CN111821768B - Water separator and fuel cell - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a water separator and a fuel cell, wherein the water separator comprises a head part water section and a tail part water section, wherein: the head water-dividing section comprises a head main flow pipe and a head drainage pipe, and the head drainage pipe can reversely drain and output the gas separated from the head main flow pipe; the tail water diversion section comprises a tail main flow pipe and a tail drainage pipe, and the tail drainage pipe can reversely drain and output gas separated from the tail main flow pipe. The water separator separates liquid drops and gas in a gas-liquid mixture by using inertia force, can ensure good water separation efficiency, and solves the technical problems of large volume, large flow resistance and the like of the device in the prior art. Further, the water separator can be arranged into a multi-stage flexible structure so as to improve the applicability of the water separator.

Description

Water separator and fuel cell

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a water separator and a fuel cell with the same.

Background

The existing water diversion device for the fuel cell can be divided into two types from the basic principle:

(1) separating liquid drops by using centrifugal force, arranging a guide vane or a baffle plate structure or adopting a spiral flow passage in the water separator to induce a gas-liquid mixture to rotate at high speed, and throwing the liquid drops to the inner wall of the water separator and flowing down downstream under the action of the centrifugal force to achieve the purpose of separating the liquid drops from the gas;

(2) by utilizing the adhesion effect of the liquid drops and adopting the structures such as the filter element or the corrugated plate, the contact area between the liquid drops and the peripheral wall surface is increased, so that the liquid drops are adhered to the wall surface to achieve the purpose of separating the liquid drops from the gas.

For the first type of device, considering the water diversion efficiency, the gas-liquid mixture needs to form a swirl and a centrifugal force which are large enough, so the water diverter has relatively fixed size and larger volume, and is not beneficial to improving the arrangement integration applicability and the system volume power density of the water diversion device. For the second type of device, the flow resistance is too large, resulting in increased performance requirements for the circulation device; under the action of long-time gas scouring, internal materials can fall off to block a flow passage, and the performance of the fuel cell is seriously influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a water separator with a novel structure and a fuel cell provided with the water separator, wherein the water separator separates liquid droplets in a gas-liquid mixture from gas by using an inertial force, and can ensure good water separation efficiency and solve the technical problems of large volume, large flow resistance and the like of the prior art. Further, the water separator can be arranged into a multi-stage flexible structure so as to improve the applicability of the water separator.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a water separator comprising a head water section and a tail water section, wherein:

the head water-dividing section comprises a head main flow pipe and a head drainage pipe, and a mixed fluid inlet and a head fluid outlet are respectively arranged at two ends of the head main flow pipe; the tube orifice at one end of the header drainage tube is a reverse header drainage tube orifice positioned in the header main flow tube, and the direction of the tube orifice is the same as the flow direction of the main fluid in the header main flow tube; the other end pipe orifice of the head drainage pipe is a head air outlet positioned outside the head main flow pipe;

the tail water distribution section comprises a tail main flow pipe and a tail drainage pipe, a tail fluid inlet and a drainage outlet are respectively arranged at two ends of the tail main flow pipe, and the tail fluid inlet is communicated with the head fluid outlet; the pipe orifice at one end of the tail drainage pipe is a tail reverse drainage pipe orifice positioned in the tail main flow pipe, and the direction of the pipe orifice is the same as the flow direction of the main fluid in the tail main flow pipe; and the other end pipe orifice of the tail drainage pipe is provided with a tail gas outlet and a tail gas inlet communicated with the head gas outlet, and the tail gas outlet and the tail gas inlet are both positioned outside the tail main flow pipe.

Specifically, in above-mentioned water knockout drum, still include middle water knockout section, middle water knockout section includes middle mainstream pipe and middle drainage tube, wherein:

the two ends of the middle main flow pipe are respectively connected with the head fluid outlet and the tail fluid inlet;

the pipe orifice at one end of the middle drainage pipe is a middle reverse drainage pipe orifice positioned in the middle main flow pipe, and the direction of the pipe orifice of the middle reverse drainage pipe orifice is the same as the flow direction of the main fluid in the middle main flow pipe; the other end of the middle drainage tube is connected into a communicating tube section, and the two ends of the communicating tube section are respectively provided with a middle air inlet (323) communicated with the head air outlet and a middle air outlet communicated with the tail air inlet.

Specifically, in the above water separator, the intermediate water diversion section is provided in series in a plurality of order, a plurality of the intermediate main flow pipes in the intermediate water diversion section are in end-to-end connection in order, and a plurality of the communicating pipe sections in the intermediate water diversion section are in end-to-end connection in order, and:

the middle water diversion section is positioned at the head end, a middle fluid inlet of the middle main flow pipe is connected with the head fluid outlet, and a middle air inlet (323) in the communication pipe section of the middle drainage pipe is connected with the head air outlet;

and the middle fluid outlet (312) of the middle main flow pipe is connected with the tail fluid inlet, and a middle air outlet in the communicating pipe section of the middle drainage pipe is connected with the tail air inlet.

Specifically, in the water separator described above, the drain opening is located below the side wall of the tail section water section.

Specifically, in the water separator, the head drainage tube, the middle drainage tube and the tail drainage tube are collectively referred to as a drainage tube, and the drainage tube includes a right-angle drainage section and a linear communicating section.

Specifically, in the water separator, a pipeline interface between the head water section and the middle water separation section is connected through a flexible pipe;

and/or the pipeline interface between the middle water distribution section and the tail part water section is connected through a flexible pipe.

Specifically, in the water separator, the head water distribution section, the middle water distribution section and the tail water distribution section are collectively called as a water distribution section, and the flexible pipe is matched with the water distribution section in a manner of interference of 0.5-1 mm.

Specifically, in the water separator, the interfaces between the water separating sections and the flexible pipes are respectively fastened through worm and gear hoops.

Specifically, in the water separator described above, the mixed fluid inlet is provided with a connecting flange;

the water outlet is provided with a pier head structure;

and a pier head structure is arranged at the tail gas outlet.

A fuel cell provided with a water separator as described hereinabove, wherein:

the outlet of the fuel cell stack anode is connected with the mixed fluid inlet in the water separator;

an inlet of an anode circulating device of the fuel cell is connected with an air outlet at the tail part of the water separator;

the tail exhaust system of the fuel cell is connected with the water outlet in the water separator

According to the technical scheme, the water separator provided by the invention can separate liquid drops and gas in mixed fluid by using inertia force, so that good water separation efficiency is ensured. Because the water separator does not need structures such as a centrifugal mechanism, a filter element or a corrugated plate, and the like, the water separator can realize the water separation effect only by a pipeline of an embedded structure, thereby having smaller volume, simple structure and higher arrangement integration adaptability, and the water separator has smaller flow resistance and can avoid the risk of the performance reduction of the galvanic pile caused by the blockage of a flow channel due to the falling of internal materials.

The fuel cell provided by the invention has all the advantages of the water separator because the water separator is arranged.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a water diverter provided in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a first water section provided in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the tail section water section provided in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a water diverter provided in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an intermediate water-splitting section provided in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the water separator according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

Wherein:

1-a first part of water section,

11-a header main flow pipe, 12-a header drainage pipe,

111-mixed fluid inlet, 112-header fluid outlet,

121-head outlet, 122-head reverse drainage orifice;

2-the water section of the tail part,

21-a tail main flow pipe, 22-a tail drainage pipe,

211-tail fluid inlet, 212-drain,

221-tail gas outlet, 222-tail reverse drainage pipe orifice and 223-tail gas inlet;

3-a middle water-dividing section,

31-a middle main flow pipe, 32-a middle drainage pipe,

311-intermediate fluid inlet, 312-intermediate fluid outlet,

321-middle air outlet, 322-middle reverse flow guide pipe mouth, 323-middle air inlet;

4-flexible pipe, 5-worm gear clamp.

Detailed Description

The invention discloses a water separator with a novel structure and a fuel cell provided with the water separator. Further, the water separator can be arranged into a multi-stage flexible structure so as to improve the applicability of the water separator.

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

First embodiment

The invention provides a water divider according to a first specific embodiment.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, fig. 1 is a sectional view of a water separator according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a first water section provided in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the tail section water section provided by a first embodiment of the present invention.

The water separator provided by the first specific embodiment of the present invention includes a head water section 1 and a tail water section 2, wherein:

a) the first partial water section 1 comprises a header main flow tube 11 and a header drain tube 12. Both ends of the header main flow pipe 11 are provided with a mixed fluid inlet 111 and a header fluid outlet 112, respectively. Head drain tube 12 includes a head drain segment and a head gas transmission segment that communicate with each other, wherein: the head part drainage segment extends into the head part main flow pipe 11, and the head part gas transmission segment is positioned outside the head part main flow pipe 11; the end part pipe orifice of the head part drainage segment, which is far away from the head part gas transmission segment, is a head part reverse drainage pipe orifice 122, and the pipe orifice of the head part reverse drainage pipe orifice 122 faces to the same direction as the main fluid flow direction in the head part main flow pipe 11; the end pipe orifice of the head gas transmission section, which is far away from the head drainage section, is a head gas outlet 121, and the head gas outlet 121 extends out of the head main flow pipe 11.

b) The tail section water section 2 comprises a tail main flow pipe 21 and a tail draft pipe 22. One end of the rear main flow pipe 21 is a rear fluid inlet 211 communicated with the head fluid outlet 112, and the other end is provided with a water discharge outlet 212. The tail draft tube 22 includes a tail draft section and a tail gas transfer section that communicate with each other, wherein: the tail drainage section extends into the tail main flow pipe 21, and the tail gas transmission section is positioned outside the tail main flow pipe 21; the port of the tail drainage section, which is far away from the tail gas transmission section, is a tail reverse drainage pipe port 222, and the direction of the pipe port of the tail reverse drainage pipe port 222 is the same as the flow direction of the main fluid in the tail main flow pipe 21; the end pipe orifice of the tail gas transmission section far away from the tail drainage section comprises a tail gas outlet 221 and a tail gas inlet 223 communicated with the head gas outlet 121.

It should be noted that the main fluid flow direction in the header main flow pipe 11 herein refers to a main flow direction of the mixed fluid entering the header main flow pipe 11 from the mixed fluid inlet 111, and specifically, refer to an arrow direction marked horizontally in the header main flow pipe 11 in fig. 1 to 4. Similarly, the main fluid flow direction in the tail main flow pipe 21 refers to the main flow direction of the mixed fluid entering the tail main flow pipe 21 from the split flow, and specifically, refer to the arrow direction marked horizontally in the tail main flow pipe 21 in fig. 1 to 4.

Furthermore, it should be noted that the nozzle of the header reverse flow nozzle 122 is oriented in the same direction as the main fluid flow direction in the header main flow pipe 11, so that the gas flow direction in the header flow section is opposite to the mixed fluid flow direction in the header main flow pipe 11, so that the header drain pipe 12 can reversely lead out the gas separated in the header main flow pipe 11. This is because the liquid droplets in the mixed fluid have large mass and large inertia, and are difficult to change the flow direction, that is, the liquid droplets directly flow forward over the head reverse drainage tube opening 122 under the inertia effect, and are not easy to be drained into the head drainage tube 12; and the gas component in the mixed fluid has light weight and small inertia, so that the gas component is easily drained into the head drainage tube 12, and the effect of gas-liquid separation is achieved. Similarly, the pipe orifice orientation of the tail reverse drainage pipe orifice 222 is the same as the main fluid flow direction in the tail main flow pipe 21, so that the gas flow direction in the tail drainage section is opposite to the flow direction of the mixed fluid in the tail main flow pipe 21, and the tail drainage pipe 22 can reversely lead out the separated gas in the tail main flow pipe 21, thereby achieving the effect of gas-liquid separation. In addition, the outer side of the water outlet 212 is generally connected to a closed water tank, so that only separated liquid water enters the water outlet 212, and the remaining air flow after gas-liquid separation in the tail main flow pipe 21 is output from the tail air outlet 221. The gas stream exiting the tail gas outlet 221 may be considered dry gas with acceptable humidity because a sufficient amount of liquid water has been separated.

The working process of the water separator is as follows:

(1) the gas-liquid mixed fluid enters the head main flow pipe 11 through the mixed fluid inlet 111.

(2) Then, at the cephalad reverse drainage tube orifice 122 of cephalad drainage tube 12: the gas with lighter weight is guided into the head drainage tube 12 and then is output from the tail gas outlet 221; the heavier droplets and the remaining mixed fluid flow forward over the forward counter-drainage nozzle 122 under inertia into the aft main flow tube 21. Referring specifically to fig. 2, the dashed arrows in fig. 2 indicate the direction of flow of the separated gas, and the solid arrows indicate the direction of flow of the mixed fluid and the separated liquid.

(3) Finally, at the tail reverse draft tube port 222 of the tail draft tube 22: the gas with lighter weight and the remaining mixed fluid (the mixed fluid at the position has lower humidity after gas-liquid separation and can be regarded as dry gas with qualified humidity obtained after gas-liquid separation) are guided into the tail drainage tube 22 and then output from the tail gas outlet 221; the heavier droplets are inertially directed forward past the trailing counter-flow nozzle 222 and are eventually discharged through the discharge port 212. Referring specifically to fig. 3, the dashed arrows in fig. 3 indicate the direction of flow of the separated gas, and the solid arrows indicate the direction of flow of the mixed fluid and the separated liquid.

In conclusion, the invention innovatively provides the water separator with a novel structure, the water separator separates liquid drops in mixed fluid from gas by using inertia force, and the water separator can ensure good water separation efficiency. Because this water knockout drum does not need structures such as centrifugal mechanism, filter core or buckled plate, only needs the pipeline of nested structure can realize the effect of dividing to the volume is less, simple structure, and it is higher to arrange integrated adaptability, and this water knockout drum flow resistance is less moreover, can avoid inside material to drop to cause the runner to block up the risk that arouses the galvanic pile performance to descend.

Specifically, in the above-described water knockout vessel, the drain opening 212 is located below the side wall of the tail section water section 2. Referring to fig. 1, the large arrows in fig. 1 indicate the direction of water drainage.

Specifically, in the water separator, the head drainage tube 12 and the tail drainage tube 22 are collectively referred to as a drainage tube, and the drainage tube includes a right-angle drainage section and a linear communication section. Wherein, the drainage section of right angle type is convenient for reverse drainage, and the pipeline of being convenient for of linear type intercommunication section connects gradually.

Specifically, in the water separator described above, the head water separation section 1 and the tail water separation section 2 are collectively referred to as a water separation section. The pipeline interfaces between the first part water section 1 and the tail part water section 2 are connected through a flexible pipe 4; the flexible pipe 4 is matched with each water diversion section in an interference manner of 0.5-1 mm; and the interfaces between the water diversion sections and the flexible pipe 4 are respectively fastened through worm and gear clamps 5 to ensure the sealing performance.

See fig. 1 in particular: the head gas outlet 121 of the head drainage tube 12 in the head water section 1 and the tail gas inlet 223 of the tail drainage tube 22 in the tail water section 2 are connected through a flexible tube 4, and two ends of the flexible tube 4 are fastened through a worm gear clamp 5 respectively; the head fluid outlet 112 of the head main flow pipe 11 in the head water section 1 and the tail fluid inlet 211 of the tail main flow pipe 21 in the tail water section 2 are connected through a flexible pipe 4, and two ends of the flexible pipe 4 are fastened through a worm gear clamp 5 respectively.

Specifically, the head water section 1 and the tail water section 2 are machined or processed in a die sinking and welding mode, and the flexible pipe 4 can be processed into a special-shaped connecting pipeline in a die sinking mode according to arrangement requirements.

Particularly, the pipeline interface of each water distribution section is preferably set into a pier structure to enhance the sealing connection effect.

The water separator provided by the first embodiment of the invention can be applied to the anode of a fuel cell to separate gas from liquid of gas-liquid mixed fluid at the position. Wherein:

the mixed fluid inlet 111 is a gas-liquid mixture inlet and is provided with a connecting flange, so that the flange surface is directly connected with the anode outlet of the galvanic pile;

the water outlet 212 is used for discharging separated liquid water, and the water outlet 212 is provided with a pier head structure so as to be connected to a tail discharge position of the system by adopting the pier head structure and a flexible pipeline;

the tail gas outlet 221 is a dry gas outlet and is used for outputting gas separated from the water separator, and the tail gas outlet 221 is provided with a pier head structure so as to be connected with an inlet of the anode circulating device by adopting the pier head structure and a flexible pipeline.

Second embodiment

The invention provides a water separator according to a second embodiment.

Referring to fig. 4 to 6, fig. 4 is a sectional view of a water separator according to a second embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an intermediate water-splitting section provided in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention; fig. 6 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the water separator according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

The water separator provided in the second embodiment of the present invention differs from the water separator provided in the first embodiment of the present invention only in that: the water separator provided in the second embodiment of the present invention is further provided with an intermediate water-separating section 3 on the basis of the water separator provided in the first embodiment, and the intermediate water-separating section 3 includes an intermediate main flow pipe 31 and an intermediate drainage pipe 32.

Wherein, two ends of the middle main flow pipe 31 are respectively connected with the head fluid outlet 112 and the tail fluid inlet 211; the nozzle at one end of the middle drainage tube 32 is a middle reverse drainage tube nozzle 322 positioned in the middle main flow tube 31, and the nozzle of the middle reverse drainage tube nozzle faces to the same direction as the main fluid flow direction in the middle main flow tube 31; the other end of the middle drainage tube 32 is connected to a communicating tube section, and the two ends of the communicating tube section are respectively provided with a middle air inlet 323 communicated with the head air outlet 121 and a middle air outlet 321 communicated with the tail air inlet 223.

It should be noted that the main fluid flow direction in the intermediate main flow pipe 31 herein refers to a main flow direction of the mixed fluid entering the intermediate main flow pipe 31, and specifically, refer to a horizontal rightward arrow direction in the intermediate main flow pipe 31 in fig. 4 and 5.

Specifically, in the water separator, the head drainage tube 12, the middle drainage tube 32 and the tail drainage tube 22 are collectively referred to as a drainage tube, and the drainage tube comprises a right-angle drainage section and a linear communication section. Wherein, the drainage section of right angle type is convenient for reverse drainage, and the pipeline of being convenient for of linear type intercommunication section connects gradually.

Specifically, in the water separator, a pipeline interface between the first part water section 1 and the middle water section 3 is connected through a flexible pipe 4; and/or the pipeline interface between the middle water diversion section 3 and the tail water diversion section 2 is connected through a flexible pipe 4. And, the head divides water section 1, middle branch water section 3, afterbody divides water section 2 to be collectively called the branch water section, adopts interference 0.5~1 mm's mode to cooperate between each branch water section and the flexible pipe 4, and the kneck between each branch water section and the flexible pipe 4 is fastened through worm gear clamp 5 respectively to ensure the leakproofness.

Specifically, the intermediate water diversion section 3 is machined or processed in a mode of die sinking and welding.

Third embodiment

The third embodiment of the invention provides a water separator.

The water separator provided in the third embodiment of the present invention is different from the water separator provided in the second embodiment of the present invention only in that: the middle water distribution sections are sequentially connected in series to form a plurality of middle main flow pipes, the middle main flow pipes in the middle water distribution sections are sequentially connected in an end-to-end mode, and the communicating pipe sections in the middle water distribution sections are sequentially connected in an end-to-end mode. Referring to fig. 4 in particular, a water separator provided in a third embodiment of the present invention is provided with a plurality of intermediate water separating sections 3 in parallel on the basis of fig. 4.

Wherein, in the middle water-dividing section 3 at the head end, the middle fluid inlet 311 of the middle main flow pipe 31 is connected with the head fluid outlet 112, and the middle air inlet 323 in the communicating pipe section of the middle draft tube 32 is connected with the head air outlet 121; in the middle water diversion section 3 at the tail end, the middle fluid outlet 312 of the middle main flow pipe 31 is connected with the tail fluid inlet 211, and the middle air outlet 321 in the communication pipe section of the middle drainage pipe 32 is connected with the tail air inlet 223.

Specifically, in the water separator, the head water separation section 1, the middle water separation section 3 and the tail water separation section 2 are collectively called as water separation sections, and the pipeline interfaces between the adjacent water separation sections are respectively connected through flexible pipes 4 and fastened through a worm gear clamp 5.

It can be seen that the water separator provided in the second and third embodiments of the present invention is designed to be a multi-stage flexible structure on the basis of ensuring good water separation efficiency. The water knockout drum of this structure can be according to the space of arranging of difference and the efficiency demand of dividing, and corresponding increase and decrease divides the water progression (increase and decrease the quantity of arranging of middle water diversion section 3 promptly), also can carry out flexible adjustment to the overall dimension of water knockout drum, makes various dysmorphism structure water diversion devices even to can furthest promote the arrangement suitability of water knockout drum.

In conclusion, the water separator provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of wide applicability, small flow resistance, pollution prevention and low cost, is simple in structure and convenient to process and assemble, avoids the risks of overlarge flow resistance and possibility of falling off and blocking a flow channel due to an internal structure of the traditional water separator utilizing the adhesion effect of liquid drops, reduces the cost of a water separator and can generate better economic benefit.

Bench tests show that the water separator provided by each embodiment of the invention has a good water separation effect.

Fourth embodiment

A fourth embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell, in particular a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The fuel cell is provided with a water separator as provided in any of the embodiments above. Wherein: the stack anode outlet of the fuel cell is connected (preferably by a flexible tube) to the mixed fluid inlet 111 in the water separator; the inlet of the anode circulating device of the fuel cell is connected with the tail gas outlet 221 in the water separator (preferably connected by a flexible pipe); the fuel cell's exhaust system is connected (preferably by flexible tubing) to a drain 212 in the water separator.

Finally, it should also be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. A water separator, characterized in that, includes head portion water section (1) and afterbody water section (2), wherein:

the first part water section (1) comprises a head main flow pipe (11) and a head drainage pipe (12), wherein a mixed fluid inlet (111) and a head fluid outlet (112) are respectively arranged at two ends of the head main flow pipe (11); an orifice at one end of the head drainage pipe (12) is a head reverse drainage orifice (122) positioned in the head main flow pipe (11), and the orifice of the head reverse drainage orifice faces to the same direction as the main fluid flow in the head main flow pipe (11); a pipe orifice at the other end of the head drainage pipe (12) is a head air outlet (121) positioned outside the head main flow pipe (11);

the tail part water section (2) comprises a tail part main flow pipe (21) and a tail part drainage pipe (22), two ends of the tail part main flow pipe (21) are respectively provided with a tail part fluid inlet (211) and a drainage outlet (212), and the tail part fluid inlet (211) is communicated with the head part fluid outlet (112); a pipe orifice at one end of the tail drainage pipe (22) is a tail reverse drainage pipe orifice (222) positioned in the tail main flow pipe (21), and the pipe orifice of the tail reverse drainage pipe orifice faces the same direction as the main fluid flow direction in the tail main flow pipe (21); a tail air outlet (221) and a tail air inlet (223) communicated with the head air outlet (121) are arranged at the other end pipe opening of the tail drainage pipe (22), and the tail air outlet (221) and the tail air inlet (223) are both positioned outside the tail main flow pipe (21);

and the pipeline interfaces between the head part water section (1) and the tail part water section (2) are connected through flexible pipes.

2. The water separator according to claim 1, further comprising an intermediate water-dividing section (3), the intermediate water-dividing section (3) comprising an intermediate main flow pipe (31) and an intermediate draft pipe (32), wherein:

both ends of the middle main flow pipe (31) are respectively connected with the head fluid outlet (112) and the tail fluid inlet (211);

one end pipe opening of the middle drainage pipe (32) is a middle reverse drainage pipe opening (322) positioned in the middle main flow pipe (31), and the pipe opening of the middle reverse drainage pipe opening faces to the same direction as the main fluid flow direction in the middle main flow pipe (31); the other end of the middle drainage tube (32) is connected into a communicating tube section, and the two ends of the communicating tube section are respectively provided with a middle air inlet (323) communicated with the head air outlet (121) and a middle air outlet (321) communicated with the tail air inlet (223).

3. The water separator according to claim 2, characterized in that a plurality of said intermediate water-dividing sections (3) are arranged in series in sequence, said intermediate main flow pipes (31) of said plurality of said intermediate water-dividing sections (3) are in sequence end-to-end, said communicating pipe sections of said plurality of said intermediate water-dividing sections (3) are in sequence end-to-end, and:

-in the intermediate water distribution section (3) at the head end, an intermediate fluid inlet (311) of the intermediate main flow pipe (31) is connected with the head fluid outlet (112), and an intermediate gas inlet (323) in the communicating pipe section of the intermediate draft pipe (32) is connected with the head gas outlet (121);

and the middle fluid outlet (312) of the middle main flow pipe (31) is connected with the tail fluid inlet (211) in the middle water diversion section (3) at the tail end, and the middle air outlet (321) in the communication pipe section of the middle drainage pipe (32) is connected with the tail air inlet (223).

4. The water separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the drain opening (212) is located below the side wall of the tail section water section (2).

5. The water separator according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the head draft tube (12), the middle draft tube (32) and the tail draft tube (22) are collectively called draft tube, and the draft tube comprises a right-angled draft section and a straight-line type communicating section.

6. The water separator according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the pipe connection between the head water section (1) and the intermediate water separation section (3) is connected by means of a flexible pipe (4); and the pipeline interface between the middle water distribution section (3) and the tail water distribution section (2) is connected through a flexible pipe (4).

7. The water separator according to claim 6, wherein the head water dividing section (1), the middle water dividing section (3) and the tail water dividing section (2) are collectively called as water dividing sections, and the flexible pipe (4) and the water dividing sections are matched in an interference manner of 0.5-1 mm.

8. The water separator according to claim 7, characterized in that the interfaces between the water separator section and the flexible pipe (4) are each fastened by a worm gear clamp (5).

9. The water separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixed fluid inlet (111) is provided with a connecting flange;

the water outlet (212) is provided with a pier head structure;

and a pier head structure is arranged at the tail gas outlet (221).

10. A fuel cell characterized by being provided with the water separator according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein:

the fuel cell stack anode outlet is connected with the mixed fluid inlet (111) in the water separator;

the inlet of the anode circulating device of the fuel cell is connected with a tail gas outlet (221) in the water separator;

the fuel cell's exhaust system is connected to a drain (212) in the water separator.

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