfactant is at least one selected from span 60, span 80, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyglycerol ester, tween 60, tween 80, and soybean phospholipid. The span 60, span 80, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyglycerol ester, tween 60, tween 80 and soybean lecithin in the invention are all products sold in the market at present; such as span 60, span 80, tween 60, tween 80, sold under the trade names S-60, S-80, T-60, T-80 respectively by chen taixin lanxing company, products sold under the trade name polyglycerol oleate by the company seshan foundary biolnew materials, products sold under the trade name sucrose fatty acid ester by the company jinhe, hangzhou, and soybean phospholipids sold under the trade name lecithin by the company pioneer phospholipid, anhui.
The tobacco flavor enhancer is selected from tobacco flavor, the flower flavor enhancer is selected from rose flavor, the fruit flavor enhancer is selected from orange flavor, the tea flavor enhancer is selected from Tieguanyin flavor, the herb flavor enhancer is selected from Chinese herbal medicine flavor, the wine flavor enhancer is selected from white spirit flavor, the milk flavor enhancer is selected from milk flavor, and the mint flavor enhancer is selected from mint flavor. The flavoring agents are commercially available products such as tobacco essence, rose essence, Broussonetia papyrifera essence, Tieguanyin essence, Chinese herbal medicine essence, liquor essence, milk essence, and super-cool mint essence, which are sold under the trade names of Huabao (Shanghai) essence.
The cellulose paper used in the present invention is a commercially available product, such as that sold under the trade name cellulose paper by folk-rich specialty paper, inc. The coating machine used for the coating is commercially available, for example, from Haoyu machines, Inc., of Regan under the name of coating machine TB-1200.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a cooling material for heating non-combustible cigarettes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. preparation of cooling base material
Heating 60-90 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol to 60-80 ℃ to completely melt the polyethylene glycol, adding 1-5 parts by weight of enhancing additive, 0-3 parts by weight of surfactant, 10-30 parts by weight of atomizing agent and 1-10 parts by weight of flavoring agent, stirring uniformly, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a cooling base material;
B. Paper film
B, adding the cooling base material obtained in the step A into a trough of a coating machine, heating to 60-80 ℃, preserving heat, respectively coating the cooling base material on cellulose paper on two sides by 10-50 g/square meter under the conditions that the unwinding tension of the coating machine is 5-20%, the winding tension is 25-55% and the vehicle speed is 50-80m/min, and cooling to room temperature for curing to obtain the cooling material with the upper layer as a coating layer 1 and the middle layer as a cellulose paper layer 2;
the reinforcing auxiliary agent is at least one of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, chitosan, modified starch, beta-cyclodextrin and polyvinyl alcohol;
the surfactant is at least one of span 60, span 80, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyglycerol ester, tween 60, tween 80 and soybean lecithin;
the atomizing agent is at least one of food-grade propylene glycol, glycerin, glycerol monoacetate, glycerol diacetate and glycerol triacetate.
2. The method for producing a temperature reducing material for a cigarette which is not burned by heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: the melting point of the cooling base material is 40-60 ℃.
3. The method for producing a temperature reducing material for a cigarette which is not burned by heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cellulose paper has a quantitative content of 40-100 g/square meter.
4. A temperature-reducing material for a heat non-combustible cigarette produced by the method for producing a temperature-reducing material for a heat non-combustible cigarette according to claim 1.
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