CN111804004B

CN111804004B - Extraction and leaching method of traditional Chinese medicine

Info

Publication number: CN111804004B
Application number: CN202010766891.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 于兴洲
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Harbin Xingbencao Technology Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2020-08-03
Filing date: 2020-08-03
Publication date: 2021-07-20
Anticipated expiration: 2040-08-03
Also published as: CN111804004A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for extracting and leaching Chinese medicinal herbs, which is realized by continuously and alternately percolating and decocting. The method fully exerts the advantages of high decoction temperature, high leaching kinetic energy, large gradient of percolation concentration and high leaching efficiency, and obtains excellent leaching effect. The extraction and extraction process of health food, plant and animal extract and some common food is similar to that of Chinese medicine preparation, so that the present invention may be also used. The invention is not only suitable for single traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces, but also suitable for compound preparations.

Description

Extraction and leaching method of traditional Chinese medicine

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for extracting traditional Chinese medicine.

Background

One of the methods of decoction, reflux, percolation, immersion, distillation and the like is usually selected when the traditional Chinese medicine preparation is extracted and leached, and the decoction is most commonly used at present and is the closest to the traditional decoction. Generally, the decoction is carried out twice or three times, the liquid medicine is combined, the boiling time of each decoction is about 1-2 hours, the total adding amount of a decoction solvent (such as water) is about 18-30 times of the amount of the medicinal materials, and a large amount of energy is consumed for further preparation and concentration of the liquid medicine (taking steam as an example, 0.6-0.8 ton of steam is consumed for evaporating one ton of water even if the concentration is carried out under reduced pressure). The decocting temperature is about 100 ℃, the penetration kinetic energy of the solvent and the leaching kinetic energy of the solution are higher, but the concentration gradient is smaller in the process, and the solute leaching efficiency is lower.

The distillation and reflux processes are similar to the decoction process, and the problems of high energy consumption and low leaching efficiency exist.

The percolation method is long in use time (48-120 hours, 48 hours are needed at least), the using amount of a solvent can be less than that of decoction, the concentration gradient is large in the process, and the leaching efficiency is high; however, the percolation method is mostly at room temperature or low temperature (40-50 ℃), so that the permeation kinetic energy of the solvent and the leaching kinetic energy of the solute are low.

The impregnation method has the defects of low leaching efficiency and long time consumption.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an extraction and leaching method with less solvent consumption, low energy consumption and high solute leaching efficiency.

The extraction and leaching method of the traditional Chinese medicine is realized by continuously and alternately performing percolation and decoction.

In the extraction and leaching process of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation, the invention abandons the concept of only adopting a single method originally, combines two methods of decoction and percolation for continuous and alternate use, and the method of the invention can be used for decoction firstly or percolation firstly. The invention percolates for a period of time, then stops percolating and immediately boils the medicinal materials for a period of time, then keeps warm and immediately percolates for a period of time, then stops percolating and immediately boils the medicinal materials for a period of time, and the steps are continuously and alternately carried out. The method can be called as a 'decoction and percolation continuous alternating method'.

The method fully exerts the advantages of high decoction temperature, high leaching kinetic energy, large gradient of percolation concentration and high leaching efficiency, and obtains excellent leaching effect. In the decocting and percolating processes, the solvent is at a high temperature (0.2-10 ℃ lower than the boiling point of the solvent), and the solvent permeation and solute leaching kinetic energy is greatly improved on the premise of ensuring that leaching components are unchanged. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that most of the time in the extraction and leaching process is percolation, and the extraction and leaching process is in a large concentration gradient environment for a long time, so that the leaching efficiency is high, and the leaching of solutes is facilitated. The method of the invention promotes the phase turbulence between the medicinal materials and the solvent by short-time decoction (boiling), which is beneficial to the leaching of solute.

The extraction and extraction process of health food (non-nutrient supplement), plant and animal extract and part of common food is similar to that of Chinese medicine preparation, so that the invented method can also be used. The invention is not only suitable for single traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces, but also suitable for compound preparations.

Detailed Description

The first embodiment is as follows: the method for extracting and leaching the traditional Chinese medicine is realized by continuously and alternately performing percolation and decoction.

In the embodiment, the traditional Chinese medicinal materials are soaked in the solvent and then decocted for a short time (such as 0.5h), then are kept at a temperature close to boiling (such as water as the solvent and the temperature is 98 ℃) for a large time (such as 6h) and then are stopped from being percolated, the traditional Chinese medicinal materials are immediately boiled for a short time (such as 0.5h), then are kept at a temperature and are immediately percolated for a large time (such as 6h), then are stopped from being percolated, the traditional Chinese medicinal materials are immediately boiled for a short time (such as 0.5h), and the steps are continuously and alternately carried out, and the percolation leachate is collected for later use.

The percolation and the decoction are carried out in the same reactor.

The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: the temperature of the solvent in the percolation process is 0.2-10 ℃ lower than the boiling point of the solvent. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first embodiment.

The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from the first or second embodiment in that: the solvent used for percolation and decoction is inorganic solvent or organic solvent. The other is the same as in the first or second embodiment.

The solvent in this embodiment is water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, butanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, diethyl ether, benzene, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, etc., and may be selected according to the extraction leaching component.

The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from one of the first to third embodiments in that: the time of percolation in each percolation and decoction period is 1-16 h. The others are the same as in one of the first to third embodiments.

The fifth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from one of the first to fourth embodiments in that: the time of percolation in each percolation and decoction period is 5-8 h. The other is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.

The sixth specific implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from one of the first to fifth embodiments in that: the decoction time in each percolation and decoction period is 0.1-2 h. The other is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.

The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment is different from one of the first to sixth embodiments in that: the decoction time in each percolation and decoction period is 0.5-1 h. The other is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.

The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment is different from the first to seventh embodiments in that: soaking the extracted medicinal materials, and then percolating and decocting. The other is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.

The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment is different from the first to eighth embodiments in that: the grain diameter of the extracted medicinal materials is 0.1-10 mm. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.

The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment is different from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that: the grain diameter of the extracted medicinal materials is 1-5 mm. The other is the same as one of the first to ninth embodiments.

Example 1

In this embodiment, the American ginseng is extracted and leached by a conventional decoction method, a percolation method and the method of the present invention. The active component extracted is American ginseng polysaccharide.

The amounts of the medicinal materials, the process core parameters (the steps are not indicated, the parameters adopt the conventional technology), the water consumption and the like in each method are recorded in table 1.

The weight and yield of the dry paste obtained by each method and the content of polysaccharide in the dry paste are respectively shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 American Ginseng polysaccharide extraction

Example 2

This example separately extracted radix rehmanniae Preparata by conventional decoction and the method of the present invention. The active component extracted is prepared from radix rehmanniae Preparata and herba Thesii glycoside.

The amounts of the herbs, the core parameters (no steps and parameters are shown) and the amounts of water used are recorded in Table 2.

The weight, density and yield of the fluid extract obtained by each method and the content of the acteoside in the fluid extract are respectively shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 extraction of glycosides of prepared rehmannia root and verbascoside

The experiments (process reasons) of the examples 1 and 2 are respectively carried out by using 100L and 3000L multifunctional extraction tanks, so that the crude drugs cannot be selected with the same weight, but the comparison can be carried out by measuring the paste collection rate, the dry paste yield (extract yield) and the content of the functional components. In contrast, the method of the invention has obvious advantages in dry extract yield (extract yield), weight and active ingredient yield.

Because the Chinese medicinal materials have different forms and complex components, and the preparation is mostly compound, the continuous alternate decoction and percolation method is used for production, and the process parameters of each variety can be further optimized and searched. According to the experimental calculation, the dosage of the solvent by adopting the continuous alternating decoction and percolation method is only 60-70% of the dosage of the conventional decoction. The total time of the extraction and leaching by the continuous and alternate decoction and percolation method is about 24 hours corresponding to the medicinal materials decocted twice, and the total time of the extraction and leaching by the continuous and alternate decoction and percolation method is about 36 hours corresponding to the medicinal materials decocted for three times.

The method of the invention is used for replacing the boiling method, does not need to replace equipment and special skills, and can save 30 to 40 percent of solvent (water), 25 to 35 percent of concentrated energy and 25 to 35 percent of concentration time compared with the original boiling method. The invention saves resources, saves energy, improves efficiency and is beneficial to environment.

Claims

1. A method for extracting and leaching Chinese traditional medicine is characterized in that the method is realized by continuously and alternately percolating and decocting; wherein the temperature of the solvent in the percolation process is 0.2-10 ℃ lower than the boiling point of the solvent;

the percolation and the decoction are continuously and alternately carried out, and the decoction is carried out firstly or the percolation is carried out firstly; the alternate operation is to percolate for a period of time, then stop percolating and immediately boil the medicinal material for a period of time, then keep warm and immediately percolate for a period of time, then stop percolating and immediately boil the medicinal material for a period of time, and so on, continuously and alternately.

2. The method for extracting and leaching a Chinese medicine according to claim 1, wherein the solvent used for the percolation and the decoction is an inorganic solvent or an organic solvent.

3. The method for extracting and leaching a traditional Chinese medicine according to claim 1, wherein the percolation time in each percolation and decoction period is 1-16 h.

4. The method for extracting and leaching a traditional Chinese medicine according to claim 1, wherein the decoction time in each percolation and decoction cycle is 0.1-2 h.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extracted herbs are first soaked in solvent, then percolated and decocted.

6. The method for extracting and leaching traditional Chinese medicine according to claim 1, wherein the grain size of the extracted medicinal material is 0.1-10 mm.