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CN111837646B - Automatic threshing machine for scientific research and breeding and method thereof - Google Patents

Automatic threshing machine for scientific research and breeding and method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111837646B
CN111837646B CN202010755448.XA CN202010755448A CN111837646B CN 111837646 B CN111837646 B CN 111837646B CN 202010755448 A CN202010755448 A CN 202010755448A CN 111837646 B CN111837646 B CN 111837646B
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servo motor
threshing
conveyor belt
automatic
program controller
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CN111837646A (en
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葛文军
张纯
张燕军
张善文
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Yangzhou University
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Yangzhou University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F7/00Threshing apparatus
    • A01F7/02Threshing apparatus with rotating tools
    • A01F7/04Threshing apparatus with rotating tools with axles transverse to the feeding direction
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/10Feeders
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/18Threshing devices
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/46Mechanical grain conveyors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/56Driving mechanisms for the threshing parts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/58Control devices; Brakes; Bearings

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Conveyors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种科研育种用自动化脱粒机及其方法,包括自动传送机构、脱粒机构、清理机构、智能输送机构和自动包装机构,所述自动传送机构安装于脱粒机构的上方,正对脱粒机构的喂料口,脱粒机构与清理机构由通道连接相通,清理机构下方设簸箕漏斗,簸箕漏斗正下方设有智能输送机构,智能输送机构中传送带的传送带末端与自动包装机构衔接;所述自动传送机构包括传送链、第一伺服电机,第一伺服电机的动力输出轴与传送链传动连接,传送链由第一伺服电机控制;所述传送链上设有间隔分布的若干挂钩,转动传送链,挂钩可与脱粒机构的喂料口中心位置对应;通过本发明,能够自动精准、快速的收集脱粒后的种子。

Figure 202010755448

The invention relates to an automatic threshing machine for scientific research and breeding and a method thereof, comprising an automatic transmission mechanism, a threshing mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, an intelligent conveying mechanism and an automatic packaging mechanism. The automatic transmission mechanism is installed above the threshing mechanism and faces the threshing mechanism. The feeding port, the threshing mechanism and the cleaning mechanism are connected by a channel, a dustpan funnel is arranged below the cleaning mechanism, and an intelligent conveying mechanism is arranged directly under the dustpan funnel, and the end of the conveyor belt in the intelligent conveying mechanism is connected with the automatic packaging mechanism; The mechanism includes a transmission chain and a first servo motor, the power output shaft of the first servo motor is connected with the transmission chain, and the transmission chain is controlled by the first servo motor; The hook can correspond to the central position of the feeding port of the threshing mechanism; through the invention, the threshed seeds can be collected automatically, accurately and quickly.

Figure 202010755448

Description

Automatic threshing machine for scientific research and breeding and method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to threshing equipment used for scientific research and breeding, in particular to an automatic threshing machine and a method thereof used for scientific research and breeding, and belongs to the technical field of intelligent agriculture.
Background
With the development of agricultural science and technology, the requirements on seeds in agricultural scientific research breeding are higher and higher, for example, the requirements on completeness, cleanness, other residues and no mixing of each rice seed and each wheat seed in the breeding and threshing process of rice and wheat are very strict; otherwise, the purity, germination rate, emergence rate and the like of the seeds are affected, and breeding experimental data are distorted. In the scientific research and breeding process, the seed ears of each plant must be threshed and bagged, and then the information of number, label quantity and weight is necessary, but the skilled personnel are not enough in busy seasons, and the main contradiction is to be solved: the skilled person is occupied when the skilled person is not enough to use the work of numbering, quantity marking, weight marking and the like.
The existing seed threshing mechanical equipment adopts manual feeding, seeds are manually collected after threshing and placed into paper bags for numbering, then the weight and the counting number are obtained, so that a lot of manpower resources are occupied, the speed is slow, the main contradiction of busy seasons cannot be solved, and a novel threshing machine with high automation and intelligent degree must be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the existing problems and provides an automatic threshing machine for scientific research and breeding and a method thereof.
The invention aims to realize the purpose, and the automatic threshing machine for scientific research and breeding comprises an automatic conveying mechanism, a threshing mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, an intelligent conveying mechanism and an automatic packaging mechanism, and is characterized in that the automatic conveying mechanism is arranged above the threshing mechanism and is over against a feeding port of the threshing mechanism, the threshing mechanism is communicated with the cleaning mechanism through a channel, a dustpan hopper is arranged below the cleaning mechanism, the intelligent conveying mechanism is arranged under the dustpan hopper, and the tail end of a conveying belt of the conveying belt in the intelligent conveying mechanism is connected with the automatic packaging mechanism;
the automatic conveying mechanism comprises a conveying chain and a first servo motor, a power output shaft of the first servo motor is connected with the conveying chain in a transmission manner, and the conveying chain is controlled by the first servo motor; the conveying chain is provided with a plurality of hooks which are distributed at intervals, and the hooks can correspond to the center of a feeding opening of the threshing mechanism by rotating the conveying chain;
the threshing mechanism comprises a second servo motor, a threshing disc and a threshing machine shell, a threshing cavity is arranged in the threshing machine shell, the threshing disc is arranged in the threshing cavity, a power output shaft of the second servo motor is in transmission connection with the threshing disc, and the threshing disc rotates along with the rotation of the power output shaft of the second servo motor; a feeding port is arranged on the threshing machine shell opposite to the hook on the conveying chain, and the feeding port is upward and downward inclined;
the cleaning mechanism comprises an air channel, a dustpan hopper is arranged outside the lower part of the air channel, and a threshing cavity of the threshing mechanism is communicated with the air channel of the cleaning mechanism through a channel;
the intelligent conveying mechanism comprises a third servo motor, a conveying belt, a collection box and a moving device, wherein a power output shaft of the third servo motor is in transmission connection with the conveying belt, the third servo motor controls the conveying belt to rotate, the collection boxes are bonded on the conveying belt at intervals, a light sensing counter, an electronic weighing machine and a wireless transmitter are arranged at the bottom of each collection box, and the tail end of the conveying belt is connected with the automatic packaging mechanism;
the automatic packaging mechanism comprises a coding machine and an automatic packaging machine;
a moving device is arranged in the transverse direction of the conveyor belt and is in transmission connection with a power output shaft of a fourth servo motor, and the power output shaft of the fourth servo motor rotates to drive the moving device to move along the transverse direction of the conveyor belt, so that the conveyor belt is driven to move in the transverse direction;
the automatic packaging machine is characterized by further comprising a PLC, a wireless receiver is arranged in the PLC, and the first servo motor, the second servo motor, the third servo motor, the fourth servo motor, the light sensation counter, the electronic weighing device, the wireless transmitter, the wireless receiver, the coding machine and the automatic packaging machine are connected with the PLC.
The feeding opening is upward and downward inclined by a set angle beta, and beta = 30-45 degrees.
And the fourth servo motor controls the whole conveyor belt to move transversely at different speeds.
The material of collecting the box is transparent smooth plate, and the vertical both sides of collecting the box are chain structure.
A use method of an automatic threshing machine for scientific research and breeding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, inputting a debugged running operation program into a PLC program controller; starting a PLC (programmable logic controller) to hang each wheat seed ear on a hook of the conveying chain, and starting a first servo motor by the PLC to control a power output shaft of the first servo motor to rotate so as to control the conveying chain to run; when a seed ear enters from the inclined feeding port, the PLC controls the first servo motor to enable the conveying chain to stay for a set time, and the seed ear is threshed under the action of the threshing disc controlled by the second servo motor to form seed grains.
Secondly, the threshed seeds enter a cleaning mechanism from a channel, and the seeds are cleaned by an air channel and then slide into a collecting box of the intelligent conveying mechanism from a dustpan hopper;
thirdly, the PLC controls a light sensation counter and an electronic weighing machine at the bottom of the collecting box to work, the sensed seed quantity and weight are sent through a wireless transmitter, and a wireless receiver in the PLC receives and transmits the information to the PLC;
fourthly, the PLC controls a fourth servo motor to work, the whole conveyor belt moves transversely at different speeds, and finally returns to the initial position; the PLC controls a light-sensitive counter and an electronic weighing machine at the bottom of the collecting box to work, the sensed seed quantity and weight are sent by a wireless transmitter, and a wireless receiver in the PLC receives the information again and transmits the information to the PLC;
fifthly, the PLC performs average processing on the seed quantity and weight data obtained twice and then stores the processed data;
sixthly, the PLC controls a third servo motor to work to enable the conveyor belt to operate, the seed collecting box is moved to the position of the tail end of the conveyor belt, meanwhile, the PLC controls the coding machine to code the number, the weight and the serial number of the seeds on the packaging bags, and after the coding is finished, the automatic packaging mechanism opens the packaging bags with the seed information; at the moment, the seed receiving box just reaches the automatic packaging mechanism;
seventhly, the PLC controls the conveyor belt to continuously operate, so that the seed receiving box reversely operates downwards, and meanwhile, the seeds are poured into the packaging bag;
and step eight, the PLC controls the transmission chain to move forwards to perform the automatic threshing, counting, weighing, numbering and packaging of the next seed ear.
The invention has reasonable structure and convenient use, and provides an automatic thresher for scientific research and breeding and a method thereof aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the existing separation mechanical technology, in particular to the automatic collection and automatic numbering of seed information (weight and quantity) after threshing of rice seeds and wheat seeds. The threshing and collecting device provides guarantee for automation and intelligent precision of work from feeding to seed collection in later periods in scientific research and breeding processes, solves the main contradiction that skilled personnel are not enough in busy seasons, and saves human resources. The invention realizes that each seed ear is automatically and uninterruptedly sent into a threshing machine during threshing, the threshed seeds are automatically, accurately and quickly collected, the collected seeds are automatically weighed, counted and marked by codes, and the use summary and multiple improvements of a front-line experimenter are carried out, so that the using effect is very good.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the mobile device of the present invention.
In the figure, a cleaning mechanism 1, an air channel 2, a dustpan hopper 3, a channel 4, a moving device 5, a fourth servo motor 6, an intelligent conveying mechanism 7, a conveying belt end 8, a third servo motor 9, a seed collecting box 10, a conveying belt 11, a collecting box longitudinal two sides 12, a PLC (programmable logic controller) 13, a threshing mechanism 14, a feeding opening 15, a second servo motor 16, a hook 17, a conveying chain 18, an automatic conveying mechanism 19 and a first servo motor 20 are arranged.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
An automatic threshing machine for scientific research and breeding comprises an automatic conveying mechanism 19, a threshing mechanism 14, a cleaning mechanism 1, an intelligent conveying mechanism 7 and an automatic packaging mechanism, wherein the automatic conveying mechanism is installed above the threshing mechanism 14 and is right opposite to a feeding port of the threshing mechanism 14, the threshing mechanism 14 is communicated with the cleaning mechanism 1 through a channel 4, a dustpan hopper 3 is arranged below the cleaning mechanism 1, the intelligent conveying mechanism 7 is arranged under the dustpan hopper 3, and the tail end 8 of a conveying belt of the conveying belt in the intelligent conveying mechanism 7 is connected with the automatic packaging mechanism;
the automatic transmission mechanism comprises a transmission chain 18 and a first servo motor 20, wherein a power output shaft of the first servo motor 20 is in transmission connection with the transmission chain 18, and the transmission chain 18 is controlled by the first servo motor 20; a plurality of hooks 17 distributed at intervals are arranged on the conveying chain 18, the conveying chain 18 is rotated, and the hooks 17 can correspond to the center of a feeding opening of the threshing mechanism 14;
the threshing mechanism 14 comprises a second servo motor 16, a threshing disc and a threshing shell, a threshing cavity is arranged in the threshing shell, the threshing disc is arranged in the threshing cavity, a power output shaft of the second servo motor 16 is in transmission connection with the threshing disc, and the threshing disc rotates along with the rotation of the power output shaft of the second servo motor 16; a feeding port 15 is arranged on the threshing machine shell opposite to a hook 17 on a conveying chain 18, and the feeding port 15 is upward and downward inclined;
the cleaning mechanism 1 comprises an air duct 2, a dustpan hopper 3 is arranged outside the lower part of the air duct 2, and a threshing cavity of the threshing mechanism 14 is communicated with the air duct 2 of the cleaning mechanism 1 through a channel 4, so that the threshing cavity is communicated with the air duct 2;
the intelligent conveying mechanism 7 comprises a third servo motor 9, a conveying belt 11, collecting boxes 10 and a moving device 5, a power output shaft of the third servo motor 9 is in transmission connection with the conveying belt 11, the third servo motor 9 controls the conveying belt 11 to rotate, the conveying belt 11 is provided with the collecting boxes 10 in an adhering mode at intervals, the bottoms of the collecting boxes 10 are provided with a light-sensitive counter, an electronic weighing device and a wireless transmitter, and the tail end 8 of the conveying belt is connected with an automatic packaging mechanism;
the automatic packaging mechanism comprises a coding machine and an automatic packaging machine;
a moving device 5 is arranged in the transverse direction of the conveyor belt 11, the moving device 5 is in transmission connection with a power output shaft of a fourth servo motor 6, and the rotation of the power output shaft of the fourth servo motor 6 drives the moving device 5 to move along the transverse direction of the conveyor belt 11, so that the conveyor belt 11 is driven to move in the transverse direction;
the automatic packaging machine is further provided with a PLC (programmable logic controller) 13, a wireless receiver is arranged in the PLC 13, and a first servo motor 20, a second servo motor 16, a third servo motor 9, a fourth servo motor 6, a light sensation counter, an electronic weighing device, a wireless transmitter, a wireless receiver, a coding machine and an automatic packaging machine are connected with the PLC 13.
Further, the feeding port 15 is inclined upward and downward by a set angle β. The fourth servo motor 6 controls the whole conveyor belt 11 to move transversely at different speeds. The collecting box 10 is made of transparent smooth plate materials, and the longitudinal two sides 12 of the collecting box 10 are in chain structures.
When in use, the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, inputting a debugged running operation program into a PLC (programmable logic controller) 13; starting the PLC 13 to hang each wheat seed ear on a hook 17 of the transmission chain 18, and starting the first servo motor 20 by the PLC 13 to control the power output shaft of the first servo motor 20 to rotate so as to control the transmission chain 18 to run; when a seed ear enters from the inclined feeding opening 15, the PLC 13 controls the first servo motor 20 to make the transmission chain 18 stay for several seconds (set time), and the seed ear is threshed under the action of the threshing disc controlled by the second servo motor 16 to form seed grains.
Secondly, the threshed seeds enter the cleaning mechanism 1 from the channel 4, and the seeds are cleaned by the air channel 2 and then slide into the collecting box 10 of the intelligent conveying mechanism 7 from the dustpan hopper 3;
thirdly, the PLC 13 controls a light sensing counter and an electronic weighing machine at the bottom of the collecting box 10 to work, the sensed seed quantity and weight are sent by a wireless transmitter, and a wireless receiver in the PLC 13 receives and transmits the information to the PLC 13;
fourthly, the PLC 13 controls the fourth servo motor 6 to work, the whole conveyor belt 11 transversely moves at different speeds, and finally returns to the initial position; the PLC 13 controls the light-sensitive counter and the electronic weighing machine at the bottom of the collecting box 10 to work, the sensed seed quantity and weight are sent by the wireless transmitter, and the wireless receiver in the PLC 13 receives the information again and transmits the information to the PLC 13;
fifthly, the PLC 13 performs average processing on the seed quantity and weight data obtained twice and then stores the processed data;
sixthly, the PLC 13 controls the third servo motor 9 to work, so that the conveyor belt 11 runs, the seed receiving box 10 is moved to the position of the tail end 8 of the conveyor belt 11, meanwhile, the PLC 13 controls the coding machine to code the number, the weight and the serial number of the seeds on the packaging bags, and after the coding is finished, the automatic packaging mechanism opens the packaging bags with the seed information; at this time, the seed receiving box 10 just reaches the automatic packaging mechanism;
seventhly, the PLC 13 controls the conveyor belt 11 to continue to operate, so that the seed receiving box 10 reversely operates downwards, and meanwhile, the seeds are poured into the packaging bag;
and step eight, the PLC 13 controls the transmission chain 18 to move forwards to perform the work of automatic threshing, counting, weighing, numbering and packaging of the next seed ear.
In the using process, only the seed ears need to be hung on the hooks 17 of the conveying chain 18 manually, all the other operations are automatically carried out, each seed ear is automatically and uninterruptedly sent into a threshing machine, the threshing is automatically carried out, the seeds are automatically, accurately and quickly collected after threshing, the collected seed information is marked, and finally, the seeds are automatically packaged. The main contradiction that skilled personnel are not enough in busy seasons is solved, and manpower resources are saved. Through the use of first-line experimenters, the effect is very good.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an automatic thresher for scientific research and breeding comprises an automatic conveying mechanism 19, a threshing mechanism 14, a cleaning mechanism 1, an intelligent conveying mechanism 12 and an automatic packaging mechanism, wherein the automatic conveying mechanism 19 is arranged above the threshing mechanism 14 and is opposite to a feeding port 15 of the threshing mechanism 14, the threshing mechanism 14 is communicated with the cleaning mechanism 1 through a channel 4, a dustpan hopper 3 is arranged below the cleaning mechanism 1, the intelligent conveying mechanism 7 is arranged right below the dustpan hopper 3, and the tail end of a conveying belt 11 in the intelligent conveying mechanism 7 is connected with the automatic packaging mechanism;
the automatic conveying mechanism 19 comprises a conveying chain 18 controlled by a first servo motor 20, hooks 17 are arranged on the conveying chain 18 at intervals around the circumference, and the hooks 17 correspond to the center of the feeding port 15 of the threshing mechanism 14;
the threshing mechanism 14 comprises a second servo motor control 16 and a threshing disc, a feeding opening 15 is arranged at a position right facing a hook 17 of a conveying chain 18, the feeding opening 15 faces upwards and inclines downwards at a certain angle beta, the threshed seeds enter the cleaning mechanism 1 through a channel 4, the cleaning mechanism 1 is composed of an air channel 2, a dustpan hopper 3 is arranged outside the lower part of the air channel 2, and the cleaned seeds slide into a collecting box 10 of the intelligent conveying mechanism 7 from the dustpan hopper 3;
the intelligent conveying mechanism 7 comprises a third servo motor 9, a conveying belt 11, a collecting box 10 and a moving device 5; third servo motor 19 control conveyer belt 11 rotates, bonds at certain position at conveyer belt 11 interval and sets up a plurality of collection boxes 10, and conveyer belt 11 end 8 links up with automatic packaging machine, automatic packaging machine comprises coding machine and automatic packaging machine, and the horizontal direction of conveyer belt 11 is equipped with mobile device 5. The moving device 5 is a device which controls the fourth servo motor 6 to move the whole conveyor belt 11 transversely at unequal speeds; the collecting box 10 is made of a transparent smooth plate, the bottom of the collecting box 10 is provided with a light sensation counter, an electronic weighing device and a wireless transmitter, and the longitudinal two sides 12 of the collecting box 10 are in a chain structure; the feeding port 15 is inclined downwards by an angle beta = 30-45 degrees; a wireless receiver is arranged in the PLC 13; the first servo motor 20, the second servo motor 16, the third servo motor 9, the fourth servo motor control 6, the light sensing counter, the electronic weighing device, the wireless transmitter, the wireless receiver, the code printer and the automatic packaging machine are connected with the PLC 13.

Claims (5)

1.一种科研育种用自动化脱粒机,包括自动传送机构(19)、脱粒机构(14)、清理机构(1)、智能输送机构(7)和自动包装机构,其特征是,所述自动传送机构安装于脱粒机构(14)的上方,正对脱粒机构(14)的喂料口,脱粒机构(14)与清理机构(1)由通道(4)连接相通,清理机构(1)下方设簸箕漏斗(3),簸箕漏斗(3)正下方设有智能输送机构(7),智能输送机构(7)中传送带的传送带末端(8)与自动包装机构衔接;1. An automatic thresher for scientific research and breeding, comprising an automatic transmission mechanism (19), a threshing mechanism (14), a cleaning mechanism (1), an intelligent conveying mechanism (7) and an automatic packaging mechanism, characterized in that the automatic transmission The mechanism is installed above the threshing mechanism (14), facing the feeding port of the threshing mechanism (14). The funnel (3) and the dustpan funnel (3) are provided with an intelligent conveying mechanism (7), and the conveyor end (8) of the conveyor belt in the intelligent conveying mechanism (7) is connected with the automatic packaging mechanism; 所述自动传送机构包括传送链(18)、第一伺服电机(20),第一伺服电机(20)的动力输出轴与传送链(18)传动连接,传送链(18)由第一伺服电机(20)控制;所述传送链(18)上设有间隔分布的若干挂钩(17),转动传送链(18),挂钩(17)可与脱粒机构(14)的喂料口中心位置对应;The automatic transmission mechanism comprises a transmission chain (18) and a first servo motor (20), the power output shaft of the first servo motor (20) is drivingly connected with the transmission chain (18), and the transmission chain (18) is driven by the first servo motor (20) Control; the conveying chain (18) is provided with several hooks (17) distributed at intervals, the conveying chain (18) is rotated, and the hooks (17) can correspond to the central position of the feeding port of the threshing mechanism (14); 所述脱粒机构(14)包括第二伺服电机(16)、脱粒盘、脱粒机壳,脱粒机壳内设有脱粒腔,脱粒盘置于脱粒腔内,且第二伺服电机(16)的动力输出轴与脱粒盘传动连接,脱粒盘随第二伺服电机(16)的动力输出轴的转动而转动;所述脱粒机壳上正对传送链(18)上的挂钩(17)处设喂料口(15),喂料口(15)朝上并向下倾斜;The threshing mechanism (14) includes a second servo motor (16), a threshing disc, and a threshing machine casing. The threshing machine casing is provided with a threshing cavity, the threshing disc is placed in the threshing cavity, and the power of the second servo motor (16) The output shaft is drivingly connected with the threshing disc, and the threshing disc rotates with the rotation of the power output shaft of the second servo motor (16). The mouth (15), the feeding mouth (15) faces upward and slopes downward; 所述清理机构(1)包括风道(2),风道(2)的下方外面设有簸箕漏斗(3),脱粒机构(14)的脱粒腔与清理机构(1)的风道(2)通过通道(4)连接相通;The cleaning mechanism (1) comprises an air duct (2), a dustpan funnel (3) is provided below the air duct (2), a threshing cavity of the threshing mechanism (14) and an air duct (2) of the cleaning mechanism (1) Connected through channel (4); 所述智能输送机构(7)包括第三伺服电机(9)、传送带(11)、收集盒(10)、移动装置(5),第三伺服电机(9)的动力输出轴与传送带(11)传动连接,第三伺服电机(9)控制传送带(11)转动,在传送带(11)上间隔粘接设置有多个收集盒(10),收集盒(10)底部设有光感计数器、电子计重器和无线发射器,传送带末端(8)与自动包装机构衔接;The intelligent conveying mechanism (7) comprises a third servo motor (9), a conveyor belt (11), a collection box (10), a moving device (5), a power output shaft of the third servo motor (9) and the conveyor belt (11) Drive connection, the third servo motor (9) controls the rotation of the conveyor belt (11), a plurality of collection boxes (10) are arranged on the conveyor belt (11) by bonding at intervals, and the bottom of the collection box (10) is provided with a light-sensing counter, an electronic meter Heavy equipment and wireless transmitter, the end of the conveyor belt (8) is connected with the automatic packaging mechanism; 所述自动包装机构包括打码机、自动包装机;The automatic packaging mechanism includes a coding machine and an automatic packaging machine; 所述传送带(11)的横向方向设有移动装置(5),所述移动装置(5)与第四伺服电机(6)的动力输出轴传动连接,第四伺服电机(6)的动力输出轴的转动,带动移动装置(5)沿传送带(11)的横向方向移动,从而带动传送带(11)横向方向移动;A moving device (5) is provided in the lateral direction of the conveyor belt (11), and the moving device (5) is drivingly connected with the power output shaft of the fourth servo motor (6), and the power output shaft of the fourth servo motor (6) The rotation of the conveyor belt (11) drives the moving device (5) to move in the lateral direction of the conveyor belt (11), thereby driving the conveyor belt (11) to move in the lateral direction; 还设有PLC程序控制器(13),所述PLC程序控制器(13)内设有无线接收器,第一伺服电机(20)、第二伺服电机(16)、第三伺服电机(9)、第四伺服电机(6)、光感计数器、电子计重器、无线发射器、无线接收器、打码机、自动包装机与PLC程序控制器(13)连接。Also provided with a PLC program controller (13), the PLC program controller (13) is provided with a wireless receiver, a first servo motor (20), a second servo motor (16), and a third servo motor (9) , The fourth servo motor (6), the light-sensing counter, the electronic weighing device, the wireless transmitter, the wireless receiver, the coding machine, and the automatic packaging machine are connected with the PLC program controller (13). 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种科研育种用自动化脱粒机,其特征是,所述喂料口(15)朝上并向下倾斜设定角度β,β=30~45°。2 . The automatic thresher for scientific research and breeding according to claim 1 , wherein the feeding port ( 15 ) faces upward and is inclined downward by a set angle β, β=30-45°. 3 . 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种科研育种用自动化脱粒机,其特征是,所述第四伺服电机(6)控制整个传送带(11)作横向不等速移动。3 . The automatic thresher for scientific research and breeding according to claim 1 , wherein the fourth servo motor ( 6 ) controls the entire conveyor belt ( 11 ) to move laterally at unequal speeds. 4 . 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种科研育种用自动化脱粒机,其特征是,所述收集盒(10)的材料为透明光滑板材,收集盒(10)的纵向两侧(12)为链式结构。4. The automatic thresher for scientific research and breeding according to claim 1, wherein the material of the collection box (10) is a transparent and smooth plate, and the longitudinal sides (12) of the collection box (10) are chains formula structure. 5.利用权利要求1-4任意一项权利要求所述的一种科研育种用自动化脱粒机进行脱粒的方法,其特征是,包括以下步骤:5. utilize the method for carrying out threshing with an automatic thresher for scientific research and breeding described in any one of claims 1-4, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: 第一步、将调试好的运行操作程序输入PLC程序控制器(13);启动PLC程序控制器(13),将每一株麦种种穗悬挂在传送链(18)的挂钩(17)上,PLC程序控制器(13)启动第一伺服电机(20),控制第一伺服电机(20)动力输出轴转动,从而控制传送链(18)运行;当一株种穗从倾斜的喂料口(15)处进入后, PLC程序控制器(13)控制第一伺服电机(20)使传送链18停留设定的时间,种穗在第二伺服电机(16)控制的脱粒盘作用下脱粒,形成种粒;The first step is to input the debugged operation program into the PLC program controller (13); start the PLC program controller (13), and hang each wheat ear on the hook (17) of the conveyor chain (18), The PLC program controller (13) starts the first servo motor (20) to control the rotation of the power output shaft of the first servo motor (20), thereby controlling the operation of the conveying chain (18); After entering at 15), the PLC program controller (13) controls the first servo motor (20) to make the conveyor chain 18 stay for a set time, and the seed ears are threshed under the action of the threshing disc controlled by the second servo motor (16) to form seed; 第二步、脱粒后的种粒从通道(4)进入清理机构(1),经过风道(2)清理后种粒从簸箕漏斗(3)滑入智能输送机构(7)的收集盒(10)内;In the second step, the threshed seeds enter the cleaning mechanism (1) from the channel (4), and after cleaning through the air duct (2), the seeds slide from the dustpan funnel (3) into the collection box (10) of the intelligent conveying mechanism (7). )Inside; 第三步、PLC程序控制器(13)控制收集盒(10)底部的光感计数器、电子计重器工作,将感应到的种粒数量、重量通过无线发射器发送,PLC程序控制器(13)内的无线接收器将此信息接收,传送至PLC程序控制器(13);In the third step, the PLC program controller (13) controls the light-sensing counter and the electronic weight counter at the bottom of the collection box (10) to work, and sends the sensed seed quantity and weight through the wireless transmitter, and the PLC program controller (13) The wireless receiver in ) receives this information and transmits it to the PLC program controller (13); 第四步、PLC程序控制器(13)控制第四伺服电机(6)工作,将整个传送带(11)作横向不等速的移动,最后回到起始位置;PLC程序控制器(13)控制收集盒(10)底部的光感计数器、电子计重器工作,将感应到的种粒数量、重量通过无线发射器发送,PLC程序控制器(13)内无线接收器将此信息再次接收,传送至PLC程序控制器(13);In the fourth step, the PLC program controller (13) controls the fourth servo motor (6) to work, and the entire conveyor belt (11) is moved horizontally at unequal speeds, and finally returns to the starting position; the PLC program controller (13) controls The light-sensing counter and electronic weighing counter at the bottom of the collection box (10) work, and the sensed seed quantity and weight are sent through the wireless transmitter, and the wireless receiver in the PLC program controller (13) receives this information again and transmits it. to the PLC program controller (13); 第五步、PLC程序控制器(13)将两次获得的种粒数量、重量数据作平均处理后存储;The fifth step, the PLC program controller (13) averages and stores the seed grain quantity and weight data obtained twice; 第六步、PLC程序控制器(13)控制第三伺服电机(9)工作,使传送带(11)运转,将收集盒(10)移动至传送带(11)的传送带末端(8)的位置,同时,PLC程序控制器(13)控制打码机将种粒数量、重量及编号在包装袋上打码,打码结束,自动包装机构将此具有种粒信息的包装袋张开;此时收集盒(10)正好到达自动包装机构;In the sixth step, the PLC program controller (13) controls the third servo motor (9) to work, makes the conveyor belt (11) run, moves the collection box (10) to the position of the conveyor belt end (8) of the conveyor belt (11), and at the same time , the PLC program controller (13) controls the coding machine to code the number, weight and number of the seeds on the packaging bag. After coding, the automatic packaging mechanism opens the packaging bag with the information of the seeds; at this time, the collection box (10) Just arrived at the automatic packaging mechanism; 第七步、PLC程序控制器(13)控制传送带(11)继续运转,使收集盒(10)向下反向运转,同时将种粒倒入包装袋内;In the seventh step, the PLC program controller (13) controls the conveyor belt (11) to continue to run, so that the collection box (10) runs in reverse downward direction, and at the same time, the seeds are poured into the packaging bag; 第八步、PLC程序控制器(13)控制传送链(18)向前移动,进行下一株种穗的自动脱粒、计数、称重、编号、包装的工作。In the eighth step, the PLC program controller (13) controls the conveying chain (18) to move forward to carry out the automatic threshing, counting, weighing, numbering and packaging of the next seed ear.
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