CN111685079A - Healthy ecological cattle raising method - Google Patents
Healthy ecological cattle raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111685079A CN111685079A CN202010545639.3A CN202010545639A CN111685079A CN 111685079 A CN111685079 A CN 111685079A CN 202010545639 A CN202010545639 A CN 202010545639A CN 111685079 A CN111685079 A CN 111685079A
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- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003278 egg shell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 102000018997 Growth Hormone Human genes 0.000 abstract description 4
- 108010051696 Growth Hormone Proteins 0.000 abstract description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000122 growth hormone Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K13/00—Devices for grooming or caring of animals, e.g. curry-combs; Fetlock rings; Tail-holders; Devices for preventing crib-biting; Washing devices; Protection against weather conditions or insects
- A01K13/001—Washing, cleaning, or drying devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K5/00—Feeding devices for stock or game ; Feeding wagons; Feeding stacks
- A01K5/01—Feed troughs; Feed pails
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K7/00—Watering equipment for stock or game
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a healthy ecological cattle raising method, belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, provides an ecological cattle raising method which is comfortable in growing environment and beneficial to healthy growth of cattle, and aims to effectively solve the problems that the taste of produced beef is reduced, the air circulation in a cattle house is not smooth, the sanitary condition is poor, diseases or mosquitoes are easily caused, the healthy growth of cattle is not facilitated, the environment is polluted by produced cattle manure, and the growth of the cultured cattle is accelerated by means of injecting growth hormone or adopting chemical additive feed and the like in many cattle raising enterprises at present.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, in particular to a healthy ecological cattle raising method.
Background
Livestock breeding is a traditional agricultural form in China, the cattle breeding industry is also growing continuously along with continuous progress and development of society, the intensive breeding is implemented in the current cattle farm, cattle are always tied and bred in a cattle shed in the growth process and lack of activity, so that the taste of produced beef is reduced, the ventilation in the cattle shed is not smooth, the sanitary condition is poor, diseases or mosquitoes are easily caused, the healthy growth of the cattle is not facilitated, meanwhile, the growth of the bred cattle is accelerated by means of injecting growth hormone or adopting chemical additive feed and the like in many cattle breeding enterprises at present, the maximum economic benefit is obtained, the independent breeding waste treatment and the utilization of various chemical additive feeds are adopted, the breeding cost is increased, the breeding benefit is also reduced, and the produced cattle manure pollutes the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the difficulties of the background technology and provides an ecological cattle raising method which is comfortable in growing environment and beneficial to healthy growth of cattle.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a healthy ecological cattle raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) site selection: the cattle farm selects suburbs where water and electricity are convenient, is far away from villages and main roads, is located in downwind positions of residential areas and public building groups, generally requires 300-500 m away from the main roads, is flat, sunny and dry, is higher than the highest flood line of local history, and has the underground water level below 2 m;
2) site construction: the cattle farm is in a north-south direction, the cattle farm is divided into a living area, a breeding area, a moving area and an quarantine area, the distance between adjacent functional areas is not less than 50-80m, the breeding area comprises a closed cattle house with a plurality of convection vents arranged on the wall, each cattle house is internally provided with a longitudinal working channel, and two sides of each working channel are sequentially provided with corresponding food troughs and drinking troughs; the cattle shed is provided with a sewage discharge groove, the ground of the cattle shed is gradually inclined from one end adjacent to the sewage discharge groove to the other end corresponding to the sewage discharge groove, so that urine of cattle can automatically flow into the sewage discharge groove, and an embedded methane tank is arranged outside the cattle shed; a cattle bed is arranged in the cattle shed, the ground inclination angle of the cattle bed is 1.5-2 degrees, and the ground is firm, anti-skidding and easy to wash; the distance between the cowsheds is 6-12m, epidemic prevention isolation belts or epidemic prevention isolation walls are arranged between the cowsheds, the same end of each cowshed is respectively provided with a movable area, and the movable area is divided into a primary movable area, a secondary movable area and a tertiary movable area through a grating plate connected by hinges;
3) cultivation management: sucking cattle to a primary activity area for free activity at 7: 00-8: 00 in the morning, feeding the cattle with a mixed feed which is mainly composed of fine feed and auxiliary coarse feed in a feeding groove arranged in the activity area, wherein the fine feed comprises eggshell powder, bran, corn flour, vinasse and salt, and the coarse feed is rice straw, straw and sweet potato; at noon 12: introducing the cattle into a secondary activity area to freely move at 00-13: 00, and drinking water and eating a small amount of food; 17: 00-18: 00, introducing the cattle into a three-level activity area for free activity, adding half of mixed feed of concentrated feed and half of mixed feed of coarse feed into a feed trough for feeding, and introducing the cattle into a cattle shed after cleaning and disinfecting 19: 00-20: 00;
4) site sanitation: cleaning a cowshed in a breeding area, cleaning dung and dirt in the cowshed every day, sucking the cattle into an active area when the cowshed is cleaned, manually cleaning the cowshed, and spraying and disinfecting the cowshed once every week by using a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass percentage of 2-3% to kill harmful bacteria and pests in the cowshed and keep the cattle breeding environment clean and tidy;
5) the method is characterized in that a solid-liquid separation device and a methane tank are intermittently communicated with a sewage discharge groove in the cowshed, excrement in the cowshed is separated through the solid-liquid separation device in summer, separated liquid substances are used for fertilizing and irrigating crops, solid substances are used for manufacturing a fermentation bed, the excrement in the cowshed enters the methane tank in winter, and methane generated by the methane tank supplies heat to the cowshed.
Furthermore, the inlet end and the outlet end of the movable area are respectively corresponding to the guide openings arranged at the end part of the cowshed, the length of the inlet end and the outlet end of the movable area is 5-10m, and the width of the inlet end and the outlet end of the movable area is 0.8-1.4 m.
Further, the inner wall of the inlet end of the movable area in the step 2) is provided with a massage roller, and the inner wall of the outlet end of the movable area is provided with a cleaning nozzle and a warm air outlet.
Further, the convection vent of the step 2) is provided with a filter element, and a filter cover is arranged outside the filter element.
Further, the living area in the step 2) is arranged at an upper air inlet of the breeding area, and the quarantine area is arranged at the side surface or a lower air inlet of the breeding area.
Further, the active area of the step 2) adopts a brick-concrete or steel frame structure.
The healthy ecological cattle raising method provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the movable area is provided with guide ports with inlet ends and outlet ends respectively corresponding to the ends of the cowshed, the length of the inlet ends and the outlet ends of the movable area is 5-10m, the width of the inlet ends and the outlet ends of the movable area is 0.8-1.4m, cows in the cowshed can conveniently enter the movable area in sequence, and disturbance caused by crowding is prevented; the inner wall of the inlet end of the activity area is provided with the massage idler wheels, so that the cattle body entering the activity area is massaged and relaxed, the inner wall of the outlet end of the activity area is provided with the cleaning nozzle and the warm air outlet, the cattle body entering the cowshed is cleaned and dried, and a comfortable environment is provided for the cattle body; a filter element is arranged through the convection ventilation opening, and a filter cover is arranged outside the filter element, so that firstly, the air in the cowshed is filtered, and secondly, mosquitoes are prevented from entering the cowshed to bite the cattle; the live area is arranged at the upper air inlet of the breeding area, and the quarantine area is arranged at the side surface or the lower air inlet of the breeding area, so that the normal operation of a cattle farm is facilitated, the healthy growth of cattle is facilitated, and the working efficiency of workers in a comfortable working environment is improved; the method is characterized in that a suburb with convenient water and electricity is selected through a cattle farm, is far away from villages and main roads and is positioned at the downwind position of residential areas and public building groups, and the influence on the surrounding residential environment is reduced; the cattle farm is set to be in a north-south direction, the distance between adjacent functional areas of the cattle farm is not less than 50-80m, and a plurality of closed cattle houses with convection vents are arranged on the wall of the breeding area, so that the ventilation condition of the whole cattle farm is improved, and the breeding of bacteria in the breeding area is reduced; the cattle shed sewage disposal device is intermittently communicated with a solid-liquid separation device and a methane tank through a sewage disposal groove in the cattle shed, excrement in the cattle shed in summer is separated through the solid-liquid separation device, a separated liquid substance is used for fertilizing and irrigating crops, a solid substance is used for manufacturing a fermentation bed, the excrement in the cattle shed in winter enters the methane tank, and methane generated by the methane tank supplies heat to the cattle shed; the invention has strong practicability and convenient popularization and use, and effectively solves the problems that the taste of the produced beef is reduced due to lack of movement when the cattle are always tied and raised in a cowshed in the growth process, the air circulation in the cowshed is not smooth, the sanitary condition is poor, diseases or mosquitoes are easily caused, the healthy growth of the cattle is not facilitated, the produced cattle manure pollutes the environment, and meanwhile, the growth of the raised cattle is accelerated by means of injecting growth hormone or adopting chemical additive feed and the like in many cattle raising enterprises at present.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the healthy ecological cattle raising method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cowshed in the healthy ecological cattle raising method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a cattle bed in the healthy ecological cattle raising method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the activity area in the healthy ecological cattle raising method of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of an inlet end in the healthy ecological cattle raising method of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the exit end of the healthy ecological cattle raising method of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-living area, 2-breeding area, 3-active area, 4-quarantine area, 5-cowshed, 6-convection ventilation opening, 7-working channel, 8-trough, 9-drinking trough, 10-sewage trough, 11-cattle bed, 12-grating plate, 13-first active area, 14-second active area, 15-third active area, 16-feeding trough, 17-solid-liquid separation device, 18-inlet end, 19-outlet end, 20-guide opening, 21-massage roller, 22-cleaning nozzle and 23-warm air outlet.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the following embodiments and drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and it is anticipated that one skilled in the art may make various changes in the embodiments in combination with the prior art.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present invention provides a healthy and ecological cattle raising method, which comprises the following steps:
1) site selection: the cattle farm selects suburbs where water and electricity are convenient, is far away from villages and main roads, is located in downwind positions of residential areas and public building groups, generally requires 300-500 m away from the main roads, is flat, sunny and dry, is higher than the highest flood line of local history, and has the underground water level below 2 m;
2) site construction: the cattle farm is in a north-south direction, the cattle farm is divided into a living area 1, a breeding area 2, a moving area 3 and an quarantine area 4, the distance between adjacent functional areas is not less than 50-80m, the breeding area 2 comprises a closed cattle shed 5 with a plurality of convection vents 6 arranged on the wall, each cattle shed 5 is internally provided with a longitudinal working channel 7, and two sides of each working channel 7 are sequentially provided with a corresponding trough 8 and a corresponding trough 9; the cattle shed 5 is provided with a sewage discharge groove 10, the ground of the cattle shed 5 is gradually inclined from one end adjacent to the sewage discharge groove 10 to the other corresponding end, so that urine of cattle can automatically flow into the sewage discharge groove 10, and an embedded methane tank is arranged outside the cattle shed 5; a cattle bed 11 is arranged in the cattle shed 5, the ground inclination angle of the cattle bed 11 is 1.5-2 degrees, and the ground is firm, anti-skidding and easy to wash; the spacing between the cowsheds 5 is 6-12m, epidemic prevention isolation zones or epidemic prevention isolation walls are arranged between the cowsheds 5, the same end of each cowshed 5 is respectively provided with a movable area 3, and the movable area 3 is divided into a first-stage movable area 13, a second-stage movable area 14 and a third-stage movable area 15 through a grid plate 12 connected by hinges;
3) cultivation management: sucking the cattle to a primary active area 13 to move freely at 7: 00-8: 00 in the morning, and feeding the cattle with mixed feed which is mainly concentrated feed and supplemented with coarse feed in a feeding groove 16 arranged in the active area 3, wherein the concentrated feed comprises eggshell powder, bran, corn flour, vinasse and salt, and the coarse feed is rice straw, straw and sweet potato; at noon 12: introducing the cattle into a secondary activity area 14 to freely move at a speed of 00-13: 00, and drinking water and eating a small amount of food; 17: 00-18: 00, introducing the cattle into the tertiary activity area 15 for free activity, adding half of mixed feed of concentrated feed and coarse feed into a feed trough for feeding, and introducing the cattle into a cowshed 5 after cleaning and disinfecting 19: 00-20: 00;
4) site sanitation: cleaning a cowshed 5 in a breeding area 2, cleaning dung in the cowshed 5 every day, sucking cattle into an active area 3 when the cowshed 5 is cleaned, manually cleaning the cowshed 5, and spraying and disinfecting the cowshed 5 once every week by using a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass percentage of 2-3% to kill harmful bacteria and pests in the cowshed 5 so as to keep the cattle breeding environment clean and tidy;
5) the waste utilization is that a sewage discharge groove 10 in the cattle shed 5 is intermittently communicated with a solid-liquid separation device 17 and a methane tank, excrement in the cattle shed 5 in summer is separated through the solid-liquid separation device 17, separated liquid substances are used for fertilizing and irrigating crops, solid substances are used for manufacturing a fermentation bed, the excrement in the cattle shed 5 in winter enters the methane tank, and methane generated by the methane tank supplies heat to the cattle shed 5.
Randomly selecting two barns in a cattle farm to be divided into a test group and a control group, wherein the cattle in the selected barns are beef cattle with the age of 13-15 months and the over-weighed weight of 210-240 kg, and the initial data of the beef cattle are relatively unchanged.
Test groups: feeding according to the steps 3) and 4) of the invention.
Control group: the beef cattle are raised in a cowshed by using chemical additive feed.
The daily feeding amount of the test group and the daily feeding amount of the control group are the same, the feeding time and the drinking time are the same, the health value of each cow is observed and checked every day, the feeding period is 6-7 months, 3 cows in the test group and the control group are randomly selected respectively after the feeding period is finished to weigh, the weight information of the cows is recorded, and the cows selected in each group are slaughtered after the cows are forbidden to feed water and are fasted for 24 hours.
Through comparison of recorded data after the feeding period is finished, weighing values of the test groups are higher than those of the control groups, and the test groups have obvious difference in weight increasing and fattening effects relative to the control groups, so that the healthy ecological cattle raising method provided by the invention is more suitable for fattening and growing characteristics of beef cattle, and is shown in table 1.
| Weight before test | Weight after test | Increase weight | |
| Test group | 224.56±16.54 | 345.61±19.34 | 121.05±2.8 |
| Control group | 226.21±16.74 | 280.86±22.43 | 54.65±5.69 |
TABLE 1
The results of prior art comparisons of the flesh color, marbling and fat color grades of two selected groups of slaughtered cattle showed significant differences in the slaughter quality of the test groups relative to the control group, as shown in table 2.
| Meat color grade | Marbling grade | Grade of fat | |
| Test group | |||
| 3 | 2 | 1 | |
| Control group | 4.5 | 4 | 1.78 |
TABLE 2
In the invention, the inlet end 18 and the outlet end 19 of the movable area 3 respectively correspond to the guide ports 20 arranged at the end parts of the cowshed 5, the length of the inlet end 18 and the outlet end 19 of the movable area 3 is 5-10m, and the width of the inlet end is 0.8-1.4m, so that the cows in the cowshed 5 can conveniently enter the movable area 3 in sequence, and the disturbance caused by crowding is prevented; the inner wall of the inlet end 18 of the activity area 3 is provided with massage rollers 21 which play a role of massaging and relaxing the cattle entering the activity area 3, the inner wall of the outlet end 19 of the activity area 3 is provided with a cleaning nozzle 22 and a warm air outlet 23, the cleaning nozzle 22 and the warm air outlet 23 are externally connected with a power supply, the cattle entering the cattle shed 5 is cleaned and dried, and a comfortable environment is provided for the cattle; the convection ventilation opening 6 in the step 2) is provided with a filter element, and a filter cover is arranged outside the filter element, so that firstly, the air in the cowshed 5 is filtered, and secondly, mosquitoes are prevented from entering the cowshed 5 to bite the cattle; the living area 1 in the step 2) is arranged at the air inlet of the breeding area 2, and the quarantine area 4 is arranged at the side surface or the air inlet of the breeding area 2, so that the normal operation of a cattle farm is facilitated, the healthy growth of cattle is facilitated, and the working efficiency of workers in a comfortable working environment is improved; the movable area 3 of the step 2) is of a brick-concrete or steel frame structure, and the grating plates 12 are connected with the wall of the movable area 3 through hinges, so that the cattle can move in the movable area 3 in a partition mode one day, and meanwhile, cleaning and management of the previous movable area 3 are facilitated for workers.
The method comprises the steps of leading cattle from a guide opening 20 of a cowshed to an inlet end 18 of an active area 3 at 7: 00-8: 00 in the morning, massaging cattle bodies through a massage roller 21 arranged on the inlet end 18 to obtain a soothing effect, entering a primary active area 13 through the inlet end 18 to freely move, adding a mixed feed mainly comprising concentrated feed and secondarily comprising 10-20 parts of eggshell powder, 15-25 parts of bran, 10-30 parts of corn flour, 25-40 parts of vinasse and 0.5-1 part of salt into a feeding groove 16 arranged in the active area 3, and feeding the coarse feed which is rice straw, straw and sweet potato; at noon 12: 00-13: 00, introducing the cattle into a secondary activity area 14 for free activity, and drinking spring water and eating a small amount of food; 17: 00-18: 00, introducing the cattle into the three-stage activity area 15 to freely move, adding half of mixed feed of concentrated feed and coarse feed into a feed trough for feeding, introducing the cattle to an outlet end 19 at 19: 00-20: 00, cleaning and disinfecting the cattle body by a cleaning nozzle 22 arranged on the inner wall of the outlet end 19, drying the fluid after cleaning and disinfecting by a warm air outlet 23 arranged on the inner wall of the outlet end 19, and finally introducing the cattle into the cattle shed 5.
In conclusion, compared with the method for raising the cattle tied in the cowshed, the healthy ecological cattle raising method provided by the invention has obvious differences, the practicability is strong, the popularization and the use are convenient, the problems that the taste of the produced beef is reduced, the air circulation in the cowshed is not smooth, the sanitary condition is poor, diseases or mosquitoes are easily caused, the healthy growth of the cattle is not facilitated, the environment is polluted by the produced cow dung due to the lack of activity when the cattle are tied in the cowshed all the time in the growth process are effectively solved, and meanwhile, the growth of the cultured cattle is accelerated by means of injecting growth hormone or adopting chemical additive feed and the like in many cattle raising enterprises at present.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A healthy ecological cattle raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) site selection: the cattle farm selects suburbs where water and electricity are convenient, is far away from villages and main roads, is located in downwind positions of residential areas and public building groups, generally requires 300-500 m away from the main roads, is flat, sunny and dry, is higher than the highest flood line of local history, and has the underground water level below 2 m;
2) site construction: the cattle farm is in a north-south direction, the cattle farm is divided into a living area, a breeding area, a moving area and an quarantine area, the distance between adjacent functional areas is not less than 50-80m, the breeding area comprises a closed cattle house with a plurality of convection vents arranged on the wall, each cattle house is internally provided with a longitudinal working channel, and two sides of each working channel are sequentially provided with corresponding food troughs and drinking troughs; the cattle shed is provided with a sewage discharge groove, the ground of the cattle shed is gradually inclined from one end adjacent to the sewage discharge groove to the other end corresponding to the sewage discharge groove, so that urine of cattle can automatically flow into the sewage discharge groove, and an embedded methane tank is arranged outside the cattle shed; a cattle bed is arranged in the cattle shed, the ground inclination angle of the cattle bed is 1.5-2 degrees, and the ground is firm, anti-skidding and easy to wash; the distance between the cowsheds is 6-12m, epidemic prevention isolation belts or epidemic prevention isolation walls are arranged between the cowsheds, the same end of each cowshed is respectively provided with a movable area, and the movable area is divided into a primary movable area, a secondary movable area and a tertiary movable area through a grating plate connected by hinges;
3) cultivation management: sucking cattle to a primary activity area for free activity at 7: 00-8: 00 in the morning, feeding the cattle with a mixed feed which is mainly composed of fine feed and auxiliary coarse feed in a feeding groove arranged in the activity area, wherein the fine feed comprises eggshell powder, bran, corn flour, vinasse and salt, and the coarse feed is rice straw, straw and sweet potato; at noon 12: introducing the cattle into a secondary activity area to freely move at 00-13: 00, and drinking water and eating a small amount of food; 17: 00-18: 00, introducing the cattle into a three-level activity area for free activity, adding half of mixed feed of concentrated feed and half of mixed feed of coarse feed into a feed trough for feeding, and introducing the cattle into a cattle shed after cleaning and disinfecting 19: 00-20: 00;
4) site sanitation: cleaning a cowshed in a breeding area, cleaning dung and dirt in the cowshed every day, sucking the cattle into an active area when the cowshed is cleaned, manually cleaning the cowshed, and spraying and disinfecting the cowshed once every week by using a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass percentage of 2-3% to kill harmful bacteria and pests in the cowshed and keep the cattle breeding environment clean and tidy;
5) the method is characterized in that a solid-liquid separation device and a methane tank are intermittently communicated with a sewage discharge groove in the cowshed, excrement in the cowshed is separated through the solid-liquid separation device in summer, separated liquid substances are used for fertilizing and irrigating crops, solid substances are used for manufacturing a fermentation bed, the excrement in the cowshed enters the methane tank in winter, and methane generated by the methane tank supplies heat to the cowshed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the inlet end and the outlet end of the movable area are respectively corresponding to the guide openings arranged at the end parts of the cowshed, the length of the inlet end and the outlet end of the movable area is 5-10m, and the width of the inlet end and the outlet end of the movable area is 0.8-1.4 m.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: and 2) massage rollers are arranged on the inner wall of the inlet end of the movable area, and a cleaning nozzle and a warm air outlet are arranged on the inner wall of the outlet end of the movable area.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the convection vent of the step 2) is provided with a filter element, and a filter cover is arranged outside the filter element.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the living area in the step 2) is arranged at an upper air inlet of the breeding area, and the quarantine area is arranged on the side surface or a lower air inlet of the breeding area.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the active area of the step 2) adopts a brick-concrete or steel frame structure.
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Application publication date: 20200922 |