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CN111662138A - 畜禽养殖粪污好氧腐殖质化的方法及其装置 - Google Patents

畜禽养殖粪污好氧腐殖质化的方法及其装置 Download PDF

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CN111662138A
CN111662138A CN202010567050.3A CN202010567050A CN111662138A CN 111662138 A CN111662138 A CN 111662138A CN 202010567050 A CN202010567050 A CN 202010567050A CN 111662138 A CN111662138 A CN 111662138A
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humification
livestock
manure
aerobic humification
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李长刚
贺仕磊
詹彤
叶芳芳
张帅
谢沃贤
谢文玉
李德豪
刘景峰
刘志森
王儒珍
梁家豪
杨振兴
李阳
罗奥
李清华
唐琪
潘雨蕾
罗彩丹
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Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
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Abstract

本发明提供一种畜禽养殖粪污好氧腐殖质化的方法及其装置，包括好氧腐殖质化罐、热能转换器、太阳能电能转换装置，好氧腐殖质化罐靠近底部位置开设有排粪口，所述好氧腐殖质化罐与热能转换器连接，所述好氧腐殖质化罐底部连接一电解池，所述太阳能电能转换装置与电解池连接，所述好氧腐殖质化罐与电解池连通并在连通处安装承托层。利用热泵系统转化区域丰富的太阳能和空气能加速畜禽粪污好氧腐殖化过程；利用太阳能将粪污水电解供氧，解决传统好氧堆肥供风系统污水层供氧不足、不均，粪层水分挥发过快、温度散失过快的问题，技术要点在于安全、高效、经济、简单、易行，非专业人员也能操作和维护。

Description

畜禽养殖粪污好氧腐殖质化的方法及其装置
技术领域
本发明涉及畜禽养殖污水处理技术领域，特别涉及畜禽养殖粪污好氧腐殖质化的方法及其装置。
背景技术
养猪已成为许多农民发家致富的主要产业之一。但是生猪饲养过程会向区域环境中排放大量的富含N、P、K的粪尿，已严重威胁到了水、土壤生态环境的安全。本技术基于茂名区域生猪养殖业现状和区域环境特点设计，克服了传统厌氧发酵和好氧发酵技术存在的问题，充分利用太阳能和空气能，更为安全、高效、经济、简单、易行。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种畜禽养殖粪好氧腐殖质化装置，解决现有的传统厌氧发酵和好氧发酵技术存在的臭味大、产沼气安全隐患、水分散失快、热损失大、设备操作难、技术要求高等问题。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：畜禽养殖粪好氧腐殖质化装置，其特征是：包括好氧腐殖质化罐、热能转换器、太阳能电能转换装置，好氧腐殖质化罐靠近底部位置开设有排粪口，所述好氧腐殖质化罐与热能转换器连接，所述好氧腐殖质化罐底部连接一电解池，所述太阳能电能转换装置与电解池连接，所述好氧腐殖质化罐与电解池连通并在连通处安装承托层。
优选的，热能转换器采用空气能热泵和/或真空管太阳能热水器。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种粪污好氧腐殖质化系统，粪污好氧腐殖质化系统采用两个畜禽养殖粪好氧腐殖质化装置交替运行。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种畜禽养殖粪好氧腐殖质化方法，包括如下步骤：将畜禽粪污置于好氧腐殖质化装置中进行耗高温好氧堆肥，再经腐熟后得到腐殖质肥。
本发明方法得到的腐殖质肥的有机质含量在45％以上，含水率低于30％，pH值为5.5～8.5，种子发芽指数在80％以上，完全腐熟。
优选的，通过太阳能电能转换装置对电解池内供电，控制水层溶解氧1-2mg/L，粪层溶解氧2-4mg/L。
优选的，高温好氧堆肥包括加热阶段、高温阶段和无害化阶段，其中，加热阶段控制堆肥温度45-50℃，高温阶段控制堆肥温度50-60℃，无害化阶段控制堆肥温度60-70℃。
优选的，加热阶段堆肥时间为10-12h，高温阶段堆肥时间为48h，无害化阶段堆肥时间为1～3h。
优选的，腐熟时间为72h，腐熟时好氧腐殖质化罐封闭。
优选的，所述畜禽粪污的含水率为45％左右，控制湿度在45-55％范围。
优选的，前一个畜禽粪污置于畜禽养殖粪好氧腐殖质化装置进入无害化阶段前将电解池内的电解水取出保存，待后一个装置运行48h后接种菌液，以此循环接种。
电解水为高温好氧菌液，本发明提供的接种菌液可高效降解畜禽粪污中的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、残余淀粉和尿素等有机质，尤其是配合本发明零能耗高温好氧堆肥方法，可有效加快畜禽粪污的堆肥速度。综上所述，本发明具有以下有益效果：(1)本发明利用畜禽粪污进行高温好氧堆肥，既解决了粪污处理问题，又可得到适用于农业大田生产、果树种植及园林绿化的有机肥，对减轻长期施用化肥造成的农田环境污染、增加土壤肥力、提高农产品品质及增加农业收入，均具有良好的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。
(2)与传统低温好氧堆肥过程中的微生物群落自然演替过程相比，本发明在好氧腐殖质化装置中进行高温好氧生物腐殖质化，可为堆肥的高温好氧微生物提供适宜的环境温度，显著加快微生物生长速度及降解或转化有机物的能力，不仅可加快堆肥反应速度，使粪污腐殖质化时间缩短至4天，也可大大节省堆肥成本，显著改善卫生环境。
(3)传统的粪污高温厌氧发酵技术相对好氧发酵耗时更长、发酵过程臭气产生量大、产生的沼气存在安全隐患。该技术需要专业的操作人员，适用于规模化的大型养殖企业，对于茂名地区大量的农村小型养殖专业户和散养户适用性较低。本发明提供的高温好氧生物腐殖质化技术，无臭无味无安全隐患，设备操作简单，成本低，大小型养殖户皆可使用。
(4)传统的粪污高温好氧发酵技术的供风量比较大、水分和热量损失较大，需要机械搅拌，设备较复杂并且控制适合的水分和供风量关系对一般的养殖户来说比较困难，而且粪污水膜会阻碍供风系统的氧气传质过程，产生短流问题。本发明在好氧腐殖质化装置中进行高温好氧生物腐殖质化的过程中，无需通风搅拌，可以控制水分，不仅大大的降低了操作难度，还提高了整体的效率。
(5)本发明在好氧腐殖质化装置中进行高温好氧生物腐殖质化的过程中，采用了接种菌液(高温好氧菌液)技术，该菌液可高效降解畜禽粪污中的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、残余淀粉和尿素等有机质，这样可大大加快堆肥原料中上述有机物的降解或转化速度，促进堆肥进程，提高堆肥效率。
(6)本发明基于高温好氧堆肥技术和成熟的太阳能、空气能热泵技术、太阳能电解水供氧技术，构建了新型畜禽养殖粪污安全化、腐殖化及肥料化处理新技术，投资成本更低、更安全、更易操作和维护。
附图说明
图1是实施例1的结构示意图；
图2是实施例2的流程示意图。
附图标记：1、好氧腐殖质化罐；2、排粪口；3、电解池；4、承托层；5、热能转换器；6、太阳能电能转换装置。
具体实施方式
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释，其并不是对本发明的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
本发明涉及的检测方法如下：广东省《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》控制关键指标检测。
畜禽养殖业废渣无害化环境标准
控制项目 指标
蛔虫卵 死亡率≥95％
粪大肠菌群数 ≤10<sup>4</sup>个/kg
污染物项目分析方法
Figure BDA0002547979300000051
Figure BDA0002547979300000061
实施例1：一种畜禽养殖粪好氧腐殖质化装置，其特征是：包括好氧腐殖质化罐1、热能转换器5、太阳能电能转换装置6，好氧腐殖质化罐1靠近底部位置开设有排粪口2，所述好氧腐殖质化罐1与热能转换器5连接，所述好氧腐殖质化罐1底部连接一电解池3，所述太阳能电能转换装置6与电解池3连接，所述好氧腐殖质化罐1与电解池3连通并在连通处安装承托层4，承托层4一般为钢网。
实施例2：畜禽养殖粪好氧腐殖质化方法，具体步骤为：
(1)将畜禽养殖产生的粪污直接排入粪污好氧腐殖质化系统的畜禽养殖粪好氧腐殖质化装置(装置1)中，控制含水率为45％，湿度为50％。启动热能转换器加热和电解池电解供氧，使装置1升温至45℃，堆肥12h；然后将温度控制在55℃，堆肥48h；在进行无害化之前将电解池内的高温好氧菌液取出保存。
(2)在步骤(1)完成之后，将粪污加入另一个畜禽养殖粪好氧腐殖质化装置(装置2)中，同时装置2直接升温至高温阶段的温度，待温度达到60℃后接种菌液进行高温好氧发酵阶段。
(3)在高温阶段结束之后，将装置2底部菌液取出保存，接着进行无害化阶段，将温度控制在70℃，堆肥3h。结束时，有机质含量在51％，含水率低于28％，pH值为6.5，物料种子发芽指数为85％，完全腐熟。

Claims (10)

1.一种畜禽养殖粪好氧腐殖质化装置，其特征是：包括好氧腐殖质化罐、热能转换器、太阳能电能转换装置，好氧腐殖质化罐靠近底部位置开设有排粪口，所述好氧腐殖质化罐与热能转换器连接，所述好氧腐殖质化罐底部连接一电解池，所述太阳能电能转换装置与电解池连接，所述好氧腐殖质化罐与电解池连通并在连通处安装承托层。
2.一种畜禽养殖粪好氧腐殖质化装置，其特征是：热能转换器采用空气能热泵和/或真空管太阳能热水器。
3.一种粪污好氧腐殖质化系统，其特征是：粪污好氧腐殖质化系统采用两个畜禽养殖粪好氧腐殖质化装置交替运行。
4.一种畜禽养殖粪好氧腐殖质化方法，其特征是，包括如下步骤：将畜禽粪污置于好氧腐殖质化装置中进行耗高温好氧堆肥，再经腐熟后得到腐殖质肥。
5.根据权利要求4所述的畜禽养殖粪好氧腐殖质化方法，其特征是：通过太阳能电能转换装置对电解池内供电，控制水层溶解氧1-2mg/L，粪层溶解氧2-4mg/L。
6.根据权利要求4所述的畜禽养殖粪好氧腐殖质化方法，其特征是：高温好氧堆肥包括加热阶段、高温阶段和无害化阶段，其中，加热阶段控制堆肥温度45-50℃，高温阶段控制堆肥温度50-60℃，无害化阶段控制堆肥温度60-70℃。
7.根据权利要求5所述的畜禽养殖粪好氧腐殖质化方法，其特征是：加热阶段堆肥时间为10-12h，高温阶段堆肥时间为48h，无害化阶段堆肥时间为1～3h。
8.根据权利要求4所述的畜禽养殖粪好氧腐殖质化方法，其特征是：腐熟时间为72h，腐熟时好氧腐殖质化罐封闭。
9.根据权利要求4所述的畜禽养殖粪好氧腐殖质化方法，其特征是：所述畜禽粪污的含水率为45%左右，控制湿度在45-55%范围。
10.根据权利要求6所述的畜禽养殖粪好氧腐殖质化方法，其特征是：前一个畜禽粪污置于畜禽养殖粪好氧腐殖质化装置进入无害化阶段前将电解池内的电解水取出保存，待后一个装置运行48h后接种菌液，以此循环接种。
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