CN111729163A - Ventilator adapter and ventilator system - Google Patents

Abstract

A ventilator adapter and a ventilator system. A ventilator adapter comprises: a first N-way distributor (1), a second N-way distributor (2), and N Y-shaped adapters. The main path (11) includes a main path constant diameter section (111) and a main path variable diameter section (112); the main path constant diameter section (111) is deflected by a predetermined angle away from the four branch paths. The ventilator adapter proposed by the present invention can be connected to a ventilator in the prior art so that multiple patients can share one ventilator, and each branch pipeline obtains a relatively average flow rate, which is beneficial to expanding the capabilities of a single ventilator. The number of patients supported, maximizing the efficiency of the ventilator.

Description

Ventilator adapter and ventilator system

technical field

The invention relates to the field of medical devices, in particular to a ventilator adapter and a ventilator system.

Background technique

As an effective means to artificially replace the function of spontaneous ventilation, ventilator has been widely used in respiratory failure caused by various reasons, anesthesia and respiratory management during major surgery, respiratory support treatment and emergency resuscitation. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ventilator system in the prior art. The ventilator system in the prior art includes a ventilator 1 ′, a humidifier 2 ′, a Y-shaped adapter 3 ′, a pressure flow meter 4 ′, and a pressure sensor 5 ' and the first pressure detection pipe 51' and the second pressure detection pipe 52'.

The upper one connected to the ventilator 1' receives exhaled air from the patient through a first branch, as indicated by the first large arrow pointing towards the ventilator 1', and it sends inspiratory air to the ventilator 1' through a second branch. The patient, as indicated by the lower second large arrow pointing away from the ventilator 1'.

The pressure sensor 5' is a differential pressure sensor comprising a cylindrical housing allowing air to be delivered to or from the patient and two pressure detection ports 53 connected to a first pressure detection tube 51' and a second pressure detection tube 52' ' and 54'. The pressure sensor 5' further includes a resistance element positioned along the inside of the housing between the pressure detection port 53' and the pressure detection port 54'. The resistance element changes the speed of the airflow as it passes through the housing, which creates a pressure differential between the pressure sensing ports 53' and 54'. This differential pressure is detected by a pressure pressure flow meter 4' to measure respiratory flow through the housing. The pressure flow meter 4' then measures the differential pressure to generate one or more corresponding electrical signals. These electrical signals are processed by the ventilator 1' to trigger specific working modes of the ventilator, such as:

Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV) mode: Positive pressure is generated during inhalation, the air is forced into the lungs, and the air is exhaled by the body's own pressure.

Assisted/Controlled Ventilation (A/C) Mode: When the patient breathes spontaneously, the machine starts with the breathing. Once the spontaneous breathing does not occur within a certain period of time, the mechanical ventilation automatically changes from assisted to controlled ventilation.

Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV) mode: The ventilator receives a negative pressure signal in the airway caused by spontaneous breathing at a certain interval, sends out airflow synchronously, and performs assisted ventilation intermittently. That is, after several spontaneous breaths, give a positive pressure ventilation to ensure the ventilation volume per minute.

The first pressure sensing tube 51' and the second pressure sensing tube 52' may be filled with a gas volume or gas column whose pressure changes in response to the breathing action of the ventilator 1' and the patient. These changes in pressure are measured by the pressure flow meter 4'.

Ventilator 1' supplies gas from the ventilator inhalation port to humidifier 2'. Gases typically include room air or oxygen. The gas is usually dry and at room temperature of 25°C. The gas leaving the humidifier 2' is typically at 100% relative humidity (RH) (i.e. saturated) and at a temperature greater than room temperature and less than or equal to body temperature 37[deg.]C. This gas is supplied to the patient via an inhalation branch comprising a Y-adapter 3' and a pressure sensor 5'. The gas returning from the patient is less than 100% RH due to condensation and is at a lower temperature (e.g. 33°C) and returns to the ventilator 1' via the expiratory branch containing the Y-adapter 3' and pressure sensor 5'.

The prior art ventilator systems as described above are only capable of supplying one patient. In the event of severe infectious disease epidemics, earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters, the insufficient number of ventilators will not be able to support a large increase in patients in a short period of time.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are as follows:

A ventilator adapter 100 includes a first N-way distributor 1, a second N-way distributor 2, and N Y-shaped adapters; a branch port of the N Y-shaped adapters is connected to the first one-way valve 10 in turn with the first one-way valve 10. Each branch port of an N-way distributor 1 is connected together; the other branch port of the N Y-shaped adapters is sequentially connected to each branch port of the second N-way distributor 2 through the second one-way valve 20 ; where N=2×i, i is a natural number; wherein, the number of branches of the first N-way distributor 1 and the second N-way distributor 2 corresponds to the number of Y-shaped adapters, the first one-way valve 10 and the first The two one-way valves 20 are in one-to-one correspondence with the branch ports of the first N-way distributor 1 and the second N-way distributor 2; the main path 11 includes a main path constant diameter section 111 and a main path variable diameter section 112; the main path is constant The diameter section 111 is deflected by a predetermined angle in a direction away from the four branch paths.

A ventilator system is characterized in that it comprises: a ventilator, a ventilator adapter, and a pressure sensor, which are cascaded in sequence; and a pressure flow meter is connected in parallel with the pressure sensor.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the ventilator adapter proposed by the present invention can be connected to a ventilator in the prior art so that multiple patients can share one ventilator, and each branch pipeline can obtain A relatively average flow rate is beneficial to expand the number of patients that a single ventilator can support and maximize the efficiency of the ventilator.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of ventilator system in the prior art;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the ventilator system of the present invention;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the ventilator adapter of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the Y-shaped adapter of the present invention;

5 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the ventilator adapter of the present invention;

6 is a performance comparison diagram of each embodiment of the ventilator adapter of the present invention and the prior art;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributor of one channel and multiple channels in the prior art.

Detailed ways

The present invention is described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed to limit the invention to the embodiments set forth herein; on the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will guide Those skilled in the art will fully convey the scope of the invention. The same reference numbers will refer to the same elements throughout. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It should also be understood that unless explicitly defined herein, terms such as those defined in common dictionaries should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the related art and this particular disclosure, and will not be interpreted In an idealized or overly formal sense.

It should be emphasized that, when used in this specification, the word "comprising/comprising" specifies the presence of a particular feature, element, step or component, but does not exclude one or more other features, elements, steps, components or the like Group presence or attachment.

It will be understood that, although the terms first and second may be used herein to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These words are only used to distinguish one component from another. Thus, for example, a first component described below could be termed a second component without departing from the teachings of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the ventilator system of the present invention is connected to the ventilator adapter 100 of the present invention by removing the Y-shaped adapter and subsequent pressure sensors and pressure flow meters in the prior art. The ventilator adapter 100 of the present invention includes a first N-way distributor 1, a second N-way distributor 2, and N Y-shaped adapters; one branch port of the N Y-shaped adapters is connected to the first one-way valve 10 in turn with Each branch port of the first N-way distributor 1 is connected together; the other branch port of the N Y-shaped adapters is sequentially connected to each branch port of the second N-way distributor 2 through the second one-way valve 20. together; where N=2×i, where i is a natural number.

The first one-way valve 10 and the second one-way valve 20 correspond to the branch ports of the first N-way distributor 1 and the second N-way distributor 2 in one-to-one correspondence, that is, the number of the first one-way valves 10 is N The number of the second one-way valves 20 is N. The conduction directions of the first one-way valve 10 and the second one-way valve 20 are opposite, which can prevent an internal circuit from being formed in the pipeline of the ventilator adapter 100 of the present invention.

The number of branches of the first N-way distributor 1 and the second N-way distributor 2 corresponds to the number of Y-shaped adapters, the number of N branches corresponds to N Y-shaped adapters, and the N Y-shaped adapters correspond to N patients. For example, when i=1 and N=2, the ventilator adapter 100 of the present invention can expand one ventilator to be used by two patients. When i=2, N=4, the ventilator adapter 100 of the present invention can expand one ventilator to be used by 4 patients. By analogy, the actual maximum number of patients supported by the ventilator adapter 100 of the present invention is determined according to the maximum power that the ventilator can achieve and the minimum gas delivery volume required by the patient. Typically, peak inspiratory flow rates in clinical ventilators range from 40-80 L/min.

As shown in FIG. 2 is an embodiment with N=4, that is, it includes 4 Y-shaped adapters: the first Y-shaped adapter 3, the second Y-shaped adapter 4, the third Y-shaped adapter 5, the first Y-shaped adapter Four Y-shaped adapters 6. The left branch ports of the first to fourth Y-shaped adapters are sequentially connected with the branch ports of the first four-way distributor 1 . The right branch ports of the first to fourth Y-shaped adapters are sequentially connected with the branch ports of the second four-way distributor 2 . The first to fourth Y-shaped adapters, the first four-way distributor 1, and the second four-way distributor 2 are packaged in a housing to form the ventilator adapter 100 of the present invention. The original pressure flow meter 4' and pressure sensor 5' of the ventilator in the prior art can be installed after any Y-shaped adapter to trigger the ventilator to work in a preset mode.

Example 1:

The specific structures of the first N-way distributor and the second N-way distributor in this embodiment are shown in FIG. 3 . When N=4, the first N-way distributor and the second N-way distributor include a main path and four branch paths. As mentioned above, N=4 is only an example, and N may also be equal to 2, 6, 8, 10, and so on.

The first four-way distributor and the second four-way distributor in FIG. 2 are generally implemented with a simple branch structure of one-way dividing into multiple-way. A typical one-way-multiplexing distributor 70 is shown in FIG. 7 , including a main path 71 and several branch paths 72 . However, this traditional branch pipeline can only approximately achieve an even distribution of the gas flow in the case of fewer branches. When multiple branches are connected to the main path at the same time, eddy currents, reverse turbulence, and pipeline vibrations are easily generated, resulting in uneven flow distribution in the system. As shown in FIG. 7 , the normal flow directions are 73 and 75 . However, due to improper piping configuration, reverse turbulent flow 74 is easily generated in some branches, which affects the uniformity of each port of the distributor.

Figure 3 shows a four-way distributor proposed by the present invention, which aims to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art. In the plane coordinate system of FIG. 3 , the transverse direction is the second axis, and the longitudinal direction is the first axis. It includes a main path 11 , a first branch path 12 , a second branch path 13 , a third branch path 14 , and a fourth branch path 15 . The four branch paths (12, 13, 14, 15) are parallel to the first axis and are arranged on one side of the main path 11; the extension direction of the main path 11 is the second axis, and the second axis is perpendicular to the first axis. The main path 11 includes a main path constant diameter section 111 and a main path variable diameter section 112 . Each branch path includes branch path constant diameter sections (122, 132, 142, 152) and branch path variable diameter sections (121, 131, 141, 151). The branch path is arranged on one side of the reducing section 112 of the main path. The main path constant diameter section 111 is deflected by a predetermined angle in a direction away from the four branch paths.

The predetermined angle is the included angle between the constant diameter section 111 of the main path and the second axis, preferably 5-30°, more preferably 15°.

The diameter of the constant diameter section 111 of the main path is H, and the diameters of each branch path are respectively h ₁ , h ₂ , h ₃ , and h ₄ . The spacing between the branch paths is G, and the end diameter of the reducing section of the main path is H'.

In order to study the effect of different pipe diameters on the airflow distribution, the CFD module of COMSOLMULTIPHYSICS was used for simulation.

After simulation, the resistance of the pipeline diameter to the flow velocity at different positions of the main path is different, so the size of the vortex formed is also different, which further causes the flow velocity of each pipeline to be different. In order to eliminate the eddy current effect as much as possible, it is necessary to adjust the pipe diameter inside the distributor. In this embodiment, the main path reducing section 112 is introduced into the main path, so that the diameter of the pipeline decreases in a gradual manner along the length direction. The edge of the lower half section of the main path reducing section 112 is a quarter of the circumference of the ellipse. The focus of the ellipse is on the same side of the four branch paths. The major axis of the ellipse is greater than 2×(3×G+h ₁ +h ₂ +h ₃ +h ₄ ), preferably 2.1×(3×G+h ₁ +h ₂ +h ₃ +h ₄ ). The ratio of the end diameter H' of the main path variable diameter section 112 to the diameter H of the main path constant diameter section 111 is 0.1-0.7, preferably 0.3.

In this embodiment, a circular arc chamfer is provided at the junction of the main path and the branch path on the inner wall of the pipeline to eliminate sharp bulges at the corners, thereby further reducing the generated eddy current.

The greater the difference between the flow velocity of the branch path of the four-way distributor and the flow velocity of the main path, the greater the degree of vortex generated. The pipe diameter of the main path and the branch path is an important factor affecting the flow rate. In order to obtain a relatively average flow rate of the four branch paths, it is necessary to configure an appropriate pipe diameter ratio.

When H is equal to any value of h ₁ to h ₄ , the pressure difference between the first branch path 12 , the second branch path 13 , the third branch path 14 , and the fourth branch path 15 is large, and the flow velocity is uneven . When the diameter H of the main path constant diameter section 111 satisfies the following relationship: H≧1.2×(h ₁ +h ₂ +h ₃ +h ₄ ), where h ₁ , h ₂ , h ₃ , and h ₄ are each of the ventilator adapters The diameter of the branch paths, the pressure difference between the first to fourth branch paths is small, and the flow velocity is relatively average.

The branch path reducing section (121, 131, 141, 151) of each branch path of the first to fourth branch paths is used as an interface to facilitate the connection with the port (33 or 34) of the Y-shaped adapter. take off. The diameter of the variable diameter section also enables fine-tuning of flow rate and resistance, reducing the possibility of eddy currents. The branch path reducing section (121, 131, 141, 151) and the port (33 or 34) of the Y-shaped adapter can be connected together by socket or by means such as ultrasonic welding and thermal fusion.

The specific structure of the Y-shaped adapter of the ventilator adapter 100 in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 4 . The first to fourth Y-adapters have exactly the same shape. The Y-shaped adapter includes: a first port 31, a transition section 32, a second port 33, and a third port 34; the first port 31 is located on one side of the transition section 32; the second port 33 and the third port 34 are symmetrically arranged in the transition The other side of the segment 32; the first port 31 is _a tube of diameter d1, the second port 33 is a tube of diameter _d2 , and the third port 34 is a tube of diameter _d3 , where d1 _{= d2} +d ₃ . Preferably, d ₂ =d ₃ . The transition section 32 is a hollow flat cavity, and its transverse width gradually increases from one end to the other end. The above design can ensure that the flow velocity is evenly distributed from the first port 31 to the second port 33 and the third port 34, and the transition section 32 is longitudinally longer than the prior art, so the possibility of vortex generation can be reduced.

The first port 31 of the Y-shaped adapter is connected to a patient mask through a pipeline, or is connected to a pressure sensor and a pressure flow meter in the prior art that the ventilator has been disassembled before. The second port 33 of the Y-shaped adapter is connected to the branch port of the first four-way distributor 1 , and the third port 34 of the Y-shaped adapter is connected to the branch port of the second four-way distributor 2 .

Embodiment 2:

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the first four-way distributor and the second four-way distributor in the second embodiment. Compared with the first embodiment, the edge of the lower half of the section of the main path reducing section 112 in this embodiment is a quarter of the circumference of the ellipse. The foci of the ellipse are on opposite sides of the four branch paths. The major axis of the ellipse is greater than 2×(3×G+h ₁ +h ₂ +h ₃ +h ₄ ), preferably 2.1×(3×G+h ₁ +h ₂ +h ₃ +h ₄ ).

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of each embodiment of the present invention and a comparative example of the prior art.

Define ε as the flow unevenness coefficient of each branch path:

为各个分支路径的体积流量的平均值，L/min。图6中横轴为四路分配器支路序号，纵轴为各实施例与现有技术中对照例的流量不均匀系数ε。从图中看出，采用本发明实施例的技术方案相对于现有技术中固定管径的适配器，各个分支管路获得了较为平均的流速，有利于扩展单个呼吸机所能支持的患者数量。where V _i is the volume flow of each branch path, L/min;

is the average value of the volume flow of each branch path, L/min. In FIG. 6 , the horizontal axis is the serial number of the branch of the four-way distributor, and the vertical axis is the flow unevenness coefficient ε of each embodiment and the comparative example in the prior art. As can be seen from the figure, compared with the adapter with a fixed diameter in the prior art, each branch pipeline obtains a relatively average flow rate by using the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, which is conducive to expanding the number of patients that a single ventilator can support.

The invention also discloses a ventilator system, which is characterized in that it comprises: a ventilator, a ventilator adapter, and a pressure sensor, which are cascaded in sequence; and a pressure flowmeter is connected to the pressure sensor in parallel.

The above are only specific implementations of the embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions should be included within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A ventilator adapter, comprising: the first N-path distributor (1), the second N-path distributor (2) and N Y-shaped adapters; one branch port of the N Y-shaped adapters is sequentially connected with each branch port of the first N-way distributor (1) through a first one-way valve (10); the other branch ports of the N Y-shaped adapters are sequentially connected with each branch port of the second N-way distributor (2) through a second one-way valve (20); wherein N is 2 × i, i is a natural number; the number of branches of the first N-path distributor (1) and the second N-path distributor (2) corresponds to the number of Y-shaped adapters, and the first check valve (10) and the second check valve (20) correspond to branch ports of the first N-path distributor (1) and the second N-path distributor (2) one by one respectively; the main path (11) comprises a main path constant diameter section (111) and a main path variable diameter section (112); the main path constant diameter section (111) is deflected by a predetermined angle in a direction away from the four branch paths.

2. A ventilator adapter according to claim 1 wherein: when N is 4, the first N-way distributor and the second N-way distributor comprise a main path and four branch paths, and form a first four-way distributor and a second four-way distributor; the four-way distributor comprises a main path (11), a first branch path (12), a second branch path (13), a third branch path (14) and a fourth branch path (15); the four branch paths (12, 13, 14, 15) are parallel to the first axis and are arranged on one side of the main path (11); the extension direction of the main path (11) is a second axis which is vertical to the first axis; each branch path comprises a branch path constant diameter section (122, 132, 142, 152) and a branch path variable diameter section (121, 131, 141, 151); the branch path is disposed at one side of the main path variable section (112).

3. A ventilator adapter according to claim 1 wherein: the preset angle is that the included angle between the main path constant diameter section (111) and the second shaft is 5-30 degrees.

4. A ventilator adapter according to claim 1 wherein: the constant diameter section (111) of the main path has a diameter H, and each of the branch paths has a diameter H₁、h₂、h₃、h₄The distance between the branch paths is G, the diameter of the tail end of the main path variable-diameter section is H ', the ratio of the diameter H' of the tail end of the main path variable-diameter section (112) to the diameter H of the main path constant-diameter section (111) is 0.1-0.7, the edge of the lower half section of the main path variable-diameter section (112) is a quarter of the circumference of an ellipse, the focuses of the ellipse are located on the same side of the four branch paths, and the major axis of the ellipse is larger than 2 × (3 × G + H)₁+h₂+h₃+h₄)。

5. A ventilator adapter according to claim 1 wherein: the lower half cross-sectional edge of the main path reducer section (112) is a quarter of the perimeter of the ellipse, with the foci of the ellipse located on opposite sides of the four branch paths.

6. A ventilator adapter according to claim 5 wherein: the ratio of the terminal diameter H' of the main path variable diameter section (112) to the diameter H of the main path constant diameter section (111) is 0.3.

7. A ventilator adapter according to claim 2 wherein: a circular arc chamfer is arranged at the junction of the main path (11) and the branch paths (12, 13, 14, 15) on the inner wall of the pipeline.

8. A respirator adapter according to claim 2, wherein the diameter H of the main path constant diameter section (111) satisfies the relationship H ≧ 1.2 × (H)₁+h₂+h₃+h₄) Wherein h is₁、h₂、h₃、h₄The diameter of each branch path for the ventilator adapter.

9. A ventilator adapter according to claim 1 wherein: the Y shape adapter includes: a first port (31), a transition section (32), a second port (33), a third port (34); the first port (31) is positioned at one side of the transition section (32); the second port (33) and the third port (34) are symmetrically arranged on the other side of the transition section (32); the first port (31) has a diameter d₁The second port (33) being of diameter d₂The third port (34) being of diameter d₃Wherein d is₁＝d₂+d₃(ii) a The transition section (32) is a hollow flat cavity that gradually increases in width across the transition section from one end to the other.

10. A ventilator system comprising a ventilator, a ventilator adapter according to any one of claims 1-9, a pressure sensor, in serial cascade; the pressure flowmeter is connected with the pressure sensor in parallel.

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