CN111820240A - 一种基于纳米金属丝的抗菌消毒添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于纳米金属丝的抗菌消毒添加剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111820240A CN111820240A CN202010630947.6A CN202010630947A CN111820240A CN 111820240 A CN111820240 A CN 111820240A CN 202010630947 A CN202010630947 A CN 202010630947A CN 111820240 A CN111820240 A CN 111820240A
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种抑菌消毒添加剂,包括等体积配比的壳聚糖乳酸溶液、十二烷基苯磺酸溶液和纳米金属丝溶液,纳米金属丝在溶液中的结构为一维纳米结构,一维纳米结构持续释放金属离子,并且附着力强、反应活性更强。将添加剂添加到洗手液、消毒液、洗衣液等成分中,可以带来优异的抗菌抗病毒效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种清洁用品,尤其涉及一种具有日常清洁功能的纳米金属丝抑菌消毒添加剂及其制备方法。
技术背景
在车站、学校、商场等公共活动场所,细菌和病菌很容易粘在地面、墙壁、桌椅甚至空气之中。随着人们生活水平的提高和对细菌和病毒致病知识的普及,消毒液、抗菌洗手液、消毒洗衣液已经成为日常生活中必备的清洁用品。
传统消毒抑菌的主要成分是氯化合物,具有一定的挥发性和毒性:氯化合物由胃肠进入机体后,可导致食管及胃肠粘膜细胞坏死、脱落,出现食道灼伤、中毒性胃肠炎等。同时还导致机体出现肠菌群失调,引发急性呼吸衰竭、急性肾功能衰竭,损伤造血系统等。
纳米银颗粒作为新型的抗菌剂,具有较强的活性,能破坏细菌蛋白中的-SH基,使细胞合成酶的活性降低,阻碍细菌的呼吸及物质传送,短时间内即杀死细菌,达到抗菌目的。
纳米银颗粒抗菌剂作用机理有以下几个方面:
(1)干扰细胞壁的合成。细菌细胞壁重要组分为肽聚糖,纳米银颗粒抗菌剂对细胞壁具有干扰作用,主要抑制多糖链与四肽交联连结,从而使细胞壁失去完整性,失去了对渗透压的保护作用,损害菌体而死亡。
(2)可损伤细胞膜。细胞膜是细菌细胞生命活动重要的组成部分。因此,如细胞膜受损伤、破坏,将导致细菌死亡。
(3)抑制蛋白质的合成。使蛋白质的合成过程变更、停止、导致细菌死亡。
(4)干扰核酸的合成。阻碍遗传信息的复制,包括DNA、RNA的合成,以及DNA模板转录mRNA等。
(5)吸附作用使微生物失活。因为纳米银颗粒对液体中的微生物具有吸附作用,微生物被纳米银颗粒吸附后,起呼吸作用的酶就失去功效,微生物就会迅速死亡。
纳米银作为一种高效抗菌剂,国内外对纳米银的抗菌作用方面的研究报道很多,但对纳米银的抗病毒作用研究报告较少。近几年,纳米银的抗病毒作用的研究已慢慢展开,并且已取得了比较可喜的结果。纳米银颗粒与病毒的尺寸比较相似,因此抗病毒的机理也有一些不同,目前研究结论中可能的抗病毒机制有:纳米银对病毒的机械性吸附和固定作用;纳米银可以阻止病毒进入宿主细胞,抑制病毒与细胞受体结合;纳米银可与病毒核酸结合,使病毒DNA或RNA结构改变;纳米银释放出来的Ag+直接对病毒具有破坏作用。
因此,现有技术中纳米银颗粒被添加在传统的洗手液、洗衣液中作为抗菌成分,如中国发明专利CN102860923B中的一种纳米银抑菌洗手液及其制备方法,中国发明专利CN104287979A中的一种含载银介孔硅免洗抗菌洗手液及其制备方法等。然而,颗粒状纳米银存在两个缺陷,一是附着力有限,纳米银抗菌的原理是纳米银附着在细菌上并且细菌的生物活性酶和DNA反应,而纳米银颗粒附着力有限,容易脱落,导致杀菌效果不佳。二是反应活性有待进一步提高。
本发明针对纳米银颗粒的有限附着力和反应活性,提供一种基于纳米金属丝的抗菌消毒添加剂,同时具有广谱抗菌杀菌、抗菌持久、无挥发性,可添加至传统洗手液、洗衣液或消毒液形成新的配方,具有更强更持久的杀菌效果。
发明内容
为了能够解决上述问题,本发明提出了以下方案:
将壳聚糖乳酸溶液、十二烷基苯磺酸溶液、纳米金属丝溶液按照等体积配比提供抑菌消毒添加剂,纳米金属丝在溶液中的结构为一维纳米结构,一维纳米结构持续释放金属离子,并且附着力强、反应活性更强,通过调节溶液的搅拌时间和超声处理时间以调节纳米金属丝的物理参数,获得更佳的消毒、抑菌效果。将添加剂添加到洗手液、消毒液、洗衣液等成分中,可以带来优异的抗菌抗病毒效果。
具体来说,本发明采用如下技术方案实现本发明的发明目的:
本发明提供一种基于纳米金属丝的抑菌消毒添加剂,包含:壳聚糖乳酸溶液和十二烷基苯磺酸溶液,所述添加剂还包含纳米金属丝溶液。
根据本发明的另一个方面,所述壳聚糖乳酸溶液、十二烷基苯磺酸溶液和纳米金属丝溶液按体积份计,具有相同的体积。
根据本发明的另一个方面,所述壳聚糖乳酸溶液的浓度为0.5%-3%,优选为1%,所述十二烷基苯磺酸溶液的浓度为0.001-0.008g/ml,优选为0.002g/ml。
根据本发明的另一个方面,所述纳米金属丝在溶液中的结构为一维纳米结构。
根据本发明的另一个方面,所述纳米金属丝材料为银、铜、锌等金属或二氧化钛等金属氧化物。
根据本发明的另一个方面,所述纳米金属丝的直径为1nm-500nm,长度为10um-1mm,长径比大于100,所述纳米金属丝为线状、柱状或环状。
本发明还提供了一种基于纳米金属丝的抑菌消毒添加剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将壳聚糖溶解于乳酸溶液中,添加相同体积的纳米金属丝溶液和十二烷基苯磺酸溶液;经超声处理后,搅拌。
根据本发明的另一个方面,所述搅拌时间不小于所述超声处理时间的3倍。
本发明还提供了一种抑菌消毒洗手液,包含上述基于纳米金属丝的抑菌消毒添加剂。
本发明还提供了一种抑菌消毒液,包含上述基于纳米金属丝的抑菌消毒添加剂。
本发明还提供了一种抑菌消毒洗衣液,包含上述基于纳米金属丝的抑菌消毒添加剂。
由本发明的技术方案可知,强活性的纳米金属丝可与细菌的生物活性酶和DNA反应,切断细菌繁殖途径,或使细菌蛋白质变性,使其呼吸及代谢受到破坏;纳米金属丝可在空气中产生活性氧,细菌蛋白中的-SH基被活性氧破坏,从而降低细菌的呼吸活动和物质传送。
纳米金属丝因为具有极大的长径比,具有更强的附着力,不易脱落,可以实现更长久的杀菌效果;纳米金属丝因为其长条状的结构,具有更强的反应活性,对细菌的破坏性更强,抗菌效果更好。
附图说明
图1示出本发明的纳米金属丝电镜形貌图。
图2示出本发明的纳米金属丝在溶液中的第一形态。
图3示出本发明的纳米金属丝在溶液中的第二形态。
图4示出本发明的纳米金属丝在溶液中的第三形态。
图5示出本发明的基于纳米金属丝的抗菌消毒添加剂的抑菌速度效果。
图6示出本发明的基于纳米金属丝的抗菌消毒添加剂的抑菌耐久性效果。
附图标记
1、溶液;2、纳米金属丝。
具体实施方式
以下将参考附图详细描述本发明基于纳米金属丝的抑菌消毒添加剂及其制备方法。
本发明的基于纳米金属丝的抑菌消毒添加剂的成分、比例及制备方法。
成分及比例:
基于纳米金属丝的抑菌消毒添加剂按体积份计,包含:纳米金属丝溶液1(份),壳聚糖乳酸溶液1份(浓度1%),十二烷基苯磺酸溶液1份(浓度0.002g/ml)。
纳米金属丝消毒添加剂制备:将壳聚糖溶解于乳酸溶液中,配置成1%浓度的壳聚糖溶液;添加相同体积的纳米金属丝溶液;添加相同体积的浓度为0.002g/ml的十二烷基苯磺酸溶液;超声处理20分钟后,搅拌1-2小时。
所述纳米金属丝溶液包含聚乙烯吡咯烷酮PVP、硝酸银AgNO3和丙二醇。按质量和体积比,一份PVP 0.4g,一份AgNO3 0.1g,一份丙二醇10ml。
所述纳米金属银丝溶液的制备方法如下:采用硝酸银AgNO3,丙二醇,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮PVP为原料,分别配置相同体积的AgNO3-丙二醇溶液、PVP-丙二醇溶液,浓度分别为0.35-0.42mol/L和0.05-0.07mol/L;在160-180℃温度下将PVP-丙二醇溶液加热30-60分钟,加热过程中剧烈搅拌;加入占所配体积1/10-1/9的AgNO3-丙二醇溶液,加热回流3-4分钟;再次加入相同体积的AgNO3-丙二醇溶液,加热回流1分钟;在8-14分钟内将剩下的AgNO3-丙二醇溶液加完,反应25-40分钟,制备出纳米金属银丝溶液。
所述纳米金属丝在溶液中的结构为一维纳米结构,直径为1nm-500nm,长度为10um-1mm,长径比大于100。本发明所述的一维纳米材料,是指直径在纳米尺度,长度在微米尺度甚至更长,长径比大于100的纤维状材料。
金属一维纳米材料形貌可以是柱状和环状,其形状在成品中具有一定的弯曲或弧度,不呈现为笔直的刚性结构。所述柱状不是刚性笔直,是指一维纳米材料是长条形的。所述环状可以是任意弯曲形状或首尾相连的闭合环形。将所述纳米金属丝的溶液喷洒在玻璃片上,可以在显微镜下看到如图1的,整体形成相互连接的网络的金属丝状物,而传统的抗菌添加剂喷洒在玻璃片上,在显微镜下没有形成网络状结构的纤维状丝状物。
本发明所制备的纳米金属丝能够持续释放金属离子,而金属离子具有抗菌和抗病毒效果,因此具有长时间持续抗菌抗病毒作用。除此之外,因为纳米金属丝具有极大的长径比,具有更强的附着力,不易脱落,可以实现更长久的杀菌效果;纳米金属丝因为其长条状的结构,具有更强的反应活性,对细菌和病毒的破坏性更强,抗菌和抗病毒效果更好。
本发明的纳米金属丝消毒添加剂可以添加到洗手液、消毒液、洗衣液等成分中,并且带来优异的抗菌抗病毒效果。
基于本发明的纳米金属丝抑菌消毒添加剂洗手液成分包括:纳米金属丝消毒添加剂200ml,蒸馏水1000ml,月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠90-100克,椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱50-60克,烷基葡萄糖苷40-50克,丙三醇60-70克,柠檬酸钠缓冲液约300ml,缓冲液的PH=5-6。其准备方法如下::取200ml上述纳米金属丝添加剂溶于1000ml蒸馏水中,添加月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠90-100克、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱50-60克、烷基葡萄糖苷40-50克、丙三醇60-70克,搅拌均匀;测PH值,用柠檬酸钠缓冲液调至PH=6-7,使其接近于中性,搅拌2小时,使其充分混合均匀;超声处理30分钟,静置36小时,装瓶,即可得纳米金属丝抗菌洗手液。
基于本发明的纳米金属丝抑菌消毒添加剂的消毒液成分包括:等体积配比的维生素溶液(浓度0.05mol/L)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液(0.1mol/L)、醋酸洗必泰溶液(浓度0.005mol/L)和纳米金属丝消毒添加剂。其制备方法包括:以去离子水作溶剂,分别制备相同体积的0.005-0.1mol/L的维生素C溶液、0.005-0.3mol/L的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液和0.001-0.01mol/L的醋酸洗必泰溶液;加入相同体积的纳米金属丝抗菌溶液,在45-55℃下搅拌3-5小时,冷却、装瓶,即可得纳米金属丝抗菌消毒液。
基于本发明的纳米金属丝抑菌消毒添加剂的洗衣液成分包括:按质量分数比,油酸5%、棕榈酸5%、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚10%、无患子提取液3%、氢氧化钾3%、氯化钠3%、卡松0.5%、香料0.5%,纳米金属丝抗菌溶液0.05%、和余量的去离子水。其制备方法如下:按质量分数比称取1%-10%油酸、1%-5%棕榈酸、5%-15%脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、1%-5%无患子提取液、1%-5%氢氧化钾、1%-5%氯化钠、0.1%-0.5%卡松、0.1%-0.5%香料、0.01%-0.05%纳米金属丝抗菌溶液和余量的去离子水作为原料;在50-70℃的反应釜中依次添加去离子水、氢氧化钾、油酸和棕榈酸,搅拌约20分钟;向反应釜中依次加入脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、无患子提取液,搅拌约30分钟;添加适量柠檬酸调节PH值至中性;降温至30℃,加入纳米金属丝抗菌溶液,搅拌10分钟;依次加入氯化钠、卡松和香料,搅拌20分钟,即可得纳米金属丝抗菌洗衣液。
所述纳米金属丝消毒添加剂可以添加到洗手液、消毒液、洗衣液等,添加后洗手液、消毒液和洗衣液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌等细菌的抗(抑)菌率大于99%。(参考GB/T20944.2-2007吸收法进行测试)、对H1N1等病毒的抗病毒活性率>99%(参考ISO 21702-2019进行测试)。具有高效的抗菌抗病毒效果。如图5,在一定剂量的各种杀菌灭菌产品对大肠杆菌杀灭速度的对比中,纳米金属丝添加剂其对大肠杆菌的杀菌速度在1小时能够达到几乎为0的杀菌效果,而传统的纳米银颗粒添加剂在1.5小时以上才能够有如此杀菌效果。传统的添加有机系添加剂和不添加抗菌剂的产品中,杀菌效果不明显。另外,纳米金属丝添加剂具有更持久的杀菌效果。
如图6所示,其抗(抑)菌率和抗病毒活性率在使用添加纳米金属丝消毒添加剂的产品至少5天后仍然可以达标,而在一定剂量下,传统的纳米银颗粒添加剂在使用5天左右菌落开始大幅度增长,从而失去耐久抗菌效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不以上述实施方式为限,但凡本领域普通技术人员根据本发明所揭示内容所作的等效修饰或变化,皆应纳入权利要求书中记载的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种基于纳米金属丝的抑菌消毒添加剂,包含:壳聚糖乳酸溶液和十二烷基苯磺酸溶液,其特征在于,所述添加剂还包含纳米金属丝溶液。
2.如权利要求1所述的基于纳米金属丝的抑菌消毒添加剂,其特征在于:所述壳聚糖乳酸溶液、十二烷基苯磺酸溶液和纳米金属丝溶液按体积份计具有相同的体积。
3.如权利要求1-2所述的基于纳米金属丝的抑菌消毒添加剂,其特征在于:所述壳聚糖乳酸溶液的浓度为0.5%-3%,优选为1%,所述十二烷基苯磺酸溶液的浓度为0.001-0.008g/ml,优选为0.002g/ml。
4.如权利要求1-3所述的基于纳米金属丝的抑菌消毒添加剂,其特征在于:所述纳米金属丝在溶液中的结构为一维纳米结构。
5.如权利要求1-4所述的基于纳米金属丝的抑菌消毒添加剂,其特征在于:所述纳米金属丝的直径为1nm-500nm,长度为10um-1mm,长径比大于100,所述纳米金属丝为线状、柱状或环状。
6.如权利要求1-4所述的基于纳米金属丝的抑菌消毒添加剂,所述纳米金属丝材料为银、铜、锌等金属或二氧化钛等金属氧化物。
7.一种制备权利要求1-6所述的基于纳米金属丝的抑菌消毒添加剂的方法,包括以下步骤:将壳聚糖溶解于乳酸溶液中,添加相同体积的纳米金属丝溶液和十二烷基苯磺酸溶液;经超声处理后,搅拌,其特征在于,所述搅拌时间不小于所述超声处理时间的3倍。
8.一种抑菌消毒洗手液,其特征在于:包含如权利要求1-6所述的基于纳米金属丝的抑菌消毒添加剂。
9.一种抑菌消毒液,其特征在于:包含如权利要求1-6所述的基于纳米金属丝的抑菌消毒添加剂。
10.一种抑菌消毒洗衣液,其特征在于:包含如权利要求1-6所述的基于纳米金属丝的抑菌消毒添加剂。
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