CN111676039A - A biomass pyrolysis carbonization system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass pyrolysis and carbonization system, comprising a feed bin, a furnace body, a dust separator, a purification settling device, a condensation tower, a pyrolysis gas recovery and utilization device, and a pyrolysis liquid collection device, which are connected in sequence. It is connected with the inlet of the furnace body. The furnace body has a heating element. The heating element can heat the material in the furnace body. The material is added from the feed bin and then enters the furnace body. The furnace body rotates and heats the material. The material is pyrolyzed and dust The separator can separate the products and raw material dust in the pyrolysis process. The steam generated by the pyrolysis enters the purification and sedimentation device. The purification and sedimentation device can purify and settle the pyrolysis steam. The purified pyrolysis steam enters the condensing tower and condenses. The tower cools the pyrolysis steam, separates the pyrolysis gas and the pyrolysis liquid. The pyrolysis gas recovery and utilization device can collect the separated pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis liquid enters the pyrolysis liquid collection device. The electric control unit can control the speed of the furnace body and Monitor the pyrolysis temperature in the furnace.

Description

A biomass pyrolysis carbonization system

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of biomass pyrolysis carbonization, in particular to a biomass pyrolysis carbonization system.

Background technique

Biomass refers to various organisms produced by photosynthesis using the atmosphere, water, land, etc., that is, all living and growing organic substances are generally called biomass. Biomass fuel refers to the burning of biomass materials as fuel, generally mainly agricultural and forestry wastes (such as straw, sawdust, bagasse, rice bran, etc.), which are mainly different from fossil fuels.

With the development of society, biomass energy has gradually become a hot spot in the field of energy utilization. Biomass pyrolysis carbonization technology is an important way to develop and utilize biomass energy, in which the pyrolysis carbonization reaction equipment is the core device. How to design a biomass carbonization reaction equipment is of great significance for the pyrolysis and utilization of biomass resources. At present, there are two common types of carbonization equipment, namely kiln type carbonization furnace and fixed bed type pyrolysis furnace. Kiln-type carbonization furnaces include traditional kiln-type carbonization furnaces and Japanese BA-I type carbonization kilns, which have the disadvantages of discontinuous production and inability to recover pyrolysis by-products. While Zhejiang University rotary kiln and three-stage biomass pyrolysis kiln can overcome the shortcomings of kiln-type carbonization furnaces, they cannot accurately measure the pyrolysis parameters of fixed-bed pyrolysis furnaces. The parameter guidance effect is small.

Therefore, how to change the current situation that biomass pyrolysis carbonization equipment cannot achieve continuous production and low production efficiency due to pyrolysis parameter monitoring in the prior art has become an urgent problem for those skilled in the art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a biomass pyrolysis carbonization system, so as to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, improve the biomass pyrolysis carbonization work efficiency, and reduce the labor intensity of operators.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solutions: The present invention provides a biomass pyrolysis carbonization system, including a feed bin, a furnace body, a dust separator, a purification settling device, a condensation tower, and a pyrolysis gas recovery that are connected in sequence. Using the device and the pyrolysis liquid collection device, the feed bin is provided with a feed port, the feed bin is communicated with the inlet of the furnace body, and the furnace body has a heating element, and the heating element can The material in the furnace body is heated, the outlet of the furnace body is communicated with the inlet of the dust separator, the furnace body is rotatably connected to the dust separator, and the outlet of the dust separator is connected to the dust separator. The inlet of the sedimentation device is connected, the gas outlet of the purification sedimentation device is connected with the inlet of the condensation tower, the gas outlet of the condensation tower is connected with the inlet of the pyrolysis gas recovery and utilization device, and the purification sedimentation device is connected. The liquid outlet of the device, the liquid outlet of the condensation tower, and the liquid outlet of the pyrolysis gas recovery and utilization device are all connected with the pyrolysis liquid collection device; the furnace body is also connected with an electric control unit, and the electric The control unit can control the rotational speed of the furnace body and monitor the temperature in the furnace body.

Preferably, the furnace body includes an outer shell and an inner container, the inner container is rotatably arranged in the outer shell, the heating element can heat the material in the inner container, and a temperature sensor is arranged in the inner container, The temperature sensor is signal-connected to the electronic control unit.

Preferably, a rotating sheet is arranged on the inner wall of the inner pot, and the rotating sheet is arranged obliquely.

Preferably, the rotating piece is a quadrilateral plate-like structure.

Preferably, the number of the rotating pieces is several groups, and the number of the rotating pieces in each group is multiple pieces, the multiple pieces of the rotating pieces are evenly distributed around the axis of the inner tank, and the several groups of the rotating pieces are along the circumference of the inner tank. The axes of the inner pots are evenly spaced.

Preferably, the number of the rotating plates is three groups, and the number of the rotating plates in each group is four.

Preferably, the number of the purification settling devices and the number of the condensing towers are both two sets, the two sets of the purification settling devices are arranged in series, and the two sets of the condensation towers are arranged in series.

Preferably, the gas outlet of the purification settling device is located at the top of the purification settling device, the gas outlet of the condensation tower is located at the top of the condensation tower, and the liquid outlet of the purification settling device is located at the bottom of the purification settling device, The liquid outlet of the condensation tower is located at the bottom of the condensation tower.

Preferably, the heating element adopts a gas heating method, and the pyrolysis gas recovery and utilization device is communicated with the heating element.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention achieves the following technical effects: the biomass pyrolysis carbonization system of the present invention includes a feed bin, a furnace body, a dust separator, a purification settling device, a condensation tower, and a pyrolysis gas recycling and utilization that are connected in sequence. The device and the pyrolysis liquid collection device, the feeding bin is provided with a feeding port, and the feeding bin is connected with the inlet of the furnace body. The furnace body has a heating element, which can heat the materials in the furnace body. The inlet of the separator is connected, the furnace body is rotatably connected with the dust separator, the outlet of the dust separator is connected with the inlet of the purification settling device, the gas outlet of the purification settling device is connected with the inlet of the condensing tower, and the gas of the condensing tower is connected. The outlet is communicated with the inlet of the pyrolysis gas recovery and utilization device, and the liquid outlet of the purification settling device, the liquid outlet of the condensation tower, and the liquid outlet of the pyrolysis gas recovery and utilization device are all communicated with the pyrolysis liquid collection device; the furnace body is also connected with a Electronic control unit, the electronic control unit can control the speed of the furnace body and monitor the temperature in the furnace body. In the biomass pyrolysis carbonization system of the present invention, the material is fed from the feed bin and then enters the furnace body, the furnace body rotates and heats the material, the material is pyrolyzed, and the dust separator can separate the product and the raw material dust in the pyrolysis process. The steam generated by the pyrolysis enters the purification settling device, which can purify and settle the pyrolysis steam. The purified pyrolysis steam enters the condensation tower, which cools the pyrolysis steam and separates the pyrolysis gas and the pyrolysis liquid. The pyrolysis gas recovery and utilization device can collect the separated pyrolysis gas, the pyrolysis liquid enters the pyrolysis liquid collection device, and the electric control unit can control the speed of the furnace body and monitor the pyrolysis temperature in the furnace body. By using the biomass pyrolysis carbonization system of the present invention, the temperature of different stages of pyrolysis can be accurately measured and controlled, and the pyrolysis products can be recovered to realize zero emission and zero pollution in the biomass carbonization process. The system of the present invention has a compact structure and is easy to operate. , reducing the operator's labor burden.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. In the embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative labor.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the biomass pyrolysis carbonization system of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the top view of the biomass pyrolysis carbonization system of the present invention;

Among them, 1 is the feed bin, 2 is the furnace body, 3 is the dust separator, 4 is the purification settling device, 5 is the condensation tower, 6 is the pyrolysis liquid collection device, 7 is the pyrolysis gas recycling device, and 8 is the heating Components, 9 is a temperature sensor, 10 is an electronic control unit.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a biomass pyrolysis carbonization system, so as to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, improve the biomass pyrolysis carbonization work efficiency, and reduce the labor intensity of operators.

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Please refer to FIGS. 1-2, wherein, FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the biomass pyrolysis carbonization system of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a top view of the biomass pyrolysis carbonization system of the present invention.

The present invention provides a biomass pyrolysis carbonization system, which includes a feed bin 1, a furnace body 2, a dust separator 3, a purification settling device 4, a condensation tower 5, a pyrolysis gas recovery and utilization device 7 and a pyrolysis liquid, which are connected in sequence. The collection device 6, the feeding bin 1 is provided with a feeding port, and the feeding bin 1 is communicated with the inlet of the furnace body 2. The furnace body 2 has a heating element 8, and the heating element 8 can heat the materials in the furnace body 2. The furnace body The outlet of 2 is communicated with the inlet of the dust separator 3, the furnace body 2 is rotatably connected with the dust separator 3, the outlet of the dust separator 3 is communicated with the inlet of the purification settling device 4, and the gas outlet of the purification settling device 4 is connected with the dust separator 3. The inlet of the condensation tower 5 is communicated, the gas outlet of the condensation tower 5 is communicated with the inlet of the pyrolysis gas recovery and utilization device 7, the liquid outlet of the purification settling device 4, the liquid outlet of the condensation tower 5, the pyrolysis gas recovery and utilization device 7 are communicated. The liquid outlets are all communicated with the pyrolysis liquid collecting device 6 ; the furnace body 2 is also connected with an electronic control unit 10 , which can control the rotational speed of the furnace body 2 and monitor the temperature in the furnace body 2 .

In the biomass pyrolysis carbonization system of the present invention, the material is fed from the feed bin 1, and then enters the furnace body 2, the furnace body 2 rotates and heats the material, the material is pyrolyzed, and the dust separator 3 can separate the products in the pyrolysis process and The raw material dust and the steam generated by pyrolysis enter the purification and sedimentation device 4. The purification and sedimentation device 4 can purify and settle the pyrolysis steam. The purified pyrolysis steam enters the condensation tower 5, and the condensation tower 5 cools the pyrolysis steam and separates it. Pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis liquid, the pyrolysis gas recovery and utilization device 7 can collect the separated pyrolysis gas, the pyrolysis liquid enters the pyrolysis liquid collection device 6, and the electronic control unit 10 can control the speed of the furnace body 2 and monitor the furnace body. 2. Internal pyrolysis temperature, the biomass pyrolysis carbonization system of the present invention can accurately measure and control the temperature of different stages of pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis products can be recovered to achieve zero emission and zero pollution in the biomass carbonization process. The system has compact structure and convenient operation, which reduces the labor burden of operators.

Specifically, the furnace body 2 includes an outer shell and an inner liner. The furnace body 2 is a split structure, which can reduce the temperature loss during the pyrolysis process. The outer shell and the inner liner are made of high-temperature resistant alloy materials, which are not easily deformed. In the outer shell, the heating element 8 can heat the material in the inner tank, and a temperature sensor 9 is arranged in the inner tank. The temperature sensor 9 is connected with the signal of the electronic control unit 10, the temperature sensor 9 can measure the pyrolysis temperature, and the temperature sensor 9 can monitor the furnace body. The temperature at the 2 axis reflects the pyrolysis temperature more realistically and effectively.

In order to make the materials in the furnace body 2 fully rotate and heat, a rotating plate is arranged on the inner wall of the inner tank, and the rotating plate is inclined. In addition, in the biochar recovery stage, the inner tank can drive the rotary plate to rotate and automatically separate the pyrolysis carbon.

In this specific embodiment, the rotating piece is a quadrilateral plate-like structure, and the rotating piece is connected to the inner pot by welding.

In order to further improve the uniformity of the rotation and heating of the material, the number of rotating pieces is several groups, and the number of each group of rotating pieces is multiple pieces. The multiple pieces of rotating pieces are evenly distributed around the axis of the inner tank, and several groups of rotating pieces are along the axis of the inner tank. Equally spaced and evenly distributed, the rotating plates of adjacent groups are staggered to improve the uniformity of material rotation and heating.

In other embodiments of the present invention, the number of rotating plates is three groups, the number of rotating plates in each group is four, and the total number of rotating plates is twelve.

More specifically, the number of purification settling devices 4 and the number of condensation towers 5 are two groups, two groups of purification settling devices 4 are arranged in series, and two groups of condensing towers 5 are arranged in series, and the number of purification settling devices 4 and condensation towers 5 are both. The two groups are arranged in series to improve the purification, sedimentation and condensation efficiency of the pyrolysis steam. In this specific embodiment, the condensation tower 5 uses a water cooling method to cool the pyrolysis steam. In addition, controllable switches are set at the bottom of the purification settling device 4 and the condensing tower 5, which can not only observe the state of the product at any time, but also provide certain help for the rapid maintenance of accidents.

Further, the gas outlet of the purification settling device 4 is located at the top of the purification settling device 4, the gas outlet of the condensation tower 5 is located at the top of the condensation tower 5, the liquid outlet of the purification settling device 4 is located at the bottom of the purification settling device 4, and the gas outlet of the condensation tower 5 is located at the bottom of the purification settling device 4. The liquid outlet is located at the bottom of the condensation tower 5, which is convenient for the smooth transportation of pyrolysis steam and pyrolysis liquid.

It should also be emphasized that the heating element 8 is heated by gas, and the pyrolysis gas recovery and utilization device 7 is connected to the heating element 8. The gas generated by the pyrolysis of materials can be used for pyrolysis heating, reducing the consumption of input gas, not only making The system achieves a relative balance and can observe the combustion of pyrolysis gas at any time to determine its effective components, which is of great help for data recording during experiments.

In the biomass pyrolysis carbonization system of the present invention, the materials are manually pulverized and added into the feed bin 1 through the feed port, and then into the furnace body 2. The furnace body 2 is driven to rotate by a driver, and the driver is connected to the electronic control unit 10. , the furnace body 2 rotates to ensure that the material is heated evenly during the pyrolysis period, and the pyrolysis efficiency and quality are improved. In order to ensure that the material is fully pyrolyzed within the pyrolysis time, the material is always located inside the furnace body 2. After the pyrolysis is completed, the biochar is accelerated to dissipate heat by rotating the furnace body 2, and is collected in a moisture-proof bag after cooling to room temperature. Controlling the rotation speed of the furnace body 2 can accelerate the heat dissipation of the biochar and reduce the waiting time from the end of the pyrolysis to the collection of the biochar; the rotation of the furnace body 2 can drive the pyrolysis carbon to move to the outlet of the furnace body 2 to facilitate the collection of the biochar.

The tar vapor that the pyrolysis produces enters the purification settling device 4 together with the wood vinegar vapor, and the tar and part of the wood vinegar are condensed into a liquid state at this time, and most of the tars can be collected by the control switch at the bottom of the first group purification settling device 4 ( Due to less raw materials and low tar yield in the experiment, a square container is used for collection, and a tar collection container can be set up separately in large-scale production work. The inner liner of the furnace body 2 is closed, and during the pyrolysis process, the steam-like product is affected by the air pressure and moves from the outlet of the furnace body 2 to the subsequent device along with the pipeline.

The wood vinegar liquid is cooled by the condensation tower 5, most of the tar has been collected by the first group of condensation towers 5, and the wood vinegar liquid concentration obtained by the condensation tower 5 condensation is higher now, and the purity is better. The condensing tower 5 is connected with a power water pump and a water cooling pipeline, and the pyrolysis product is cooled by means of cooling water circulation.

The pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis enters the gas recovery and utilization device after cooling and leaching, and provides energy for pyrolysis at the same time. The pyrolysis gas is used as an auxiliary fuel to provide pyrolysis energy, which can not only reduce the input of external fuel, but also observe the combustion flame properties of the pyrolysis gas, providing reference data for the experiment.

In the present invention, specific examples are used to illustrate the principles and implementations of the present invention, and the descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method and the core idea of the present invention; There will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope of the idea of the invention. In conclusion, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a biomass pyrolysis carbonization system, it is characterized in that: comprise successively connected feed bins, furnace bodies, dust separators, purification settling devices, condensation towers, pyrolysis gas recycling devices and pyrolysis liquid collection devices, The feeding bin is provided with a feeding port, and the feeding bin is communicated with the inlet of the furnace body. The furnace body has a heating element, and the heating element can heat the materials in the furnace body. The outlet of the furnace body is communicated with the inlet of the dust separator, the furnace body is rotatably connected to the dust separator, the outlet of the dust separator is communicated with the inlet of the purification sedimentation device, the The gas outlet of the purification sedimentation device is communicated with the inlet of the condensation tower, the gas outlet of the condensation tower is communicated with the inlet of the pyrolysis gas recycling device, the liquid outlet of the purification sedimentation device, the condensation tower The liquid outlet of the furnace and the liquid outlet of the pyrolysis gas recovery and utilization device are all communicated with the pyrolysis liquid collection device; the furnace body is also connected with an electric control unit, which can control the operation of the furnace body. speed and monitor the temperature inside the furnace. 2 . The biomass pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 1 , wherein the furnace body comprises an outer shell and an inner liner, the inner liner is rotatably arranged in the outer shell, and the heating element is capable of heating For the material in the inner tank, a temperature sensor is arranged in the inner tank, and the temperature sensor is signally connected to the electronic control unit. 3 . The biomass pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 2 , wherein a rotating plate is arranged on the inner wall of the inner tank, and the rotating plate is inclined. 4 . 4 . The biomass pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 3 , wherein the rotating plate has a quadrangular plate-like structure. 5 . 5 . The biomass pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 3 , wherein the number of the rotating blades is several groups, the number of the rotating blades in each group is multiple, and the rotating blades are wound around the The axis of the inner pot is evenly distributed around the circumference, and several groups of the rotating sheets are evenly distributed along the axis of the inner pot at equal intervals. 6 . The biomass pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 5 , wherein the number of the rotating blades is three groups, and the number of the rotating blades in each group is four. 7 . 7 . The biomass pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 1 , wherein the number of the purification settling devices and the number of the condensation towers are two groups, and the two groups of the purification settling devices are arranged in series, and the two groups are arranged in series. 8 . The condensing towers are arranged in series. 8. The biomass pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 7, characterized in that: the gas outlet of the purification sedimentation device is located at the top of the purification sedimentation device, and the gas outlet of the condensation tower is located at the top of the condensation tower, The liquid outlet of the purification sedimentation device is located at the bottom of the purification sedimentation device, and the liquid outlet of the condensation tower is located at the bottom of the condensation tower. 9 . The biomass pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 1 , wherein the heating element adopts a gas heating method, and the pyrolysis gas recovery and utilization device is communicated with the heating element. 10 .

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