CN111827977A - Acoustic measuring instrument device and acoustic measuring method for indoor cementing quality evaluation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a sound wave determinator device for indoor simulation of well cementation quality evaluation and a use method thereof. The one-transmitting multi-receiving transducer consists of a probe rod, a transmitter and eight receivers, the transducer is placed in a matched sleeve for measurement and is connected to an ultrasonic determinator through a cable, a computer with a liquid crystal display screen is arranged in the ultrasonic determinator, operation test software is installed in the computer, and data can be acquired in the test software. The acoustic wave determinator device can be used for carrying out cementing quality research of indoor evaluation cement sheath cementing simulation experiments with different densities, and system errors can be automatically eliminated through the matching design of the transducer and the size of the casing, so that experimental result errors are reduced, and the experimental data quality can be improved through the design of eight receivers in the device, and the measuring result is more accurate.

Description

Acoustic measuring instrument device and acoustic measuring method for indoor cementing quality evaluation

technical field

The invention relates to a measuring instrument and method for evaluating the cementing quality of the first and second interfaces of the cementing quality, which can measure the cementation quality between the casing and the cement, and between the cement and the well wall indoors. It belongs to the field of oil and gas well cementing.

Background technique

Oilfield cementing is an important basic work, which is related to the later working conditions and safety performance of the oil well. At present, most domestic oilfields are mainly used for cementing quality testing in the cement cementation logging method. It is well known that sound waves propagate in different media. , its acoustic characteristics will be different, and the acoustic logging technology uses these different acoustic characteristics of the rock to judge the cementing quality. In the sonic cement cementation logging method, it includes variable density logging (CBL/VDL). and two receivers with source distances of 3 feet and 5 feet. Although the sound amplitude variable density logging instruments in the field are relatively complete, it is of more and more significance to carry out simulated cementing quality evaluation experiments indoors. Therefore, a set of acoustic wave measuring instruments for indoor cementing quality evaluation is designed. necessary.

At present, there are very few acoustic wave measuring instruments that can be used for indoor cementing quality evaluation. Li Yuxia invented a device and method for indoor dispersion analysis and correction of acoustic wave logging instruments (Li Yuxia, Huang Fei, Lu Tao, Li Jian, Yu Guohua, Zhang Han, Li Yamin, Li Wenbo. A device and method for indoor dispersion analysis and correction of acoustic logging instruments [P]. CN109782369A, 2019-05-21), but the device is directly processed when logging data is processed in the interpretation center An invention that corrects the data cannot carry out the experimental study on the quality evaluation of the cement sheath cementing in the laboratory. Wang Huairen provides a logging transducer with one-shot and double-receiver with hydraulic method (Wang Huairen. One-shot and double-receiver logging transducer with hydraulic mode [P]. CN204583643U, 2015-08- 26.), the device solves the defect problem that the traditional one-transmitter double-receive transducer cannot be detected in deep holes over 200 meters, but it cannot be used for indoor simulation logging experiments. Chinese patent CN202731903U discloses an acoustic wave instrument with one transmitter and two receivers for logging transducers, but the instrument only contains two receivers, so the quality of the received data may not be better in line with the actual cementing situation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a sound wave measuring instrument device and a method for using it for indoor simulated cementing quality evaluation. The device can be used in the laboratory to evaluate the cementation quality of the cement sheath cementing simulation experiment with different densities, which has important reference significance for guiding the cementing quality evaluation in practical applications.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

An acoustic wave measuring instrument device is used for indoor cementing quality evaluation, including: a transmitter with multiple receivers, which includes a probe rod, the probe rod is provided with a transmitting probe with a circular outer circumference and a first circular outer circumference. A receiving probe and a second receiving probe, the first receiving probe has a first receiving channel, the second receiving probe has a second receiving channel, the first receiving channel and the second receiving channel are provided with several receivers; a casing, wherein the one-transmit-multiple-receive transducer is installed in the casing, and the inner diameter of the casing is adapted to the outer diameters of the transmitting probe, the first receiving probe and the second receiving probe; an ultrasonic measuring instrument, which The first receiving probe and the second receiving probe are respectively connected through a transmitter cable and several receiver cables.

Optionally, the multiple receivers of the first receiving channel and the second receiving channel are evenly arranged.

Optionally, the first receiving channel and the second receiving channel are provided with 4 receivers, and the 4 receivers are single-chip receiving, the interval between each chip is 90 degrees, and each two chips is a group of 180 The degrees are opposite to each other, and the distance between each group is 50mm.

Optionally, the distance between the first receiving channel and the transmitting probe is set to 198 mm, the distance between the second receiving channel and the transmitting probe is set to 330 mm, and the distance between the first receiving channel and the second receiving channel is 132 mm.

Optionally, it further includes a temperature controller for connecting to the heating device and a pressure measuring device for connecting to the pressurizing device.

Optionally, a data processing system is also included.

Optionally, a rotating device is also included, the rotating device is connected with the probe rod, and when the rotating device rotates, the probe rod is driven to rotate, thereby driving the first receiving channel and/or the second receiving channel to rotate.

A sound wave measuring method for indoor evaluation of simulated cementing quality of a sound wave measuring instrument device, comprising the following steps:

(1) Put the one-shot-multiple-receive transducer from the bottom of the casing into the casing in the order that the transmitting probe is on top and the two receiving probes are on the bottom;

(2) Insert the transmitting transducer cable plug and the eight receiving transducer cable plugs into the corresponding jacks on the panel of the ultrasonic measuring instrument respectively, then turn on the two power switches on the main panel of the ultrasonic measuring instrument, and turn on the heating switch , adjust the experimental temperature on the temperature controller,;

(3) Start the computer, open the operation test software, and enter the waveform detection interface;

(4) In the operation panel, adjust the transmitting voltage, transmitting pulse width, T0 time, interference elimination time, first wave confirmation amplitude, closing voltage and receiving gain as required, input the first channel length parameter, the second channel length parameter and The parameter of the spacing length between the two channels;

(5) Check the four receiving angles of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, and check the dual-channel and continuous acquisition functions, then in the project creation function, create a new project name, and enter the automatic detection function to open the timing Detect and enter interval time;

(6) Click on the automatic button, then the acoustic wave measuring instrument system starts to automatically collect data, and the automatically collected data will be saved in the new project;

(7) After the end of an experiment, take out a double-transmitting transducer, and then perform data processing;

(8) Enter the data analysis of the operation test software, open the new project, and you can clearly see the waveform diagram, the first wave sound time, the first wave amplitude, the first wave frequency, the first wave speed, and the time length data;

(9) According to the experimental data measured by the ultrasonic measuring instrument, the relative sound amplitude method is used to evaluate the cementing and bonding state of the cement sheath in the experiment. The calculation formula is: U=A/A _fp *100%,

In the formula: U is the relative sound amplitude; A is the sound amplitude of the target well interval, mv; A _fp is the sound amplitude of the free well interval, mv.

In step (1), it is used in conjunction with the cementing model in the laboratory. Because the nine cables and the lower head are at one end of the receiving probe, to ensure that the simulated drilling fluid is in the casing, the lower head must be used to The lower section of the wellhead is sealed, the transmitting probe is placed on top, and the receiving probe is placed on the bottom to facilitate the operation of experiments and instruments (cementing model).

The emission voltage of step (4) is mainly to control the excitation voltage of the transmitter, and according to different measurement requirements, corresponding appropriate acoustic wave excitation is generated to adapt to the analysis of information in different media; the emission pulse is mainly to adjust the frequency of the signal; TO time and elimination of interference time The purpose of the setting is to effectively avoid the interference in front of the first wave. The first wave confirms the amplitude, the closing voltage and the receiving gain are mainly used to adjust the sound wave signal, so that the waveform is in a stable, clear and optimal state. The setting of these parameters is mainly to avoid affecting the acquisition of the first wave amplitude, so as to ensure the accuracy of cementing quality evaluation.

During the first wave sound in step (8), the first wave frequency, the first wave speed and the time length are parameters set in order to obtain more comprehensive sound wave data. The magnitude of the wave velocity can qualitatively evaluate the cementation of different cement media. The first wave amplitude can be used to quantitatively evaluate the cement cementation situation, and the ratio of the first wave amplitude to the first wave amplitude of the free casing can be used to judge the quality of cementing and cementation. The main parameter used is the first wave amplitude.

In step (9), the acquisition of the acoustic amplitude value of A _fp : by measuring the first wave amplitude of the casing when there is no cement bonding outside the casing.

The invention adopts one-transmitting-multiple-receiving transducers, which can make the acoustic logging results in the annular direction more accurate, and at the same time, the cementing quality of different sectors in the annular direction can be judged according to the amplitude of the first wave obtained by the four receivers, so that the cementing can be improved. The quality evaluation results are more accurate.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

(1) The device of the present invention can be used to evaluate the cementation quality of the simulation experiment of cement sheath with different densities indoors;

(2) Using the design of one transmitter and eight receivers adopted in the present invention, more data can be collected for the same depth, the quality of the experimental data can be improved, and the measurement results can be made more accurate;

(3) the system error can be automatically eliminated by utilizing the device of the present invention;

(4) The device of the present invention can be of great significance to the testing and research of simulated cementing quality evaluation in the school laboratory.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of acoustic wave measuring instrument device used for indoor cementing quality evaluation of the present invention;

Reference numerals: 1-sleeve; 2-probe; 3-transmitting probe; 4-first receiving probe; 5-second receiving probe; 6-transmitter cable; 7-receiver cable; 8-ultrasonic measuring instrument ;9-temperature controller;10-pressure measuring instrument;11-heating switch;12-first power switch;13-receiver cable jack;14-transmitter cable jack;15-second power switch;16- computer.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that the following descriptions are only for explaining the present invention, and do not limit the content thereof.

Example 1:

As shown in Figure 1, an acoustic wave measuring instrument device for indoor cementing quality evaluation is composed of a transmitter with multiple receivers (consisting of a probe rod 2, a transmitter probe 3, a first receiver probe 4 and a second receiver probe 5). composition), cables (one transmitter cable 6 and eight receiver cables 7), ultrasonic measuring instrument 9 and supporting space cementing model.

The one-transmit-multiple-receive transducer is composed of a probe rod 2, a transmitting probe 3, a first receiving probe 4, and a second receiving probe 5. The transmitting probe 3 is a transmitter, and the transmitting vibrator is composed of a ring oscillator. The receiver can transmit ultrasonic waves around, the first receiving probe 4 and the second receiving probe 5 have two receiving channels, namely the first receiving channel and the second receiving channel, the first receiving channel is provided with four receivers, the first receiving channel is The second receiving channel is provided with four receivers, the four receivers in the first and second receiving channels are single-chip receiving, the interval between each chip is 90 degrees, and each two chips are a group of 180 degrees opposite each other The distance between each group is 50mm; since the source distances of the sound amplitude variable density one-shot and double-receive logging tools used in the field are 3 feet (0.9144 meters) and 5 feet (1.524 meters) respectively, according to the ratio of source distance reduction 4.618 times, The source distances of the one-transmit-multiple-receive transducer are designed to be 198mm and 330mm respectively, that is, the distance between the first receiving probe 4 and the transmitting probe 3 is set to 198 mm, and the distance between the second receiving probe 5 and the transmitting probe 3 is set to 198 mm. It is set to 330mm, and the distance between the two receiving channels is 132mm; the one-shot multiple-receive transducer (composed of the probe rod 2, the transmitting probe 3, the first receiving probe 4 and the second receiving probe 5) can withstand 30 MPa confining pressure and high temperature below 150℃;

The cable includes a transmitter cable 6 and eight receiver cables 7, and the cables are inserted into the corresponding transmitter cable jacks 14 and receiver cable jacks 13 on the sonicator 8 to connect a transmitter. Multi-receive transducers and ultrasonic measuring instruments 8;

The ultrasonic measuring instrument 8 is divided into upper and lower systems, and the upper part of the system display screen is provided with a first power switch 12, a second power switch 15, a heating switch 11, a temperature controller 9, a pressure measuring instrument 10, Transmitter cable jack 14, receiver cable jack 13. The temperature controller 9 is used to control and adjust the simulated cementing downhole temperature, and the pressure measuring instrument 10 is used to monitor and adjust the simulated cementing downhole pressure; the ultrasonic measuring instrument 8 has an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver. , The purpose of the ultrasonic transmitter is to transmit ultrasonic waves, and the purpose of the receiver is to convert the received ultrasonic vibration signal into an electrical signal, and transmit the signal to the acoustic wave instrument through the cable for collection and reception; the lower part of the system is equipped with a Computer 16, a version of operation test software is installed in the computer 16 and is provided with a database management system; the information measured by the transducer in the casing 1 can be displayed in the test software in the computer 16 after being converted and processed;

The space cementing model is composed of a wellbore and a casing, an annular cavity is formed between the wellbore and the casing, and cement slurries of different densities can be injected into the annular cavity; the inner diameter of the casing 1 is slightly larger than the The outer diameter of the one-shot-multiple-receive transducer makes the one-shot-multiple-receive transducer and the casing 1 form the same coaxial hole, thus ensuring the problem of instrument centering and eliminating the error of the test system. The multi-receive transducer in the casing 1 can read clear acoustic waveforms.

The one-transmitting-multiple-receiving transducer is a piezoelectric ceramic transducer, the length of the entire transducer is less than 600mm, and the diameter is slightly less than 55mm, and a clear sound wave waveform can be read in the casing with an inner diameter of 55mm.

The cable transmits the electrical signals measured by the one-transmit-multiple-receive transducer in the casing to the ultrasonic measuring instrument.

The transmitting pulse voltage of the ultrasonic transmitter is continuously adjustable from 500V to 1000V, and the pulse width is continuously adjustable from 0.5us to 5us.

The operating frequency of the multi-point dual-channel wideband high-frequency receiver is 10KHZ-1MHZ, the total gain of the precision electronic attenuator is 80db, the adjustment range is 1-80db, and the step is 1db.

The operation test software has the characteristics of high test accuracy, high intelligence and powerful functions.

A rotating device (not shown) may also be included, the rotating device is connected with the probe rod, and when the rotating device rotates, the probe rod is driven to rotate, thereby driving the first receiving channel and/or the second receiving channel to rotate. The rotating device can be arranged above or below the casing 1, driven by a motor, and can rotate 90 degrees. By adopting the rotating device, (1) by rotating the probe, the sound wave attenuation in different directions of the cement ring circumference can be measured, so that the position of cement missing or cementation quality in the circumferential direction can be specifically judged. (2) Through the rotation of the probe, the first wave amplitude of the casing at each point in the circumferential direction can be measured. When it rotates once, all four receivers can pass through a certain point. According to the data measured by the four receivers, it can be accurately obtained. Cementing condition at this point. (3) By rotating the probe to drive the rotation of the four receivers, the error caused by the measurement of a fixed receiver can be eliminated.

Example 2:

The method for indoor cementing quality evaluation experiment using the above-mentioned acoustic wave measuring instrument device:

Cementing quality evaluation experiment: First, put the one-shot-multiple-receiver transducer into the casing 1 from the bottom of the casing 1 in the order that the transmitting probe 3 is on top, the first receiving probe 4 is on top, and the second receiving probe 5 is on the bottom. Then insert the plugs of the transmitter cable 6 and the receiving transducer cable 7 into the transmitter cable jack 14 and the receiver cable jack 13 respectively, turn on the first power switch 12, the heating switch 11, the second power switch 5, and then Adjust the experimental temperature on the temperature controller 9, start the computer 16, open the operation test software, and adjust the emission voltage, emission pulse width, T0 time, interference elimination time, first wave confirmation amplitude, and door closing voltage in the operation test software as required. and accept gain, and enter the first channel length parameter, the second channel length parameter and the interval length parameter of the two channels, then check the four receiving angles of 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°, and check the double channel and Continuous acquisition function, in the project creation function, create a new project name, adjust the automatic detection parameters, click the start automatic button, then the acoustic wave measuring instrument 8 starts to collect data automatically. Slowly take out the casing 1, and then use the relative sound amplitude method to evaluate the cementing and bonding condition of the cement sheath in the experiment according to the experimental data measured by the ultrasonic measuring instrument 8. The calculation formula is: U=A/A _fp *100% , where: U is the relative sound amplitude; A is the sound amplitude of the target well interval, mv; A _fp is the sound amplitude of the free well interval, mv.

Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, they do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. On the basis of the technical solutions of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various Modifications or deformations still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A sound wave determinator device is used for indoor well cementation quality evaluation, and is characterized by comprising the following components:

the transmitting-receiving transducer comprises a probe rod, wherein a transmitting probe with a circular periphery, a first receiving probe and a second receiving probe with a circular periphery are arranged on the probe rod, the first receiving probe is provided with a first receiving channel, the second receiving probe is provided with a second receiving channel, and the first receiving channel and the second receiving channel are both provided with a plurality of receivers;

the transmitting probe, the first receiving probe and the second receiving probe are arranged in a circular sleeve, the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer are arranged in the sleeve, and the inner diameter of the sleeve is matched with the outer diameters of the transmitting probe, the first receiving probe and the second receiving probe;

and the ultrasonic measuring instrument is respectively connected with the first receiving probe and the second receiving probe through a transmitter cable and a plurality of receiver cables.

2. The acoustic determinator device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of receivers of the first and second receiving channels are arranged evenly therebetween.

3. The acoustic determinator device of claim 1, wherein the first and second receiving channels are each provided with 4 receivers, the 4 receivers are all received in a single piece, each piece being spaced 90 degrees apart and each piece being a set of 180 degrees apart, each set being spaced 50mm apart.

4. The acoustic determinator device of claim 1, wherein the distance between the first receiving channel and the transmission probe is set to 198mm, the distance between the second receiving channel and the transmission probe is set to 330mm, and the spacing between the first receiving channel and the second receiving channel is 132 mm.

5. The acoustic determinator device of claim 1, further comprising a temperature controller for connection to a warming device and a pressure measurement instrument for connection to a pressurizing device.

6. The acoustic determinator device of claim 1, further comprising a data processing system.

7. The acoustic wave tester device according to claim 1, further comprising a rotating device connected to the probe, wherein the rotating device, when rotated, rotates the probe to rotate the first receiving channel and/or the second receiving channel.

8. The sonic measurement method for indoor evaluation of simulated well cementation quality of the sonic measurement instrument device of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the sonic measurement instrument device of any one of claims 1 to 7 is used, comprising the steps of:

(1) putting a transmitting transducer and a receiving transducer into the sleeve from the bottom of the sleeve in the sequence of the transmitting probe being above and the two receiving probes being below;

(2) inserting cable plugs of the transmitting transducer and the eight receiving transducers into corresponding jacks on a panel of the ultrasonic measuring instrument respectively, then starting two power switches on a host panel of the ultrasonic measuring instrument, starting a heating switch, and adjusting the experimental temperature on a temperature controller;

(3) starting a computer, opening operation test software, and entering a waveform detection interface;

(4) in an operation panel, adjusting the transmitting voltage, the transmitting pulse width, the T0 time, the interference eliminating time, the head wave confirmation amplitude, the door closing voltage and the receiving gain as required, and inputting a first channel length parameter, a second channel length parameter and a distance length parameter of two channels;

(5) selecting four receiving angles of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees, selecting double channels and a continuous acquisition function, then building a new project name in a project building function, starting timing detection in an automatic detection function, and inputting interval time;

(6) when an automatic button is clicked to open, the sound wave measuring instrument system starts to automatically acquire data, and the automatically acquired data can be stored in a newly-built engineering project;

(7) after one experiment is finished, taking out the one-transmitting and two-receiving transducer, and then carrying out data processing;

(8) in the data analysis of the operation test software, a newly-built engineering project is opened, and a oscillogram, head wave sound time, head wave amplitude, head wave frequency, head wave speed and time length data can be clearly seen;

(9) according to experimental data measured by an ultrasonic tester, evaluating the well cementation condition of a cement ring in an experiment by using a relative sound amplitude method, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: u is A/A_fp*100％，

In the formula: u is relative sound amplitude; a is the target well section acoustic amplitude, mv; a. the_fpIs the free interval acoustic amplitude, mv.

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