CN111742884A - Luan cattle crossbreeding and detection evaluation method - Google Patents
Luan cattle crossbreeding and detection evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of animal breeding and breeding, in particular to a Lu' an cattle crossbreeding and detection evaluation method, which comprises the following steps: selecting and constructing cattle, namely selecting domestic high-quality pure-breed bulls or foreign high-quality pure-breed cows to construct basic groups; step two: germplasm resources are optimized; step three: fixing the high-quality gene cattle, and the fourth step: and (3) carrying out pure breed breeding and group expanding on the cattle with fixed variety in the third step, wherein the pure breed breeding and group expanding comprise closed breeding and descendant determination technology. The method has the advantages of comprehensive system, high population expansion, formation of a breeding resource population which has outstanding meat quality characters, certain population structure and quantity and can be stably inherited, and wide application in the field of cattle breeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of animal breeding, in particular to a crossbreeding method for cattle and a crossbreeding method thereof
Background
In the beef cattle industry in China, crossbreeding is generally applied in China to breed new varieties for meat or improve the production performance. The hybridization refers to the mutual mating of two or more varieties of male and female cows, which is a variety for improving local original varieties, the body shape and the appearance or the production performance of the existing variety can not adapt to the national economic requirements and the local natural environmental conditions, the existing hybridization for introducing foreign cow varieties has the defects of unclear cow resources, limited group expansion that dominant genes can not be used for determining inheritance, and the stable formation of groups with outstanding meat quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve one of the problems, the invention provides a Lu an cattle crossbreeding method, which comprises the following steps;
the method comprises the following steps: selecting and constructing cattle, namely selecting domestic high-quality pure-breed bulls or foreign high-quality pure-breed cows to construct basic groups;
step two: optimizing germplasm resources, namely hybridizing the bull selected in the step one with a cow, and then performing offspring germplasm optimization on the hybridized cow in a mode including gene marking and performance evaluation;
step three: fixing high-quality gene cattle, namely fixing high-quality varieties of cattle herd resources of the germplasm optimized offspring in the step two in a mode including gene detection and population evaluation;
step four: and (3) carrying out pure breed breeding and group expanding on the cattle with fixed variety in the third step, wherein the pure breed breeding and group expanding comprise closed breeding and descendant determination technology.
Further, the domestic high-quality bulls comprise Luxi yellow cattle, the foreign high-quality pure-breed cows are Angus pure-breed cows, and the basic group construction comprises selection of pure-breed individuals and pure-breed basic group construction so as to realize acquisition of the breed bulls and the Angus cow group construction.
Furthermore, the germplasm resource optimization, the fixation of high-quality gene cattle, the pure breeding and the group expansion also comprise the performance measurement system evaluation, the appearance identification and the genetic evaluation of the cattle.
Further, germplasm resource optimization also comprises the measurement of bovine combining ability.
Further, the pure breeding and population expansion also comprises the implementation of genome selection technology, homogeneous matching technology, inbreeding coefficient technology and incremental control.
Furthermore, the descendant determination during pure breeding, group expanding and breeding comprises the steps of pre-selecting male calves, marking genes, variety characteristics, waist degrees, muscle degrees and development degrees, and selecting index value investigation; then, in the young bull stage, the young bull is bred by observing daily gain, appearance evaluation, estrus, one-time conception rate, feed conversion rate, ketone body weight, eye muscle area and backfat thickness; the corresponding stage of young cows also includes the selection of the cows by examining the female ability and fertility.
Furthermore, the breeding measures of the germplasm resource optimization, the high-quality gene cattle fixation, the pure breeding and population expansion process comprise screening according to the detection items of the body size growth process of the calf, such as weight, appearance characteristics, backfat thickness, semen quality, eye muscle area, testicle circumference, initial mating age and one-time conception rate.
Further, the breeding measures in the pure breeding and population expanding process comprise screening according to the initial birth age, lactation property and calving interval of the straight cow.
The invention also provides a detection and evaluation method in the crossbreeding process of Lu' an cattle, which comprises the processes of cattle performance determination and body type evaluation.
Furthermore, the cattle herd performance measurement comprises the detection of growth and development traits, fattening traits, meat production traits, breeding traits and characteristic traits, and the body type evaluation comprises the evaluation of overall structure, back drive, forerunner and breeding varieties.
The method has the beneficial effects that by utilizing the polymerization and complementary effects of the dominant genes, the Luxi yellow cattle is supposed to be taken as a male parent, Angus is supposed to be taken as a female parent, and aiming at meat quality traits and growth and development traits, through germplasm resource innovation, dominant gene fixation and pure propagation and group expansion improvement, a breed resource population which has outstanding meat quality traits, certain population structure and quantity and can be stably inherited is formed.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the dominant performance cattle breeding process chart is adopted;
FIG. 2: schematic flow chart of the method for realizing cross breeding of the invention;
FIG. 3: is a germplasm resource innovation breeding flow chart of the invention;
FIG. 4: is a flow chart of dominant cattle gene fixation breeding;
FIG. 5: is a pure breed propagation and population expansion flow chart of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
According to the invention, from the market demand, dominant gene polymerization and complementary effects are utilized, Luxi yellow cattle is supposed to be used as a male parent, Angus is supposed to be used as a female parent, germplasm resource innovation is carried out according to meat quality traits and growth and development traits, pure Luxi cattle offspring, pure Angus cattle offspring and Luxi cattle and Angus hybrid offspring are designed by grouping and grouping as shown in figure 1, the advantages of Luxi cattle are compared and analyzed by performance measurement of the grouping, a basis is provided for optimizing a breeding target, and the value and the significance of future breeding popularization are indicated.
Therefore, as shown in fig. 1-5, the method for crossbreeding Lu An cattle is provided by selecting Lu West pure yellow cattle from bulls and crossbreeding foreign high-quality Angus pure cows, and comprises the following steps;
the method comprises the following steps: selecting and constructing cattle, namely selecting domestic high-quality pure-breed bulls or foreign high-quality pure-breed cows to construct basic groups, and carrying out pre-selection, gene marking, variety characteristics, waist degree, muscle degree and development degree on bull calves during pure-breed breeding and selecting index value investigation; then, in the young bull stage, the young bull is bred by observing daily gain, appearance evaluation, estrus, one-time conception rate, feed conversion rate, ketone body weight, eye muscle area and backfat thickness; the corresponding stage of young cows also includes the selection of the cows by examining the female ability and fertility.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the basic population construction includes selection of pure individuals and pure basic population construction to realize obtaining of breeding bulls and angsies cow population construction, and breeding is realized by grouping and grouping design of pure offspring of luxi cows, pure offspring of angsies cows and crossing of luxi cows and angsies.
Step two: and (2) germplasm resource optimization, as shown in figure 3, hybridizing the bull and the cow selected in the step one, performing offspring germplasm optimization on the hybridized cow in a mode of performing gene marking and performance evaluation on the offspring of the hybridized cow, measuring the combining ability of the cow, performing performance measurement system evaluation, appearance identification and genetic evaluation on the cow, detecting and screening the semen quality, the eye muscle area, the testis circumference and the backfat thickness of the bull calf according to the birth weight, the weaning weight, the genetic characteristic, the yearly weight, the 18 month age, the 24 month age and the appearance characteristic in the body ruler growth process of the calf, and screening the conception rate and the initial matching age detection items of the cow.
Step three: and (3) fixing high-quality gene cattle, as shown in figure 4, performing gene detection on the cattle herd resources of the germplasm optimized offspring in the step two, performing high-quality breed fixation in a population evaluation-in mode, performing performance measurement system evaluation, appearance identification and genetic evaluation on the cattle, and detecting and screening the sperm quality, eye muscle area, testicle circumference and backfat thickness of male calves according to the items of weight birth weight, weaning weight, genetic characteristics, week age weight, 18-month age weight, 24-month age weight and appearance characteristics in the calf body ruler growth process, and further screening the conception rate and the initial mating age detection items of the female calves.
Step four: as shown in fig. 5, the pure breeding and population expansion of the cattle with fixed breeds in the third step comprises adopting locked breeding, and the descendant determination technology realizes breeding and population expansion, and further comprises implementing genome selection technology, homogeneous matching technology, inbreeding coefficient technology and increment control, and the descendant determination during the pure breeding and population expansion breeding comprises pre-selection of the bull calf, gene marking, breed characteristics, waist degree, muscle degree, development degree and index value selection investigation; then, in the young bull stage, the young bull is bred by observing daily gain, appearance evaluation, estrus, one-time conception rate, feed conversion rate, ketone body weight, eye muscle area and backfat thickness; the corresponding stage of young cows also includes the selection of the cows by examining the female ability and fertility. According to the birth weight of the calf body ruler in the growing process, the weaning weight, the genetic characteristic, the yearly weight, the 18-month age weight, the 24-month age weight and the appearance characteristic, the male calf semen quality, the eye muscle area, the testicular circumference and the backfat thickness items are detected and screened, in addition, the female calf still needs to be screened once by the conception rate and the initial mating age detection items, and the pure breeding and group expanding process breeding measures comprise screening according to the initial age, the lactation property and the calving interval of the orthotopic female cows.
The screening of the breeding traits and the selection traits in the invention comprises the following steps: see table 1 below for the target trait that is desired to be optimized in its production population (e.g., production profit, etc.), while the selection trait is a trait that measures the production performance of the individual itself and its relatives, and the value of these traits determines whether the individual is left for seed. Therefore, after the breeding target trait is determined, the selection trait can be determined, and sometimes the breeding target trait itself can be used as the selection trait;
TABLE 1
The invention also provides a detection and evaluation method in the crossbreeding process of Lu' an cattle, which comprises the processes of cattle performance determination and body type evaluation.
The specific cattle performance measurement comprises the detection of growth and development traits, fattening traits, meat production traits, breeding traits and characteristic traits, the specific operation of the performance measurement refers to NY 'beef cattle production performance measurement technical specification', and the appearance evaluation refers to an evaluation method. Performance assays were selected and conducted for 200- & 500 target basal cow herds, as shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2
The body type evaluation comprises evaluation of an overall structure, back drive, forerunner and breeding varieties, and an improved beef cattle grading method is adopted in the consideration that the local varieties are mostly the basis of dual-purpose meat types, and the new variety highlights growth and development. The first scoring is performed between 10-24 months of age for bulls and 11 months after cow to first birth.
In conclusion, by utilizing the polymerization and complementary effects of the dominant genes, the Luxi yellow cattle is supposed to be taken as a male parent and the Angus is supposed to be taken as a female parent, aiming at the meat quality traits and the growth and development traits, the method forms a breeding resource population which has outstanding meat quality traits, certain population structure and quantity and stable inheritance by germplasm resource innovation, dominant gene fixation and pure propagation and population expansion improvement.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A Lu an cattle crossbreeding method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: selecting and constructing cattle, namely selecting domestic high-quality pure-breed bulls or foreign high-quality pure-breed cows to construct basic groups;
step two: optimizing germplasm resources, namely hybridizing the bull selected in the step one with a cow, and then performing offspring germplasm optimization on the hybridized cow in a mode including gene marking and performance evaluation;
step three: fixing high-quality gene cattle, namely fixing high-quality varieties of cattle herd resources of the germplasm optimized offspring in the step two in a mode of gene detection and population evaluation;
step four: and (3) carrying out pure breed breeding and group expanding on the cattle with fixed variety in the third step, wherein the pure breed breeding and group expanding comprise closed breeding and descendant determination technology.
2. The luan cattle cross breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the domestic high-quality bulls comprise Luxi yellow cattle, the foreign high-quality pure-breed cows are Angus pure-breed cows, and the basic group construction comprises selection of pure-breed individuals and pure-breed basic group construction so as to realize acquisition of the breed bulls and the Angus cow group construction.
3. The luan cattle cross breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the germplasm resource optimization, the fixation of high-quality gene cattle, the pure breeding and the group expansion also comprise the evaluation of a performance measurement system, the appearance identification and the genetic evaluation of the cattle.
4. The luan cattle cross breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: germplasm resource optimization also includes measurement of bovine combining ability.
5. The luan cattle cross breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pure breeding and group expanding also comprises the implementation of genome selection technology, homogeneous matching technology, inbreeding coefficient technology and incremental control.
6. The luan cattle cross breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the descendant determination during pure breeding, group expanding and breeding includes pre-selection of male calf, marking of gene, variety characteristic, waist degree, muscle degree and development degree, and examination of selected index value; then, in the young bull stage, the young bull is bred by observing daily gain, appearance evaluation, estrus, one-time conception rate, feed conversion rate, ketone body weight, eye muscle area and backfat thickness; the corresponding stage of young cows also includes the selection of the cows by examining the female ability and fertility.
7. The luan cattle cross breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the breeding measures of the germplasm resource optimization, the fixation, the pure breeding and the population expansion process of the high-quality gene cattle comprise screening according to the detection items of body weight, appearance characteristics, backfat thickness, semen quality, eye muscle area, testicle circumference, initial matching age and primary conception rate in the calf body size growth process.
8. The luan cattle cross breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the breeding measures in the pure breeding and group expanding process further comprise screening according to the initial age, lactation property and calving interval of the orthotopic cow.
9. A detection evaluation method in Lu an cattle crossbreeding process is characterized in that: including the performance determination and body type evaluation process of cattle.
10. A detection evaluation method in Lu an cattle crossbreeding process is characterized in that: the cattle herd performance measurement comprises the detection of growth and development traits, fattening traits, meat production traits, reproduction traits and characteristic traits, and the body type evaluation comprises the evaluation of overall structure, back drive, forerunner and breeding varieties.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN114418182A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-04-29 | 北京市农林科学院信息技术研究中心 | Beef cattle breeding optimization method and device based on machine learning |
| CN117426323A (en) * | 2023-12-21 | 2024-01-23 | 四川省畜牧科学研究院 | Cattle group supervision system and method for effectively reducing inbred coefficient |
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