CN111693157B - Time-frequency multiplexing-based large pump bandwidth ultrafast pulse time domain measurement method and system - Google Patents
Time-frequency multiplexing-based large pump bandwidth ultrafast pulse time domain measurement method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111693157B CN111693157B CN202010481015.XA CN202010481015A CN111693157B CN 111693157 B CN111693157 B CN 111693157B CN 202010481015 A CN202010481015 A CN 202010481015A CN 111693157 B CN111693157 B CN 111693157B
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J11/00—Measuring the characteristics of individual optical pulses or of optical pulse trains
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2889—Rapid scan spectrometers; Time resolved spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
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Abstract
The invention discloses a time-frequency multiplexing-based method and a time-frequency multiplexing-based system for measuring a large pump bandwidth ultrafast pulse time domain, wherein the method comprises the following steps: pump pulse signal light with large spectral bandwidth and repetition frequency f is subjected to frequency reduction, the repetition frequency is changed into f/N, pump light is obtained after pump end dispersion, and time-frequency multiplexing pump light with the repetition frequency f is generated after spectral light splitting, time delay and optical beam combination; the signal light to be detected is subjected to input end dispersion to obtain detection light; the time-frequency multiplexing pump light and the detection light are combined to enter a nonlinear medium, and the pump light applies periodic secondary phase modulation on a time domain to the detection light through a nonlinear parameter process to obtain time-frequency multiplexing idler frequency light; after the idler frequency light of time-frequency multiplexing is filtered out, a time domain amplified signal is obtained through output end dispersion; complete time domain information of the pulse to be measured is obtained through high-speed data acquisition and signal reconstruction processing, and real-time domain measurement of the large-bandwidth ultrafast pulse is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ultrafast signal measurement, in particular to a time-frequency multiplexing-based method and a time-frequency multiplexing-based system for measuring a large pumping bandwidth ultrafast pulse time domain.
Background
With the further reduction of the laser pulse duration, researchers are constantly exploring ultrafast pulse measurement techniques such as an autocorrelation technique, a dispersion fourier transform technique, a time lens technique, a frequency-resolved optical switching technique, a spectral phase coherent direct electric field reconstruction method and the like to analyze important information such as a time domain, a frequency domain, a phase and the like of ultrafast pulses.
The time lens technology amplifies the ultrafast pulse in the time domain by analogy with a spatial lens system, avoids the problem of insufficient sampling rate of the existing electronic equipment, realizes the real-time domain measurement of the ultrafast pulse, has the advantages of good real-time performance, high time domain resolution and the like, and is popular with researchers (IEEE J. Quantum electric.30, 1951-1963 (1994)). However, due to the limitation of dispersion flatness, the nonlinear parametric process has only a measurement bandwidth of about 20nm, limiting the pump bandwidth.
Therefore, the method and the system for measuring the ultrafast pulse with the large pumping bandwidth in real time based on time-frequency multiplexing provide an effective solution for measuring the ultrafast pulse with the large spectral bandwidth.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the bandwidth limitation caused by dispersion flatness is broken through on the basis of the traditional technology by the method and the system for realizing the time domain measurement of the ultrafast pulse with the large pumping bandwidth based on time-frequency multiplexing.
The invention is realized by at least one of the following technical schemes.
The time domain measurement method of the ultrafast pulse with the large pumping bandwidth based on the time frequency multiplexing mainly comprises the following steps:
A. a signal light pulse to be detected with the repetition frequency f passes through the input end dispersion component to form detection light;
B. the method comprises the following steps that pulsed light with repetition frequency f and large spectral bandwidth delta lambda is produced by a laser, sampling is carried out through an amplitude modulator, the repetition frequency is reduced from f to f/N, and N is a positive integer;
C. a pulse light source with the repetition frequency of f/N forms pump light through a pump end dispersion component, and the pump light is divided into N paths on a frequency domain through light splitting of a spectrum light splitting component, wherein each path comprises different delta lambda/N spectrum component signals;
D. one path of the spectrum component signal is not subjected to time delay, and the other N-1 paths of the spectrum component signals are subjected to different time delays, and then the branches are combined to generate time-frequency multiplexing pump light with repetition frequency f;
E. the time-frequency multiplexing pump light and the detection light are combined into a high nonlinear medium through an optical combining component, and the pump light applies periodic secondary phase modulation on a time domain to the detection light through a nonlinear parameter process to obtain time-frequency multiplexing idler frequency light;
F. after the idler frequency light of time-frequency multiplexing is filtered by an optical filter, a time domain amplified signal is obtained through an output end dispersion component;
G. the time domain amplification signal is reconstructed and processed by the data acquisition and processing part to obtain complete time domain information of the pulse to be measured, and real-time domain measurement of the large-bandwidth ultrafast pulse is realized.
Further, the large spectral bandwidth is Δ λ > 20nm, then N ═ is rounded up [ (Δ λ/20).
The system for realizing the time domain measurement method of the large pumping bandwidth ultrafast pulse based on time-frequency multiplexing comprises an input end dispersion component, a laser, an amplitude modulator, a signal generator, a pumping end dispersion component, a spectrum splitting component, n time delay components, an optical beam combining component, a high nonlinear medium, an optical filter, an output end dispersion component and a data acquisition and processing component;
the laser, the amplitude modulator, the pump end dispersion component, the spectrum splitting component, the time delay component, the optical beam combination component, the high nonlinear medium, the optical filter, the output end dispersion component and the data acquisition and processing component are sequentially connected;
the signal to be detected is input into the optical beam combining component through the input end dispersion component, and the input end dispersion component applies dispersion to the signal to be detected to form detection light;
the laser generates an ultrashort pulse sequence pulse light source with a large spectral bandwidth as a pumping pulse;
the amplitude modulator is used for sampling the pulse to be detected and realizing frequency reduction processing;
the signal generator is connected with the amplitude modulator and is used for generating a modulation signal for the amplitude modulator;
the pump end dispersion component applies dispersion to the pump pulse to form pump light;
the spectrum light splitting component comprises a plurality of wavelength division multiplexers and is used for dividing the pump light into N paths of signals, wherein one path of signals is not delayed by the time delay component, and N output ends of the plurality of wavelength division multiplexers are connected with the N time delay components in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the time delay component is used for generating specific time delay for the signal;
the optical beam combining component is used for combining the multi-channel signals;
the high nonlinear medium provides a nonlinear medium for a nonlinear parametric process between the probe light and the pump light;
the optical filter filters out the idler frequency light generated in the nonlinear parametric process;
the output end dispersion component compresses the idler frequency light to obtain the time domain amplification signal;
the data acquisition and processing part comprises a high-speed photoelectric detector, a high-speed sampling device and a processing terminal, and is used for performing real-time data acquisition and signal reconstruction processing on the idler frequency light and obtaining complete time domain information of the signal to be detected by combining time domain amplification factor analysis.
Further, the optical beam combining component is an optical fiber coupler.
Further, the high nonlinear medium is a high nonlinear optical fiber.
Furthermore, the input end dispersive component, the pumping end dispersive component and the output end dispersive component are dispersive optical fibers.
Further, for any value of N, the time delay components share N-1, and the nth time delay component enables the shunt pulse to generate the time delay of N/f.
Further, the processing terminal is a computer device.
The system of the invention includes but is not limited to the application in the fields of ultra-fast measurement and ultra-fast imaging.
The invention ensures that the pump light with different wavelength ranges respectively generates nonlinear action with the signal light to be measured by utilizing a time-frequency multiplexing method, thereby ensuring the measurement bandwidth and the real-time property of the system and realizing the real-time measurement of the large-bandwidth ultrafast pulse time domain.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the system breaks through the limitation of dispersion flatness in the traditional time domain measurement method, improves the pumping bandwidth of which the original nonlinear parameter process is only about 20nm, and realizes the time domain real-time measurement of the large pumping bandwidth.
2. The system of the invention provides a feasible scheme for the ultrafast pulse time domain real-time measurement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a large pump bandwidth ultrafast pulse real-time domain measurement system based on time-frequency multiplexing according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a time domain schematic diagram of a pump optical time-frequency multiplexing process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a frequency domain diagram of the pump optical time-frequency multiplexing process in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
The time domain measurement method of the ultrafast pulse with the large pumping bandwidth based on the time frequency multiplexing comprises the following steps:
A. a signal light pulse to be detected with the repetition frequency f passes through the input end dispersion component 1 to form detection light;
B. the laser 2 produces a pulse light source with repetition frequency f, the pulse light source is pulse light with large spectral bandwidth delta lambda, sampling is carried out through the amplitude modulator 3, the repetition frequency is reduced from f to f/N, and N is a positive integer;
C. a pulse light source with the repetition frequency of f/N forms pump light through a pump end dispersion component 5, and the pump light is divided into N paths on a frequency domain through a spectrum splitting component 6, wherein each path comprises different delta lambda/N spectrum component signals;
D. one path of the spectrum component signal is not subjected to time delay, and the other N-1 paths of the spectrum component signals are subjected to different time delays, and then the branches are combined to generate time-frequency multiplexing pump light with repetition frequency f;
E. the time-frequency multiplexing pump light and the detection light are combined into a high nonlinear medium 10 through an optical combining component 9, and the pump light applies periodic secondary phase modulation on a time domain to the detection light through a nonlinear parameter process to obtain time-frequency multiplexing idler light;
F. after the idler frequency light of time-frequency multiplexing is filtered by the optical filter 11, a time domain amplified signal is obtained through the output end dispersion component 12;
G. the time domain amplified signal is reconstructed and processed by the data acquisition and processing part 13 to obtain complete time domain information of the pulse to be measured, so that real-time domain measurement of the large-bandwidth ultrafast pulse is realized.
In a specific embodiment, the repetition frequency f of the signal to be measured is 30MHz, the repetition frequency of the pump light pulse generated by the pulsed light source is also 30MHz, the spectral width is Δ λ 60nm, and N [ (Δ λ/20) is rounded up ] ═ 3, then the signal generator generates a square wave signal with the frequency f/3 ═ 10MHz, and the repetition frequency of the signal to be measured is reduced from 30MHz to 10MHz by the amplitude modulator.
Fig. 1 shows a system for implementing a time-frequency multiplexing-based large pump bandwidth ultrafast pulse time domain measurement method, which includes an input end dispersion component 1, a laser 2, an amplitude modulator 3, a signal generator 4, a pump end dispersion component 5, a spectrum splitting component 6, a first time delay component 7, a second time delay component 8, an optical beam combining component 9, a high nonlinear medium 10, an optical filter 11, an output end dispersion component 12, and a data acquisition and processing component 13;
the data acquisition and processing part 13 comprises a high-speed photoelectric detector, a high-speed sampling device and a processing terminal, performs real-time data acquisition and signal reconstruction processing on the idler frequency light, obtains complete time domain information of the signal to be detected by combining time domain amplification factor analysis, and the high-speed photoelectric detector, the high-speed sampling device and the processing terminal are connected in sequence.
The input end dispersion component 1, the optical beam combining component 9, the high nonlinear medium 10, the optical filter 11, the output end dispersion component 2 and the high-speed photoelectric detector are connected in sequence; the laser 2, the amplitude modulator 3, the pumping end dispersion component 5, the spectrum splitting component 6, the first time delay component 7 and the optical beam combining component 9 are connected in sequence; the signal generator 4 is connected with the amplitude modulator 3 to generate a modulation signal for the amplitude modulator 3; the spectrum beam splitting component 6, the second time delay component 8 and the optical beam combining component 9 are connected in sequence.
The optical beam combining component 9 is an optical fiber coupler; the high nonlinear medium 10 is a high nonlinear optical fiber, and the input end dispersion component 1, the pump end dispersion component 5 and the output end dispersion component 12 are dispersion optical fibers. The delay element is an optical fiber. The spectrum light splitting component 6 comprises 2 wavelength division multiplexers and is used for splitting the pump light into 3 paths of signals, wherein one path of signals is not delayed by the time delay component, and 2 output ends formed by the 2 wavelength division multiplexers are connected with 2 time delay components (a first time delay component 7 and a second time delay component 8) in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
As shown in the drawings, fig. 2 is a time domain schematic diagram of a pump light time-frequency multiplexing process, fig. 3 is a frequency domain schematic diagram of the pump light time-frequency multiplexing process, and λ in fig. 3 represents a wavelength.
The pulse light after frequency reduction forms pump light through a pump end dispersion component 5, and then the pump light is divided into three paths of a, b and c on the frequency domain through a spectrum splitting component 6, wherein each path comprises different spectrum components with the length of delta lambda/3 being 20 nm. The first time delay component 7 and the second time delay component 8 are both optical fibers, the first time delay component 7 makes the pulse signal of the path b generate 1/f time delay, the second time delay component 8 makes the pulse signal of the path c generate 2/f time delay, and the path a signal does not perform time delay. The optical beam combining component 9 is an optical fiber coupler, and combines the signals a, b, and c to obtain the time-frequency multiplexing pump light with the repetition frequency f.
The high nonlinear medium is a high nonlinear optical fiber, and the time-frequency multiplexing pump light enables different spectral components of the pump light to be sequentially subjected to four-wave frequency mixing with a signal pulse to be detected in the high nonlinear component to generate time-frequency multiplexing idler frequency light.
The input end dispersion component 1, the pumping end dispersion component 5 and the output end dispersion component 12 are dispersion optical fibers, and the dispersion amount D of the input end dispersion optical fiberinThe dispersion D of the pump end dispersion fiberfThe dispersion amount D of the output end dispersion optical fiberoutThe following imaging relation is satisfied:
according to the space-time duality, the relation between the idler frequency light and the signal light to be measured can be deduced:
wherein t represents time, and M is the amplification factor of the time-domain amplified signal:
the optical filter 12 filters out idler frequency light, filters out probe light and pump light, passes through the output end dispersion component 13, finally obtains a complete time domain amplified signal of the signal to be measured, and obtains time domain information of the signal to be measured by combining the time domain amplification factor M through the data acquisition and processing component 14, thereby realizing real-time domain measurement of the ultrafast pulse with large spectral bandwidth.
The above embodiment is one of the embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiment and the test examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be regarded as equivalent substitutions and are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The time domain measurement method of the ultrafast pulse with the large pumping bandwidth based on the time frequency multiplexing is characterized in that: the method mainly comprises the following steps:
A. a signal light pulse to be detected with the repetition frequency f passes through the input end dispersion component to form detection light;
B. the method comprises the following steps that pulsed light with repetition frequency f and large spectral bandwidth delta lambda is produced by a laser, sampling is carried out through an amplitude modulator, the repetition frequency is reduced from f to f/N, and N is a positive integer;
C. a pulse light source with the repetition frequency of f/N forms pump light through a pump end dispersion component, and the pump light is divided into N paths on a frequency domain through light splitting of a spectrum light splitting component, wherein each path comprises different delta lambda/N spectrum component signals;
D. one path of the spectrum component signal is not subjected to time delay, and the other N-1 paths of the spectrum component signals are subjected to different time delays, and then the N paths of the spectrum component signals are combined to generate time-frequency multiplexing pump light with the repetition frequency f;
E. the time-frequency multiplexing pump light and the detection light are combined into a high nonlinear medium through an optical combining component, and the pump light applies periodic secondary phase modulation on a time domain to the detection light through a nonlinear parameter process to obtain time-frequency multiplexing idler frequency light;
F. after the idler frequency light of time-frequency multiplexing is filtered by an optical filter, a time domain amplified signal is obtained through an output end dispersion component;
G. the time domain amplification signal is reconstructed and processed by the data acquisition and processing part to obtain complete time domain information of the pulse to be measured, and real-time domain measurement of the large-bandwidth ultrafast pulse is realized.
2. The time-frequency multiplexing-based time domain measurement method for the ultrafast pulse with the large pump bandwidth according to claim 1, wherein: the large spectral bandwidth is Δ λ > 20nm, then N ═ is rounded up [ (Δ λ/20).
3. The system for realizing the time-frequency multiplexing-based time domain measurement method of the ultrafast pulse with the large pump bandwidth in claim 1 is characterized in that: the optical fiber laser comprises an input end dispersion component, a laser, an amplitude modulator, a signal generator, a pumping end dispersion component, a spectrum splitting component, n time delay components, an optical beam combining component, a high nonlinear medium, an optical filter, an output end dispersion component and a data acquisition and processing component;
the laser, the amplitude modulator, the pump end dispersion component, the spectrum splitting component, the time delay component, the optical beam combination component, the high nonlinear medium, the optical filter, the output end dispersion component and the data acquisition and processing component are sequentially connected;
the signal to be detected is input into the optical beam combining component through the input end dispersion component, and the input end dispersion component applies dispersion to the signal to be detected to form detection light;
the laser generates an ultrashort pulse sequence pulse light source with a large spectral bandwidth as a pumping pulse;
the amplitude modulator is used for sampling the pulse to be detected and realizing frequency reduction processing;
the signal generator is connected with the amplitude modulator and is used for generating a modulation signal for the amplitude modulator;
the pump end dispersion component applies dispersion to the pump pulse to form pump light;
the spectrum light splitting component comprises a plurality of wavelength division multiplexers and is used for dividing the pump light into N paths of signals, wherein one path of signals is not delayed by the time delay component, and N output ends of the plurality of wavelength division multiplexers are connected with the N time delay components in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the time delay component is used for generating specific time delay for the signal;
the optical beam combining component is used for combining the multi-channel signals;
the high nonlinear medium provides a nonlinear medium for a nonlinear parametric process between the probe light and the pump light;
the optical filter filters out the idler frequency light generated in the nonlinear parametric process;
the output end dispersion component compresses the idler frequency light to obtain the time domain amplification signal;
the data acquisition and processing part comprises a high-speed photoelectric detector, a high-speed sampling device and a processing terminal, and is used for performing real-time data acquisition and signal reconstruction processing on the idler frequency light and obtaining complete time domain information of the signal to be detected by combining time domain amplification factor analysis.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein: the optical beam combining component is an optical fiber coupler.
5. The system of claim 3, wherein: the high nonlinear medium is a high nonlinear optical fiber.
6. The system of claim 3, wherein: the input end dispersion component, the pumping end dispersion component and the output end dispersion component are dispersion optical fibers.
7. The system of claim 3, wherein: for any value of N, the time delay components are N-1 in total, and the nth time delay component enables the shunt pulse to generate N/f time delay.
8. The system of claim 3, wherein: the processing terminal is computer equipment.
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