CN111653633A - Decorative solar cell, preparation method and cell module - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a decorative solar cell, comprising a solar cell sheet and a plurality of metal electrodes deposited on the solar cell sheet; The multiple metal electrodes have different reflection and interference to light, so that the metal conductive pattern formed by the multiple metal electrodes presents a decorative pattern when viewed from a preset distance, so that the solar cell and the encapsulated solar cell module are beautiful. It solves the problems in the prior art, such as difficulty in packaging and poor aesthetics, due to the need to add additional beautifying films or shields when encapsulating the solar cells and battery components in the prior art. The invention also discloses the preparation method of the decorative solar cell and the solar cell assembly.

Description

Decorative solar cell, preparation method and cell module

technical field

The invention relates to a production process of solar cells, in particular to a decorative solar cell, a preparation method thereof, and a solar cell assembly.

Background technique

At present, photovoltaic power generation is a power generation technology that uses the photovoltaic effect of semiconductors to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Generally speaking, common solar cells usually form a positive and negative charge separation layer on the surface of a 156mm-210mm silicon wafer by doping; when the sun shines on the surface of the silicon wafer, positive or negative charges are formed on the two surfaces of the silicon wafer The negative two single forms of charge can be collected by the metal electrode on the surface to achieve external power supply. Among them, the metal electrodes on the front surface of the battery are divided into thin grid lines and busbar lines, and the current is collected and transmitted to the outside through the thin grid lines and the busbar lines. In the process of use, a blue-black film is arranged on the surface of the battery unit as a protective film, and then multiple battery units are connected by welding tape, and they are encapsulated in EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate). Copolymer)/POE (Polyolefin elastomer, polyolefin elastomer), the back plate and the transparent glass cover plate, form photovoltaic modules that can resist the normal operation of the harsh environment in nature.

In the actual use of photovoltaic modules, due to the transparent glass cover, metal electrodes on the battery surface, welding strips, blue-black films, etc., they will be observed from all angles from the bottom of the photovoltaic module; especially, due to interference extinction According to the physical principle, the blue-black film will also produce different colors with different viewing angles, which will affect the appearance of photovoltaic modules.

At present, there are mainly two ways in the prior art to achieve the beauty of solar cell modules:

One is to use a black backsheet and black polymer tape to block the busbars on the upper surface of the solar cell. Although this method can change the appearance consistency of the solar cell, it cannot eliminate the different color changes of the blue-black film with different viewing angles.

The second is by adding a camouflage cover layer on or under the glass cover. The common way is to add color polymer shutters or with EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) / POE (Polyolefin elastomer, polyolefin elastomer) packaging film between the glass cover plate. Camouflage films on metal ion deposition surfaces. As shown in FIG. 1 , an existing solar cell module generally includes an upper glass cover plate 101 , a decorative beautifying film layer 102 , a first encapsulation layer 103 , a solar cell 105 , and a second encapsulation layer 107 arranged in sequence from top to bottom. and the lower glass cover plate 108 . In order to ensure the aesthetics of the solar cell module, it is achieved by adding a decorative beautifying film layer 102 between the upper glass cover plate 101 and the first encapsulation layer 103 . Although this method can greatly improve the aesthetics of photovoltaic modules, it is often accompanied by a significant decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency, which increases the cost per watt of solar panels and reduces the economy and power generation capacity of the product.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a decorative solar cell, which can solve the problems caused by adding a decorative beautifying film or shielding in the prior art when the solar cell module is packaged. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells is poor.

The second purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a decorative solar cell, which can solve the photoelectric conversion of the solar cell caused by adding a decorative beautifying film layer or a shield when the solar cell module is packaged in the prior art. poor efficiency, etc.

The third object of the present invention is to provide a decorative solar cell module, which can solve the problem of poor photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells caused by adding decorative beautifying films or shields when packaging solar cell modules in the prior art And other issues.

One of the objects of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize:

A decorative solar cell, the solar cell includes a solar cell sheet and a plurality of metal electrodes deposited on the solar cell sheet; according to the shape of the plurality of metal electrodes arranged and the positions of the plurality of metal electrodes on the solar cell sheet The distribution positions make the multiple metal electrodes reflect and interfere with light differently, so that the metal conductive pattern formed by the multiple metal electrodes presents a decorative pattern when viewed from a preset distance.

Further, the shape of the metal electrode includes the height, width, length, and angle of the top section and the surface of the solar cell sheet of the metal electrode.

Further, the height difference between the plurality of metal electrodes ranges from 60 nm to 150 nm.

Further, a color coating is provided on the surface of the top of the one or more metal electrodes.

Further, the solar cell includes any one of the following cells: a heterojunction cell, a black silicon cell, a PERC cell, a TOPCON cell, and a stacked cell composed of the above cells and other thin-film cells.

Further, the metal electrode is composed of any one or more of the following metals: metallic silver, metallic copper and metallic aluminum.

The second purpose of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize:

Option One:

A preparation method of a decorative solar cell adopted as one of the objectives of the present invention, the preparation method comprises:

During the screen printing process of the solar cell, different metal electrodes are printed for a corresponding number of times by means of overprinting, so that there is a height difference between the plurality of metal electrodes on the solar cell;

Alternatively, during the electroplating process of the solar cell, the deposition rate of different metal electrodes is controlled by controlling the current density of electroplating, so that there is a height difference between the plurality of metal electrodes on the solar cell;

Alternatively, during the electroplating process of the solar cell, different metal electrodes are electroplated for a corresponding number of times by means of overprint electroplating, so that there is a height difference between the plurality of metal electrodes on the solar cell.

Further, the preparation method includes:

Step S11: forming a plurality of grooves of various shapes on the laser transfer film;

Step S12: filling each groove with conductive metal paste to form a corresponding metal electrode, and scraping off excess conductive metal paste on the surface of the laser transfer film;

Step S13: Transfer the metal electrode in each groove to the surface of the solar cell sheet through a laser heating process.

Further, the step S12 includes: firstly, by printing and filling conductive metal paste in each groove by a printing process, and after all the grooves are filled, the excess conductive metal paste remaining on the surface of the electrode carrier film is removed by a scraper The material is removed to form a conductor in each groove; then, each conductor is electroplated with conductive metal paste through an electroplating process, so that each conductor extends to the area outside the electrode carrier film to form a corresponding metal electrode.

Further, the conductive metal paste includes a combination of one or more of the following pastes: metal silver paste, metal copper paste and metal aluminum paste.

Option II:

A preparation method of a decorative solar cell adopted as one of the objectives of the present invention, the preparation method comprises:

Step S21: forming a plurality of grooves of various shapes on the electrode carrier film;

Step S22: filling each trench with a conductive metal material to form a corresponding metal electrode;

Step S23 : sticking each metal electrode on the surface of the solar cell sheet, so that each metal electrode is electrically connected to the solar cell sheet, so that the electrode carrier film is located on the solar cell sheet.

Further, the step S22 includes: printing and filling the conductive metal paste in each groove by a printing process, and after all the grooves are filled, removing the excess conductive metal paste remaining on the surface of the electrode carrier film by a scraper , and then form a conductor in each groove; then electroplating conductive metal paste on each conductor through an electroplating process, so that each conductor extends to the area outside the electrode carrier film, thereby forming a protruding metal electrode;

Alternatively, the step S22 includes: firstly depositing a conductive metal film layer in each trench by a sputtering process, and removing the conductive metal film layer on the surface of the electrode carrier film by a grinding process after all the trenches are deposited; Then, a conductive metal paste is deposited on each conductive metal film layer through an electroplating process, so that each conductive metal film layer extends to an area outside the electrode carrier film to form a corresponding metal electrode.

Further, the step S23 includes: combining each metal electrode with a conductive substance on the surface of the solar cell sheet through a metal conductive adhesive, so that each metal electrode is electrically connected to the solar cell sheet; wherein, the The metal conductive adhesive is a conductive metal paste or a conductive tape; the conductive material on the surface of the solar cell sheet is a conductive film or a conductive metal paste.

Further, the conductive metal paste includes a combination of one or more of the following pastes: metal silver paste, metal copper paste and metal aluminum paste.

The third purpose of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize:

A decorative solar cell assembly comprising a front cover plate, a first adhesive layer, a plurality of solar cells, a second adhesive layer and a rear cover plate; wherein the solar cells are arranged on the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer; the front cover plate is arranged on the first adhesive layer, and the rear cover plate is arranged under the second adhesive layer; each solar cell is decorative as one of the objectives of the present invention. of solar cells.

Further, adjacent solar cells are connected in series by tin-coated solder tapes between the metal electrodes of the corresponding solar cells.

Further, each solar cell includes a plurality of cell slices, and edge portions of adjacent cell slices are connected in series in a stacked manner, so that each cell slice is divided into an overlapping portion and a non-overlapping portion; Adjacent cell slices are connected in series through metal electrodes corresponding to the overlapping portions of the cell slices.

Further, the thickness of the metal electrodes of the overlapping portions of the cell slices is thinner than the thickness of the metal electrodes of the non-overlapping portions of the cell slices.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The present invention improves the shape and distribution position of the metal electrodes on the battery sheet of the solar cell, so that a plurality of metal electrodes form a metal conductive pattern; the plurality of metal electrodes on the battery sheet have different characteristics under the irradiation of light. Reflection and interference characteristics make the metal conductive pattern formed by a plurality of metal electrodes present a decorative pattern, which makes the solar cell beautiful, and solves the problem in the prior art by adding a decorative beautifying film when the solar cell module is packaged. When beautifying or other shielding objects, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is reduced, and the packaging difficulty and packaging cost are reduced at the same time.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic diagram of a packaging structure of a solar cell assembly in the prior art;

2 is a schematic diagram of a metal electrode with a height difference on the solar cell provided by the present invention;

3 is a schematic diagram of a metal electrode with an angle difference on the top section of the solar cell provided by the present invention;

4 is a schematic diagram of setting a plurality of grooves on the surface of the laser transfer film provided by the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of filling conductive metal paste in the trench in FIG. 4 to form a metal conductor;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of transferring the metal conductor in FIG. 5 to a battery sheet to form a metal electrode;

7 is a schematic diagram of a color coating provided on the surface of the top of the metal electrode of the solar cell provided by the present invention;

8 is a schematic diagram of providing grooves on the surface of the electrode carrier film provided by the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a conductor formed after the conductive metal paste is filled in the trench in FIG. 8;

10 is a schematic diagram of forming a metal electrode after electroplating conductive metal paste on the conductor in FIG. 9;

11 is a schematic diagram of pasting the metal electrode formed in the groove of the electrode carrier film on the battery sheet;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of filling a conductive metal film layer in the trench in FIG. 8;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of depositing a conductive metal paste on the conductive metal film layer in FIG. 12 to form a metal electrode;

14 is one of the schematic diagrams of the packaging structure of the solar cell module provided by the present invention;

Fig. 15 is the vertical cross-sectional schematic diagram of Fig. 14;

16 is the second schematic diagram of the packaging structure of the solar cell module provided by the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of FIG. 16 .

In the figure: 101, upper glass cover plate; 102, decorative beautifying film layer; 103, first encapsulation layer; 105, solar cell; 107, second encapsulation layer; 108, lower glass cover plate; 400, metal electrode; 401 402, the first metal electrode; 403, the second metal electrode; 404, the first coloring layer; 405, the second coloring layer; 406, the conductive adhesive; 505, the groove; 504, the laser transfer Printing film; 503, first metal conductor; 600, second metal conductor; 602, electrode carrier film; 700, conductive metal film; 201, front cover plate; 203, first adhesive layer; 204, first solar cell; 205, tin-coated solder tape; 206, second solar cell; 207, second adhesive layer; 208, rear cover plate; 300, cell slice.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, on the premise of no conflict, the embodiments or technical features described below can be combined arbitrarily to form new embodiments. .

Example 1

The present invention provides a preferred embodiment, by taking into account the aesthetic requirements of the solar cell and the battery in the manufacturing process of the solar cell, so that the solar cell package formed after the solar cell package has an aesthetic appearance.

That is, the aesthetics of the solar cell can be realized through different designs of the multiple metal electrodes on the solar cell, and the series resistance of the solar cell can also be reduced, which not only ensures the aesthetics of the solar cell, but also improves the solar cell. The power generation and thermal conductivity of the components are improved, and the low-light power generation and high-temperature power generation capabilities of solar cells and battery components are improved.

Generally speaking, when the solar cell is working, when sunlight shines on the surface of the silicon wafer of the solar cell, two single forms of charge, positive or negative, are formed on the two surfaces of the silicon wafer, respectively, and the metal deposited on the surface of the silicon wafer passes through. Electrodes collect electric charge to realize external power supply. Therefore, the power generation capability, thermal conductivity, etc. of the solar cell are all associated with the metal electrodes on the solar cell sheet.

The decorative solar cell provided by the present invention not only enhances the aesthetics of the solar cell and the solar cell assembly, but also improves the solar energy The power generation capacity and thermal conductivity of battery components.

A decorative solar cell includes a solar cell sheet and a plurality of metal electrodes deposited on the solar cell sheet. Wherein, for the convenience of description herein, the solar cells are referred to as cells for short, that is, the cells described herein all refer to solar cells.

Among them, a plurality of metal electrodes are deposited on the battery sheet, and the plurality of metal electrodes form a metal conductive pattern. According to the shape of the plurality of metal electrodes and their distribution positions on the cell sheet, the plurality of metal electrodes have different reflection and interference characteristics for light, so that the metal conductance pattern formed by the plurality of metal electrodes is viewed at a preset distance. Shows a decorative pattern. The preset distance referred to in this article can be set according to the actual situation. Generally speaking, when the solar cell module is in use, it needs to be installed on the equipment or device corresponding to the height from the ground, and generate electricity by receiving sunlight; In different occasions, its height from the ground is different.

Preferably, the shape of the metal electrode includes, but is not limited to, the height, width, length, and angle of the top section and the surface of the battery sheet, etc. of the metal electrode. The distribution position of the metal electrodes refers to the distribution positions of the metal electrodes on the battery sheet. That is, by setting different shapes of the metal electrodes and setting different distribution positions of the metal electrodes on the battery sheet, multiple metal electrodes can form different metal conductive patterns, so that different metal conductive patterns appear when viewed from a preset distance. Different decorative patterns realize the aesthetics of solar cells and battery components. Since the solar cell provided by the present invention has a certain aesthetics, when the solar cell is packaged into a cell module, it is not necessary to add a decorative packaging layer or other decorative films as in the prior art to realize the cell The aesthetics of the component reduces the packaging difficulty and packaging cost.

In addition, since the metal electrode on the silicon wafer of the solar cell in the prior art only has a conductive function, in order to reduce the cost while ensuring the conductive function, the metal electrode is generally printed with metallic silver (Ag) paste. , its height is controlled within 15um ~ 25um, and each metal electrode will try to reduce the amount of metal silver paste, for example, the total consumption of metal silver paste for each cell is between 100mg ~ 200mg. Therefore, since the amount of the metal paste for the metal electrode of each cell is less, the power generation of the solar cell is reduced. In addition, since these metal electrodes only undertake the function of conducting electricity, they are generally arranged on the silicon wafer in a grid shape, and the metal electrodes do not have the function of shielding the color of the silicon wafer.

The metal electrodes on the battery sheet of the present invention not only have a conductive function, but each metal electrode has a typical meaning. The shapes of the plurality of metal electrodes and their distribution positions on the battery sheet are related to the decorative patterns presented by the metal conductive patterns. link. When sunlight irradiates the cell, the multiple metal electrodes have different reflection and interference characteristics to the light due to their corresponding shapes and distribution positions, so that the corresponding metal conductive pattern formed presents a decorative appearance. The pattern realizes the beautification function of solar cells and solar cell components.

Therefore, the present invention has certain provisions for the shape of the metal electrode, such as height, width, length, and the angle between the top section and the surface of the battery sheet, etc. Therefore, the present invention does not limit the amount of metal electrode, and it is designed according to specific design requirements. OK. Since the present invention does not limit the amount of the metal electrode, the present invention provides the possibility of using other base metals with poor electrical conductivity in the material selection of the metal electrode. That is to say, unlike the prior art, only metal silver paste can be used to prepare metal electrodes, and at the same time, metal copper (Cu) paste, metal aluminum (Al) paste, metal silver and metal paste can also be used. Copper mixed pastes or other conductive metal pastes, etc., make the limitation of the type of materials used for the metal electrodes of the battery expandable.

Therefore, the present invention not only realizes the beautification function of the solar cell, but also expands the material of the metal electrode correspondingly, which provides the possibility of using other metals with poor electrical conductivity, and also provides the possibility to reduce the preparation cost of the solar cell. , which greatly reduces the electrical conductivity requirements for the material of the metal electrode, and provides the possibility to reduce the cost of the metal electrode. In addition, since there are no restrictions on the amount and material of the metal electrode in the present invention, it is also possible to improve the power generation capacity of the solar cell.

In addition, the metal conductive pattern formed by the plurality of metal electrodes deposited on the battery sheet in the embodiments provided by the present invention is different from the image of the network shape formed by the metal electrodes on the battery sheet in the prior art. In the present invention, in the manufacturing process, the shape of the metal electrode and the distribution position on the battery sheet are designed, so that a plurality of metal electrodes can form different metal conductive patterns. The interference characteristic enables the corresponding metal conductive pattern to present decorative patterns with different textures, which greatly improves the aesthetics.

Preferably, the decorative patterns may be wood grain, marble, granite, etc., which vary according to the shapes and distribution positions of the plurality of metal electrodes on the battery sheet.

Preferably, when the metal conductive pattern presents a decorative pattern, different light and dark effects of the pattern are formed under the irradiation of light due to the different shapes and distribution positions of different metal electrodes. Specifically, such as when there is a height difference between different metal electrodes, the metal conductive pattern will form a light and dark effect of a decorative pattern under the irradiation of light; when there is an angle difference between the top sections of different metal electrodes, the metal conductive pattern The graphics will form the light and dark effects of decorative patterns under the illumination of light. That is to say, the decorative pattern formed by the metal conductive pattern under the irradiation of light is related to the shape and distribution position of the metal electrode on the battery chip. The present invention provides the following specific examples to illustrate the preparation process of the metal electrode on the battery chip. details as follows:

When there is a height difference between multiple metal electrodes: due to the different reflection and interference characteristics of metal electrodes with different heights, when sunlight irradiates the cell, the decorative pattern presented by the metal conductive pattern has different Brightness.

Preferably, as shown in FIG. 2 , there is a height difference between the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403 formed on the battery sheet 401 . According to the different preparation processes of the metal electrodes, the present invention provides the following multiple preparation methods for the preparation of the metal electrodes on the battery sheet 401, so as to make the height difference between different metal electrodes.

Preparation method 1: realizing the height difference of a plurality of metal electrodes through a screen printing process.

Preferably, this embodiment is described by the height difference between the two metal electrodes on the battery sheet 401:

As shown in FIG. 2 , in the preparation process of the battery sheet: firstly, the conductive metal paste is printed on the battery sheet 401 to form the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403; then the second metal electrode 403 is overprinted once , so that the height of the first metal electrode 402 and the height of the second metal electrode 403 are different; at this time, a height difference is generated between the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403 .

That is, the number of times of printing for the second metal electrode 403 is different from that of the first metal electrode 402 , so that the second metal electrode 403 and the first metal electrode 402 have a height difference.

That is, in the present invention, the printing times of the plurality of metal electrodes on the battery sheet 401 are different by means of multiple overprinting, so as to realize the height difference of the plurality of metal electrodes on the battery sheet 401 .

Preparation method two: realizing the height difference of different metal electrodes through an electroplating process.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the conductive metal paste is first plated on the battery sheet 401 to form the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403 ; then the second metal electrode 403 is plated again, so that the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403 are plated again. The two metal electrodes 403 have different heights; at this time, a height difference is generated between the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403 .

That is, the number of times of electroplating of different metal electrodes is different by means of multiple sets of electroplating, and the height difference of different metal electrodes is realized.

Preferably, due to the characteristics of the electroplating process, the present invention can also control the deposition speed of each metal electrode by controlling the electroplating current density of different metal electrodes during the electroplating process, so as to realize the height difference of different metal electrodes. For example: in the electroplating process, by applying different current densities to the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403, the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403 can have different growth rates; Afterwards, the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403 have different heights; at this time, a height difference is generated between the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403 .

Preferably, the height difference of different metal electrodes is greater than or equal to 60 nm. Preferably, the height difference between different metal electrodes is 60 nm˜150 nm.

In addition, the decorative pattern in the present invention is that when sunlight irradiates the battery sheet 401, due to the difference in the shape and distribution position of the metal electrodes of the battery sheet 401, the sunlight is subjected to light interference modulation, thereby forming a decorative pattern light and dark texture. The light waves of sunlight are white light waves, including a variety of visible light waves, and different visible light waves have different wavelengths. When the height difference between different metal electrodes is different, the light and dark textures formed by the light are also different.

Among them, according to the extinction formula of light interference, it can be concluded that the light with a specific wavelength of λ is incident inside the film with a refractive index of n, and the extinction effect can be achieved if nd=λ/4 is satisfied, so that the light of the specific wavelength will not be reflected again. go back. Ideally, the light would all be perfectly absorbed. Wherein, d is the thickness of the thin film material (such as the encapsulation material of the solar cell, etc.).

Assume that the wavelength of visible light is 380nm~760nm; among them, the wavelength range of red light is 760nm~622nm; the wavelength range of orange light: 622nm~597nm; the wavelength range of yellow light: 597nm~577nm; the wavelength range of green light: 577nm~492nm; the wavelength range of cyan light : 492nm～450nm; blue light wavelength range: 450nm～435nm; violet light wavelength range: 435nm～390nm.

The commonly used encapsulation materials of photovoltaic cell components, EVA, POE, and PVB, are set to have a refractive index between n=1.3 to 1.6.

When the visible light is red light, it is assumed that the refractive index of the packaging material takes the minimum value n=1.3 and the wavelength takes the maximum value λ=760. At this time, the red light is extinct (that is, absorbed), and the height difference between the metal electrodes needs to be 146nm.

When the visible light is violet light, it is assumed that the refractive index of the packaging material takes the maximum value n=1.6 and the wavelength takes the maximum value λ=760. At this time, the violet light is extinct (that is, absorbed), and the height difference between the metal electrodes needs to be 61nm.

Therefore, based on the above calculation, in the present invention, the height difference between different metal electrodes is preferably 60 nm to 150 nm.

That is to say, as long as the height difference of the different metal electrodes on the cell 401 is within 60nm-150nm, the solar cell and the solar cell module can be caused by the height difference of the metal electrodes on the cell 401 under different viewing angles. The reflection and interference characteristics of different light make the metal conductive patterns on the cell 401 present different light and dark effects, so as to realize the aesthetic function of the solar cell and the solar cell assembly.

When there is an angular difference between the top sections of multiple metal electrodes: due to the angular difference between the top sections of different metal electrodes, when sunlight irradiates the battery sheet 401, the patterns presented by the metal conductive patterns have different patterns Brightness. As shown in FIG. 3 , the top section A of the first metal electrode 402 and the top section B of the second metal electrode 403 have an angle difference.

Generally speaking, the top cross-sections of the metal electrodes in the prior art are all parallel to the surface of the battery sheet 401 . In the present invention, there is a certain angle between the top section of different metal electrodes and the surface of the battery sheet 401, so that when the light is irradiated on the battery sheet 401, the top section of the metal electrode has a certain angle relative to the surface of the battery sheet 401. The inclined angle will make the metal conductive pattern show corresponding light and dark effects.

Preferably, according to the different preparation processes of the metal electrodes, the present invention provides the following multiple preparation methods for the preparation of the metal electrodes on the battery sheet 401, so that there is an angle difference between the top sections of different metal electrodes:

Preparation method three: realize the angle difference of the top cross-sections of the plurality of metal electrodes through a laser transfer process.

As shown in Figure 4-6, the third preparation method includes the following steps:

First, a plurality of grooves 505 of various shapes are provided on the surface of the laser transfer film 504 . The bottom section of the groove 505 and the surface of the laser transfer film 504 have a certain angle (the angle is greater than zero); that is, there is an angle difference between the bottom sections of different grooves 505 . Among them, in this embodiment, a plurality of grooves 505 are provided on the laser transfer film 504 through a metal tool grooving process or a die lamination process.

Then, each trench 505 is filled with conductive metal paste.

Then, the excess conductive metal paste on the surface of the laser transfer film 504 is scraped off, thereby forming the first metal conductors 503 formed in each groove 505 .

Finally, the first metal conductors 503 formed in each groove 505 are transferred to the surface of the battery sheet 401 through a laser heating process, and then a plurality of metal electrodes 400 are formed on the battery sheet 401 .

Since the bottom sections of the different trenches 505 have angular differences, the top sections of the first metal conductors 503 formed in the trenches 505 also have angular differences. The top sections of the metal electrodes 400 formed when the first metal conductors 503 in the grooves 505 are transferred to the surface of the battery sheet 401 also have an angle difference between them.

It can be seen from the above that when the metal electrodes 400 are prepared on the battery sheet 401 by the laser transfer process, the shape of each metal electrode 400 is the same as the shape of the first metal conductor 503 formed in the corresponding groove 505 and the shape of the corresponding groove 505 same shape.

When the depths of the plurality of trenches 505 on the laser transfer film 504 are different, the heights of the correspondingly formed metal electrodes 400 are also different. Therefore, the preparation method is also applicable to the height differences of different metal electrodes 400 . Therefore, the third preparation method is also applicable to the preparation of the metal electrodes 400 , so that a height difference is formed between different metal electrodes 400 on the battery sheet 401 .

Similar to the first preparation method or the second preparation method, the present invention can also realize the angle difference of the top cross-sections of different metal electrodes 400 by means of multiple overprinting.

Similar to the preparation method, this embodiment also provides another preparation method. As shown in FIG. 8-13 , not only the height difference of different metal electrodes 400 can be realized through the electrode carrier film 602 , but also the different metal electrodes 400 can be realized. The angle difference of the top section. Preparation method four includes the following:

First, various shapes of trenches 505 are fabricated on the electrode carrier film 602 . Similarly, similar to the laser transfer printing process, grooves 505 of various shapes can be carved on the electrode carrier film 602 through a metal tool grooving process or a die lamination process. The shape of the trench 505 includes the depth of the trench 505 , the angle between the bottom section of the trench 505 and the surface of the electrode carrier film 602 , and the size of the trench 505 .

Then, a conductive metal paste is filled in each trench 505 and a corresponding metal electrode 400 is formed.

Finally, each metal electrode 400 is pasted on the cell sheet 401 to form a solar cell.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the metal electrode 400 is combined with the conductive substance on the surface of the battery sheet 401 through the metal conductive adhesive 406 , so that the metal electrode 400 is fixed on the surface of the battery sheet 401 to form a solar cell.

The metal conductive adhesive 406 is a conductive metal paste or a conductive tape. The conductive material on the surface of the battery sheet 401 may be a conductive film or a conductive metal paste. The conductive metal paste is a combination of one or more of metal silver paste, metal copper paste, metal aluminum paste and other metal pastes. Due to the expansion of the material types of the metal electrode 400, the conductive metal paste used in the preparation process can also be expanded accordingly.

Further, according to the process of filling the conductive metal paste in the grooves 505 of the electrode carrier film 602 , the following two solutions are also adopted when filling the conductive metal pastes in the grooves 505 of the electrode carrier film 602 .

Scheme 1: As shown in Figures 9-10, filling the conductive metal paste in the grooves 505 of the electrode carrier film 602 specifically includes:

First, the conductive metal paste is printed and filled in each groove 505 by a printing process, and after all the grooves 505 are filled, the excess conductive metal paste remaining on the surface of the electrode carrier film 602 is removed by a scraper, and then the conductive metal paste is removed in each groove 505 by a squeegee. A second metal conductor 600 is formed in each of the trenches 505 .

Then, a conductive metal paste is plated on each of the second metal conductors 600 through an electroplating process, so that each of the second metal conductors 600 extends to an area outside the electrode carrier film 602 , thereby forming a protruding metal electrode 400 .

Option 2: As shown in FIGS. 12-13 , filling the conductive metal paste in the grooves 505 of the electrode carrier film 602 specifically includes:

First, a conductive metal paste is deposited in each trench 505 by a sputtering process, and a conductive metal film layer 700 is formed in the trench 505, and when all the trenches 505 are deposited, the electrode carrier film 602 is polished by polishing The excess conductive metal paste on the surface is removed.

Then, a conductive metal paste is deposited on the conductive metal film layer 700 in each trench 505 by an electroplating process, so that the conductive metal film layer 700 extends to the area outside the electrode carrier film 602 , thereby forming the protruding metal electrode 400 .

Preferably, a colored layer is further provided on the surface of the top of one or more metal electrodes 400 . By coating the top surfaces of the different metal electrodes 400 with corresponding colored layers, the top surfaces of the different metal electrodes 400 have different colors, thereby realizing the aesthetic function of the battery sheet 401 .

As shown in FIG. 7 , the top surface of the first metal electrode 402 is colored to form a first colored layer 404 . The top surface of the second metal electrode 403 is colored to form a second colored layer 405 . The colors of the first colored layer 405 and the second colored layer 404 may be the same or different. Wherein, the coloring method for the surface of the top of the metal electrode 400 is realized by the rubbing technique. The rubbing technique is preferably the rubbing technique of the inscriptions in Xi'an Forest of Steles.

In the present invention, metal conductive patterns are formed by depositing a plurality of metal electrodes 400 on the battery sheet 401; It solves the problem of reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell, increasing the packaging cost of the battery, and the difficulty of packaging when the solar cell and the solar cell module are decorative and beautiful in the prior art. question.

At the same time, since the metal electrodes 400 in the present invention not only have a conductive function, but each metal electrode 400 has a typical meaning, and the present invention does not limit the amount of the paste of the metal electrodes 400, the paste of the metal electrodes 400 is not limited to The metal silver paste used in the prior art can also be other base metals with poor electrical conductivity, which reduces the electrical conductivity requirement for the material of the metal electrode 400 and provides the possibility to reduce the cost of the metal electrode 400 .

In addition, the present invention can greatly reduce the series resistance of the solar cell and improve the low-amplitude power generation performance when the metal electrode 400 is made by using other metal copper, metal aluminum, etc. with poor electrical conductivity; at the same time, since the metal electrode 400 is added The amount of the paste can greatly improve the power generation capacity of the solar cell, and also help to improve the heat dissipation performance of the solar cell.

Preferably, the battery provided by the present invention can be directed to any one of the following types of batteries: heterojunction battery, black silicon battery, PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell, emitter and backside passivation battery) battery, TOPCON (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact, passivated contact battery) battery and the stacked battery composed of the above battery and other thin film batteries, etc., the above battery can adopt the structure and preparation method of the decorative solar battery provided by the present invention to realize the solar battery. beautify. Among them, the thin film battery is preferably a perovskite thin film battery, a sulfide thin film battery, or the like.

Embodiment 2

Based on the solar cell provided in the first embodiment, the present invention also provides another embodiment, a solar cell assembly, as shown in FIGS. 14-17 , comprising a front cover plate 201 , a first adhesive layer 203 , a solar cell , the second adhesive layer 207 and the rear cover 208 .

The solar cell is arranged between the first adhesive layer 203 and the second adhesive layer 207 , the front cover plate 201 is arranged above the first adhesive layer 203 , and the rear cover plate 208 is arranged on the second adhesive layer 207 . below.

Preferably, the first adhesive layer 203 and the second adhesive layer 207 are made of EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), POE (Polyolefin elastomer, polyolefin elastomer) or PVB (polyvinyl butyral, polyethylene Butyral) material that can bond different parts together during the packaging of battery components.

Preferably, both the front cover plate 201 and the rear cover plate 208 are glass cover plates.

Preferably, the solar cell is the decorative solar cell provided in the first embodiment. It can be seen from FIG. 1 and FIG. 14 that in the prior art, a decorative beautification film layer 102 is added between the upper glass cover plate 101 and the first encapsulation layer 103 in order to increase the aesthetics of the solar cell module.

The solar cell used in the solar cell module of the present invention is the decorative solar cell provided in this embodiment. Therefore, the solar cell module provided by the present invention does not need to be placed between the front cover 201 and the first adhesive layer 203. A decorative and beautifying film layer 102 is added in between, but the metal conductive pattern formed by a plurality of metal electrodes presents patterns with different textures and decorative features, so as to realize the aesthetic function of the solar cell and greatly reduce the packaging cost of the solar cell module. and packaging difficulty.

Preferably, there are multiple solar cells, and adjacent solar cells are electrically connected. The number of solar cells is 2n. Among them, n is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.

In this embodiment, two solar cells are used to specifically describe the connection between the solar cells. Specifically, it is assumed that there are two solar cells, which are set as the first solar cell 204 and the second solar cell 206 respectively, and the first solar cell 204 It is electrically connected to the second solar cell 206 .

As shown in FIGS. 14-15 , the first solar cell 204 and the second solar cell 206 are connected in series through tin-coated solder tapes 205 between the metal electrodes on the corresponding solar cells.

That is to say, the adjacent solar cells are connected in series through the tin-coated solder tapes 205 between the metal electrodes on the corresponding solar cells, so that a plurality of solar cells are connected in series, and then the first adhesive layer 203, The second adhesive layer 207 bonds a plurality of solar cells together, and finally encapsulates the front cover plate 201 and the rear cover plate 208 to form a solar cell assembly.

Preferably, the tin-coated solder tapes 205 between the metal electrodes are in a zigzag shape, so that the metal electrodes on adjacent solar cells are connected in series.

Second, as shown in FIGS. 16-17 , the first solar cell 204 and the second solar cell 206 are both divided into a plurality of cell slices 300 .

A plurality of cell slices 300 are connected in series in a stacked manner. That is, the edge portions of adjacent cell slices 300 are connected in series in a stacked manner, so that each cell slice 300 is divided into an overlapping portion and a non-overlapping portion; and the adjacent cell slices 300 pass through corresponding The metal electrodes of the overlapping portions of the cell slices 300 are electrically connected. Preferably, the metal electrodes of the two cell slices 300 can be electrically connected by coating conductive glue on the metal electrodes of the overlapping portions of the cell slices 300 .

Preferably, in the present invention, the thickness of the metal electrodes in the overlapping portions of the cell slices 300 is thinner than the thickness of the metal electrodes in the non-overlapping portions of the cell slices 300 .

The thickness of the metal electrodes can be accomplished through the aforementioned electroplating process, screen printing process, and the like. That is, by designing the different positions of each metal electrode on the cell and the shape of each metal electrode during the manufacturing process of the cell, after the cell is packaged into a solar cell module, the solar cell is Components have a certain decorative beautification effect.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention. Scope of protection claimed.

Claims (18)

1. The solar cell with the decoration function is characterized by comprising a solar cell sheet and a plurality of metal electrodes deposited on the solar cell sheet; according to the shape of the plurality of metal electrodes and the distribution positions of the plurality of metal electrodes on the solar cell sheet, the plurality of metal electrodes have different reflections and interferences to light, so that a metal conductive pattern formed by the plurality of metal electrodes presents a decorative pattern when viewed from a preset distance.

2. The solar cell with decoration according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the metal electrode comprises the height, width, length, and angle of the top section of the metal electrode to the surface of the solar cell sheet.

3. The decorative solar cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height difference between the plurality of metal electrodes ranges from 60nm to 150 nm.

4. The decorative solar cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surface of the top of one or more metal electrodes is provided with a color coating.

5. The ornamental solar cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solar cell comprises any one of the following cells: heterojunction cell, black silicon cell, PERC cell, TOPCON cell and laminated cell composed of the above cell and other thin film cell.

6. The decorative solar cell of claim 1, wherein the metal electrode is comprised of any one or more of the following metals: metallic silver, metallic copper and metallic aluminum.

7. A method of manufacturing a solar cell with decoration according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method of manufacturing comprises:

in the process of screen printing of the solar cell, different metal electrodes are printed for corresponding times in a manner of overprinting, so that the metal electrodes on the solar cell have height differences;

or in the electroplating process of the solar cell, the deposition speed of different metal electrodes is controlled by controlling the current density of electroplating, so that the metal electrodes on the solar cell have height difference;

or in the electroplating process of the solar cell, electroplating different metal electrodes for corresponding times in a register electroplating mode, so that the metal electrodes on the solar cell have height differences.

8. A method of manufacturing a solar cell with decoration according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method of manufacturing comprises:

step S11: forming a plurality of grooves in various shapes on the laser transfer film;

step S12: filling conductive metal slurry in each groove to form a corresponding metal electrode, and scraping redundant conductive metal slurry on the surface of the laser transfer printing film;

step S13: and transferring the metal electrode in each groove onto the surface of the solar cell piece through a laser heating process.

9. The method for manufacturing a solar cell with a decorative effect as claimed in claim 8, wherein the step S12 includes: firstly, printing and filling conductive metal slurry in each groove by a printing process, and removing residual redundant conductive metal slurry on the surface of the electrode carrier film by a scraper after all grooves are filled, thereby forming a conductor in each groove; each conductor is then electroplated with a conductive metal paste by an electroplating process such that each conductor extends to an area outside the electrode carrier film to form a corresponding metal electrode.

10. The method of claim 8 wherein the conductive metal paste comprises a combination of one or more of the following pastes: metal silver paste, metal copper paste and metal aluminum paste.

11. A method of manufacturing a solar cell with decoration according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method of manufacturing comprises:

step S21: providing a plurality of grooves forming various shapes on the electrode carrier film;

step S22: filling a conductive metal material in each groove to form a corresponding metal electrode;

step S23: and adhering each metal electrode on the surface of the solar cell piece, so that each metal electrode is electrically connected with the solar cell piece, and further an electrode carrier film is positioned on the solar cell piece.

12. The method for manufacturing a solar cell with a decorative effect as claimed in claim 11, wherein the step S22 includes: printing and filling conductive metal slurry in each groove by a printing process, and removing residual redundant conductive metal slurry on the surface of the electrode carrier film by a scraper after all the grooves are filled, thereby forming a conductor in each groove; then, electroplating conductive metal slurry on each conductor by an electroplating process to enable each conductor to extend to the region outside the electrode carrier film, and further forming a protruding metal electrode;

alternatively, the step S22 includes: firstly, depositing a conductive metal film layer in each groove by a sputtering process, and removing the conductive metal film layer on the surface of the electrode carrier film by a grinding process after the deposition of all the grooves is finished; and then depositing conductive metal slurry on each conductive metal film layer through an electroplating process so that each conductive metal film layer extends to the region outside the electrode carrier film to form a corresponding metal electrode.

13. The method for manufacturing a solar cell with a decorative effect as claimed in claim 11, wherein the step S23 includes: combining each metal electrode with a conductive substance on the surface of the solar cell piece through a metal conductive adhesive so that each metal electrode is electrically connected with the solar cell piece; wherein the metal conductive adhesive is conductive metal paste or conductive adhesive tape; the conductive substance on the surface of the solar cell is a conductive film or conductive metal slurry.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein the conductive metal paste comprises a combination of one or more of the following pastes: metal silver paste, metal copper paste and metal aluminum paste.

15. A solar cell module with decoration, characterized in that the solar cell module comprises a front cover plate, a first adhesive layer, a plurality of solar cells, a second adhesive layer and a back cover plate; the solar cell is arranged between the first bonding layer and the second bonding layer; the front cover plate is arranged on the first bonding layer, and the rear cover plate is arranged below the second bonding layer; each solar cell is the solar cell with decoration according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

16. The ornamental solar cell module as claimed in claim 15, wherein the adjacent solar cells are connected in series by a solder-coated ribbon between the metal electrodes of the corresponding solar cells.

17. The decorative solar cell module as claimed in claim 15, wherein each solar cell comprises a plurality of cell slices, and edge portions of adjacent cell slices are connected in series in a stacked manner such that each cell slice is divided into an overlapping portion and a non-overlapping portion; the adjacent cell slices are connected in series by metal electrodes corresponding to the overlapped portions of the cell slices.

18. The solar cell module with decoration according to claim 17, wherein the thickness of the metal electrode of the overlapped part of the cut cell slice is thinner than that of the metal electrode of the non-overlapped part of the cut cell slice.

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