CN111720154A - A safety and energy-saving control method for tunnel ventilation and lighting system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a safety and energy-saving control method for a tunnel ventilation and lighting system, comprising the steps of: 1) the control center obtains the values of visibility, toxic gas concentration and brightness; 2) the control center judges whether the toxic gas concentration is normal, and when abnormal, the fan works in Half-power running state; 3) Determine the relationship between visibility and visual contrast according to the brightness; 4) According to the relationship, define the three levels of low, medium and high visibility of each section of the tunnel, and determine the level of the current visibility; When the visibility is at a low level, the fan works at full power; when the visibility is at a medium level, increase the lighting brightness L to L1 _; when the visibility is at a high level, keep the current lighting brightness and fan status unchanged; 5) The control center is based on toxic The gas concentration and visibility determine the fan status and control the closing time of the fan. The present invention achieves the effects of safety and energy saving on the premise of maintaining the visual contrast at a high level.

Description

A safety and energy-saving control method for tunnel ventilation and lighting system

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of highway tunnel ventilation and lighting, in particular to a safety and energy-saving control method for a tunnel ventilation and lighting system.

Background technique

In the process of driving, the car often emits a large amount of exhaust gas and brings a large amount of smoke and dust, resulting in an increase in the concentration of smoke and dust and a decrease in visibility. The tunnel is a relatively sealed space, this phenomenon is particularly obvious. With the increase of smoke and dust concentration and the decrease of visibility level, if no corresponding countermeasures are taken, it is very likely that the driver's visual contrast will be lower than the visual contrast threshold, which will ultimately affect the driver's driving safety.

In the existing technical solutions, visibility detectors and fans are often arranged in the tunnel, and the visibility is maintained at a high level by adjusting the ventilation in the tunnel to ensure the driving safety of the driver. However, most of the visibility detectors detect the visibility by detecting the transmittance of the atmosphere, and the final condition for the driver to drive safely is that the visual contrast in the tunnel is higher than the visual contrast threshold of the human eye. Therefore, the prior art solution has the following disadvantages:

1. It is not possible to ensure whether the visual contrast in the tunnel is higher than the visual contrast threshold.

2. Only by controlling the ventilation to improve the visual contrast in the tunnel will lead to an increase in the system loss and cannot achieve effective energy saving.

3. Does not take into account the different effects of visibility on visual contrast at different brightness levels.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, and propose a scientific and reliable control method for safety and energy conservation of tunnel ventilation and lighting systems. The highest method improves the visual contrast, and achieves the effect of safety and energy saving on the premise of maintaining the visual contrast at a high level.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a safe and energy-saving control method for a tunnel ventilation and lighting system, the tunnel ventilation and lighting system includes a detector module, a control center, a fan and an LED tunnel light, and the detector The module includes a scattering-type visibility detector for detecting the visibility in the tunnel, a toxic gas detector for detecting the concentration of toxic gas in the tunnel, and a brightness detector for detecting the brightness in the tunnel; wherein, the safety and energy-saving control method includes the following step:

1) The control center obtains the values of visibility, toxic gas concentration and brightness;

2) The control center judges whether the concentration of toxic gas is normal, and the fan works in half-power operation state when it is abnormal;

3) Determine the relationship between visibility and visual contrast according to brightness;

4) According to the relational expression, the three levels of visibility of each section of the tunnel are defined as low, medium and high, and the level of the current visibility is judged;

When the visibility is at a low level, the fan works at full power;

When the visibility is at a medium level, increase the lighting brightness L to L ₁ ;

When the visibility is at a high level, keep the current lighting brightness and fan status unchanged;

5) The control center judges the status of the fan according to the concentration of toxic gas and visibility, and controls the closing time of the fan.

In step 2), the normal range of toxic gas concentration is selected as: CO volume concentration c(CO)≤100cm ³ /m ³ .

In step 3), the relationship between visibility and visual contrast is determined according to the brightness, as follows:

Collect data on the change of visual contrast with visibility under different brightness;

Observing the relationship curve between visual contrast and visibility under different brightness, it is found that when the brightness is fixed, the relationship between the visibility S and the visual contrast C basically satisfies the exponential relationship, so the exponential function fitting method can be used to match the relationship between S and C when the brightness is fixed. The relationship between them is fitted, and the relationship is obtained as follows:

In the formula, the visibility S is represented by 100m transmittance, the visual contrast C is represented by the contrast between the marker and the background, and the parameters A _i , B _i , and D _i are the undetermined coefficients in the fitting equation, where i corresponds to For different brightness, the values of parameters A _i , B _i and D _i can be determined according to the specific values of S and C when the brightness is determined;

In step 4), the method of delineating the low, medium and high levels of visibility S is as follows:

Low-level visibility: S<S ₁ ; medium-level visibility: S ₁ ≤ S ≤ S ₂ ; high-level visibility: S>S ₂ ; wherein, S ₁ is the low-level visibility threshold, and S ₂ is the high-level visibility threshold;

Combined with formula (1), the selected values of S ₁ and S ₂ are:

In the formula, C ₀ is the visual contrast threshold.

In step 4), the method for improving the illumination brightness L is as follows:

Collect the data of the change of visual contrast with brightness under different visibility;

The exponential function fitting method is used to fit the relationship between C and L when the visibility is fixed, and the relationship is obtained as follows:

In the formula, the visual contrast C is represented by the contrast between the marker and the background, the visibility S is represented by the 100m transmittance, and the parameters E _k , F _k , and G _k are the undetermined coefficients in the fitting equation, where k corresponds to For different visibility, the values of parameters E _k , F _k and G _k can be determined according to the specific values of C and L when the visibility is determined;

When the visibility is at a medium level, the lighting brightness in the tunnel should be increased from L to L ₁ ;

Combining formula (2), we can get:

In the formula, C ₀ is the visual contrast threshold.

In step 5), the closing time of the fan is determined by the following method:

The control center judges the current state of the fan according to the concentration of toxic gas and visibility: when the CO volume concentration c(CO) ≥ 100cm ³ /m ³ and the visibility S ≥ S ₁ , the fan is judged to be operating at half power; when S ≤ S ₁ , judging that the fan is operating at full power; among them, S ₁ is the low-level visibility threshold;

When the fan is running at half power, judge whether the toxic gas concentration satisfies c(CO)≤c ₀ (CO), and control the fan to turn off when it satisfies; wherein, c ₀ (CO) is the set value of CO volume concentration;

When the fan is running at full power, judge whether the visibility and toxic gas concentration satisfy: visibility S≥S ₀ and c(CO)≤c ₀ (CO), control the fan to turn off when it is satisfied; where S ₀ is the difference in visibility in the tunnel expected value;

When the fan is not in the half-power running state nor in the full-power running state, the current process ends.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

Compared with the traditional tunnel visibility control method, the method of the present invention, on the one hand, introduces visual contrast as an evaluation index, which can better evaluate the driver's visual experience than the visibility; on the other hand, the visibility under different brightness levels is divided into three grades , Adopt the most efficient method to improve the visual contrast at different levels, realize the effective cooperation of tunnel ventilation and lighting, overcome the shortcomings of excessive energy consumption when only using the ventilation method to improve the visual contrast, and maintain the visual contrast at a high level. On the premise, the effect of safety and energy saving is achieved.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the logic flow of the method of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

The safety and energy-saving control method for a tunnel ventilation and lighting system provided by this embodiment, the tunnel ventilation and lighting system for which includes a detector module, a control center, a fan, and an LED tunnel light, and the detector module includes a detector module for detecting the visibility in the tunnel. Scattering type visibility detector, toxic gas detector for detecting the concentration of toxic gas in the tunnel, and brightness detector for detecting the brightness in the tunnel.

As shown in Figure 1, the specific control conditions of the safety and energy saving control method are as follows:

Assume that the parameters in a certain section of tunnel are: illumination brightness L ₀ =5cd/m ² , toxic gas concentration c ₁ (CO)=50cm ³ /m ³ , visibility (ie transmittance) S _t =30%, visual contrast C=56%.

The normal range of each variable is selected as follows: toxic gas concentration: c(CO)≤100cm ³ /m ³ , visual contrast threshold C ₀ =65%.

The control center compares the toxic gas concentration c ₁ (CO) with the standard value, and obtains that c ₁ (CO)≤100cm ³ /m ³ , the fan does not enter the half-power operation state.

Collect the data that the visual contrast C varies with the visibility S under different brightness, and use the exponential function fitting method to fit the relationship between S and C when the brightness is fixed. The relationship between the visual contrast C and the visibility S is obtained as follows:

Among them, the parameters A _i , B _i , and D _i are the undetermined coefficients in the fitting equation, where i corresponds to different brightness. When the brightness is determined, the parameters A _i , B _i , and D _i can be determined according to the specific values of S and C. value. For the convenience of calculation, the values of luminance L are given as 2cd/m ² , 5cd/m ² , 10cd/m ² , 20cd/m ² , 30cd/m ² , 40cd/m ² , 50cd/m ² , 60cd/m ² , 70cd/m ² , 80cd/m ² The values of parameters A _i , B _i , and D _i are shown in the following table. In actual calculation, the values of parameters A _i , B _i and D _i can be obtained by looking up the table.

Table 1 Values of A _i , B _i , _Di under different brightness

When the measured brightness cannot be found in the table above, use the interpolation method to find the values of the parameters A _i , B _i , and D _i .

The step of determining parameters by interpolation method: Let the measured luminance be L _n , and L _i and L _i+1 are the two luminances adjacent to L _n in the table, respectively. Then the values of the parameters A _n , B _n , and D _n corresponding to the brightness L _n can be selected as follows:

In the formula, the parameters A _i , B _i , and D _i are parameters corresponding to the luminance L _i , and the parameters A _i+1 , B _i+1 , and D _i+ 1 are parameters corresponding to the luminance L _i+1 .

The control center finds the values of parameters A _i , B _i , D _i corresponding to L=5cd/m ² in Table 1, and when L=5cd/m ² , A ₅ =-43.8, B ₅ =0.18, D ₅ =0.588, determine the above equation as:

C=-0.438e ^-18S +0.588

Among them, the visibility S is represented by 100m transmittance, and the visual contrast C is represented by the contrast between the marker and the background.

After the control center obtains the equation of the change of the visual contrast C with the visibility S when the illumination brightness is 5cd/m ² , it starts to find the three levels of low, medium and high visibility under this brightness level.

Take the derivative of C with respect to S, take the derivative of C with respect to S as 1 as a critical point, when the derivative of C with respect to S is greater than 1, S has a greater influence on C, and when the derivative of C with respect to S is less than 1 The influence of S on C smaller. When the derivative of C with respect to S is equal to 1, the corresponding value of S is the low-level visibility threshold S ₁ .

S₂为高水平能见度阈值。当D_i≤C₀时无解。S₂无解，在该亮度水平下不存在高水平能见度。即仅提高能见度无法满足视觉对比度要求。Visual contrast threshold C ₀ =65%, let C=C ₀ , find the S at this time, and get the formula

S ₂ is the high level visibility threshold. There is no solution when D _i ≤ C ₀ . S ₂ has no solution, there is no high level of visibility at this brightness level. That is, only improving the visibility cannot meet the visual contrast requirement.

When the brightness in the tunnel is L=5cd/ ^m2 , the low and medium levels of visibility are defined as follows:

Low-level visibility: S<S ₁ , that is, S<11.5%, at this time, improving the visibility in the tunnel can significantly improve the visual contrast.

Medium-level visibility: S ₁ ≤ S ≤ S ₂ , that is, 11.5%≤S≤100%. At this time, the method of improving the visibility is not effective to improve the visual contrast, and the control center needs to adopt the method of increasing the brightness to improve the visibility.

The current visibility measured by the scattering-type visibility detector is S _t =30%, and the current visibility belongs to the medium-level visibility. The control center does not turn on the fan, and the fan does not enter the full power operation state.

_The method to determine which should be increased to the lighting level L1 is as follows:

Collect the data of the change of visual contrast with brightness under different visibility; use the exponential function fitting method to fit the relationship between C and L when the visibility is fixed, and the relationship is obtained as follows:

Among them, the visual contrast C is represented by the contrast between the marker and the background, the visibility S is represented by the 100m transmittance, the parameters E _k , F _k , G _k are undetermined coefficients in the fitting equation, where k corresponds to different Visibility, when the visibility is determined, the values of parameters E _k , F _k , and G _k can be determined according to the specific values of C and L. For the convenience of calculation, the parameters E _k , F _k , and G _k are given when the visibility S is 0.05%, 2%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 94% value, as shown in the following table. In actual calculation, the values of parameters E _k , F _k , and G _k can be obtained by looking up the table.

Table 2 Values of E _k , F _k , G _k under different visibility

Visibility S/% Parameter E_k Parameter F_k Parameter G_k 0.05 -0.1378 0.044 0.2281 2 -0.3351 0.1595 0.4873 10 -0.4258 0.1649 0.6553 30 -0.4721 0.1734 0.7269 50 -0.4997 0.1718 0.7583 60 -0.5121 0.1699 0.7836 70 -0.5607 0.1828 0.8045 80 -0.5608 0.1823 0.8247 90 -0.5564 0.1845 0.8422 94 -0.5742 0.1816 0.8571

When the measured visibility cannot be found in the table above, use interpolation to determine the values of parameters E _k , F _k , and G _k .

The steps of determining parameters by interpolation method: Let the measured visibility be _Sn , and _Si and Si ₊₁ are the two visibility adjacent to _Sn in the table respectively. Then the values of the parameters E _n , F _n , and G _n corresponding to the visibility _Sn can be selected as follows:

In the formula, the parameters E _i , F _i , and G _i are parameters corresponding to the visibility S _i , and the parameters E _i+1 , F _i+1 , and G _i+ 1 are parameters corresponding to the visibility S _i+1 . The control center finds the values corresponding to the parameters E _k , F _k , and G _k when S _t = 30% in Table 2. When substituting in the available visibility S _t = 30%, the equation for the change of the visual contrast C with the brightness L is:

C=-0.472e ^-0.173L +0.727

得到在该能见度下需将隧道中的照明亮度提高至L₁＝11cd/m²。Visual contrast threshold C ₀ =65%, obtained by substituting into the above formula

It is obtained that the illumination brightness in the tunnel needs to be increased to L ₁ =11cd/m ² under this visibility.

After the lighting brightness in the tunnel is increased from L=5cd/m ² to L ₁ =11cd/m ² , the visual contrast C>C ₀ is obtained from the relationship between C and L, and the requirement of visual contrast is satisfied. .

The control center judges the current state of the fan according to the concentration of toxic gas and visibility, as follows:

When the CO volume concentration c(CO) ≥ 100cm ³ /m ³ and the visibility S ≥ S ₁ , the fan is judged to be working at half power; when S≤ S ₁ , it is judged that the fan is working at full power. When the fan is running at half power, judge whether the toxic gas concentration satisfies c(CO)≤c ₀ (CO), and control the fan to turn off when it is satisfied; where, c ₀ (CO) is the set value of CO volume concentration; when the fan When in full power operation state, determine whether the visibility and toxic gas concentration meet: visibility S≥S ₀ and c(CO)≤c ₀ (CO), control the fan to turn off when they are satisfied; where S ₀ is the expected value of visibility in the tunnel.

Since the above-mentioned c ₁ (CO)=50cm ³ /m ³ <100cm ³ /m ³ , and S _t =30%>S ₁ , it is judged that the fan is not in the half-power operation state nor in the full-power operation state, and the current Process, complete the control of LED tunnel lights and fans.

It can be seen from the above embodiments that when the brightness is at a low level, the brightness is the main factor limiting the visual contrast; similarly, when the visibility is at a low level, the visibility is the main factor limiting the visual contrast. When the visual contrast is insufficient, the present invention adopts a method of judging the main factors limiting the visual contrast, and prioritizes improving the value of the main factors to improve the visual contrast, so it has high efficiency. In a word, compared with the traditional tunnel visibility control method, the method of the present invention, on the one hand, introduces the visual contrast as an evaluation index, which can better evaluate the driver's visual experience than the visibility; At different levels, the most efficient method is used to improve the visual contrast, which realizes the effective cooperation between tunnel ventilation and lighting, and overcomes the shortcomings of excessive energy consumption when only using the ventilation method to improve the visual contrast. Under the premise of high level, the effect of safety and energy saving has been achieved, which has practical application value and is worthy of promotion.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. Therefore, any changes made according to the shape and principle of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A safe and energy-saving control method for a tunnel ventilation and illumination system comprises a detector module, a control center, a fan and an LED tunnel lamp, wherein the detector module comprises a scattering visibility detector for detecting visibility in a tunnel, a toxic gas detector for detecting the concentration of toxic gas in the tunnel and a brightness detector for detecting the brightness in the tunnel; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) the control center obtains values of visibility, toxic gas concentration and brightness;

2) the control center judges whether the concentration of the toxic gas is normal or not, and the fan works in a half-power running state when the concentration of the toxic gas is abnormal;

3) determining a relational expression between visibility and visual contrast according to the brightness;

4) according to the relational expression, three levels of low visibility, medium visibility and high visibility of each section of the tunnel are defined, and the level of the current visibility is judged;

when the visibility is at a low level, the fan works in a full-power running state;

when the visibility is at the horizontal level, the illumination brightness L to L is increased₁；

When the visibility is at a high level, the current illumination brightness and the fan state are maintained unchanged;

5) the control center judges the state of the fan according to the concentration and the visibility of the toxic gas and controls the closing time of the fan.

2. The safety and energy-saving control method of the tunnel ventilation and illumination system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 2), the normal range of toxic gas concentration is selected as follows: the volume concentration C (CO) of CO is less than or equal to 100cm³/m³。

3. The safety and energy-saving control method of the tunnel ventilation and illumination system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 3), determining a relational expression between visibility and visual contrast according to the brightness, specifically as follows:

collecting data of visual contrast varying with visibility under different brightness;

observing a relation curve between the visual contrast and the visibility under different brightness, and finding that the visibility S and the visual contrast C basically satisfy an exponential relation when the brightness is fixed, so that an exponential function fitting method can be adopted to fit the relation between the S and the C when the brightness is fixed, and the relation is obtained as follows:

wherein the visibility S is expressed by a transmission of 100m, the visual contrast C is expressed by the contrast between the marker and the background, and the parameter A_i、B_i、D_iTo fit coefficients to be determined in an equation where i corresponds to different luminances, the parameter A can be determined from the specific S, C values at the time of luminance determination_i、B_i、D_iA value of (d);

in step 4), the method for defining the low, medium and high levels of visibility S is as follows:

low level visibility: s<S₁(ii) a Medium level visibility: s₁≤S≤S₂(ii) a High level visibility: s>S₂(ii) a Wherein S is₁For low level visibility threshold, S₂A high level visibility threshold;

binding formula (1), selecting S₁And S₂The values of (A) are respectively:

in the formula, C₀Is the visual contrast threshold.

4. The safety and energy-saving control method of the tunnel ventilation and illumination system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 4), the method for increasing the illumination brightness L is as follows:

collecting data of visual contrast varying with brightness under different visibility;

fitting the relation between C and L when the visibility is fixed by adopting an exponential function fitting method to obtain the following relation:

wherein visual contrast C is represented by the contrast between the marker and the background, visibility S is represented by the transmission of 100m, and parameter E_k、F_k、G_kTo fit coefficients to be determined in an equation where k corresponds to different visibility, the parameter E can be determined from the specific C, L values at the time of visibility determination_k、F_k、G_kA value of (d);

when the visibility is at a horizontal level, the illumination brightness L to L in the tunnel should be increased₁；

The following equation (2) is obtained:

in the formula, C₀Is the visual contrast threshold.

5. The safety and energy-saving control method of the tunnel ventilation and illumination system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 5), the closing time of the fan is determined by the following method:

the control center judges the current state of the fan according to the concentration and visibility of the toxic gas: when the volume concentration C (CO) of CO is more than or equal to 100cm³/m³And the visibility S is more than or equal to S₁Judging that the fan works in a half-power running state; when S is less than or equal to S₁Judging that the fan works in a full-power running state; wherein S is₁A low level visibility threshold;

when the fan is in a half-power running state, judging whether the concentration of the toxic gas meets C (CO) less than or equal to c₀(CO), controlling the fan to be closed when meeting the requirement; wherein, c₀(CO) is a set value of CO volume concentration;

when the fan is in full power running state, judge whether visibility and toxic gas concentration satisfy: visibility S is more than or equal to S₀And C (CO) is less than or equal to c₀(CO), controlling the fan to be closed when meeting the requirement; wherein S is₀The expected value of visibility in the tunnel;

and when the fan is not in a half-power running state and is not in a full-power running state, ending the current flow.

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