CN1117694A - 一种对电视信号的运动做分级预测的方法 - Google Patents
一种对电视信号的运动做分级预测的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1117694A CN1117694A CN94112931A CN94112931A CN1117694A CN 1117694 A CN1117694 A CN 1117694A CN 94112931 A CN94112931 A CN 94112931A CN 94112931 A CN94112931 A CN 94112931A CN 1117694 A CN1117694 A CN 1117694A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/14—Picture signal circuitry for video frequency region
- H04N5/144—Movement detection
- H04N5/145—Movement estimation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
- H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
- H04N19/53—Multi-resolution motion estimation; Hierarchical motion estimation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
- H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
- H04N19/523—Motion estimation or motion compensation with sub-pixel accuracy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/01—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level
- H04N7/0135—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level involving interpolation processes
- H04N7/0137—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level involving interpolation processes dependent on presence/absence of motion, e.g. of motion zones
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Abstract
在一个电视信号中做出运动的分级预测的方法。相互无重叠区间在较低的、更精细地析象的分级等级上产生,而这些区间的临界点就当作在分级中处于较高等级上分析的点来使用。更可取的是,处于行之间而不代表行光栅中实象素的点放在相互无重叠区间内来探查。
Description
本发明涉及对一个电视信号的运动做出分级预测的方法。
在电视信号中,这样的运动预测(所谓“motion estimation”)特别适用于数据简化,节省传输带宽、传输时间或记录器的储存容量等方面。因此,依照运动预测的结果,连续的帧面不象在常规电视信号的情况下那样完整地发送,而是发送代表着连续帧面之间任一种改变的不同因数。运动预测的进一步使用在变换某些信号处理电路,例如梳状滤波器,在电视信号中它们的工作方式依赖于运动。运动预测在视频摄像机上也是需要的,因为由于摄像机无意中的抖动而产生的冲击变化要用机械的或电子学的办法来平衡掉。
视频图象之间的运动预测愈有效,则搜索范围愈大。为了克服与此有关的硬件所带来的沉重配置,人们采取了分级结构。因此,一开始和在比较粗糙的方式下,在整个搜索范围内寻找出一个最好的运动因数,进而在找到了的位置的邻域进行更精细的析象以改善这一因数。
在根据“象块匹配算法”预测运动的已知方式下,要处理的视频图象被分成固定大小的象块。相对于第二视频图象的运动是对各个象块来决定的,因为象块的误差值(失真)是在一个搜索范围内对各个可能的位移来计算,据此最小的一个值就被决定。因此,硬件中的装置是以市场上可买到的运动预测芯片,例如SGS—Thomson公司生产的STI3320,为基础的。这一微型组件在一水平和垂直方向为—8/+7的搜索范围内计算具有最小的失真的位移。搜索范围能用级联许多芯片的办法加以扩大。在一个方面,对于高清晰度电视(HDTV),对于按照MPEG标准的视频图象(在这里,计算的是在时间上分开较远的图象之间的运动),人们愿意使用一个尽可能大的搜索范围来预测运动,从而决定的位移具有1/2象素的分辨率。用“全搜索象块匹配”法(其中各个可能的位移意味着一个平行的算术单位),甚至在使用集成的运动预测芯片时,也需要数以几百种的微型组件。
在硬件上的花费可以通过用分级方式预测运动的方法来降低。因此,在第一步,使用一个降低了的分辨率来探查整个搜索范围。然后,在新的一步,环绕着具有最低失真的位置,使用较高的分辨率来确定最小的失真效应。这一过程能够按照所希望的那样多遍地使用更精细的分辨率重复地进行。
本发明的目的是为了减少做这样的运动预测所需的电路(所谓的硬件)数量。本发明的有益发展在附加的要求权利中详细说明。
因此,通过本发明,在较低的、更精细地析象的分级等级上产生出相互无重叠的区间,并且,这些范围的临界点就当作在分级中对位于更高等级上做分析的点使用。更可取的是,位于行之间而又不代表行光栅中实象素的点放在相互无重叠的区间内来探查。
下面,结合附图来说明解释本发明。其中,
图1表示一公知的预测运动方式的例子。
图2是根据本发明的预测运动方式的原理。
图3是在分级中较高等级的4象素分辨率的例子。
图4是滤波值如何计算的一个例子。
图1是表示具有一个重叠范围U的两个象块1,2。当进行运动预测时,起初只是在第一次分级步骤上对黑体标记十字形3做探查。举例说,假如点4a显得是最佳的,那么,人们将只考虑环绕着它的4b、4c、4d、4e等点。这就导致人们必须对这些点的领域实行计算。如图1所描述,这该是淡体标记X形4所代表的象块1、2之一中的各八个点。这意味着,在第二次分级步骤上,需要的电路数量必须分配给这八个点。于是图1表示一个例子,它包括用一象素分辨率做第一次搜索和环绕着第一次找着的象素用1/2象素分辨率做随后的搜索。显然,1/2象素搜索范围环绕一象素值重叠。各1/2象素值至少属于两个分级的搜索范围,1/2象素对角线因此实际上属于四个搜索范围。
在图2中,象块1a和2a不再具有任何重叠区间。结果,各点毫不含糊地属于在最高类型的一个点。在第一分级中,圆圈代表的点5被探查,即与图1对比,不是十字形代表的点3。此后,在第二分级步骤中,环绕着点5的四个点在各种情况下被探查。显然现在必须探查的只是四个点,而不是如图1中的八个点。所需的电路(或硬件)数量当然近似地照这一因数减少了。点5不再是实际的象素,因为它们处于图1中所示的行光栅之外。为探查这些点5所要求的电路数量,无论如何,是较低的。它仅仅包含一个滤波器,其中这些点的值是相加的,因此得到的和要除以4。换句话说,求得了这四个点实际平均值。于是在第一分级步骤上,人们不再使用原来的象素值,而是宁愿取已滤波的象素值。在第二分级步骤上,人们现在在这些已滤波点的领域进行搜索。
这一方法也扩展用于多等级分级法。
图3给出了按照常规方法,在较高等级的一个4象素分辨率和随后一个象素分辨率的例子。在这里必须在较低的等级上分析24个位置。
对比之处,图4再次表示使用在无重叠象块的实施例。在较高的分级等级上,位于区间临界部分内的四象素值被计算。此后,人们对已经发现具有最低失真的已滤波的四象素点领域做出搜索,从而只有16个位置现在有其实际重要性。
根据本发明提出的方法不限于对运动的预测,且能用在任何分级结构有用的地方。在各种情况下,相互无重叠区间在较低的、更精细析象的分级等级上产生,且这些区间的临界点被当成在上面的等级上的点做分析来使用。
Claims (2)
1.对一个电视信号的运动做出分级预测的方法,信号中视频图象分成固定大小的象块,而相对于第二视频图象的运动则对各个象块来确定,其特征在于,相互无重叠区间产生于较低的、更为精细析象的分级等级上,并且,这些范围的临界点当在分级中处于较高等级上分析的点来使用。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,处于行之间而不代表行光栅中的实象素的点放在相互无重叠范围内来探查。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP4342305.1 | 1993-12-11 | ||
DE4342305A DE4342305A1 (de) | 1993-12-11 | 1993-12-11 | Verfahren zur hierarchischen Bewegungsschätzung in einem Fernsehsignal |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1117694A true CN1117694A (zh) | 1996-02-28 |
CN1083214C CN1083214C (zh) | 2002-04-17 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN94112931A Expired - Fee Related CN1083214C (zh) | 1993-12-11 | 1994-12-09 | 一种对电视信号的运动做分级预测的方法 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5635994A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0658056B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH07203451A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100332268B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1083214C (zh) |
DE (2) | DE4342305A1 (zh) |
MY (1) | MY115163A (zh) |
SG (1) | SG49199A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
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CN1319384C (zh) * | 2005-01-27 | 2007-05-30 | 浙江大学 | 硬件计算能力资源在运动估计中的优化分配方法 |
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DE19509418A1 (de) * | 1995-03-16 | 1996-09-19 | Thomson Brandt Gmbh | Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zur Unterabtastung bei Bewegungsschätzung |
US6873738B2 (en) * | 1995-10-02 | 2005-03-29 | Sony Corporation | Hierarchical image processor for encoding or decoding, and memory on the same chip |
US5790207A (en) * | 1996-03-14 | 1998-08-04 | Daewoo Electronics, Co., Ltd. | Motion compensation method for use in an image encoding system |
US6130912A (en) * | 1998-06-09 | 2000-10-10 | Sony Electronics, Inc. | Hierarchical motion estimation process and system using block-matching and integral projection |
US6459822B1 (en) | 1998-08-26 | 2002-10-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Video image stabilization and registration |
WO2000042771A1 (en) * | 1999-01-12 | 2000-07-20 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Camera motion parameters estimation method |
EP1094671A1 (en) * | 1999-10-19 | 2001-04-25 | Deutsche Thomson-Brandt Gmbh | Method of motion estimation for a digital input video signal |
EP1094669B1 (en) * | 1999-10-19 | 2008-06-04 | Thomson Licensing | Method of motion estimation for a digital input video signal |
US6671319B1 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2003-12-30 | Sony Corporation | Methods and apparatus for motion estimation using neighboring macroblocks |
US6483876B1 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2002-11-19 | Sony Corporation | Methods and apparatus for reduction of prediction modes in motion estimation |
US6690728B1 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2004-02-10 | Sony Corporation | Methods and apparatus for motion estimation in compressed domain |
US6473460B1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2002-10-29 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for calculating motion vectors |
US6842483B1 (en) | 2000-09-11 | 2005-01-11 | The Hong Kong University Of Science And Technology | Device, method and digital video encoder for block-matching motion estimation |
US7327787B1 (en) * | 2000-11-20 | 2008-02-05 | Intel Corporation | Method and apparatus for motion estimation |
US20020172288A1 (en) * | 2001-03-08 | 2002-11-21 | Nyeongku Kwon | Device and method for performing half-pixel accuracy fast search in video coding |
DE10310849B4 (de) * | 2003-03-11 | 2009-01-02 | Inb Vision Ag | Verfahren zur photogrammmetrischen Abstands- und/oder Positionsbestimmung |
US7453940B2 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2008-11-18 | Lsi Corporation | High quality, low memory bandwidth motion estimation processor |
US8553758B2 (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2013-10-08 | Sony Corporation | Motion parameter engine for true motion |
US8363728B2 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2013-01-29 | Sony Corporation | Block based codec friendly edge detection and transform selection |
US8139883B2 (en) * | 2008-07-29 | 2012-03-20 | Sony Corporation | System and method for image and video encoding artifacts reduction and quality improvement |
US20100067818A1 (en) * | 2008-09-15 | 2010-03-18 | Sony Corporation, A Japanese Corporation | System and method for high quality image and video upscaling |
US8488007B2 (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2013-07-16 | Sony Corporation | Method to estimate segmented motion |
US8285079B2 (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2012-10-09 | Sony Corporation | Method for highly accurate estimation of motion using phase correlation |
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EP0236519B1 (en) * | 1986-03-08 | 1989-06-07 | ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH | Motion compensating field interpolation method using a hierarchically structured displacement estimator |
FR2633468B1 (fr) * | 1988-06-24 | 1990-11-09 | France Etat | Procede de codage de donnees d'assistance a la reconstruction d'images electroniques animees sous-echantillonnees |
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JPH03256485A (ja) * | 1990-03-06 | 1991-11-15 | Victor Co Of Japan Ltd | 動きベクトル検出回路 |
FR2663178B1 (fr) * | 1990-06-06 | 1995-07-21 | Thomson Csf | Procede d'estimation hierarchique du mouvement dans une sequence d'images. |
DE4023449C1 (zh) * | 1990-07-24 | 1992-01-23 | Ant Nachrichtentechnik Gmbh, 7150 Backnang, De | |
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-
1993
- 1993-12-11 DE DE4342305A patent/DE4342305A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-12-02 EP EP94119008A patent/EP0658056B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-02 SG SG1996007537A patent/SG49199A1/en unknown
- 1994-12-02 DE DE59408390T patent/DE59408390D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-07 MY MYPI94003269A patent/MY115163A/en unknown
- 1994-12-07 US US08/351,585 patent/US5635994A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-09 JP JP6306484A patent/JPH07203451A/ja active Pending
- 1994-12-09 CN CN94112931A patent/CN1083214C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-12-10 KR KR1019940033856A patent/KR100332268B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1319384C (zh) * | 2005-01-27 | 2007-05-30 | 浙江大学 | 硬件计算能力资源在运动估计中的优化分配方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SG49199A1 (en) | 1998-05-18 |
KR100332268B1 (ko) | 2002-08-13 |
EP0658056A2 (de) | 1995-06-14 |
US5635994A (en) | 1997-06-03 |
KR950022798A (ko) | 1995-07-28 |
DE59408390D1 (de) | 1999-07-15 |
DE4342305A1 (de) | 1995-06-29 |
CN1083214C (zh) | 2002-04-17 |
EP0658056A3 (de) | 1996-04-03 |
EP0658056B1 (de) | 1999-06-09 |
MY115163A (en) | 2003-04-30 |
JPH07203451A (ja) | 1995-08-04 |
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