CN111767664A - Method for determining plane strain fracture toughness of metal material based on energy release rate - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the plane strain fracture toughness of a metal material based on an energy release rate; the method comprises the steps of firstly calculating out non-planar strain fracture toughness through a small-thickness sample, calculating out critical energy release rate of the small-thickness sample of the metal material through finite element software by utilizing the numerical value, and then iteratively calculating out planar strain fracture toughness of the large-thickness metal material through the critical energy release rate and finite element analysis software; the method is suitable for any novel metal material, has no material limitation, and ensures that the plane strain fracture toughness result of the iterated large-thickness sample is accurate by utilizing the unit idea of a finite element; the method is simple to operate and easy to master, overcomes the technical problem that the plane strain fracture toughness of the high-toughness metal material cannot be detected, can be used for reference of researchers and testers engaged in metal material fracture and structure safety evaluation, and is worthy of popularization and implementation.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material fracture toughness detection, and particularly relates to a method for determining plane strain fracture toughness of a metal material based on an energy release rate.
[ background of the invention ]
Plane strain fracture toughness (K)IC) Is an important parameter for evaluating the crack initiation and propagation resistance of the material and is a key technical basis of engineering design. For reasonably selecting and using materials, the service safety of the component is ensured, and the plane strain fracture toughness (K) of the material is accurately measuredIC) It is of great importance. Determination of plane strain fracture toughness (K) of metal material at home and abroadIC) The method standards of (A) mainly include ISO 12737, GB/T4161 and ASTM E339. According to the requirements of domestic and foreign standards, the plane strain fracture toughness is measured by a test method, a test sample used in the test has enough thickness to ensure that the front end of a crack is in a plane strain state, and the specific requirements are as follows:
where t is the sample thickness, KQIs the fracture toughness of the material; sigma0Is the yield strength of the material.
It can be seen that the better the toughness of the material, the greater the thickness of the specimen required to determine the in-plane strain fracture toughness. For some high toughness metallic materials, the thickness required for the in-plane strain fracture toughness test specimens is often up to 50mm, even over 100 mm. The method not only improves the tonnage capacity requirement of the testing machine, but also can seriously cause that a large-thickness sample meeting the standard requirement can not be prepared, and the plane strain fracture toughness can not be measured. In recent years, with the progress of metallurgical technology and manufacturing and processing technology at home and abroad, the purity and performance level of metal materials are continuously improved, the problem of accurate measurement of plane strain fracture toughness becomes more prominent, and the method becomes a common technical problem to be solved urgently in the industry. The literature reports that the scholars provide a method for estimating the plane strain fracture toughness of the metal material by linear fitting. Unfortunately, this method is only suitable for a small-range yield condition, while for high-toughness materials, the fracture plastic region is generally large, and the small-range yield condition is difficult to satisfy, and the method is not suitable. From the energetic point of view of fracture mechanics, the conditions under which fracture occurs are: when the deformation energy released by crack propagation is equal to or greater than the energy required for crack propagation, the crack will propagate unstably. This is the energy release rate G criteria for the fracture. For certain materials, there is a critical energy release rate, and when the energy release rate reaches the critical energy release rate, the crack begins to propagate.
In recent years, with the development of finite element software such as ANSYS or ABAQUS, the numerical simulation technology can be used for simulating an actual fracture toughness test, so that the energy release rate which is difficult to calculate originally can be conveniently obtained. Therefore, the critical energy release rate of a specific material can be accurately measured by calculation by combining an actual fracture toughness test and utilizing numerical simulation, the fracture toughness under any thickness can be obtained by utilizing the critical energy release rate, and the plane strain fracture toughness can be scientifically and accurately obtained.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for determining the plane strain fracture toughness of a metal material based on an energy release rate; the method is used for solving the technical problem that the plane strain fracture toughness of the high-toughness metal material cannot be accurately measured due to the fact that the high-toughness metal material cannot be prepared from the plane strain fracture toughness sample.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
the method for determining the plane strain fracture toughness of the metal material based on the energy release rate comprises the following steps:
step 1, carrying out fracture toughness test on a small-thickness sample to obtain the non-planar strain fracture toughness K of the metal materialQ 0(ii) a The thickness of the small-thickness test sample is less than 30 mm;
step 2, aiming at the small-thickness sample, calculating according to the following formula to obtain the non-planar strain fracture toughness K of the metal materialQ 0Corresponding critical crack initiation energy release rate G1’；
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the node force kN at the crack tip during fracture; Δ C is crack propagation length, mm; v. ofc、vdRespectively the displacement of the point c and the point d relative to the point O at the center, and is mm;
step 3, aiming at the large-thickness sample, calculating the critical crack initiation energy release rate G through finite element software1' corresponding crack initiation load value F1'; the thickness of the large-thickness sample is more than or equal to 30 mm;
step 4, calculating the fracture toughness K of the metal material through the following formula (1) and formula (2)Q；
KQ＝(FS/BW3/2)×f(a/W) (2)
Wherein F is the crack initiation load value F obtained in the step 31', kN; s is the span of a large-thickness sample, mm; b is the thickness of the large-thickness sample, mm; w is the width of the large-thickness sample, mm; a is the length of the large-thickness original crack in mm;
step 5, when K calculated in step 4QSatisfy the requirement of
Under the condition of (1), KQPlane strain fracture toughness K for metal materialIC(ii) a Where t is the sample thickness, σ0Is the yield strength of the material.
The invention is further improved in that:
preferably, step 2 comprises the following process:
step 2.1, constructing a small-thickness sample model through finite element software;
step 2.2, calculating the non-planar strain fracture toughness K through the formula (1)Q 0Corresponding critical crack initiation energy release rate G1’。
Preferably, the shape and size of the small-thickness sample model in step 2.1 are the same as those of the small-thickness sample in step 1.
Preferably, in step 3, a large-thickness sample model is constructed through finite element software, a load value F is applied to the whole large-thickness sample, the value F is continuously increased, iterative calculation is carried out until the energy release rate G' corresponding to the value F and the critical crack initiation energy release rate G in step 2 are reached1' equal, crack initiation begins, corresponding F is the crack initiation load value F1’。
Preferably, in step 3, an initial value of the load value F is applied, the load value F is increased step by step, a single increase value is set to 10kN, and the loading is continued; each increased load value F corresponds to an energy release rate G'.
Preferably, the finite element software is ANSYS or ABAQUS.
Preferably, in step 1, the fracture toughness of the small-thickness sample is tested according to GB/T211423 "unified test method for quasi-static fracture toughness of metal materials".
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a method for determining the plane strain fracture toughness of a metal material based on an energy release rate; the method comprises the steps of firstly calculating out non-planar strain fracture toughness through a small-thickness sample, calculating out critical energy release rate of the small-thickness sample of the metal material through finite element software by utilizing the numerical value, and then iteratively calculating out planar strain fracture toughness of the large-thickness metal material through the critical energy release rate and finite element analysis software; the method is suitable for any novel metal material, has no material limitation, and ensures that the plane strain fracture toughness result of the iterated large-thickness sample is accurate by utilizing the unit idea of a finite element; the method is simple to operate and easy to master, overcomes the technical problem that the plane strain fracture toughness of the high-toughness metal material cannot be detected, can be used for reference of researchers and testers engaged in metal material fracture and structure safety evaluation, and is worthy of popularization and implementation.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cell and node at a crack tip
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fracture toughness specimen of a metallic material according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a model diagram of a three-point bending fracture toughness test according to the present invention.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings; the invention discloses a method for determining the plane strain fracture toughness of a metal material based on an energy release rate; the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, referring to fig. 2, preparing a metal material to be detected into a small-thickness sample, wherein the thickness of the small-thickness sample is less than 30 mm; carrying out fracture toughness test on the prepared sample under a three-point bending test machine according to GB/T211423 unified test method for quasi-static fracture toughness of metal material to obtain the non-planar strain fracture toughness K of the small-thickness sample of the metal materialQ 0；
Step 2, referring to fig. 3, the critical energy release rate G' of the metal material is calculated.
Step 2.1, constructing a small-thickness sample through ANSYS or ABAQUS finite element software, wherein the length, the width, the height, the original crack length and the sample span of the small-thickness sample are the same as the small-thickness sample in the step 1 in size;
step 2.2, passing the non-planar strain fracture toughness K of the small-thickness sample of the metal materialQ 0Can obtain the node force at the corresponding crack tip during the fracture
KN, combining the node force, utilizing the following formula (1), and then calculating the non-planar strain fracture toughness K of the metal material through finite element softwareQ 0Corresponding critical crack initiation energy release rate G1’；
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the node force kN at the crack tip during fracture; Δ C is crack propagation length, mm; v. ofc、vdRespectively the displacement of the point c and the point d relative to the point O at the center, and is mm; the cells and nodes at the cleft tip are referenced in fig. 1; the length of Δ C is the width of one cell, as determined by finite element software.
Step 3, establishing a fracture toughness test model of the large-thickness sample
Referring to fig. 3, a large thickness sample, having a thickness of 50mm or more, was constructed by ANSYS or ABAQUS finite element software simulating the loading process. The initial value F of the loading load is set to be 20kN, the value F is increased step by step, the single increasing value is set to be 10kN, the loading is continued, and the energy release rate G' corresponding to the loading F in each step is recorded. When the energy release rate G' reaches the critical crack initiation energy release rate G calculated in the step 21At this time, the load value F is the crack initiation load value F of the large-thickness test piece1’。
Step 4, calculating the fracture toughness K of the metal materialQ
KQ＝(FS/BW3/2)×f(a/W) (2)
Wherein F is the crack initiation load value F of the large-thickness sample obtained in the step 31'; s is a large-thickness sample span; b is the thickness of the large-thickness sample; w is the width of the large-thickness sample; a is the length of the large-thickness original crack; the large-thickness sample is the large-thickness sample constructed in the step 3; the formula for f (a/W) is shown in the following equation (2):
step 5, when K calculated in step 4QSatisfy the requirement of
Under the condition of (1), KQPlane strain fracture toughness K for metal materialIC(ii) a Where t is the sample thickness, σ0Is the yield strength, yield, of the materialStrength is an inherent property of a material and can be obtained by consulting a relevant manual or standard tensile test.
Examples
The specific embodiments and accuracy of the present invention are further illustrated below in connection with the determination of the plane strain fracture toughness of N80 oil jacket materials.
Step 1, selecting N80 quenched and tempered steel (yield strength 552MPa) for an oil casing, and preparing a small-thickness sample (shown in figure 1). The thickness B of the small-thickness sample is 20mm, the length L of the sample is 270mm, the width W of the sample is 60mm, the original crack length a of the sample is 30mm, and the sample span SL240 mm; carrying out fracture toughness test on the prepared sample under a three-point bending test machine according to GB/T211423 unified test method for quasi-static fracture toughness of metal material to obtain the non-planar strain fracture toughness K of the materialQ 0＝82MPa·m1/2；
Step 2, simulating a fracture toughness test of the N80 quenched and tempered steel with the thickness of 20mm by using ANSYS software, and firstly constructing a small-thickness sample model, wherein the length, the width, the height, the original crack length and the sample span of the small-thickness sample are the same as the small-thickness sample in the step 1; the critical energy release rate G of the material is calculated by the formula (1) as 6900N/m1' as the crack initiation threshold for the material.
3. And (2) establishing a three-point bending fracture toughness test model of the sample with the length B being 80mm, wherein the length, the width, the original crack length and the sample span of the sample are the same as the small-thickness sample in the step 1 (figure 2), simulating a loading process by using ANSYS software, setting an initial value F of a loading load to be 20kN, then gradually increasing the value F, setting a single load increase value to be 10kN, and continuously loading and recording an energy release rate G' corresponding to the load F in each step. Taking G '═ 6900N/m as the crack initiation critical threshold value of N80 steel, and recording the load value F corresponding to G' when cracking1’＝140kN。
4. K of the material is obtained by calculation according to the formula (2)Q＝74MPa·m1/2。
5. By using
Checking, KQMeets the plane strain condition, namely the plane strain fracture toughness KIC. Therefore, the plane strain fracture toughness of the N80 quenched and tempered steel to be measured is 74MPa m1/2。
In order to verify the reliability of the invention, the fracture toughness of the thickness B of 30mm and 40mm is measured through tests and compared with the fracture toughness calculated by the method of the invention. Table 1 shows the error analysis results, the maximum error is 2.02%, and the feasibility of the method is verified, so that the plane strain fracture toughness (K) of the obtained materialIC＝74MPa·m1/2) Is accurate and reliable.
TABLE 1 error analysis of experimental measurements
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. The method for determining the plane strain fracture toughness of the metal material based on the energy release rate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, carrying out fracture toughness test on a small-thickness sample to obtain the non-planar strain fracture toughness K of the metal materialQ 0(ii) a The thickness of the small-thickness test sample is less than 30 mm;
step 2, aiming at the small-thickness sample, calculating according to the following formula to obtain the non-planar strain fracture toughness K of the metal materialQ 0Corresponding critical crack initiation energy release rate G1’；
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the node force kN at the crack tip during fracture; Δ C is crack propagation length, mm; v. ofc、vdRespectively the displacement of the point c and the point d relative to the point O at the center, and is mm;
step 3, aiming at the large-thickness sample, calculating the critical crack initiation energy release rate G through finite element software1' corresponding crack initiation load value F1'; the thickness of the large-thickness sample is more than or equal to 30 mm;
step 4, calculating the fracture toughness K of the metal material through the following formula (1) and formula (2)Q；
KQ＝(FS/BW3/2)×f(a/W) (2)
Wherein F is the crack initiation load value F obtained in the step 31', kN; s is the span of a large-thickness sample, mm; b is the thickness of the large-thickness sample, mm; w is the width of the large-thickness sample, mm; a is the length of the large-thickness original crack in mm;
step 5, when K calculated in step 4QSatisfy the requirement of
Under the condition of (1), KQPlane strain fracture toughness K for metal materialIC(ii) a Where t is the sample thickness, σ0Is the yield strength of the material.
2. The method for determining the plane strain fracture toughness of the metal material based on the energy release rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 2 comprises the following processes:
step 2.1, constructing a small-thickness sample model through finite element software;
step 2.2, calculating the non-planar strain fracture toughness K through the formula (1)Q 0Corresponding critical crack initiation energy release rate G1’。
3. The method for determining the plane strain fracture toughness of the metal material based on the energy release rate as claimed in claim 2, wherein the shape and size of the small-thickness sample model in step 2.1 are the same as those of the small-thickness sample in step 1.
4. The method for determining the plane strain fracture toughness of the metal material based on the energy release rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3, a large-thickness sample model is constructed through finite element software, a load value F is applied to the whole large-thickness sample, the value of F is continuously increased, and iterative calculation is performed until the energy release rate G' corresponding to the value of F and the critical crack initiation energy release rate G in step 2 are reached1' equal, crack initiation begins, corresponding F is the crack initiation load value F1’。
5. The method for determining the plane strain fracture toughness of the metal material based on the energy release rate as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step 3, an initial value of 20kN of a load value F is applied, the load value F is gradually increased, a single increment is set as 10kN, and the loading is continued; each increased load value F corresponds to an energy release rate G'.
6. The method for determining in-plane strain fracture toughness of a metallic material based on energy release rate of claim 1, wherein said finite element software is ANSYS or ABAQUS.
7. The method for determining plane strain fracture toughness of metal material based on energy release rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, the fracture toughness test of small thickness sample is performed according to GB/T211423 "unified test method for quasi-static fracture toughness of metal material".
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| CN112613207A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-06 | 西安稀有金属材料研究院有限公司 | Method for quantitatively characterizing fracture toughness of hard film on metal surface |
| CN113466043A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-01 | 蒙娜丽莎集团股份有限公司 | Method for testing fracture toughness of ceramic rock plate |
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| CN112326429A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-05 | 安徽新力电业科技咨询有限责任公司 | Method for determining plane strain fracture toughness of steel |
| CN112613207A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-06 | 西安稀有金属材料研究院有限公司 | Method for quantitatively characterizing fracture toughness of hard film on metal surface |
| CN113466043A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-01 | 蒙娜丽莎集团股份有限公司 | Method for testing fracture toughness of ceramic rock plate |
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