CN111689497B - Energy-saving activation and regeneration system for hazardous waste carbon that can inhibit dioxin generation - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a can restrain energy-conserving activation regeneration system of dangerous useless charcoal that dioxin produced, including useless charcoal regeneration unit, tail gas treatment unit includes the buffer tank, two combustion chambers, exhaust-heat boiler, denitration unit, two combustion chambers include outer furnace body, interior furnace body coaxial suit is in outer furnace body, interior furnace body inner wall and the inner wall of outer furnace body form annular preheating chamber, the export of buffer tank is through the pipeline and the bottom intercommunication of interior furnace body, annular preheating chamber between the outer furnace body, exhaust-heat boiler's entry is through the pipeline and the bottom intercommunication of interior furnace body inner chamber, denitration unit includes the urea agitator tank, the circulating pump, the urea solution storage tank, the metering pump, urea atomizing nozzle is in order to spray the furnace of exhaust-heat boiler with urea solution after the atomizing, organic matter in the tail gas is sent into two combustion chambers and is fully burnt and is formed the flue gas, flue gas temperature reaches 1200 ℃, flue gas dwell time is greater than 2s, can restrain the production of dioxin class material.

Description

Energy-saving activation and regeneration system for hazardous waste carbon that can inhibit dioxin generation

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of harmless treatment equipment for solid wastes, and in particular to an energy-saving activation and regeneration system for hazardous waste carbon capable of inhibiting the generation of dioxins.

Background technique

Activated carbon is a good carbon-based adsorption material and an industrial adsorbent with a wide range of uses. Activated carbon will lose its activity as the amount of adsorption increases, and it becomes a hazardous waste because it contains harmful components. The regeneration of activated carbon refers to the use of physical, chemical or biochemical methods to treat the carbon that has lost its activity after adsorption, and restore its adsorption performance to achieve the purpose of reuse. Activated carbon regeneration methods include thermal regeneration, chemical regeneration, biological regeneration, and emerging supercritical fluid regeneration, electrochemical regeneration, photocatalytic regeneration, and microwave radiation heating. The heating regeneration process uses the characteristic that the adsorbate in the adsorbed hazardous waste carbon can be desorbed from the activated carbon pores at high temperature to open the originally blocked pores of the activated carbon and restore its adsorption performance. Heating regeneration is universal because it can decompose a variety of adsorbates, and the regeneration is thorough, and it has always been the mainstream of the regeneration method. There are many forms of heating regeneration devices. At present, the main ones used in China are rotary kilns, boiling furnaces, and fluidized beds. Regardless of the form of heating regeneration device used, drying is required in the early stage. Usually, the activated carbon to be regenerated is a filter cake and paste material with high water content of various particle sizes. Drying equipment for this type of material has not been found in China. For the activation process, the use of a rotary kiln requires the use of primary energy or high-grade energy such as electricity as heating energy, which has high energy consumption. The use of a boiling furnace or a fluidized bed, the existing gas-solid separation device is a bag filter. Since the bag filter is not resistant to high temperatures, the regenerated activated carbon needs to be cooled before gas-solid separation can be performed, and the energy consumption is also high. The tail gas generated during the activated carbon regeneration process contains many harmful substances, among which dioxin is a highly toxic pollutant. Dioxin has a high melting point, no polarity, is difficult to dissolve in water, remains stable in strong acids and alkalis, and can exist in the environment for a long time. With the increase in the degree of chlorination, the solubility and volatility of PCDD/Fs decrease. Microbial degradation, hydrolysis and photolysis in the natural environment have little effect on the molecular structure of dioxins. Therefore, the harmless treatment of dioxins in exhaust gas has become a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently in activated carbon regeneration technology.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, in order to address the above-mentioned shortcomings, it is necessary to propose an energy-saving activation and regeneration system for hazardous waste carbon with low energy consumption and the ability to inhibit the generation of dioxins.

A hazardous waste carbon energy-saving activation regeneration system capable of inhibiting the generation of dioxins, comprising a waste carbon regeneration unit and an exhaust gas treatment unit, wherein the waste carbon regeneration unit comprises a flash dryer, a cyclone dust collector, a second metal membrane bag filter, a dynamic regeneration furnace, a first metal membrane bag filter, and a negative pressure fan, wherein the flash dryer comprises a flash dryer body and an air inlet distributor, wherein a solid phase inlet is arranged on the ring wall of the flash dryer body, a gas phase outlet is arranged on the top of the flash dryer body, an air inlet distributor is sleeved on the outer bottom of the flash dryer body, the air inlet distributor is a hollow ring body, a gas phase inlet is arranged on the outer ring wall of the air inlet distributor, an air outlet is arranged on the inner ring wall of the air inlet distributor, a plurality of slits are arranged on the side wall of the flash dryer body, the slits are evenly distributed along the circumference of the flash dryer body, and the outlet of the slits is arranged on the inner ring wall of the air inlet distributor. The mouth is connected to the inner cavity of the flash drying body, the outlet of the slit is along the tangent direction of the flash drying body, the inlet of the slit is connected to the air outlet of the air inlet distributor, the gas phase outlet of the flash drying body is connected to the gas phase inlet on the side of the cyclone dust collector, the gas phase outlet at the top of the cyclone dust collector is connected to the gas phase inlet on the side of the second metal membrane bag filter, the inlet of the negative pressure fan is connected to the gas phase outlet on the top of the second metal membrane bag filter, the dynamic regeneration furnace is a "door" shaped hollow cylinder, the dynamic regeneration furnace includes a carbonization section, a connecting section, and an activation section, the solid phase outlet at the bottom of the cyclone dust collector is connected to the solid phase inlet on the side of the carbonization section, the solid phase outlet at the bottom of the second metal membrane bag filter is connected to the solid phase inlet on the side of the carbonization section, and a gas phase inlet is provided at the lower part of the carbonization section. The gas phase outlet at the top of the carbonization section is connected to one end of the connecting section, and the other end of the connecting section is connected to the gas phase inlet at the top of the activation section. The gas phase outlet at the bottom of the activation section is connected to the gas phase inlet at the side of the first metal membrane bag filter, and the gas phase outlet at the top of the first metal membrane bag filter is connected to the gas phase inlet of the air inlet distributor. The tail gas treatment unit includes a buffer tank, a secondary combustion chamber, a waste heat boiler, and a denitrification component. The inlet of the buffer tank is connected to the outlet of the negative pressure fan. The secondary combustion chamber includes an outer furnace body and an inner furnace body. The outer furnace body is hollow, and the inner furnace body is a hollow cylinder with an open top. The inner furnace body is coaxially mounted in the outer furnace body, and the lower end surface of the inner furnace body is in contact with the bottom surface of the outer furnace body, and the upper end surface of the inner furnace body is not in contact with the top surface of the inner furnace body. The outer diameter of the inner furnace body is smaller than that of the outer furnace body. The inner diameter of the furnace body, the inner wall of the inner furnace body and the inner wall of the outer furnace body form an annular preheating cavity, the outlet of the buffer tank is connected to the bottom of the annular preheating cavity between the inner furnace body and the outer furnace body through a pipeline, the inlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the inner furnace body through a pipeline, the denitrification component includes a urea stirring tank, a circulating pump, a urea solution storage tank, a metering pump, and a urea atomizing nozzle, the outlet of the urea stirring tank is connected to the inlet of the circulating pump, the outlet of the circulating pump is connected to the inlet of the urea solution storage tank, the outlet reservoir of the urea solution storage tank is connected to the inlet of the metering pump, the outlet of the metering pump is connected to the liquid phase inlet of the urea atomizing nozzle, the gas phase inlet of the urea atomizing nozzle is used to introduce high-pressure air, and the urea atomizing nozzle is used to spray the atomized urea solution into the furnace of the waste heat boiler.

Preferably, the flash dryer also includes a grading ring and a breaking up assembly. The flash dryer body is a hollow cylinder. A grading ring is installed at the upper part of the inner cavity of the flash dryer body. A conical bottom surface is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the flash dryer body. The breaking up assembly includes a breaking up main shaft, a drive motor, and breaking up blades. The lower end of the breaking up main shaft is coaxially connected to the output end of the drive motor, and the upper end of the breaking up main shaft vertically passes through the conical bottom surface of the flash dryer body. The breaking up blades are fixed to the upper end of the breaking up main shaft.

Preferably, the flash dryer also includes a base and a compressed gas component, the compressed gas component includes an air pump and an air pipe, the flash dryer body is placed on the base, a closed bottom cavity is formed between the upper surface of the base and the conical bottom surface of the flash dryer body, the drive motor is fixed on the base, the upper end of the breaking up main shaft vertically passes through the base and the conical bottom surface of the flash dryer body, the breaking up main shaft is rotatably connected to the base through a bearing, the outlet of the air pump is connected to one end of the air pipe, and the other end of the air pipe is connected to the bottom cavity.

Preferably, the secondary combustion chamber also includes lattice bricks and a gas ratio regulating burner. The lower inner portion of the outer furnace body is a columnar cavity, the upper inner portion of the outer furnace body is a conical cavity, a firing port is provided at the top of the outer furnace body, the inner furnace body is filled with lattice bricks, a gas ratio regulating burner is installed at the top of the outer furnace body, the nozzle of the gas ratio regulating burner is connected to the firing port of the outer furnace body, a maze-like brick seam is formed between the lattice bricks, an explosion-proof hole is also provided at the top of the outer furnace body, and an explosion-proof cover is covered on the explosion-proof hole.

Preferably, the flash dryer is a rotary flash dryer, and the first metal membrane bag filter and the second metal membrane bag filter are both intermetallic compound asymmetric membrane dust collectors.

Preferably, the waste carbon regeneration unit further comprises a tower cooling bed, and the inlet of the tower cooling bed is connected to the solid phase outlet at the bottom of the first metal membrane bag filter.

Preferably, the steam outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to the inner cavity of the activation section through a pipeline.

Preferably, the tail gas treatment unit further comprises a quenching absorption tower, and the inlet of the quenching absorption tower is connected to the outlet of the waste heat boiler.

Preferably, the tail gas treatment unit further comprises a bag filter, and the inlet of the bag filter is connected to the outlet of the quenching absorption tower.

Preferably, the tail gas treatment unit further comprises a desulfurization tower, and the inlet of the desulfurization tower is connected to the outlet of the bag filter.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) The regenerated activated carbon and the exhaust gas are separated into gas and solid by bag dust removal. Since the exhaust gas temperature is high, it will burn the bag dust removal equipment. Therefore, the activated carbon and the exhaust gas need to be cooled before gas-solid separation can be performed, and the thermal energy of the exhaust gas cannot be utilized. In the present invention, the first metal membrane bag filter is resistant to high temperature, and the regenerated activated carbon and the exhaust gas are directly separated into gas and solid by the first metal membrane bag filter. The drying of hazardous waste carbon fully utilizes the residual heat of the exhaust gas activated by the dynamic activation furnace to directly dry it, which greatly reduces the thermal energy consumption of drying hazardous waste carbon.

(2) Use a flash dryer to dry the hazardous waste carbon powder. The moisture content of the hazardous waste carbon after drying can be stabilized at about 10%. This residual water can react with the trace amount of residual organic matter in the hazardous waste carbon during the activation stage. This residual water content is too high or too low, which is not conducive to activation.

(3) The gas-solid separation rate of the first metal membrane bag filter is above 99.99%, and the amount of regenerated activated carbon powder that enters the flash dryer together with the exhaust gas is very small, which avoids a large amount of regenerated activated carbon powder entering the flash dryer, resulting in a decrease in the moisture content of the hazardous waste carbon after drying, thereby affecting the activation process.

(4) During the gas-solid separation process of the first metal membrane bag filter, activated carbon powder will adhere to the microporous metal membrane filter material of the first metal membrane bag filter. The organic gas in the exhaust gas can be absorbed by the activated carbon powder, avoiding returning to the dynamic activation furnace after passing through the flash dryer and reacting with the residual water in the dried hazardous waste carbon, thereby indirectly reducing the water content of the dried hazardous waste carbon and affecting the activation process.

(5) The hazardous waste carbon is dried using a flash dryer. The hazardous waste carbon has good dispersibility and is pneumatically transported in a dilute phase during the carbonization and activation process, which shortens the activation reaction time of the hazardous waste carbon and makes the reaction more complete. The entire process is in a closed state. The reaction heat of the hazardous waste carbon during the carbonization and activation process can basically maintain the temperature of the entire device, and the energy consumption is very low.

(6) The hazardous waste carbon is dried using a flash dryer. The particle size of the hazardous waste carbon after drying can be stabilized within a predetermined range. The particle size of the hazardous waste carbon is controllable, which is conducive to ensuring the stability of the fluidization state of the hazardous waste carbon in the dynamic activation, thereby stabilizing the carbonization and activation process.

(7) The secondary combustion chamber has reasonable air distribution, sufficient gas mixing, high turbulence, and no dead zone. The organic matter in the tail gas is sent into the secondary combustion chamber for complete combustion to form flue gas. The flue gas temperature reaches 1200℃, and the flue gas residence time is greater than 2s. It can fully decompose harmful odors and polychlorinated compounds, inhibit the formation of dioxins, and finally generate small molecular substances such as _C02 , _S02 , _NOX , _H2O , etc.

(8) Use a urea atomizing nozzle to spray urea aqueous solution into the furnace of the waste heat boiler. The flue gas is fully mixed with the sprayed atomized urea solution. The _NOx component in the flue gas is reduced to _N2 and water in the presence of _O2 . At the same time, all the water in the urea solution is vaporized and carried away by the flue gas, thereby achieving the purpose of removing and reducing nitrogen oxides in the flue gas.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an axonometric diagram of the energy-saving activation and regeneration system for hazardous waste carbon capable of inhibiting the generation of dioxins.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the denitration component.

FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of the flash dryer.

FIG. 4 is a partial cutaway view of the secondary combustion chamber.

In the figure: waste carbon regeneration unit 10, flash dryer 11, flash dryer body 111, conical bottom surface 1111, classification ring 112, scattering assembly 113, scattering main shaft 1131, drive motor 1132, scattering blade 1133, air inlet distributor 114, base 115, compressed gas assembly 116, air pump 1161, air pipe 1162, cyclone dust collector 12, second metal membrane bag filter 13, dynamic regeneration furnace 14, carbonization section 141, connecting section 142, activation section 143, The first metal membrane bag filter 15, the negative pressure fan 16, the tower cooling bed 17, the exhaust gas treatment unit 20, the buffer tank 21, the secondary combustion chamber 22, the outer furnace body 221, the inner furnace body 222, the checker brick 223, the gas ratio adjustment burner 224, the waste heat boiler 23, the quenching absorption tower 24, the bag dust collector 25, the desulfurization tower 26, the denitrification component 27, the urea stirring tank 271, the circulation pump 272, the urea solution storage tank 273, the metering pump 274, the dioxin treatment component 28, and the activated carbon silo 281.

Detailed ways

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

Referring to Figures 1 to 4, an embodiment of the present invention provides an energy-saving activation and regeneration system for hazardous waste carbon that can inhibit the generation of dioxins, including a waste carbon regeneration unit 10 and a tail gas treatment unit 20. The waste carbon regeneration unit 10 includes a flash dryer 11, a cyclone dust collector 12, a second metal membrane bag filter 13, a dynamic regeneration furnace 14, a first metal membrane bag filter 15, and a negative pressure fan 16. The flash dryer 11 includes a flash dryer body 111 and an air inlet distributor 114. A solid phase inlet is provided on the ring wall of the flash dryer body 111, and a gas phase outlet is provided on the top of the flash dryer body 111. The air inlet distributor 114 is sleeved on the outer bottom of the flash dryer body 111. The air inlet distributor 114 is a hollow ring body, and a gas phase inlet is provided on the outer ring wall of the air inlet distributor 114. The inner ring wall of the air inlet distributor 114 is provided with an air outlet. A plurality of slits are provided on the side wall of the flash dryer body 111, and the slits are arranged along the flash dryer body 111. The slit outlet is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, the slit outlet is connected to the inner cavity of the flash drying body 111, the slit outlet is along the tangent direction of the flash drying body 111, the slit inlet is connected to the air outlet of the air inlet distributor 114, the gas phase outlet of the flash drying body 111 is connected to the gas phase inlet on the side of the cyclone dust collector 12, the gas phase outlet at the top of the cyclone dust collector 12 is connected to the gas phase inlet on the side of the second metal membrane bag filter 13, the inlet of the negative pressure fan 16 is connected to the gas phase outlet on the top of the second metal membrane bag filter 13, the dynamic regeneration furnace 14 is a "door" shaped hollow cylinder, the dynamic regeneration furnace 14 includes a carbonization section 141, a connecting section 142, and an activation section 143, the solid phase outlet at the bottom of the cyclone dust collector 12 is connected to the solid phase inlet on the side of the carbonization section 141, the solid phase outlet at the bottom of the second metal membrane bag filter 13 is connected to the solid phase inlet on the side of the carbonization section 141, and a gas phase inlet is provided at the lower part of the carbonization section 141. The gas phase outlet at the top of the activation section 141 is connected to one end of the connecting section 142, the other end of the connecting section 142 is connected to the gas phase inlet at the top of the activation section 143, the gas phase outlet at the bottom of the activation section 143 is connected to the gas phase inlet at the side of the first metal membrane bag filter 15, the gas phase outlet at the top of the first metal membrane bag filter 15 is connected to the gas phase inlet of the air inlet distributor 114, the tail gas treatment unit 20 includes a buffer tank 21, a secondary combustion chamber 22, and a waste heat boiler 2 3. Denitration component 27, the inlet of buffer tank 21 is connected to the outlet of negative pressure fan 16, the secondary combustion chamber 22 includes an outer furnace body 221 and an inner furnace body 222, the outer furnace body 221 is hollow, the inner furnace body 222 is a hollow cylinder with an open top, the inner furnace body 222 is coaxially sleeved in the outer furnace body 221, the lower end surface of the inner furnace body 222 is in contact with the bottom surface of the outer furnace body 221, the upper end surface of the inner furnace body 222 is not in contact with the top surface of the inner furnace body 222, and the outer diameter of the inner furnace body 222 is The inner diameter of the inner furnace body 222 is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer furnace body 221. The inner wall of the inner furnace body 222 and the inner wall of the outer furnace body 221 form an annular preheating cavity. The outlet of the buffer tank 21 is connected to the bottom of the annular preheating cavity between the inner furnace body 222 and the outer furnace body 221 through a pipeline. The inlet of the waste heat boiler 23 is connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the inner furnace body 222 through a pipeline. The denitration component 27 includes a urea stirring tank 271, a circulating pump 272, a urea solution storage tank 273, a metering pump 274, and a urea mist. The outlet of the urea stirring tank 271 is connected to the inlet of the circulating pump 272, the outlet of the circulating pump 272 is connected to the inlet of the urea solution storage tank 273, the outlet reservoir of the urea solution storage tank 273 is connected to the inlet of the metering pump 274, the outlet of the metering pump 274 is connected to the liquid phase inlet of the urea atomizing nozzle, the gas phase inlet of the urea atomizing nozzle is used to introduce high-pressure air, and the urea atomizing nozzle is used to spray the atomized urea solution into the furnace of the waste heat boiler 23.

During the drying process of hazardous waste carbon, the pore water is mainly evaporated, and at the same time, the adsorbed volatile organic substances such as small molecular hydrocarbons and aromatic organic substances are desorbed and separated into the exhaust gas.

Under high temperature conditions, the organic matter remaining in the hazardous waste carbon is eliminated from the matrix of the hazardous waste carbon in the form of volatilization, decomposition, carbonization and oxidation, and is converted into organic gas and enters the exhaust gas.

The trace amount of residual organic matter is activated by the residual water and the supplementary oxidizing gas such as water vapor, and the generated CO, _CO2 , _H2 and nitrogen oxides are decomposed and desorbed from the hazardous waste carbon.

Specifically, the denitration component 27 is arranged at the first return path of the waste heat boiler 23, that is, the area of 900°C to 1050°C in the furnace of the waste heat boiler 23.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) The regenerated activated carbon and the exhaust gas are separated into gas and solid by bag dust removal. Since the exhaust gas temperature is high, it will burn the bag dust removal equipment. Therefore, the activated carbon and the exhaust gas need to be cooled before gas-solid separation can be performed, and the thermal energy of the exhaust gas cannot be utilized. In the present invention, the first metal membrane bag filter 15 is resistant to high temperature, and the regenerated activated carbon and the exhaust gas are directly separated into gas and solid by the first metal membrane bag filter 15. The hazardous waste carbon is dried by making full use of the residual heat of the exhaust gas activated by the dynamic activation furnace, which greatly reduces the thermal energy consumption of drying the hazardous waste carbon.

(2) The hazardous waste carbon powder is dried using a flash dryer 11. The moisture content of the hazardous waste carbon after drying can be stabilized at about 10%. This residual water can react with trace amounts of organic matter remaining in the hazardous waste carbon during the activation stage. Too high or too low a residual water content is not conducive to activation.

(3) The gas-solid separation rate of the first metal membrane bag filter 15 is above 99.99%, and the amount of regenerated activated carbon powder entering the flash dryer 11 together with the exhaust gas is very small, which avoids a large amount of regenerated activated carbon powder entering the flash dryer 11, resulting in a decrease in the moisture content of the hazardous waste carbon after drying, thereby affecting the activation process.

(4) During the gas-solid separation process of the first metal membrane bag filter 15, activated carbon powder will adhere to the microporous metal membrane filter material of the first metal membrane bag filter 15. The organic gas in the exhaust gas can be absorbed by the activated carbon powder, avoiding returning to the dynamic activation furnace after passing through the flash dryer 11 and reacting with the residual water in the dried hazardous waste carbon, thereby indirectly reducing the water content of the dried hazardous waste carbon and affecting the activation process.

(5) The flash dryer 11 is used to dry the hazardous waste carbon. The hazardous waste carbon has good dispersibility. During the carbonization and activation process, the hazardous waste carbon is pneumatically transported in a dilute phase, which shortens the activation reaction time of the hazardous waste carbon and makes the reaction more complete. The entire process is in a closed state. The reaction heat of the hazardous waste carbon during the carbonization and activation process can basically maintain the temperature of the entire device, and the energy consumption is very low.

(6) The flash dryer 11 is used to dry the hazardous waste carbon. The particle size of the hazardous waste carbon after drying can be stabilized within a predetermined range. The particle size of the hazardous waste carbon is controllable, which is conducive to ensuring the stability of the fluidization state of the hazardous waste carbon in the dynamic activation, thereby stabilizing the carbonization and activation process.

(7) The secondary combustion chamber 22 has reasonable air distribution, sufficient gas mixing, high turbulence, and no dead zone. The organic matter in the tail gas is sent into the secondary combustion chamber 22 for complete combustion to form flue gas. The flue gas temperature reaches 1200°C, and the flue gas residence time is greater than 2s. It can fully decompose harmful odors and polychlorinated compounds, inhibit the formation of dioxin-like substances, and finally generate small molecular substances such as _C02 , _S02 , _NOX , _H2O , etc.

(8) A urea atomizing nozzle is used to spray a urea aqueous solution into the furnace of the waste heat boiler 23. The flue gas is fully mixed with the sprayed atomized urea solution. The _NOx component in the flue gas is reduced to _N2 and water in the presence of _O2 . At the same time, all the water in the urea solution is vaporized and taken away by the flue gas, thereby achieving the purpose of removing and reducing nitrogen oxides in the flue gas.

Referring to Figures 1 and 3, further, the flash dryer 11 also includes a grading ring 112 and a breaking up assembly 113. The flash dryer body 111 is a hollow cylinder. The grading ring 112 is installed at the upper part of the inner cavity of the flash dryer body 111, and a conical bottom surface 1111 is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the flash dryer body 111. The breaking up assembly 113 includes a breaking up main shaft 1131, a driving motor 1132, and breaking up blades 1133. The lower end of the breaking up main shaft 1131 is coaxially connected to the output end of the driving motor 1132, and the upper end of the breaking up main shaft 1131 vertically passes through the conical bottom surface 1111 of the flash dryer body 111, and the breaking up blades 1133 are fixed to the upper end of the breaking up main shaft 1131.

Hazardous waste carbon enters the flash drying body 111 from the spiral feeder. Under the action of the breaking blades 1133, the hazardous waste carbon is dispersed under the action of impact, friction and shearing, and the block hazardous waste carbon is crushed, fully contacted with hot air, heated and dried. The dehydrated dry powder rises with the hot air, and the grading ring 112 intercepts the large particles. The small particles are discharged from the center of the ring and are recovered by the cyclone dust collector 12 and the second metal membrane bag filter 13. The large pieces of hazardous waste carbon that are not completely dried are thrown to the inner wall of the flash drying body 111 by centrifugal force, and fall to the bottom of the flash drying body 111 again to be crushed and dried. The flash dryer 11 integrates drying and crushing, and realizes the one-time rapid drying of paste-like and filter cake-like materials of different particle sizes into powder. The heat and mass transfer time during the drying process is short, the drying intensity is high, the thermal efficiency is high, and the particle size and humidity of the obtained dry powder are controllable.

Referring to Figures 1 and 3, further, the flash dryer 11 also includes a base 115 and a compressed gas component 116. The compressed gas component 116 includes an air pump 1161 and an air pipe 1162. The flash dryer body 111 is placed on the base 115. A closed bottom cavity is formed between the upper surface of the base 115 and the conical bottom surface 1111 of the flash dryer body 111. The drive motor 1132 is fixed on the base 115. The upper end of the breaking up main shaft 1131 vertically passes through the base 115 and the conical bottom surface 1111 of the flash dryer body. The breaking up main shaft 1131 is rotatably connected to the base 115 through a bearing. The outlet of the air pump 1161 is connected to one end of the air pipe 1162, and the other end of the air pipe 1162 is connected to the bottom cavity.

A compressed gas component 116 is provided to ensure that the flash dryer 11 does not leak material into the bottom cavity, thereby reducing the damage rate of the bearings. The compressed air enters the flash dryer body 111 through the gap between the scattering main shaft 1131 and the conical bottom surface 1111, which can interfere with the speed of the hazardous waste carbon powder carried by the rotating wind field in the flash dryer body 111, preventing the speed of the hazardous waste carbon powder from approaching the speed of the scattering blades 1133, thereby avoiding the reduction in the relative speed between the hazardous waste carbon powder and the scattering blades 1133 and causing a decrease in the crushing efficiency.

Referring to Figures 1 and 4, further, the secondary combustion chamber 22 also includes checker bricks 223 and a gas ratio regulating burner 224. The lower inner portion of the outer furnace body 221 is a columnar cavity, the upper inner portion of the outer furnace body 221 is a conical cavity, a ignition port is provided at the top of the outer furnace body 221, the inner furnace body 222 is filled with checker bricks 223, a gas ratio regulating burner 224 is installed at the top of the outer furnace body 221, the nozzle of the gas ratio regulating burner 224 is connected to the ignition port of the outer furnace body 221, a maze-like brick seam is formed between the checker bricks 223 and the checker bricks 223, an explosion-proof hole is also provided at the top of the outer furnace body 221, and an explosion-proof cover is covered on the explosion-proof hole.

The brick joints between the checker bricks 223 are in a maze shape, so the mixing effect of the exhaust gas and the combustion-supporting gas is better.

The exhaust gas first enters the bottom of the annular preheating chamber between the inner furnace body 222 and the outer furnace body 221, and then flows upward along the outer wall of the inner furnace body 222. During the upward flow, it is preheated by the inner furnace body 222. After the exhaust gas is preheated, it is beneficial for it to enter the inner furnace body 222 for full combustion. The heat transfer from the inner furnace body 222 to the outer furnace body 221 is blocked, thereby avoiding the loss of heat in the secondary combustion chamber 22.

After the exhaust gas enters the annular preheating chamber, it turns 90 degrees and flows upward along the outer wall of the inner furnace body 222. After flowing upward along the outer wall of the inner furnace body 222 and encountering the top wall of the outer furnace body 221, it turns 180 degrees again. The exhaust gas flows in a zigzag manner in the secondary combustion chamber 22, so that the exhaust gas is in a turbulent state in the secondary combustion chamber 22. The hot exhaust gas in the turbulent state and the high-temperature combustion-supporting gas sprayed downward along the axis direction of the inner furnace body 222 by the gas ratio adjustment burner 224 can be fully mixed and then fully burned.

The upper part of the outer furnace body 221 is conical, and a downward rotating airflow can be formed when the exhaust gas flows along the conical annular wall of the outer furnace body 221. The rotating airflow is fully dispersed in the inner furnace body 222, so that the exhaust gas enters the brick joints between the checker bricks 223 without dead zones. After the exhaust gas enters the brick joints, it is further fully mixed with the combustion-supporting gas, thereby enhancing combustion.

The secondary combustion chamber 22 has reasonable air distribution, sufficient gas mixing, high turbulence, and no dead zone. The organic matter in the tail gas is sent to the secondary combustion chamber 22 for complete combustion to form flue gas. The flue gas temperature reaches 1200°C, and the flue gas residence time is greater than 2s. It can fully decompose harmful odors and polychlorinated compounds, inhibit the formation of dioxins, and finally generate small molecular substances such as _C02 , _S02 , _NOX , _H2O , etc.

Referring to FIG. 1 , further, the flash dryer 11 is a rotary flash dryer 11 , and the first metal membrane bag filter 15 and the second metal membrane bag filter 13 are both intermetallic compound asymmetric membrane dust collectors.

Referring to FIG. 1 , further, the waste carbon regeneration unit 10 further includes a tower cooling bed 17 , and an inlet of the tower cooling bed 17 is connected to a solid phase outlet at the bottom of the first metal membrane bag filter 15 .

Referring to FIG. 1 , further, the steam outlet of the waste heat boiler 23 is connected to the inner cavity of the activation section 143 through a pipeline.

The steam from the waste heat boiler 23 is used as supplementary water vapor in the process of activating hazardous waste carbon, providing heat supplement for maintaining a stable temperature of the entire device. The water vapor itself has an activation effect on hazardous waste carbon and the carbon components in the hazardous waste carbon are not easily burned.

Referring to FIG. 1 , further, the tail gas treatment unit 20 further includes a quenching absorption tower 24 , and an inlet of the quenching absorption tower 24 is connected to an outlet of the waste heat boiler 23 .

The main function of the quench absorption tower 24 is to rapidly cool the flue gas and absorb the acidic components in the tail gas with alkaline solution.

The quenching absorption tower 24 adopts a direct cooling method of spraying alkali solution. The flue gas flowing through the quenching absorption tower 24 directly contacts the alkali solution sprayed after atomization, and the mass transfer rate and heat transfer rate are fast. The sprayed alkali solution is quickly vaporized to take away a large amount of heat, and the flue gas temperature can be quickly reduced to about 200°C, thereby avoiding the re-generation of dioxin-like substances and neutralizing the acidic components in the flue gas.

Specifically, the temperature of the flue gas after the waste heat boiler 23 is about 500°C. In order to avoid the re-generation of dioxins in the temperature range of 250-500°C, the system must shorten the residence time of the flue gas in this temperature range as much as possible, so the system is equipped with a quenching absorption tower 24 for rapid cooling of the flue gas. An alkali liquid atomizing nozzle is provided on the upper part of the quenching absorption tower 24. The alkali liquid atomizing nozzle has a double-layer jacketed pipe structure. The alkali liquid flows through the inner pipe and the compressed air flows through the outer pipe. The alkali liquid and the compressed air are strongly mixed at the nozzle head and then sprayed out from the nozzle, so that the alkali liquid is atomized into fine particles, which are contacted and absorbed by the flue gas.

Referring to FIG. 1 , further, the tail gas treatment unit 20 further includes a bag filter 25 , and an inlet of the bag filter 25 is connected to an outlet of the quench absorption tower 24 .

Referring to FIG. 1 , further, the tail gas treatment unit 20 further includes a desulfurization tower 26 , and an inlet of the desulfurization tower 26 is connected to an outlet of the bag filter.

Referring to FIG. 1 , in a specific embodiment, the tail gas treatment unit 20 further includes a dioxin treatment component 28, and the dioxin treatment component 28 includes an activated carbon silo 281. The outlet of the activated carbon silo 281 is connected to a pipeline between the bag filter 25 and the quench absorption tower 24. After the powdered activated carbon in the activated carbon silo 281 enters the pipeline between the bag filter 25 and the quench absorption tower 24, it is mixed with the flue gas in the pipeline, and the activated carbon further absorbs dioxin-like substances in the flue gas. Furthermore, the dioxin treatment component 28 also includes a disc feeder, an activated carbon conveying fan, and a dry reactor. The activated carbon is stored in an activated carbon silo 281. The activated carbon in the activated carbon silo 281 is conveyed by the disc feeder to the activated carbon conveying fan, and then the activated carbon conveying fan conveys the activated carbon to the dry reactor. The outlet of the quenching absorption tower 24 is connected to the bottom inlet of the dry reactor, and the outlet of the dry reactor is connected to the inlet of the bag filter 25. Activated carbon powder with a particle size of about 200 mesh is sprayed into the flue gas flow direction, and is dispersed in the flue gas by relying on the flue gas flow. The contact time between the two is prolonged in the dry reactor, and the activated carbon particles that adsorb dioxins are finally collected by the bag filter 25.

Referring to Figure 1, in a specific embodiment, the pipe between the bag-type dust collector 25 and the quenching absorption tower 24 is thick at both ends and thin in the middle. The outlet of the activated carbon silo 281 is connected to the middle part of the pipe between the bag-type dust collector 25 and the quenching absorption tower 24. The activated carbon powder in the activated carbon silo 281 can be sucked in by the negative pressure generated by the middle part of the pipe between the bag-type dust collector 25 and the quenching absorption tower 24. At the same time, since the pipe between the bag-type dust collector 25 and the quenching absorption tower 24 is thick at both ends and thin in the middle, the flue gas in the pipe between the bag-type dust collector 25 and the quenching absorption tower 24 will form turbulence. Since the flue gas and the activated carbon are fully mixed, the activated carbon will adhere to the inner surface of the bag of the bag-type dust collector 25 after entering the bag-type dust collector 25. In the process of the flue gas passing through the bag, dioxins are further absorbed by the activated carbon.

Referring to Figure 1, in a specific embodiment, the exhaust gas treatment unit 20 also includes a dry deacidification component, which includes a disc feeder, a Roots blower, a slaked lime bin, and a dry reactor. The lime powder is stored in the slaked lime bin, and the lime powder is continuously and evenly sprayed into the dry reactor through the disc feeder and the Roots blower. The outlet of the quenching absorption tower 24 is connected to the bottom inlet of the dry reactor, and the outlet of the dry reactor is connected to the inlet of the bag filter 25. The flue gas enters from the bottom of the dry reactor and reacts chemically with the lime powder to remove _CO2 , _SO2 , _H2O , etc. in the flue gas.

Referring to FIG1 , a method for activating and regenerating hazardous waste carbon is provided, and the specific steps are as follows:

The dynamic regeneration furnace 14 is heated to a preset temperature, and the negative pressure fan 16 is started. Cold air enters from the gas phase inlet provided at the bottom of the carbonization section 141, and carries the hazardous waste carbon powder through the carbonization section 141 of the dynamic regeneration furnace 14, the connecting section 142 of the dynamic regeneration furnace 14, the activation section 143 of the dynamic regeneration furnace 14, and the first metal membrane bag filter 15 in sequence. The hazardous waste carbon powder is carbonized and activated to form activated carbon in sequence, and then the activated carbon is discharged from the solid phase outlet of the first metal membrane bag filter 15, and the hot exhaust gas enters the flash drying body 11 from the gas phase outlet of the first metal membrane bag filter 15. 1. The hot exhaust gas enters the bottom of the flash drying body 111 from the gas phase inlet of the flash drying body 111 in the tangential direction of the flash drying body 111 to form a rotating wind field. The hot exhaust gas carries the hazardous waste carbon powder with a predetermined moisture content and particle size and is output from the gas phase outlet of the flash drying body 111, and passes through the cyclone dust collector 12 and the second metal membrane bag filter 13 in sequence. The exhaust gas is discharged from the gas phase outlet of the second metal membrane bag filter 13. The hazardous waste carbon powder separated by the cyclone dust collector 12 and the second metal membrane bag filter 13 are sent to the carbonization section 141 of the dynamic regeneration furnace 14 together.

The steps in the method of the embodiment of the present invention can be adjusted in order, combined or deleted according to actual needs.

The modules or units in the device of the embodiment of the present invention may be combined, divided or deleted according to actual needs.

The above disclosure is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention. A person skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes of the above embodiments and equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. An energy-saving activation and regeneration system for hazardous waste carbon capable of inhibiting the generation of dioxins, characterized in that it comprises a waste carbon regeneration unit and an exhaust gas treatment unit, wherein the waste carbon regeneration unit comprises a flash dryer, a cyclone dust collector, a second metal membrane bag filter, a dynamic regeneration furnace, a first metal membrane bag filter, and a negative pressure fan, wherein the flash dryer comprises a flash dryer body and an air inlet distributor, wherein a solid phase inlet is arranged on the annular wall of the flash dryer body, a gas phase outlet is arranged on the top of the flash dryer body, an air inlet distributor is sleeved on the outer bottom of the flash dryer body, the air inlet distributor is a hollow annular body, a gas phase inlet is arranged on the outer annular wall of the air inlet distributor, an air outlet is arranged on the inner annular wall of the air inlet distributor, a plurality of slits are arranged on the side wall of the flash dryer body, the slits are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the flash dryer body, the outlets of the slits are connected to the inner cavity of the flash dryer body, the outlets of the slits are along the tangent direction of the flash dryer body, the inlet of the slits is connected to the air inlet distributor The air outlet of the flash drying body is connected to the gas phase inlet on the side of the cyclone dust collector, the gas phase outlet at the top of the cyclone dust collector is connected to the gas phase inlet on the side of the second metal membrane bag filter, the inlet of the negative pressure fan is connected to the gas phase outlet on the top of the second metal membrane bag filter, the dynamic regeneration furnace is a "door" shaped hollow cylinder, the dynamic regeneration furnace includes a carbonization section, a connecting section, and an activation section, the solid phase outlet at the bottom of the cyclone dust collector is connected to the solid phase inlet on the side of the carbonization section, the solid phase outlet at the bottom of the second metal membrane bag filter is connected to the solid phase inlet on the side of the carbonization section, a gas phase inlet is provided at the lower part of the carbonization section, the gas phase outlet at the top of the carbonization section is connected to one end of the connecting section, the other end of the connecting section is connected to the gas phase inlet at the top of the activation section, the gas phase outlet at the lower part of the activation section is connected to the gas phase inlet on the side of the first metal membrane bag filter, the gas phase outlet at the top of the first metal membrane bag filter is connected to the air inlet The gas phase inlet of the distributor is connected, the tail gas treatment unit comprises a buffer tank, a secondary combustion chamber, a waste heat boiler, and a denitrification component, the inlet of the buffer tank is connected with the outlet of the negative pressure fan, the secondary combustion chamber comprises an outer furnace body and an inner furnace body, the outer furnace body is hollow, and the inner furnace body is a hollow cylinder with an opening at the top, the inner furnace body is coaxially sleeved in the outer furnace body, the lower end face of the inner furnace body is in contact with the bottom face of the outer furnace body, the upper end face of the inner furnace body is not in contact with the top face of the inner furnace body, the outer diameter of the inner furnace body is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer furnace body, the inner wall of the inner furnace body and the inner wall of the outer furnace body form an annular preheating cavity, the outlet of the buffer tank is connected with the bottom of the annular preheating cavity between the inner furnace body and the outer furnace body through a pipeline, the inlet of the waste heat boiler is connected with the bottom of the inner cavity of the inner furnace body through a pipeline, the denitrification component comprises a urea stirring tank, a circulating pump, a urea solution storage tank, a metering pump, and a urea atomizing nozzle, the outlet of the urea stirring tank is connected with the inlet of the circulating pump, and the outlet of the circulating pump is connected to the urea The inlet of the urea solution storage tank is connected, the outlet reservoir of the urea solution storage tank is connected to the inlet of the metering pump, the outlet of the metering pump is connected to the liquid phase inlet of the urea atomizing nozzle, the gas phase inlet of the urea atomizing nozzle is used to introduce high-pressure air, and the urea atomizing nozzle is used to spray the atomized urea solution into the furnace of the waste heat boiler; the flash dryer also includes a grading ring and a scattering component, the flash dryer body is a hollow cylinder, a grading ring is installed on the upper part of the inner cavity of the flash dryer body, and a conical bottom surface is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the flash dryer body. The scattering component includes a scattering spindle, a driving motor, and scattering blades. The lower end of the scattering spindle is coaxially connected with the output end of the driving motor, and the upper end of the scattering spindle vertically passes through the conical bottom surface of the flash dryer body, and the scattering blades are fixed to the upper end of the scattering spindle; the waste carbon regeneration unit also includes a tower cooling bed, and the inlet of the tower cooling bed is connected to the solid phase outlet at the bottom of the first metal membrane bag filter. 2. The energy-saving activation and regeneration system for hazardous waste carbon that can inhibit the generation of dioxins as described in claim 1 is characterized in that: the flash dryer also includes a base and a compressed gas component, the compressed gas component includes an air pump and an air pipe, the flash dryer body is placed on the base, and a closed bottom cavity is formed between the upper surface of the base and the conical bottom surface of the flash dryer body, the drive motor is fixed on the base, the upper end of the breaking up main shaft vertically passes through the base and the conical bottom surface of the flash dryer body, the breaking up main shaft is rotatably connected to the base through a bearing, the outlet of the air pump is connected to one end of the air pipe, and the other end of the air pipe is connected to the bottom cavity. 3. The energy-saving activation and regeneration system for hazardous waste carbon that can inhibit the generation of dioxins as described in claim 1 is characterized in that: the secondary combustion chamber also includes lattice bricks and a gas ratio adjustment burner, the lower inner side of the outer furnace body is a columnar cavity, the upper inner side of the outer furnace body is a conical cavity, the top of the outer furnace body is provided with a firing port, the inner furnace body is filled with lattice bricks, a gas ratio adjustment burner is installed on the top of the outer furnace body, the nozzle of the gas ratio adjustment burner is connected to the firing port of the outer furnace body, the lattice bricks form a maze-like brick seam, and an explosion-proof hole is also provided on the top of the outer furnace body, and an explosion-proof cover is covered on the explosion-proof hole. 4. The energy-saving activation and regeneration system for hazardous waste carbon capable of inhibiting the generation of dioxins as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the flash dryer is a rotary flash dryer, and the first metal membrane bag filter and the second metal membrane bag filter are both intermetallic compound asymmetric membrane dust collectors. 5. The energy-saving activation and regeneration system for hazardous waste carbon capable of inhibiting the generation of dioxins as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the steam outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to the inner cavity of the activation section through a pipeline. 6. The energy-saving activation and regeneration system for hazardous waste carbon capable of inhibiting dioxin generation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the tail gas treatment unit further comprises a quenching absorption tower, and the inlet of the quenching absorption tower is connected to the outlet of the waste heat boiler. 7. The energy-saving activation and regeneration system for hazardous waste carbon capable of inhibiting the generation of dioxins as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the tail gas treatment unit further comprises a bag filter, and the inlet of the bag filter is connected to the outlet of the quenching absorption tower. 8. The energy-saving activation and regeneration system for hazardous waste carbon capable of inhibiting the generation of dioxins as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the tail gas treatment unit further comprises a desulfurization tower, and the inlet of the desulfurization tower is connected to the outlet of the bag filter.