CN111732275A - Advanced treatment method for high-hardness cyanide-containing wastewater - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for deeply treating high-hardness cyanide-containing wastewater, belonging to the field of environmental protection in the gold industry. The method comprises the following steps of carrying out advanced treatment on the cyanide-containing wastewater subjected to biochemical pretreatment, wherein a treatment system comprises a water softening pretreatment unit, a biological treatment unit and a mud-water separation unit; the water softening pretreatment unit removes calcium and magnesium ions in the wastewater by a chemical method, supernatant enters a subsequent biological treatment unit, the biological treatment unit comprises a selection tank, an anoxic tank and an aerobic tank, the sludge-water separation unit is connected with the biological treatment unit, and sludge-water separation is carried out on mixed liquor discharged from the aerobic tank by using an MBR membrane wastewater treatment device. The invention has the advantages that pollutants such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, SS, chromaticity, hardness, cyanide and the like in the wastewater can be efficiently and stably removed, the occupied area of the whole treatment system is small, and the method has universal applicability in the field of advanced treatment of cyanide-containing wastewater discharge in the gold industry and is easy to popularize.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental protection in the gold industry, in particular to a method for deeply treating high-hardness cyanide-containing wastewater.
Background
Since cyanidation was applied to gold and silver extraction in 1887, the cyanidation method has been widely applied to the gold industry due to its advantages of high recovery rate, strong adaptability to ores, low cost and on-site gold production. At present, more than 80% of the world gold yield is obtained by adopting a cyaniding gold extraction technology, and no suitable gold leaching solvent can completely replace cyanide. However, because a large amount of sodium cyanide is added in the leaching process, gold is leached while other heavy metals are leached, so that the generated cyanide tailing slurry (cyanide-containing wastewater) contains not only highly toxic cyanide, but also a large amount of COD, ammonia nitrogen, heavy metals, hardness and other pollutants, and if the pollutants cannot be effectively removed, the normal production and the surrounding environment of an enterprise are seriously influenced.
At present, the main treatment technologies for cyanidation tailing slurry (cyanide-containing wastewater) include hydrogen peroxide oxidation, alkali chloride process, iron salt cyanogen reduction process, ozone oxidation and the like. The method mainly aims at the treatment of cyanide and heavy metal, and the single adoption of the method for the advanced treatment of cyanide-containing wastewater has the defects of large dosage of medicament, high operation cost, easy secondary pollution and limitation. Therefore, gold production enterprises urgently need to seek an efficient, stable and low-cost advanced treatment method for cyanide-containing wastewater so as to meet the requirement of standard-reaching discharge of the cyanide-containing wastewater of the enterprises, reduce the influence of the enterprises on the surrounding environment, reduce the safety and environmental protection risks of the enterprises and finally realize the sustainable and healthy development of the enterprises.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for deeply treating high-hardness cyanide-containing wastewater, which aims to solve the problems of large medicament dosage, high operation cost and easy secondary pollution existing in the conventional method for deeply treating cyanide-containing wastewater.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the method comprises the following steps:
the cyanogen-containing wastewater after biochemical pretreatment is subjected to advanced treatment by the whole treatment system, and the whole treatment system comprises a water softening pretreatment unit, a biological treatment unit and a mud-water separation unit; the water softening pretreatment unit comprises a medicament adding system, a reactor and a filtering device, and calcium and magnesium ions in the wastewater are removed by adopting a chemical method, so that the aim of reducing the hardness of the wastewater is fulfilled; discharging the precipitate generated by the water softening pretreatment through a filtering device, and allowing the supernatant to enter a subsequent biological treatment unit; the biological treatment unit comprises a selection tank, an anoxic tank and an aerobic tank, wherein the selection tank, the anoxic tank and the aerobic tank are sequentially connected, and wastewater among the tanks flows automatically by depending on the liquid level difference of the tanks, so that the pretreated wastewater sequentially passes through the selection tank, the anoxic tank and the aerobic tank to remove COD (chemical oxygen demand), ammonia nitrogen and cyanide target pollutants; the sludge-water separation unit is connected with the biological treatment unit, and sludge-water separation is carried out on the mixed liquid discharged from the aerobic tank by utilizing the MBR membrane wastewater treatment tank; after the wastewater is treated by the whole treatment system, each target pollutant index of the wastewater reaches or is superior to the water quality requirement of Integrated wastewater discharge Standard (GB8978-1996), and the cyanide-containing wastewater of enterprises reaches the standard and is discharged.
The concentration limit values of various pollutants in the cyanide-containing wastewater subjected to biochemical pretreatment are as follows: COD is less than or equal to 500mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 600mg/L, TN is less than or equal to 1000mg/L, total cyanide is less than or equal to 10mg/L, and various heavy metals (such As Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Ag and the like) are less than or equal to 1 mg/L.
The water softening pretreatment unit of the invention adopts the traditional chemical process lime-soda ash method and carbon dioxide method to remove calcium and magnesium ions, and the filtering device is a filter press, an inclined plate sedimentation device or a thickener.
A selection pool of the biological treatment unit is provided with carbon source and alkalinity agent adding point positions; a liquid level meter, a pH meter, a dissolved oxygen meter and a matched automatic control system are also arranged in the tank; activated sludge is placed in the selective tank, the concentration of the activated sludge is 3000 mg/L-14000 mg/L, the activated sludge contains anaerobic lack, aerobic bacteria, facultative bacteria, fungi and algae, the main functional bacteria are nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and the bacteria can be cultivated and domesticated by using cyanide-containing wastewater.
The anoxic tank of the biological treatment unit is internally provided with an annular runway partition plate, a submersible stirrer and an aeration head, and the anoxic tank is also internally provided with a liquid level meter, a pH meter, a dissolved oxygen meter and a matched automatic control system; activated sludge is placed in the anoxic tank, the concentration of the activated sludge is 3000 mg/L-14000 mg/L, the activated sludge contains anaerobic lack, aerobic bacteria, facultative bacteria, fungi, algae and the like, the main functional bacteria are nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and the bacteria can be cultured and domesticated by using cyanide-containing wastewater.
The aeration heads in the aerobic tank of the biological treatment unit adopt microporous aerators, the density of the aeration heads is evenly distributed according to the process aeration requirements, the aerobic tank adopts an intermittent and intelligent aeration mode, and the aeration quantities of different positions of the aerobic tank are adjusted through a dissolved oxygen meter and a matched automatic control system arranged in the aerobic tank; the aerobic tank is internally provided with carbon source and alkalinity agent adding point positions, and is also internally provided with a liquid level meter, a pH meter, a dissolved oxygen meter and a matched automatic control system; activated sludge is placed in the aerobic tank, the concentration of the activated sludge is 3000 mg/L-14000 mg/L, the activated sludge contains anaerobic lack, aerobic bacteria, facultative bacteria, fungi, algae and the like, the main functional bacteria are nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and the bacteria can be cultured and domesticated by using cyanide-containing wastewater.
The MBR membrane wastewater treatment tank adopts a hollow fiber membrane, and a reflux pump is arranged in the MBR membrane wastewater treatment tank and is used for refluxing mixed liquor to the selection tank or the aerobic tank; an aeration head is arranged in the MBR membrane wastewater treatment tank 7, and a liquid level meter, a pH meter, a dissolved oxygen meter and a matched automatic control system are also arranged in the tank; activated sludge is placed in the pool, the concentration of the activated sludge is 3000 mg/L-14000 mg/L, the activated sludge contains anaerobic bacteria, aerobic bacteria, facultative bacteria, fungi, algae and the like, the main functional bacteria are nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and the bacteria can be cultivated and domesticated by using cyanide-containing wastewater.
The water production tank is connected with the MBR membrane wastewater treatment tank by a suction pump and a backwashing pump respectively, a water outlet pipe is provided with a pressure sensor, and a membrane component in the MBR membrane wastewater treatment tank adopts an intermittent operation mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention aims at the treatment of cyanide-containing wastewater subjected to biochemical pretreatment, and the whole treatment system comprises a water softening pretreatment unit, a biological treatment unit and a mud-water separation unit. The whole treatment system can remove pollutants such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, SS, chromaticity, hardness, cyanide and the like in the cyanide-containing wastewater, and each target pollutant index of the wastewater treated by the system reaches or is superior to the water quality requirement of Integrated wastewater discharge Standard (GB8978-1996), so that the standard discharge is realized. The treatment system can efficiently and stably remove pollutants such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, SS, chromaticity, cyanide and the like in the wastewater, overcomes the problems of high cost and secondary pollution introduction of the traditional chemical advanced treatment method, occupies a small area, has general applicability in the field of outward discharge advanced treatment of cyanide-containing wastewater in the gold industry, and is easy to popularize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the processing system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Comprises the following steps:
the cyanogen-containing wastewater after biochemical pretreatment is subjected to advanced treatment by the whole treatment system, and the whole treatment system comprises a water softening pretreatment unit, a biological treatment unit and a mud-water separation unit; the water softening pretreatment unit comprises a medicament adding system 1, a reactor 2 and a filtering device 3, and calcium and magnesium ions in the wastewater are removed by adopting a chemical method, so that the aim of reducing the hardness of the wastewater is fulfilled; the sediment generated by the water softening pretreatment is discharged through the filtering device 3, and the supernatant enters a subsequent biological treatment unit; the biological treatment unit comprises a selection tank 4, an anoxic tank 5 and an aerobic tank 6, wherein the selection tank 4, the anoxic tank 5 and the aerobic tank 6 are sequentially connected, and wastewater among the tanks flows automatically by depending on the liquid level difference of the tanks, so that the pretreated wastewater sequentially passes through the selection tank 4, the anoxic tank 5 and the aerobic tank 6 to remove target pollutants such as COD (chemical oxygen demand), ammonia nitrogen, cyanide and the like; the sludge-water separation unit is connected with the biological treatment unit, and sludge-water separation is carried out on the mixed liquid discharged from the aerobic tank by utilizing an MBR membrane wastewater treatment tank 7; after the wastewater is treated by the whole treatment system, each target pollutant index of the wastewater reaches or is superior to the water quality requirement of Integrated wastewater discharge Standard (GB8978-1996), and the cyanide-containing wastewater of enterprises reaches the standard and is discharged.
The concentration limit values of various pollutants in the cyanide-containing wastewater subjected to biochemical pretreatment are as follows: COD is less than or equal to 500mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 600mg/L, TN is less than or equal to 1000mg/L, total cyanide is less than or equal to 10mg/L, and various heavy metals (such As Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Ag and the like) are less than or equal to 1 mg/L.
The water softening pretreatment unit removes calcium and magnesium ions by adopting a lime-soda method and a carbon dioxide method in the traditional chemical process, and the filtering device is a 3-filter press, an inclined plate sedimentation device or a thickener;
a selection tank 4 of the biological treatment unit is provided with carbon source and alkalinity agent adding point positions; a liquid level meter, a pH meter, a dissolved oxygen meter and a matched automatic control system are also arranged in the tank; activated sludge is placed in the selective pond 4, the concentration of the activated sludge is 3000 mg/L-14000 mg/L, the activated sludge contains anaerobic bacteria, aerobic bacteria, facultative bacteria, fungi, algae and the like, the main functional bacteria are nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and the bacteria can be generated by cultivating and domesticating cyanide-containing wastewater;
the anoxic tank 5 of the biological treatment unit is internally provided with an annular runway partition plate, a submersible stirrer and an aeration head, and the anoxic tank is also internally provided with a liquid level meter, a pH meter, a dissolved oxygen meter and a matched automatic control system; activated sludge is placed in the anoxic tank 5, the concentration of the activated sludge is 3000 mg/L-14000 mg/L, the activated sludge contains anaerobic bacteria, aerobic bacteria, facultative bacteria, fungi, algae and the like, the main functional bacteria are nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and the bacteria can be generated by cultivating and domesticating cyanide-containing wastewater;
the aeration heads in an aerobic tank 6 of the biological treatment unit adopt microporous aerators, the density of the aeration heads is evenly distributed according to the process aeration requirements, the aerobic tank adopts an intermittent and intelligent aeration mode, and the aeration quantity of different positions of the aerobic tank is adjusted through a dissolved oxygen meter and a matched automatic control system arranged in the aerobic tank; the aerobic tank is internally provided with carbon source and alkalinity agent adding point positions, and is also internally provided with a liquid level meter, a pH meter, a dissolved oxygen meter and a matched automatic control system; activated sludge is placed in the aerobic tank 6, the concentration of the activated sludge is 3000 mg/L-14000 mg/L, the activated sludge contains anaerobic lack, aerobic bacteria, facultative bacteria, fungi, algae and the like, the main functional bacteria are nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and the bacteria can be generated by cultivating and domesticating cyanide-containing wastewater;
the MBR membrane wastewater treatment tank 7 adopts a hollow fiber membrane, and a reflux pump is arranged in the tank and is used for refluxing mixed liquor to the selection tank or the aerobic tank; an aeration head is arranged in the MBR membrane wastewater treatment tank 7, and a liquid level meter, a pH meter, a dissolved oxygen meter and a matched automatic control system are also arranged in the tank; activated sludge is placed in the pool, the concentration of the activated sludge is 3000 mg/L-14000 mg/L, the activated sludge contains anaerobic bacteria, aerobic bacteria, facultative bacteria, fungi, algae and the like, the main functional bacteria are nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and the bacteria can be cultivated and domesticated by using cyanide-containing wastewater;
the water production tank 8 and the MBR membrane wastewater treatment tank 7 are respectively connected by a water outlet pump 9 and a backwashing pump 10, a pressure sensor is arranged on a water outlet pipe, and a membrane component in the MBR membrane wastewater treatment tank adopts an intermittent operation mode.
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the experimental examples
Experimental example:
referring to fig. 1, the biochemically pretreated cyanide-containing wastewater is delivered to a water softening treatment unit by a delivery pump, and calcium and magnesium ions in the wastewater are precipitated by adding a water softening agent. Then, the sediment formed in the water softening unit is discharged out of the system by using a filtering system, and the supernatant enters a selection pool of the biochemical treatment unit. Meanwhile, the membrane tank reflux liquid and the carbon source liquid medicine are added into the selection tank, so that the cyanide-containing wastewater, the activated sludge and the carbon source are fully mixed in the selection tank, and meanwhile, the generation of filamentous fungi is inhibited. Then the mixed liquid in the selected pool automatically flows into an anoxic pool for treatment, and the anoxic pool adopts a circulating runway type pool shape and is stirred by a submersible propeller. The activated sludge in the anoxic tank can convert nitrate and nitrite into nitrogen, and meanwhile, the biodegradability of the wastewater is improved. The treated liquid flows into an aerobic tank for treatment by self-flow through an anoxic tank, and the aerobic tank is provided with blast aeration for providing oxygen. The activated sludge in the microbial aerobic tanks can degrade cyanide and COD (thiocyanate and the like) into ammonia, carbon dioxide and sulfate, and convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrate and nitrite. The treatment liquid automatically flows into the membrane tank through the aerobic tank, the treatment liquid realizes mud-water separation through the MBR membrane treatment system, clear water is conveyed to the water production tank 8 through the water outlet pump 9, and high-concentration activated sludge mixed liquid in the MBR membrane wastewater treatment tank 7 is conveyed to the front-end selection tank through the reflux pump. Most clear water overflows and is discharged outside the water production tank 8, part of produced water is conveyed to a backwashing MBR membrane component through a water outlet pump (backwashing pump), and cleaning liquid medicine (sodium hypochlorite or citric acid) is added into backwashing water at regular intervals or is utilized to perform in-situ recovery cleaning according to the operation condition of the MBR membrane treatment system.
The control parameters of the whole process are as follows: the adding amount of the soda ash of the water softening treatment unit is 1.5-3g/L, the water softening treatment unit is operated by connecting three-stage complete mixed reactors of an anoxic tank, an aerobic tank and a membrane tank in series, the DO of the aerobic tank is controlled to be 2-3 mg/L, the pH is controlled to be 6.8-7.2, the sludge concentration is controlled to be 3000-14000 mg/L, the actual HRT of the whole system is 2.34d, the reflux ratio is 600%, and the membrane area is 0.1m2The membrane pool adopts a dynamic aeration mode, and the dynamic aeration period is 12min (the running time and the intermittent time are 8+4 min). The adding proportion of the carbon source is 2.0-4.0g-COD/g-TN, and the adding proportion of the alkalinity is 4.0-5.0 g-alkalinity/g-NH4 +-N。
Under the process conditions, the water quality conditions of the inlet and outlet water of the cyanide-containing wastewater in the system are shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 Water quality of inlet and outlet water of treatment system mg/L
| Index of water quality | Quality of inlet water | Quality of effluent water |
| Hardness of | 2000 | ≤200 |
| COD | 50～200 | ≤100 |
| |
2～8 | ≤0.5 |
| SCN- | ≤10 | ≤1 |
| pH (dimensionless) | 6～9 | 6～9 |
| NH4 +-N | 200～800 | ≤15 |
| NO2-N | 0.01～300 | ≤50 |
Therefore, the target pollutant indexes of the wastewater treated by the whole treatment system reach or are superior to the water quality requirement of Integrated wastewater discharge Standard (GB8978-1996), and the cyanide-containing wastewater of enterprises can reach the standard for discharge.
Claims (8)
1. The advanced treatment method of the high-hardness cyanide-containing wastewater is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the cyanogen-containing wastewater after biochemical pretreatment is subjected to advanced treatment by the whole treatment system, and the whole treatment system comprises a water softening pretreatment unit, a biological treatment unit and a mud-water separation unit; the water softening pretreatment unit comprises a medicament adding system, a reactor and a filtering device, and calcium and magnesium ions in the wastewater are removed by adopting a chemical method, so that the aim of reducing the hardness of the wastewater is fulfilled; discharging the precipitate generated by the water softening pretreatment through a filtering device, and allowing the supernatant to enter a subsequent biological treatment unit; the biological treatment unit comprises a selection tank, an anoxic tank and an aerobic tank, wherein the selection tank, the anoxic tank and the aerobic tank are sequentially connected, and wastewater among the tanks flows automatically by depending on the liquid level difference of the tanks, so that the pretreated wastewater sequentially passes through the selection tank, the anoxic tank and the aerobic tank to remove COD (chemical oxygen demand), ammonia nitrogen and cyanide target pollutants; the sludge-water separation unit is connected with the biological treatment unit, and sludge-water separation is carried out on the mixed liquid discharged from the aerobic tank by utilizing the MBR membrane wastewater treatment tank; after the wastewater is treated by the whole treatment system, each target pollutant index of the wastewater reaches or is superior to the water quality requirement of Integrated wastewater discharge Standard (GB8978-1996), and the cyanide-containing wastewater of enterprises reaches the standard and is discharged.
2. The advanced treatment method for high-hardness cyanide-containing wastewater according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the concentration limit values of various pollutants in the biochemically pretreated cyanide-containing wastewater are as follows: COD is less than or equal to 500mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 600mg/L, TN is less than or equal to 1000mg/L, total cyanide is less than or equal to 10mg/L, and various heavy metals Cu, Zn, Pb, As and Ag are less than or equal to 1 mg/L.
3. The advanced treatment method for high-hardness cyanide-containing wastewater according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the water softening pretreatment unit adopts a lime-soda method and a carbon dioxide method which are traditional chemical processes to remove calcium and magnesium ions, and the filtering device is a filter press, an inclined plate sedimentation device or a thickener.
4. The advanced treatment method for high-hardness cyanide-containing wastewater according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: a selection pool of the biological treatment unit is provided with carbon source and alkalinity agent adding point positions; a liquid level meter, a pH meter, a dissolved oxygen meter and a matched automatic control system are also arranged in the tank; activated sludge is placed in the selective tank, the concentration of the activated sludge is 3000 mg/L-14000 mg/L, the activated sludge contains anaerobic lack, aerobic bacteria, facultative bacteria, fungi and algae, the main functional bacteria are nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and the bacteria can be cultivated and domesticated by using cyanide-containing wastewater.
5. The advanced treatment method for high-hardness cyanide-containing wastewater according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: an annular runway partition plate, a submersible stirrer and an aeration head are arranged in an anoxic tank of the biological treatment unit, and a liquid level meter, a pH meter, a dissolved oxygen meter and a matched automatic control system are also arranged in the anoxic tank; activated sludge is placed in the anoxic tank, the concentration of the activated sludge is 3000 mg/L-14000 mg/L, the activated sludge contains anaerobic lack, aerobic bacteria, facultative bacteria, fungi, algae and the like, the main functional bacteria are nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and the bacteria can be cultured and domesticated by using cyanide-containing wastewater.
6. The advanced treatment method for high-hardness cyanide-containing wastewater according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: aeration heads in an aerobic tank of the biological treatment unit adopt microporous aerators, the density of the aeration heads is evenly distributed according to the process aeration requirements, the aerobic tank adopts an intermittent and intelligent aeration mode, and aeration amounts of different positions of the aerobic tank are adjusted through a dissolved oxygen meter and a matched automatic control system arranged in the aerobic tank; the aerobic tank is internally provided with carbon source and alkalinity agent adding point positions, and is also internally provided with a liquid level meter, a pH meter, a dissolved oxygen meter and a matched automatic control system; activated sludge is placed in the aerobic tank, the concentration of the activated sludge is 3000 mg/L-14000 mg/L, the activated sludge contains anaerobic lack, aerobic bacteria, facultative bacteria, fungi, algae and the like, the main functional bacteria are nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and the bacteria can be cultured and domesticated by using cyanide-containing wastewater.
7. The advanced treatment method for high-hardness cyanide-containing wastewater according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the MBR membrane wastewater treatment tank adopts a hollow fiber membrane, and a reflux pump is arranged in the MBR membrane wastewater treatment tank and is used for refluxing the mixed solution to the selection tank or the aerobic tank; an aeration head is arranged in the MBR membrane wastewater treatment tank 7, and a liquid level meter, a pH meter, a dissolved oxygen meter and a matched automatic control system are also arranged in the tank; activated sludge is placed in the pool, the concentration of the activated sludge is 3000 mg/L-14000 mg/L, the activated sludge contains anaerobic bacteria, aerobic bacteria, facultative bacteria, fungi, algae and the like, the main functional bacteria are nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and the bacteria can be cultivated and domesticated by using cyanide-containing wastewater.
8. The advanced treatment method for high-hardness cyanide-containing wastewater according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the water production tank is connected with the MBR membrane wastewater treatment tank through a suction pump and a backwashing pump respectively, a pressure sensor is arranged on a water outlet pipe, and a membrane assembly in the MBR membrane wastewater treatment tank adopts an intermittent operation mode.
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| CN115895994A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-04-04 | 东北大学 | A kind of efficient cyanide-reducing bacteria and its enrichment method and application of degrading complex cyanide-containing wastewater |
| CN116040828A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2023-05-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and device for treating petrochemical wastewater |
| CN116119848A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2023-05-16 | 河北协同水处理技术有限公司 | Desulfurization waste liquid pretreatment system |
| CN116986731A (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-11-03 | 长春黄金研究院有限公司 | Biological strengthening treatment method for waste water containing arsenic and ammonia nitrogen in gold industry |
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