Application of descimidine reagent in synthesis of Ocotillol type saponin derivative key intermediate
Technical Field
The invention relates to an application of a dessamidine reagent in synthesizing an Ocotillol saponin derivative key intermediate.
Background
In tumor treatment, multidrug resistance is a problem to be solved urgently, and one of promising strategies is to find a novel P-glycoprotein inhibitor, wherein the main metabolic component of the natural product ginsenoside in the body is Ocotillol type ginsenoside. Patent CN109021058A introduces a synthesis method of an Ocotillol ginsenoside amide derivative, and in vitro cytotoxicity experiments and research on anti-drug resistance reversion capability, verapamil is used as a positive control, and the research shows that the Ocotillol ginsenoside amide derivative is a potential P-glycoprotein inhibitor and has good drug resistance reversion activity.
The latest synthetic route for the Ocotillol type saponin amide derivatives is as follows
In the above route, (24R/24S) Ocotillol ginsenoside shown in formula 1 is reacted under the oxidation of PPC to obtain (24R/24S) C-3 mono-oxidized Ocotillol ginsenoside shown in formula 2, then the obtained product is reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to obtain C-3 oximinolated Ocotillol ginsenoside, and then the obtained product is reacted with ammonium acetate and sodium cyanoborohydride to obtain C-3 aminated Ocotillol ginsenoside, a series of linear alkyl compounds and aromatic compounds, and finally the obtained product is subjected to peptide-forming condensation reaction to obtain the Ocotillol ginsenoside amide derivative.
Wherein (24R/24S) Ocotillol ginsenoside shown in formula 1 is reacted under the oxidation of PPC to obtain (20S,24R/S) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-3 beta-hydroxy-dammarane-3-ketone shown in formula 2, PCC is used as an oxidant in the reaction, the selectivity of the oxidant is poor, the highest yield of the reaction is 85% as described in patent CN109021058A, and the yield of byproducts (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-dammarane-3, 12-diketone is high and low. The catalyst is easy to form sticky with a product after reaction, is difficult to separate, can extract the product by using a solvent after being subjected to suction filtration and adsorption by using kieselguhr, and can influence the yield of the product.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the poor selectivity of the oxidant selected for selective oxidation, the easy formation of sticky and difficult separation with the product after reaction, and the need of suction filtration and adsorption with diatomite, the invention provides a new method, which selects DMP oxidant, and the like, and has good selective oxidation, safety and high efficiency, and better solubility with the product of oxidation of ocotilol type ginsenoside in a series of organic solvents. The catalyst has high selectivity and no influence on subsequent reaction, and has no influence on the activity of the final product, namely the Ocotillol type ginsenoside derivative.
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing an oxidation method which is simple to operate, mild in reaction conditions and high in selectivity and is used for preparing key intermediates of the Ocotillol type ginsenoside derivatives.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the application of descimidine reagent in the synthesis of key intermediates of Ocotillol type saponin derivatives is one of the following two methods:
(20S,24R) -epoxy dammarane-3 beta, 12 beta, 25-triol shown in formula (1-R) or (20S,24S) -epoxy dammarane-3 beta, 12 beta, 25-triol shown in formula (1-S) and a deshimaladine reagent (DMP reagent) are subjected to oxidation reaction according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-1.2 to prepare corresponding (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-3 beta-hydroxy-dammarane-3-ketone shown in formula (2-R) or (20S,24S) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-3 beta-hydroxy-dammarane-3-ketone shown in formula (2-S).
The reaction formula is shown as follows:
(II) carrying out oxidation reaction on (20S,24R) -epoxy dammarane-3 beta, 12 beta, 25-triol shown in a formula (1-R) or (20S,24S) -epoxy dammarane-3 beta, 12 beta, 25-triol shown in the formula (1-S) and a dessimutan reagent (DMP reagent) according to the mass ratio of 1: 2-3 to prepare corresponding (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-dammarane-3, 12-diketone shown in the formula (3-R) or (20S,24S) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-dammarane-3, 12-diketone shown in the formula (3-S).
The reaction formula is shown as follows
Because chiral isomers exist, R or S configuration raw materials respectively correspondingly prepare R or S configuration products, and the preparation methods of the two isomers are written together in an OR mode for convenience of description.
Specifically, in the method (I), the (20S,24R) -epoxy dammarane-3 beta, 12 beta, 25-triol shown in the formula (1-R) reacts with DMP according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-1.2 to prepare (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-3 beta-hydroxy-dammarane-3-ketone shown in the formula (2-R);
reacting (20S,24S) -epoxy dammarane-3 beta, 12 beta, 25-triol shown in formula (1-S) with DMP according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-1.2 to prepare (20S,24S) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-3 beta-hydroxy-dammarane-3-ketone shown in formula (2-S).
Specifically, in the second method, the (20S,24R) -epoxy dammarane-3 beta, 12 beta, 25-triol shown in the formula (1-R) reacts with DMP according to the mass ratio of 1: 2-3 to prepare (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-dammarane-3, 12-diketone shown in the formula (3-R); reacting (20S,24R) -epoxy dammarane-3 beta, 12 beta, 25-triol shown in formula (1-S) with DMP according to the mass ratio of 1: 2-3 to obtain (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-dammarane-3, 12-diketone shown in formula (3-S).
The reaction principle of DMP is: the first step is that hydroxyl at C-3 position of the Ocotillol type ginsenoside is replaced with one acetoxyl group of DMP, and the second step is that when the other acetoxyl group is separated, the proton of the carbon atom linked with the alcoholic hydroxyl group is transferred to the acetoxyl group, and simultaneously the hydroxyl group is oxidized into corresponding ketone, and the reaction process not only completely avoids the occurrence of transition reaction, but also has quite high chemical selectivity.
The inventor finds through a large number of experiments that the selectivity of the mono-oxidation product and the di-oxidation product can be controlled by adjusting the dosage ratio of DMP, when the dosage ratio of DMP to the raw material is 1-1.2: 1, the mono-oxidation product is generated with high selectivity, the yield is over 90%, and when the dosage ratio of DMP to the raw material is 2-3: 1, the di-oxidation product is generated with high selectivity, the yield is over 93%.
Further, it is preferable that the ratio of the amounts of the (20S,24R) -epoxy dammarane-3 β,12 β, 25-triol represented by the formula (1-R) or the (20S,24S) -epoxy dammarane-3 β,12 β, 25-triol represented by the formula (1-S) to the DMP is 1:1 to 1.1, the compound represented by the formula (2-R) is (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-3 β -hydroxy-dammarane-3-one or the compound represented by the formula (2-S) is (20S,24S) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-3 β -hydroxy-dammarane-3-one, and the yield is 94% or more.
The initial reaction temperature of the invention is controlled below 0 ℃, generally between-5 ℃ and 0 ℃, preferably between-5 ℃ and 0 ℃ for 1 to 2 hours, and then the temperature is raised to room temperature for 3 to 5 hours.
In the reaction of the invention, sodium bicarbonate is added to adjust the pH, and the mass ratio of the DMP reagent to the sodium bicarbonate is 1: 1.2-3.
In the reaction of the invention, a proper amount of tertiary butanol is added to promote the oxidation reaction and is used as a cosolvent of an oxidant. The volume of the tert-butyl alcohol is generally 0.2-1 mL/mmol based on the amount of the substance of the dessimutan reagent (DMP).
The reaction of the invention adopts dichloromethane as solvent. The volume usage amount of the dichloromethane is generally 8-15 mL/mmol, preferably 10-15 mL/mmol, based on the amount of (20S,24R) -epoxy dammarane-3 beta, 12 beta, 25-triol represented by formula (1-R) or (20S,24S) -epoxy dammarane-3 beta, 12 beta, 25-triol represented by formula (1-S).
Specifically, the method of the present invention is preferably operated by the following steps:
the application method (I): feeding (20S,24R) -epoxy dammarane-3 beta, 12 beta, 25-triol shown in a formula (1-R) or (20S,24S) -epoxy dammarane-3 beta, 12 beta, 25-triol shown in a formula (1-S) and an oxidant desimadine reagent (DMP reagent) according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-1.2, reacting for 1 hour in an ice bath at-5-0 ℃ by taking dichloromethane as a solvent under the action of sodium bicarbonate and tert-butyl alcohol at normal temperature for 3-5 hours, and after the TLC detection reaction is completed, carrying out post-treatment on the reaction solution to correspondingly prepare (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-3 beta-hydroxy-dammarane-3-ketone shown in a formula (2-R) or (20S shown in a formula (2-S), 24S) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-3 β -hydroxy-dammaran-3-one.
The application method (II): feeding (20S,24R) -epoxy dammarane-3 beta, 12 beta, 25-triol shown in a formula (1-R) or (20S,24S) -epoxy dammarane-3 beta, 12 beta, 25-triol shown in a formula (1-S) and an oxidant desimadine reagent (DMP reagent) according to the mass ratio of 1: 2-3, reacting for 1 hour at the temperature of-5-0 ℃ in an ice bath by using dichloromethane as a solvent under the action of sodium bicarbonate and tert-butyl alcohol, reacting for 3-5 hours at normal temperature, performing TLC detection reaction completely, and performing post-treatment on a reaction solution to correspondingly prepare (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-dammarane-3, 12-diketone shown in a formula (3-R) or (20S,24S) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-dammarane-3 shown in a formula (3-S), 12-diketones.
The reaction solution post-treatment steps of the invention are as follows: adding saturated sodium bicarbonate and sodium sulfite aqueous solution into the reaction solution to adjust the pH, extracting with ethyl acetate, washing the organic phase with sodium bicarbonate and saturated saline solution respectively, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtering, concentrating, separating by silica gel column chromatography, and eluting to obtain the target product.
The objective product was washed with an aqueous sodium sulfite solution in order to remove acetic acid and iodine as by-products.
The (20S,24S) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-dammarane-3, 12-dione shown in formula (3-R) or (20S,24S) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-dammarane-3, 12-dione shown in formula (3-S) prepared by the invention is a new compound, and can be used for continuously synthesizing a new Ocotillol type esterified derivative in the following process, and has anti-inflammatory activity. The method comprises the following specific steps: selectively reducing the (20S,24S) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-dammarane-3, 12-diketone shown in the formula (3-R) or the (20S,24S) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-dammarane-3, 12-diketone shown in the formula (3-S) with sodium borohydride to selectively reduce the carbonyl at the 3-position into hydroxy, and respectively and correspondingly preparing (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-3 beta-hydroxy-dammarane-12-ketone shown in the formula (4-R) or (20S,24S) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-3 beta-hydroxy-dammarane-12-ketone shown in the formula (4-S); then carrying out esterification reaction with amino acid derivatives shown in formula (7) to respectively and correspondingly prepare the protection group-containing Ocotillol type esterified derivatives shown in formula (5-R) or formula (5-S). The protection group-containing Ocotillol esterified derivative represented by the formula (5-R) or (5-S) is subjected to deprotection reaction to obtain the Ocotillol esterified derivative represented by the formula (6-R) or (6-S). The protection group-containing Ocotillol esterified derivative shown in the formula (5-R) or the formula (5-S) and the Ocotillol esterified derivative shown in the formula (6-R) or the formula (6-S) have anti-inflammatory activity, can be used for preparing anti-inflammatory drugs or anti-inflammatory drug compositions, and further can be used for preparing drugs or drug compositions for treating and preventing diseases related to acute lung injury, sepsis and the like.
Wherein R is1Is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, p-hydroxybenzyl, -RaCOORb、-RaORb、-RaNHRcor-RaSRd;R2Is tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc), fluorenyl-methoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) or benzyl (Bn); r3Is H or C1-C4 alkyl; or R1、R3Connecting with N to form a ring to form N-tetrahydropyrrole;
R1in, RaIs C1-C4 alkylene; rbH, Bn or tBu; rcH, Boc or Fmoc; rdIs H or methyl;
preferably R1Is hydrogen, isopropyl, benzyl, - (CH)2)2-COOH、-CH2-COOH、-(CH2)2-COO-tBu or-CH2-COO-tBu;
Preferably R2Is Boc; preferably R3Is H.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
DMP is adopted as an oxidant, so that the selectivity is high, the yield is good, the mono-oxidation product can be prepared with high selectivity under the condition of low dosage, the yield is up to 96%, and the di-oxidation product can be prepared with high selectivity under the condition of high dosage, and the yield is up to more than 90%.
And the oxidant and the product after the reaction do not produce sticky substances, the post-treatment operation is simple, acid by-products generated by oxidation can be removed through washing and the like, the separation is easier, and the product loss is reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
Taking a compound (20S,24R) -epoxy dammarane-3 beta, 12 beta, 25-triol (50mg, 0.10mmol) and sodium bicarbonate (16mg, 0.20mmol) in a 25mL eggplant-shaped bottle, adding a rotor, adding 1mL of dichloromethane, stirring and dissolving, adding dessimidine (DMP, 53mg, 0.12mmol) in ice bath at 0 ℃, adding 30 mu L of tert-butyl alcohol to accelerate the dissolution of DMP, reacting for 1 hour, removing the ice bath, and reacting for 4 hours at normal temperature. After confirming completion of the reaction by TLC, saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and sodium sulfite solution were added to the reaction system to adjust pH and stirred for half an hour. The organic phase was washed with 20mL of sodium bicarbonate and 20mL of saturated saline solution, and then combined into a flask, and the flask was filled with anhydrous sodium sulfate, dried, left for 20 minutes, filtered, and concentrated. Separating by using a 200-300-mesh silica gel column, wherein the used eluent sequentially comprises petroleum ether: ethyl acetate 10:1 → 8:1 → 6:1 → 5:1, and elution gave 45mg of (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-3 β -hydroxy-dammarane-3-one in 90% yield and 4mg of by-product (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-dammarane-3, 12-dione in 9% yield.
Example 2
Taking the compound (20S,24S) -epoxy dammarane-3 beta, 12 beta, 25-triol (513mg, 1.1mmol) and sodium bicarbonate (231mg, 2.75mmol) to a 25mL eggplant-shaped bottle, adding a rotor, adding 11mL of dichloromethane, stirring and dissolving, adding dessimutane (DMP, 548mg, 1.2mmol) at 0 ℃ in an ice bath, adding 300 mu L of tert-butyl alcohol to accelerate the dissolution of the DMP, reacting for 1 hour, removing the ice bath, and reacting for 4 hours at normal temperature. After confirming completion of the reaction by TLC, saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and sodium sulfite solution were added to the reaction system to adjust pH and stirred for half an hour. The organic phase was washed with 50mL of sodium bicarbonate and 50mL of saturated saline solution, respectively, and then combined into a flask, the flask bottom was covered with anhydrous sodium sulfate, dried, left for 20 minutes, filtered, and concentrated. Separating by using a 200-300-mesh silica gel column, wherein the used eluent sequentially comprises petroleum ether: after elution with ethyl acetate 10:1 → 8:1 → 6:1 → 5:1, (20S,24S) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-3 β -hydroxy-dammarane-3-one was obtained in 482mg, yield 95%, and by-product (20S,24S) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-dammarane-3, 12-dione in 12mg, yield 2%.
Example 3
Taking a compound (20S,24R) -epoxy dammarane-3 beta, 12 beta, 25-triol (722mg, 1.5mmol) and sodium bicarbonate (327mg, 3.9mmol) to be placed in a 50mL eggplant-shaped bottle, adding a rotor, adding 16mL of dichloromethane, stirring and dissolving, adding dessimidine (DMP, 771mg, 1.6mmol) to be added with 800 mu L of tert-butyl alcohol to accelerate the dissolution of the DMP at the temperature of 0 ℃ under ice bath, reacting for 1 hour, removing the ice bath, and reacting for 4 hours at normal temperature. After confirming completion of the reaction by TLC, saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and sodium sulfite solution were added to the reaction system to adjust pH and stirred for half an hour. The organic phase was washed with 100mL of sodium bicarbonate and 100mL of saturated saline solution, and then combined into a flask, and the flask was filled with anhydrous sodium sulfate, dried, left for 20 minutes, filtered, and concentrated. Separating by using a 200-300-mesh silica gel column, wherein the used eluent sequentially comprises petroleum ether: the ethyl acetate eluted (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-3 β -hydroxy-dammarane-3-one in 96% yield and (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-dammarane-3, 12-dione in 3% yield (10: 1 → 8:1 → 6:1 → 5: 1).
Example 4
Taking the compound (20S,24R) -epoxy dammarane-3 beta, 12 beta, 25-triol (73mg,0.15mmol) and sodium bicarbonate (77mg, 0.91mmol) to a 25mL eggplant-shaped bottle, adding a rotor, adding 1.5mL of dichloromethane, stirring and dissolving, adding dessimutane (DMP, 162mg, 0.34mmol) at 0 ℃ in an ice bath, adding 200 mu L of tert-butyl alcohol to accelerate the dissolution of the DMP, and removing the ice bath after reacting for 1 hour and reacting at normal temperature. Completion of the reaction was confirmed by TLC after 4 hours of reaction. Saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and sodium sulfite solution were added to the reaction system to adjust the pH and stirred for half an hour. Extracting with 90mL ethyl acetate for three times, washing the organic phase with 30mL sodium bicarbonate and 30mL saturated saline solution respectively, mixing to the conical flask, spreading anhydrous sodium sulfate on the bottom of the conical flask for drying, standing for 20 min, filtering, and concentrating. Separating by using a 200-300-mesh silica gel column, wherein the used eluent sequentially comprises petroleum ether: elution with ethyl acetate (10: 1 → 6:1 → 4:1 → 2: 1) gave 66mg of (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-dammarane-3, 12-dione in 93% yield.
The various amounts of DMP reagent and product yields are shown in table 1 below:
table 1:
comparative example 1
Dissolving the compound (20S,24R) -epoxy dammarane-3 beta, 12 beta, 25-triol (821mg, 1.72mmol) in dichloromethane (20mL), adding PCC (pyridinium chlorochromate, 389mg, 1.80mmol) on an ice bath, slowly raising the temperature to room temperature and stirring for 15 hours, then completely reacting, carrying out post-treatment, filtering and concentrating in a funnel by using cotton, carrying out suction filtration and adsorption concentration again by using kieselguhr, removing viscous PCC, and washing the sample by using dichloromethane for multiple times. Column chromatography gave (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-3 β -hydroxy-dammarane-3-one (689mg, 1.45mmol, 84% yield), and by-product (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-dammarane-3, 12-dione (70mg, 0.14mmol, 8.1% yield).
The comparative example shows that the post-treatment of the PCC after the reaction is troublesome, the viscous PCC needs to be removed by suction filtration and adsorption of diatomite, the reaction selectivity is not high, and the yield of the target product is low.
The applicant also studied the reaction for preparing the double oxidation product by oxidizing PCC, and found that the selectivity is very poor, and under the condition that the dosage of PCC is increased by 6 times, the yield of the double oxidation product is only about 60%, and a large amount of by-products which are not completely oxidized are generated, so that the practicability is not achieved.
Example 5
Example of use of (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-3-one-dammaran-12-one prepared in example 4
(20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-dammarane-3, 12-dione (214mg, 0.45mmol), sodium borohydride (34mg, 0.91mmol) was dissolved in isopropanol (6.5mL) and stirred at room temperature for 24 h. Quenching reaction with water, extracting with dichloromethane, drying the organic phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtering, concentrating, and performing column chromatography to obtain (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-3 beta-hydroxy-dammarane-12-one (180mg, 0.38mmol, 83.7% yield)
(20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-3 β -hydroxy-dammaran-12-one (33mg, 0.07mmol), N-Boc-2-valine (27mg, 0.08 mmol 1) and 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI, 40mg, 0.21mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous dichloromethane (0.6mL), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP, 3mg, 0.03mmol) was added under argon protection in an ice bath and slowly warmed to room temperature and stirred for 24 h. Quenching the reaction with water, extracting with dichloromethane, drying the combined organic phases over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrating, and performing column chromatography to give (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-3 β -O- (N-Boc-valyl) -dammaran-12-one (28mg, 0.04mmol, 57% yield)
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum:1H NMR(400MHz,CHCl3)δ4.98(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.49(dd,J=11.3,4.9Hz,1H),4.19(dd,J=9.2,4.1Hz,1H),3.67(dd,J=8.7,6.1Hz,1H),2.87(d,J=9.5Hz,1H),2.54(td,J=10.7,4.5Hz,1H),2.18(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),1.86-1.46(m,19H),1.42(s,9H),1.23(s,3H),1.18(d,J=3.9Hz,6H),1.08(d,J=1.6Hz,6H),0.96(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.93(s,3H),0.87(s,3H),0.85(s,3H),0.74(s,3H).
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced NO release levels in RAW264.7 cells were measured using Griess reagent. RAW264.7 cells were treated with 1X106Individual cells/well were seeded in 96-well plates and cultured for 1 hour; then LPS (1ug/mL) is used for stimulating and molding, and after the cells are treated by derivatives with 20uM concentration and positive drugs (hydrocortisone sodium succinate) for 24 hours, the amount of NO generated is determined by detecting the nitrite level by using Griess reagent (Beyotime, China); the absorbance of the sample at 540nm (OD540) was then measured in a microplate reader (spectra maxm 3); wherein the blank group is LPS-free and drug-treated group; the control group is a LPS-stimulated molding group but no compound treatment group;
NO inhibition ═ 100% for [ control (OD540) -compound (OD540) ]/[ control (OD540) -blank (OD540) ];
the NO inhibition rate of (20S,24R) -epoxy-25-hydroxy-3 beta-O- (N-Boc-valyl ester) -dammarane-12 ketone is 41%, compared with the control group, P is less than 0.001, and the inhibition rate of the positive drug group is improved by 4 times by 10%.