CN111834986A - Short-circuit protection circuit and system of inverter output H-bridge IGBT - Google Patents
Short-circuit protection circuit and system of inverter output H-bridge IGBT Download PDFInfo
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- CN111834986A CN111834986A CN202010670155.1A CN202010670155A CN111834986A CN 111834986 A CN111834986 A CN 111834986A CN 202010670155 A CN202010670155 A CN 202010670155A CN 111834986 A CN111834986 A CN 111834986A
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. DC/AC converters
- H02H7/1227—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. DC/AC converters responsive to abnormalities in the output circuit, e.g. short circuit
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Abstract
The invention discloses a short-circuit protection circuit and a short-circuit protection system for an inverter output H-bridge IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor), which comprise a collector detection unit, a comparison unit and a protection unit, wherein the input end of the collector detection unit is electrically connected with the output end of an IGBT switching unit; the input end of the comparison unit is electrically connected with the input end of the collector detection unit; the control end of the protection unit is electrically connected with the output end of the comparison unit, and one end of the protection unit is electrically connected with the input end of the IGBT unit. According to the invention, by arranging the collector detection unit, the comparison unit and the protection unit, the large current at the output end of the IGBT switch unit can be detected to turn off the drive of the IGBT, so that the turn-on time of the IGBT can be controlled to reduce the AC output voltage, and further, the product protection of the turn-off of the IGBT drive unit by software can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of IGBT circuits, in particular to a short-circuit protection circuit and a short-circuit protection system for an output H-bridge IGBT of an inverter.
Background
An Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) is formed by combining a Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) and a Bipolar Transistor (Bipolar Transistor), and combines the advantages of the two devices, so that the IGBT has the advantages of simplicity and rapidness in driving the MOSFET device and large capacity of the Bipolar device, and is more and more widely applied to the current power electronic technology. However, whether various protection functions of the driver of the IGBT are feasible and complete and whether the IGBT can be turned off in time under abnormal conditions determine the service life of the IGBT to a certain extent.
The short-circuit protection of the conventional IGBT driver is performed by detecting the voltage at the collector CE terminal of the IGBT when turned on, i.e., detecting the collector voltage vce (sat). When the device works normally, the value of Vce (sat) is about 1.5V, and the short-circuit protection threshold value cannot be reached. When a short circuit occurs, vce (sat) rises until the short circuit protection threshold is reached due to the rapid change in current flowing through the collector (i.e., Ic). And the current transformer detects a feedback signal to turn off the IGBT drive. However, in this method, since the external characteristic curve of the IGBT is qualitatively infinite when the operating current is greater than 2 times the rated current, the temperature of the module rises extremely rapidly due to its short time constant. If the IGBT temperature exceeds the intrinsic temperature of the silicon (175 ℃), the device will lose blocking capability, so there may be a loss of protection, i.e. the short circuit protection fails, damaging the IGBT.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a short-circuit protection circuit and a short-circuit protection system for an inverter output H-bridge IGBT, which can reduce AC output voltage by controlling the turn-on time of the IGBT by detecting the drive of the load heavy current turn-off IGBT so as to reduce the current flowing through the IGBT to provide short-circuit protection, improve the reliability of short-circuit protection, avoid the condition of false turn-off of AC voltage detection and improve the stability of an IGBT switch.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a short-circuit protection circuit of an inverter output H-bridge IGBT comprises:
an IGBT switching unit;
a collector detection unit, an input end of which is electrically connected with an AC output end of the IGBT switching unit;
the input end of the comparison unit is electrically connected with the input end of the collector detection unit; and the control end of the protection unit is electrically connected with the output end of the comparison unit, and one end of the protection unit is electrically connected with the input end of the IGBT unit.
In one embodiment, the collector detection unit includes a sampling branch and a filtering branch, an input end of the sampling branch is electrically connected to the AC output end of the IGBT switching unit, an output end of the sampling branch is electrically connected to an input end of the filtering branch, and an output end of the filtering branch is electrically connected to an input end of the comparison unit.
In one embodiment, the sampling branch comprises a diode D115 and a resistor R166, one end of the diode D115 is electrically connected to the AC output terminal of the IGBT switching unit, and the other end of the diode D115 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the filtering branch after passing through the resistor R166.
In one embodiment, the filtering branch comprises a capacitor C118 and a resistor R132, one end of the resistor R132 is electrically connected to the capacitor C118 and the output end of the sampling branch, respectively, and the other end of the resistor R132 is electrically connected to the input end of the comparing unit.
In one embodiment, pin 2 of the comparator U104-B is used to connect a TL431 to provide a protection reference voltage. The 3 pins of the comparator U104-B are respectively sampled from the input end of the collector detection unit, the resistor R149 is electrically connected with one end of the capacitor C119 and is used for adjusting a product short-circuit protection value, and the other ends of the resistor R149 and the capacitor C119 are commonly grounded.
In one embodiment, the protection unit includes a switch branch and a pull-down branch, an input end of the switch branch is electrically connected to an output end of the comparison unit, an output end of the switch branch is electrically connected to an input end of the pull-down branch, and an output end of the pull-down branch is electrically connected to a control end of the IGBT switch unit.
In one embodiment, the switching branch includes a transistor Q112, a resistor R110, and a resistor R130, a first end of the resistor R130 is electrically connected to the output end of the comparing unit, a second end of the resistor R130 is electrically connected to a base of the transistor Q112 and one end of the resistor R110, respectively, another end of the resistor R110 is grounded, an emitter of the transistor Q112 is grounded, and a collector of the transistor Q112 is electrically connected to the pull-down branch.
In one embodiment, the pull-down branch comprises a diode D104 and a resistor R104, a cathode of the diode D10 is electrically connected to the switching branch, an anode of the diode D104 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the IGBT switching unit, and a cathode of the diode D104 is also electrically connected to the resistor R104.
In one embodiment, the short-circuit protection circuit further comprises a driving unit, an output end of the driving unit is electrically connected with the IGBT switching unit, and an input end of the driving unit is used for being electrically connected with an output end of the PWM controller.
10. The short-circuit protection system of the inverter output H-bridge IGBT is characterized by comprising the short-circuit protection circuit, a feedback voltage detection circuit and a PWM controller, wherein the feedback voltage detection circuit is electrically connected with the output end of the short-circuit protection circuit, the feedback end of the PWM controller is electrically connected with the output end of the feedback voltage detection circuit, and the output end of the PWM controller is electrically connected with the input end of the short-circuit protection circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a short-circuit protection circuit and a short-circuit protection system for an inverter output H-bridge IGBT.A collector detection unit, a comparison unit and a protection unit are arranged, so that the drive of the IGBT can be turned off by detecting the large current at the output end of an IGBT switch unit, the turn-on time of the IGBT can be controlled to reduce the AC output voltage, and the turn-off of the IGBT switch unit by software can be realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a short-circuit protection circuit of an inverter output H-bridge IGBT according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a short-circuit protection circuit of the inverter output H-bridge IGBT shown in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Before explaining the circuit configuration of the invention, the operation principle of the invention will be explained first. If the IGBT fails due to a short-circuit, the gate voltage Vge rises during the rise of the collector current Ic of the IGBT, which is caused by the miller effect. In the short circuit, the gate charge amount Qg is also changed due to the change of the gate voltage Vge. At this time, whether the IGBT AC output current kick is too large or not can be judged by judging the abnormal increase or fluctuation of the voltage of the pin U104-3 of the comparator and comparing the reference voltage of the pin 2, so that the IGBT gate driving signal is pulled down to control the output voltage to be reduced to reduce the current flowing through the IGBT. And then the software is used for judging the reduction of the output voltage to shut down the output of the product. As will be described in detail below.
Referring to fig. 1, a short-circuit protection circuit for an inverter output H-bridge IGBT includes: the IGBT switching unit comprises an IGBT switching unit 100, a collector detection unit 200, a comparison unit 300 and a protection unit 400, wherein the input end of the collector detection unit is electrically connected with the output end of the IGBT switching unit; the input end of the comparison unit is electrically connected with the input end of the collector detection unit; the control end of the protection unit is electrically connected with the output end of the comparison unit, and one end of the protection unit is electrically connected with the input end of the IGBT unit. Note that, the IGBT switching unit 100 functions as a switch; the collector detection unit 200 is configured to detect a driving current passing through an IGBT collector; the comparing unit 300 is configured to compare the driving current with a reference current and output a comparison result; the protection unit 400 is configured to determine whether to start short-circuit protection for the IGBT according to the comparison result.
So, through setting up the collecting electrode detecting element, comparing element and protection unit, can detect the drive that the big current of IGBT switch unit's output comes the shutoff IGBT, thereby can control IGBT on-time and reduce AC output voltage, and then can realize the protection to IGBT switch unit, compare in the current mode that needs to detect the electric current that flows through the IGBT switch and provide short-circuit protection, the effectual reliability that provides short-circuit protection and reduced because of AC voltage detects the possibility that the mistake was shut off, the stability of IGBT switch has been improved.
In this embodiment, the collector detection unit includes a sampling branch and a filtering branch, an input end of the sampling branch is electrically connected to an output end of the IGBT switch unit, an output end of the sampling branch is electrically connected to an input end of the filtering branch, and an output end of the filtering branch is electrically connected to an input end of the comparison unit.
Referring to fig. 2, the sampling branch includes a diode D115 and a resistor R166, one end of the diode D115 is electrically connected to the AC output terminal of the IGBT switching unit, and the other end of the diode D115 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the filtering branch after passing through the resistor R166. It should be noted that the diode D115 and the resistor R166 are used for sampling a voltage drop generated by the CE node of the AC output terminal of the IGBT switching unit and transmitting the voltage drop to the filtering branch.
Referring to fig. 2, the filtering branch includes a capacitor C118 and a resistor R132, one end of the resistor R132 is electrically connected to the capacitor C118 and the output end of the sampling branch, and the other end of the resistor R132 is electrically connected to the input end of the comparing unit. It should be noted that the capacitor C118 and the resistor R132 are used to implement a filtering function, so as to improve the stability of the circuit.
Referring to FIG. 2, pin 2 of the comparator U104-B is used to connect a TL431 for providing a protection reference voltage. The 3 pins of the comparator U104-B are respectively sampled from the input end of the collector detection unit, the resistor R149 is electrically connected with one end of the capacitor C119 and is used for adjusting a product short-circuit protection value, and the other ends of the resistor R149 and the capacitor C119 are commonly grounded.
Further, the comparing unit further comprises a memory, the memory is used for providing a reference voltage, and the comparator U104-B is used for comparing a voltage drop generated by the current flowing through the IGBT collector with the reference voltage and outputting a comparison result.
It should be noted that the reference voltage is the maximum value of the reference voltage according to the current under the normal operation of the IGBT. And if the comparison result output by the comparison unit shows that the detected voltage drop generated by the working current exceeds the reference voltage, the protection unit starts short-circuit protection.
It should be noted that the protection unit includes a switch branch and a pull-down branch, an input end of the switch branch is electrically connected to an output end of the comparison unit, an output end of the switch branch is electrically connected to an input end of the pull-down branch, and an output end of the pull-down branch is electrically connected to a control end of the IGBT switch unit.
Referring to fig. 2, the switching branch includes a transistor Q112, a resistor R110, and a resistor R130, a first end of the resistor R130 is electrically connected to the output end of the comparing unit, a second end of the resistor R130 is electrically connected to a base of the transistor Q112 and one end of the resistor R110, respectively, another end of the resistor R110 is grounded, an emitter of the transistor Q112 is grounded, and a collector of the transistor Q112 is electrically connected to the pull-down branch.
Referring to fig. 2, the pull-down branch includes a diode D104 and a resistor R104, a cathode of the diode D104 is electrically connected to the switch branch, an anode of the diode D104 is electrically connected to an input terminal of the IGBT switching unit, and a cathode of the diode D104 is also electrically connected to the resistor R104.
Further, when the protection unit determines to start the IGBT short-circuit protection according to the comparison result, the IGBT is turned off by driving the transistor Q112 to be turned on to turn off the PWM pulse.
It should be noted that the short-circuit protection circuit further includes a driving unit 500, an output end of the driving unit is electrically connected to the IGBT switching unit, and an input end of the driving unit is electrically connected to an output end of the PWM controller. The driving unit is connected with a control electrode of the IGBT and a totem-pole type driving stage.
According to the scheme of the invention, the IGBT driving circuit is controlled by detecting the voltage drop generated by the working current flowing through the IGBT, so as to realize short-circuit protection on the IGBT. Therefore, the problem that the scheme is single due to the fact that the current of the collector electrode of the strong electric end of the IGBT can only be detected for high-power IGBT short-circuit protection in the prior art is solved by detecting the voltage drop generated by the working current flowing through the CE section of the IGBT, and the situation that a driver is strong and weak in electricity mixing is avoided and the potential safety hazard to a controller is eliminated due to the fact that the strong electric end of the IGBT is not arranged at the sampling point of the short-circuit protection. When the short-circuit protection fails or the overcurrent non-short-circuit state occurs, the reliability of the IGBT short-circuit protection is not affected, namely the reliability of the short-circuit protection is improved.
Referring to fig. 2, the short-circuit protection of the IGBT Q109 is performed in the above embodiment, and similarly, the short-circuit protection principle of the IGBT Q111 symmetrically disposed in the present system is the same as that of the IGBT Q109, and is not described herein again.
The invention also provides a short-circuit protection system of the inverter output H-bridge IGBT, which comprises the short-circuit protection circuit, a feedback delay circuit and a PWM controller, wherein the feedback delay circuit is electrically connected with the output end of the short-circuit protection circuit, the feedback end of the PWM controller is electrically connected with the output end of the feedback delay circuit, and the output end of the PWM controller is electrically connected with the input end of the short-circuit protection circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a short-circuit protection circuit and a short-circuit protection system for an inverter output H-bridge IGBT.A collector detection unit, a comparison unit and a protection unit are arranged, so that the large current at the output end of an IGBT switch unit can be detected to turn off the drive of the IGBT, the turn-on time of the IGBT can be controlled to reduce AC output voltage, and further, the protection of the IGBT switch unit by software detection of AC output voltage change can be realized.
The above embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A short-circuit protection circuit of an inverter output H-bridge IGBT is characterized by comprising:
an IGBT switching unit;
the input end of the collector detection unit is electrically connected with the output end of the IGBT switch unit;
the input end of the comparison unit is electrically connected with the input end of the collector detection unit; and the control end of the protection unit is electrically connected with the output end of the comparison unit, and one end of the protection unit is electrically connected with the input end of the IGBT unit.
2. The short-circuit protection circuit of the inverter output H-bridge IGBT according to claim 1, wherein the collector detection unit includes a sampling branch and a filtering branch, an input terminal of the sampling branch is electrically connected to the AC output terminal of the IGBT switching unit, an output terminal of the sampling branch is electrically connected to an input terminal of the filtering branch, and an output terminal of the filtering branch is electrically connected to an input terminal of the comparison unit.
3. The short-circuit protection circuit of the inverter output H-bridge IGBT according to claim 2, wherein the sampling branch comprises a diode D115 and a resistor R166, one end of the diode D115 is electrically connected to the AC output terminal of the IGBT switching unit, and the other end of the diode D115 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the filtering branch after passing through the resistor R166.
4. The short-circuit protection circuit of the inverter output H-bridge IGBT according to claim 2, wherein the filtering branch comprises a capacitor C118 and a resistor R132, one end of the resistor R132 is electrically connected to the capacitor C118 and the output end of the sampling branch, respectively, and the other end of the resistor R132 is electrically connected to the input end of the comparing unit.
5. The short-circuit protection circuit of inverter output H bridge IGBT according to claim 1, characterized in that the comparison unit comprises a comparator U104-B, a resistor R149 and a capacitor C119, wherein 2 pins of the comparator U104-B are used for connecting a TL431 for providing a protection reference voltage. The pin 3 of the comparator U104-B is electrically connected to the input terminal of the collector detection unit, the resistor R149 and one end of the capacitor C119, respectively, and the other ends of the resistor R149 and the capacitor C119 are commonly grounded.
6. The short-circuit protection circuit of the inverter output H-bridge IGBT according to claim 1, wherein the protection unit includes a switch branch and a pull-down branch, an input end of the switch branch is electrically connected to an output end of the comparison unit, an output end of the switch branch is electrically connected to an input end of the pull-down branch, and an output end of the pull-down branch is electrically connected to a control end of the IGBT switch unit.
7. The short-circuit protection circuit of the inverter output H-bridge IGBT according to claim 6, wherein the switching branch comprises a transistor Q112, a resistor R110, and a resistor R130, a first end of the resistor R130 is electrically connected to the output end of the comparing unit, a second end of the resistor R130 is electrically connected to a base of the transistor Q112 and one end of the resistor R110, respectively, another end of the resistor R110 is grounded, an emitter of the transistor Q112 is grounded, and a collector of the transistor Q112 is electrically connected to the pull-down branch.
8. The short-circuit protection circuit of the inverter output H-bridge IGBT according to claim 6, wherein the pull-down branch comprises a diode D104 and a resistor R104, a cathode of the diode D104 is electrically connected to the switching branch, an anode of the diode D104 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the IGBT switching unit, and a cathode of the diode D104 is further electrically connected to the resistor R104.
9. The short-circuit protection circuit of the inverter output H-bridge IGBT of claim 1, further comprising a driving unit, an output terminal of the driving unit being electrically connected to the IGBT switching unit, an input terminal of the driving unit being electrically connected to an output terminal of the PWM controller.
10. A short-circuit protection system of an inverter output H-bridge IGBT is characterized by comprising the short-circuit protection circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, and further comprising a feedback voltage detection circuit and a PWM controller, wherein the feedback voltage detection circuit is electrically connected with the output end of the short-circuit protection circuit, the feedback end of the PWM controller is electrically connected with the output end of the feedback voltage detection circuit, and the output end of the PWM controller is electrically connected with the input end of the short-circuit protection circuit.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010670155.1A CN111834986A (en) | 2020-07-13 | 2020-07-13 | Short-circuit protection circuit and system of inverter output H-bridge IGBT |
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| CN202010670155.1A CN111834986A (en) | 2020-07-13 | 2020-07-13 | Short-circuit protection circuit and system of inverter output H-bridge IGBT |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102324835A (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2012-01-18 | 广东易事特电源股份有限公司 | Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) driving circuit |
| CN104917164A (en) * | 2014-03-11 | 2015-09-16 | 北京动力源科技股份有限公司 | Driving protection circuit |
| CN213151639U (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2021-05-07 | 惠州三华工业有限公司 | Short-circuit protection circuit and system of inverter output H-bridge IGBT |
-
2020
- 2020-07-13 CN CN202010670155.1A patent/CN111834986A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102324835A (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2012-01-18 | 广东易事特电源股份有限公司 | Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) driving circuit |
| CN104917164A (en) * | 2014-03-11 | 2015-09-16 | 北京动力源科技股份有限公司 | Driving protection circuit |
| CN213151639U (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2021-05-07 | 惠州三华工业有限公司 | Short-circuit protection circuit and system of inverter output H-bridge IGBT |
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