CN111829972A - A kind of water body spectral measurement device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a water body spectrum measuring device which is sequentially provided with a base, a container body and a top structure from bottom to top; wherein the container body comprises a water injection pipe and a cavity for containing water; the water injection pipe is communicated with the cavity; the top structure comprises an upper cover, a fiber-optic probe and a standard lamp; the upper cover is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole, the optical fiber probe is arranged in the first through hole, and the standard lamp is arranged in the second through hole. The spectrum measuring device is of a closed structure, is not influenced by the external environment during measurement, and can perform water body spectrum measurement in a uniform and standard environment.

Description

A kind of water body spectral measurement device

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of water body spectral measurement, in particular to a water body spectral measurement device.

Background technique

At present, most of the water spectral data collection methods are "above the water surface method". That is, by measuring the radiance of the water surface, the sky, the light and the incident irradiance of the water surface, the physical quantities such as the water-leaving radiance, the normalized water-leaving radiance and the remote sensing reflectance are calculated. The operation steps are: (1) preheating the instrument in advance; (2) dark current measurement; (3) standard plate measurement; (4) standard plate measurement that blocks direct sunlight; (5) target measurement; (6) sky light measurement; (7) Standard plate measurement; (8) Standard plate measurement that blocks direct sunlight.

In the actual operation of the "above-water method", in order to avoid direct sunlight and reflection to the greatest extent, and at the same time reduce the influence of the shadow of the buildings around the measurement point, the angle between the observation direction of the instrument and the normal direction of the sea surface, the observation plane of the instrument and the incident plane of the sun There are strict regulations on the included angle. In addition, in the process of spectral observation, attention should be paid to the influence of water velocity, water surface waves, and water bottom quality on the measurement results. Finally, the measurement process also needs to follow standard operating steps, which has certain requirements on the professional technical level of the operator and the ability to operate the instrument. Therefore, when the above-water method is used to obtain water spectral data, there are the following limitations:

(1) Strict environmental requirements. For example, during the measurement, changes in the zenith angle of the sun or atmospheric conditions will cause large errors in the measurement results of the water body spectrum; the occlusion of mountains and buildings and the ambient light of surrounding objects will affect the measurement; the flow rate of the water body and the waves on the water surface It will cause inaccurate measurement results; the difference between water depth and bottom sediment will affect the measurement results and so on.

(2) The measurement steps are more complicated. The radiance of the standard plate must be measured for each data acquisition, which increases the error caused by human factors in the measurement and the length of spectral measurement; the sun angle needs to be recorded during the measurement, and a shading plate should be used; the standard plate cannot be measured with the water surface and the sky. The data is collected synchronously, and the changes in sunlight cannot be observed in real time, which also introduces certain errors.

(3) It is difficult for non-professionals to operate. Surveyors need to have more professional knowledge reserves and equipment practical ability, and professional personnel are required to carry out work on the solar elevation angle, instrument observation angle, the relative relationship between instruments and equipment, and the selection of observation points.

(4) The subsequent calculation steps are complicated. Even after the water spectral data collection is carried out according to the standard steps, normalization processing is still required in the subsequent calculation, that is, the background noise introduced by different sun altitude angles and different environments can be removed before the analysis can be carried out.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water body spectral measurement device, which is not affected by the external environment during measurement, and can realize the water body spectral measurement in a unified and standard environment.

For achieving the above object, the present invention provides the following scheme:

A water body spectral measurement device is provided with a base, a container body and a top structure in sequence from bottom to top; wherein,

The container body includes a water injection pipe and a cavity for containing water; the water injection pipe communicates with the cavity;

The top structure includes an upper cover, an optical fiber probe and a standard lamp; the upper cover is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole, the optical fiber probe is arranged in the first through hole, and the standard lamp is arranged in the first through hole. in the second through hole.

Optionally, the base includes horizontal fine-tuning feet, a support plate, a standard diffuse reflection plate and a rubber pad; wherein,

The horizontal fine-tuning feet are arranged below the support plate, a groove is arranged inside the support plate, and the diffuse reflection standard plate is fixedly arranged in the groove through the rubber pad.

Optionally, the diffuse reflection standard plate is a disk with a radius of 60 mm and a thickness of 10 mm; the material of the diffuse reflection standard plate is polytetrafluoroethylene, and the surface is a Lambertian surface.

Optionally, the cavity is a circular truncated structure; the cavity, the water injection pipe and the base form a connector.

Optionally, the water injection pipe, the cavity and the upper cover are all made of hard plastic with Mo-SiO ₂ coating, and the minimum thickness is all greater than 3 mm.

Optionally, the solid angle of the light emitted by the standard lamp is 45°, and the included angle between the fiber probe and the base is 80°.

Optionally, the standard lamp includes a lamp body, a casing and a waterproof lens; the casing is disposed in the second through hole, the lamp body is disposed in the casing, and the waterproof lens is disposed in the lamp Body light.

Optionally, a universal level is provided above the standard lamp.

Optionally, the optical fiber probe is a cylinder with a radius of 5 mm and a length of 60 mm, a maximum field of view angle of 30°, and a transmission spectrum range of 350-2500 nm.

Optionally, it also includes a power supply, and the upper cover is further provided with a third through hole; the power supply includes a battery and a voltage stabilizing circuit, and both the battery and the voltage stabilizing circuit are arranged in the third through hole; The output voltage of the power supply is 5V and the maximum current is 3A.

According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects:

The invention discloses a water body spectral measurement device, which is provided with a base, a container body and a top structure in sequence from bottom to top; wherein, the container body comprises a water injection pipe and a cavity for holding the water body; the water injection pipe is connected with the water body. The cavity is communicated; the top structure includes an upper cover, a fiber probe and a standard lamp; the upper cover is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole, and the fiber probe is arranged in the first through hole, The standard lamp is disposed in the second through hole. The spectral measurement device in the present invention is of a closed structure, and is not affected by the external environment during measurement, and can perform spectral measurement of water bodies in a unified and standard environment.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. In the embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative labor.

1 is an overall structural diagram of a water body spectrum measurement device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the exploded view of the water body spectrum measurement device provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

3 is an internal structural diagram of a top structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a top view of a top structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

5 is a cross-sectional view of a container body provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a circuit diagram of a voltage regulator circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

7 is a structural diagram of a base provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

8 is an internal structural diagram of a water body spectrum measurement device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

9 is a normal optical path diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is an optical path diagram after adding a standard diffuse reflection plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Symbol description: 1-top structure, 2-container body, 3-base, 4-lamp body, 5-standard lamp housing, 6-waterproof lens, 7-power supply, 8-fiber probe, 9-top cover, 10-power supply Cover, 11- screw, 12- universal level, 13- battery, 14- voltage regulator circuit, 15- outer wall, 16- water injection pipe, 17- pipe cap, 18- diffuse reflection standard plate, 19- rubber pad, 20 -Support plate, 21-leveling fine-tuning feet.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water body spectral measurement device, which is not affected by the external environment during measurement, and can realize the water body spectral measurement in a unified and standard environment.

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Example 1

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 8 , the water body spectrum measuring device is provided with a base 3 , a container body 2 and a top structure 1 in sequence from bottom to top. The base 3 and the container body 2 and the container body 2 and the top structure 1 are connected and fixed by the screw opening 11 . The container body 2 includes a water injection pipe 16, a pipe cap 17 and a cavity for containing water, and the water injection pipe 16 communicates with the cavity. The cavity includes an outer wall 15, and the outer wall 15 and the cavity form a truncated cone-shaped structure. The cavity, the water injection pipe 16 and the base 3 constitute a connector. The top structure 1 includes an upper cover 9, an optical fiber probe 8 and a standard lamp. The upper cover 9 is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole, the fiber probe 8 is disposed in the first through hole through the screw opening 11 , and the standard lamp is rigidly fixed in the second through hole.

In this embodiment, the top structure 1 is further provided with a power supply 7, and the upper cover 9 is further provided with a third through hole. The power supply 7 includes an upper cover 10, a battery 13 and a voltage regulator circuit 14, and the upper cover 10 can be opened from one side. Both the battery 13 and the voltage regulator circuit 14 are arranged in the third through hole. The battery 13 is a No. 7 (AAA) battery with 5 batteries, the output voltage is 5V, and the maximum current is 3A. The voltage regulator circuit diagram is shown in Figure 6.

In this embodiment, the standard lamp includes a lamp body 4 , a standard lamp housing 5 and a waterproof lens 6 . The lamp body 4 is arranged in the standard lamp housing 5, and the standard lamp housing 5 is arranged in the second through hole through the screw opening 11. In order to avoid the short circuit of the standard lamp caused by the entry of water or water vapor, the light outlet of the lamp body 4 is provided with a waterproof lens 6. The standard lamp in this embodiment is perpendicular to the base 3 along the vertical direction, and the solid angle of the emitted light is 45°. The rated voltage is 5V, the rated current is 1.35A, the average spherical luminous intensity is 5.97MSCP, the color temperature is 2800K, the focal spot diameter is 3.2mm, and the average life span is 1500h. In this embodiment, a gimbal level 12 is also arranged above the standard lamp.

In this embodiment, the angle between the fiber probe 8 and the base 3 is 80°, the fiber probe 8 is a cylinder with a radius of 5mm and a length of 60mm, the maximum field of view angle is 30°, and the transmission spectral range is 350- 2500nm. The end of the optical fiber probe 8 is provided with an optical fiber interface, which can be connected to the spectrometer through a snap connection.

Optionally, the base 3 includes horizontal fine-tuning feet 21 , a support plate 20 , a diffuse reflection standard plate 18 and a rubber pad 19 . The horizontal fine-tuning feet 21 are arranged below the support plate 20 , a groove is provided inside the support plate 20 , and the diffuse reflection standard plate 21 is fixedly arranged in the groove by the rubber pad 19 . The diffuse reflection standard plate 18 in this embodiment is made of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), a disk with a radius of 60 mm and a thickness of 10 mm, and the surface is a Lambertian surface. In the 250-1500nm band, the reflectivity is greater than 98%, and in the 250-2200nm band, the reflectivity is greater than 95%. The rubber pad 19 is a rubber ring with a thickness of 5mm. The support plate 20 is made of hard plastic material, and the top end is provided with a screw opening 11 for fixing with the container body 2 . There are three horizontal fine-tuning feet 21 , which are made of stainless steel and are fixed under the support plate 20 , and are placed in an equilateral triangle with an adjustment distance of 0-8 mm. FIG. 9 is a normal optical path diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 10 is an optical path diagram after adding a diffuse reflection standard plate according to an embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen from Figure 9 and Figure 10 that the diffuse reflection standard plate can increase the effect of the water sample on the incident light, and enhance the spectral absorption characteristics of the water sample on the incident light.

Optional, standard lamp housing 5, upper cover 9, outer wall 15, water injection pipe 16 and pipe cap 17 are all hard plastic materials (or other rigid materials) with Mo-SiO ₂ coating, and the minimum thickness is greater than 3mm. The spectral absorption rate in the -2500nm band is higher than 94%, the emissivity is lower than 0.13%, and the operating temperature is lower than 580℃.

Optionally, according to the principle of the connector, the water body spectral measurement device can limit the injection volume of the water sample, and the volume of the water sample contained in the cavity is 556 mL.

The use process of the water spectrum measurement device provided in this embodiment is as follows:

Before use, the diffuse reflection standard plate 18 needs to be calibrated once. During calibration, distilled water is used to replace the water sample or it is left empty. The rest of the steps are the same as the spectral measurement implementation. If the diffuse reflection standard plate 18 is replaced during measurement, recalibration is required. The steps for spectral measurement of water samples are as follows:

1. Device inspection and installation

Check whether the standard light and the gimbal level 12 work normally, whether the power supply 7 is sufficient and the voltage output is stable, whether the waterproof lens 6, the fiber probe 8 and the diffuse reflection standard plate 18 are clean and the surface is not damaged, and if there is any abnormality in the above devices, replace them. Then install the top structure 1, the container body 2 and the base 3, and connect the optical fiber probe 8 to the spectrometer (ASD, PSR, etc.).

2. Load water samples

Place the device on a stable and hard surface, adjust it to the level with the universal level 12 and the leveling fine-tuning feet 21, open the cap 17 and inject the water sample until the water sample overflows from the water injection tube 16, cover the cap 17 and let it stand for 30s. Readjust the level by the gimbal level 12 and the leveling feet 21 .

3. Spectral measurement of water body

Turn on the standard light, perform spectral measurement after standing for 15s, record the spectral measurement results of water samples in the 350-1000nm band, and turn off the standard light after completing the spectral measurement.

4. Device cleaning

The top structure 1 is disassembled, the water sample is poured out from the upper end of the container body 2, and the base 3 is disassembled. Use distilled water to clean the outer wall 15 , the water injection pipe 16 , the pipe cap 17 , the diffuse reflection standard plate 18 and the rubber pad 19 .

According to the disclosed specific embodiments, the present invention discloses the following technical effects:

1. The present invention determines the relative angle of the light source, the optical fiber probe and the water surface of the water sample during the water spectral measurement through the rigid fixed structure and the horizontal fine-tuning structure, and further determines the depth of the water sample in the device through the design of the connector, so as to determine relative position of the three. The standard observation geometry is provided, which solves the problem of inconsistent observation conditions, reduces the errors introduced by human factors in the measurement, and reduces the workload of later data processing.

2. The background noise in the spectral measurement is suppressed by the outer wall of the low reflectivity container and the cone-shaped structure, and the amount of water samples is reduced under the condition that the depth of the water samples remains unchanged.

3. Through the built-in diffuse reflection standard plate, the effect of water samples on incident light is enhanced, and the spectral absorption characteristics of water samples on incident light are amplified, so that the spectrometer can record more spectral information of water samples.

4. Through the closed observation environment, the influence of environmental factors such as wind speed, water flow speed, water surface wave, and water body bottom material during observation can be solved, and all-weather, all-day, standardized water body spectral measurement can be realized, and it is convenient for non-professionals to operate. use.

The principles and implementations of the present invention are described herein using specific examples, and the descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the core idea of the present invention; There will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope. In conclusion, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A water body spectrum measuring device is characterized in that a base, a container body and a top structure are sequentially arranged from bottom to top; wherein,

the container body comprises a water injection pipe and a cavity for containing water; the water injection pipe is communicated with the cavity;

the top structure comprises an upper cover, a fiber-optic probe and a standard lamp; the upper cover is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole, the optical fiber probe is arranged in the first through hole, and the standard lamp is arranged in the second through hole.

2. The measuring device of claim 1, wherein the base comprises horizontal fine tuning feet, a support plate, a diffuse reflection standard plate and a rubber mat; wherein,

the horizontal fine tuning feet are arranged below the supporting plate, a groove is formed in the supporting plate, and the diffuse reflection standard plate is fixedly arranged in the groove through the rubber mat.

3. The measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the diffuse reflection standard plate is a circular disc with a radius of 60mm and a thickness of 10 mm; the diffuse reflection standard plate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the surface of the diffuse reflection standard plate is a Lambert surface.

4. The measurement device of claim 1, wherein the cavity is a truncated cone-shaped structure; the cavity, the water injection pipe and the base form a communicating vessel.

5. The measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the water injection pipe, the cavity and the upper cover are all of Mo-SiO₂The minimum thickness of the hard plastic material of the coating is larger than 3 mm.

6. The measuring device of claim 1, wherein the solid angle of the light emitted from the standard lamp is 45 °, and the included angle between the fiber probe and the base is 80 °.

7. The measuring device of claim 1, wherein the standard light comprises a body, a housing, and a waterproof lens; the shell sets up in the second through-hole, the lamp body sets up in the shell, waterproof lens set up in lamp body light-emitting department.

8. The measuring device of claim 1, wherein a gimbaled level is positioned above the standard light.

9. The measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the fiber probe is a cylinder with a radius of 5mm and a length of 60mm, the maximum field angle is 30 °, and the transmission spectrum range is 350-2500 nm.

10. The measuring device of claim 1, further comprising a power source, wherein the upper cover is further provided with a third through hole; the power supply comprises a battery and a voltage stabilizing circuit, and the battery and the voltage stabilizing circuit are both arranged in the third through hole; the output voltage of the power supply is 5V, and the maximum current is 3A.

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