CN111647795A - Cold-rolled die steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cold-rolled die steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111647795A CN111647795A CN202010351780.XA CN202010351780A CN111647795A CN 111647795 A CN111647795 A CN 111647795A CN 202010351780 A CN202010351780 A CN 202010351780A CN 111647795 A CN111647795 A CN 111647795A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cold-rolled die steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the cold-rolled die steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.95-1.2%, Ni: 0.15-0.38%, Si: 0.02-0.16%, P: 0.05 to 0.08%, Mo: 0.3 to 0.47%, Zr: 1.11-1.28%, Ta: 0.02-0.14 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements, the cold-rolled die steel test bar has excellent mechanical properties, the highest hardness of the cold-rolled die steel test bar reaches above 242HB, the tensile strength of the cold-rolled die steel test bar is 710Mpa, and the elongation of the cold-rolled die steel test bar reaches 13.9 percent, so that the wear resistance, the impact toughness and the hardness of the cold-rolled die steel test bar are balanced, the hardness and the wear resistance are improved, and meanwhile, a certain impact toughness is realized, and the smooth operation of a stamping process is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a die steel, in particular to a cold-rolled die steel.
Background
Alloy die steel can be classified into cold-rolled die steel, hot-work die steel and plastic die steel, wherein the cold-rolled die steel is mainly used for manufacturing various dies for press-forming metal materials at room temperature.
Compared with cutting tool steel, the cold-rolled die steel requires high hardness and wear resistance, high bending strength and enough toughness of the die to ensure smooth stamping process, and is different in that the cold-rolled die steel is complex in die shape and processing technology, large in friction area and high in wear possibility, so that the cold-rolled die steel is difficult to grind. Therefore, the normal scrap of cold rolling dies is generally due to wear and premature failure due to fracture, chipping and deformation. However, it is often difficult to simultaneously optimize wear resistance, impact toughness and hardness for the same steel grade, often the worst impact toughness performance is usually obtained when hardness is optimized, while wear resistance is affected by both hardness and impact toughness, while toughness ensures stability and safety of the wear process.
At present, when Cr12 type steel or high-speed steel is used as a cold rolling die, a prominent problem is that the steel has high brittleness and is easy to crack in use, and therefore, the chemical components of the existing steel need to be improved to develop a new steel type.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides cold-rolled die steel and a preparation method thereof, which are characterized in that metal elements such as Zr, Ta and the like are added through adjusting the chemical components of the prior cold-rolled die steel, and the proportion of each component is limited, so that the wear resistance, the impact toughness and the hardness of the cold-rolled die steel are balanced, the hardness and the wear resistance are improved, meanwhile, a certain impact toughness is realized, and the smooth operation of a stamping process is ensured.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a cold-rolled die steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
c: 0.95-1.2%, Ni: 0.15-0.38%, Si: 0.02-0.16%, P: 0.05 to 0.08%, Mo: 0.3 to 0.47%, Zr: 1.11-1.28%, Ta: 0.02-0.14%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
Preferably, C is 0.95%, Ni is 0.26%, Si is 0.10%, P is 0.05%, Mo is 0.3-0.41%, Zr is 1.16%, and Ta is 0.10%.
Further, the invention provides a preparation method of cold-rolled die steel, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) proportioning according to the mass percentage of the components contained in the cold-rolled die steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace at the smelting temperature of 1700-1800 ℃, the smelting time of 2-2.5h, blowing argon, stirring and refining for 1-2h to obtain primary molten steel;
(2) vacuum degassing the primary molten steel at 1700-1800 ℃ under 70-80Pa for 25-30min to obtain high-purity molten steel;
(3) casting high-purity molten steel at the temperature of 1600-;
(4) remelting the consumable electrode bar by adopting a vacuum consumable remelting furnace, wherein the remelting voltage is 60-65V, and the current is 10000-11000A, so as to obtain a steel ingot;
(5) annealing the steel ingot at the constant temperature of 800-900 ℃ for 14-18h, and forging at the temperature of 1000-1100 ℃ to obtain a forged material;
(6) annealing the forged material at the temperature of 800-900 ℃ for 10-14h to obtain the cold-rolled die steel.
Preferably, in the method for preparing the cold-rolled die steel, the primary molten steel is degassed in vacuum at 1700 ℃ under 80Pa for 30min to obtain high-purity molten steel.
Preferably, the high-purity molten steel is cast at 1700 ℃, annealed at 850 ℃ for 12h, cooled to 400 ℃, and then kept stand and cooled to room temperature, so as to obtain the electric slag rod.
The function of each element of the invention is as follows:
C：0.95-1.2％：
the main strengthening elements in the steel, elements imparting quench-tempering hardness and improving wear resistance, should be not less than 0.95% in the present invention in order to ensure sufficient precipitation of carbides, but the precipitation of excessive carbides will affect the toughness and workability of the steel, so the upper limit of the addition thereof is limited to 1.2%, preferably 0.95%.
Ni：0.15-0.38％：
Ni has magnetism, good plasticity and good corrosion resistance, can obviously increase the toughness of steel, and the adding amount of the Ni is controlled to be 0.15-0.38 percent in order to improve the toughness of cold-rolled die steel, and the Ni is preferably 0.26 percent.
Si：0.02-0.16％：
Si is used as deoxidizing element, no carbide is formed in steel, it can be dissolved in ferrite to affect the strength property of steel, and it can remove oxygen in metal, the content of Si is controlled in the invention to 0.02-0.16%, and the content of Si is 0.10%.
P：0.05-0.08％：
P can improve the strength, hardness and corrosion resistance of the steel, but obviously reduces the plasticity and property of the steel, particularly obviously reduces the impact toughness in a low-temperature state, and makes the steel easy to crack, so the adding amount of the invention is less and is controlled between 0.05 and 0.08 percent, preferably, P is 0.05 percent.
Mo：0.3-0.47％：
Since Mo is an alloying element in steel and increases the strength of steel at high temperatures to improve the strength, particularly the high-temperature strength and toughness, the amount of Mo added in the present invention is 0.3 to 0.47%, preferably 0.3 to 0.41%.
Zr：1.11-1.28％：
Zr is a powerful deoxidizing and denitriding effect, and the hardness and the strength of the steel can be obviously improved by adding 1.11-1.28% of Zr in the invention, preferably, the Zr is 1.16%.
Ta：0.02-0.14％：
Ta has extremely high corrosion resistance, and 0.02 to 0.14% of Ta is added in the present invention, and the corrosion resistance effect is better than that of Cu, and preferably, Ta is 0.10%.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the cold-rolled die steel test bar prepared by the invention has excellent mechanical properties, wherein the cold-rolled die steel provided by the third embodiment has the best effect, and the hardness is more than 242HB, the tensile strength is 710Mpa, and the elongation is 13.9% under the mixture ratio of 0.95% of C, 0.26% of Ni, 0.10% of Si, 0.05% of P, 0.3% of Mo, 1.16% of Zr, 0.10% of Ta and the balance of Fe in percentage by mass.
(2) According to the invention, through adjusting the chemical components of the existing cold-rolled die steel, metal elements such as Zr, Ta and the like are added, and the proportion of each component is limited, so that the wear resistance, impact toughness and hardness of the cold-rolled die steel are balanced, the hardness and wear resistance are improved, and meanwhile, the cold-rolled die steel has certain impact toughness, and the smooth operation of a stamping process is ensured.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the specific material ratios, process conditions and results thereof described in the examples are illustrative only and should not be taken as limiting the invention as detailed in the claims.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a cold-rolled die steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.95%, Ni: 0.15%, Si: 0.02%, P: 0.05%, Mo: 0.3%, Zr: 1.11%, Ta: 0.02 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent.
In the embodiment, the preparation method of the cold-rolled die steel comprises the following specific steps: preparing materials according to the mass percent of the components contained in the cold-rolled die steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace at the smelting temperature of 1700 ℃ for 2 hours, blowing argon, stirring and refining for 1 hour to obtain primary molten steel; vacuum degassing the primary molten steel at 1700 ℃ under 70Pa for 25min to obtain high-purity molten steel; casting high-purity molten steel at 1600 ℃, annealing at 850 ℃ for 12h, cooling to 400 ℃, standing and cooling to room temperature to obtain a slag rod; remelting the consumable electrode bar by adopting a vacuum consumable remelting furnace, wherein the remelting voltage is 60V, and the current is 10000A, so that a steel ingot is obtained; annealing the steel ingot at the constant temperature of 800 ℃ for 14h, and forging at the temperature of 1000 ℃ to obtain a forged material; and annealing the forged material at 800 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain the cold-rolled die steel.
Example two:
a cold-rolled die steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 1.05%, Ni: 0.28%, Si: 0.09%, P: 0.06%, Mo: 0.41%, Zr: 1.15%, Ta: 0.07 percent of the total weight of the components, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent.
In the embodiment, the preparation method of the cold-rolled die steel comprises the following specific steps: preparing materials according to the mass percent of the components contained in the cold-rolled die steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace at the smelting temperature of 1800 ℃ for 2 hours, blowing argon, stirring and refining for 2 hours to obtain primary molten steel; vacuum degassing the primary molten steel at 1765 ℃ under 75Pa for 28min to obtain high-purity molten steel; casting high-purity molten steel at 1640 ℃, annealing at 850 ℃ for 14h, cooling to 480 ℃, standing and cooling to room temperature to obtain an electric slag rod; remelting the consumable electrode bar by adopting a vacuum consumable remelting furnace, wherein the remelting voltage is 60V, and the current is 10000A, so that a steel ingot is obtained; annealing the steel ingot at the constant temperature of 800 ℃ for 17 hours, and forging at the temperature of 1000 ℃ to obtain a forged material; and annealing the forged material at 900 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain the cold-rolled die steel.
Example three:
a cold-rolled die steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.95%, Ni: 0.26%, Si: 0.10%, P: 0.05, Mo: 0.3, Zr: 1.16%, Ta: 0.10 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent.
In the embodiment, the preparation method of the cold-rolled die steel comprises the following specific steps: preparing materials according to the mass percent of the components contained in the cold-rolled die steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace at the smelting temperature of 1700 ℃ for 2 hours, blowing argon, stirring and refining for 1.5 hours to obtain primary molten steel; vacuum degassing the primary molten steel at 1700 ℃ under 80Pa for 30min to obtain high-purity molten steel; casting high-purity molten steel at 1700 ℃, annealing at 850 ℃ for 12h, cooling to 400 ℃, standing and cooling to room temperature to obtain a slag rod; remelting the consumable electrode bar by adopting a vacuum consumable remelting furnace, wherein the remelting voltage is 60V, and the current is 10000A, so that a steel ingot is obtained; annealing the steel ingot at the constant temperature of 850 ℃ for 15h, and forging at the temperature of 1000 ℃ to obtain a forged material; and annealing the forged material at 800 ℃ for 14h to obtain the cold-rolled die steel.
Example four:
a cold-rolled die steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 1.1%, Ni: 0.35%, Si: 0.13%, P: 0.07%, Mo: 0.44%, Zr: 1.15%, Ta: 0.13 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent.
In the embodiment, the preparation method of the cold-rolled die steel comprises the following specific steps: proportioning the components according to the mass percentage of the components contained in the cold-rolled die steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace at the smelting temperature of 1750 ℃ for 2.2h, blowing argon, stirring and refining for 1.5h to obtain primary molten steel; vacuum degassing the primary molten steel at 1700 ℃ under 80Pa for 30min to obtain high-purity molten steel; casting high-purity molten steel at 1600 ℃, annealing at 850 ℃ for 12-15h, cooling to 450 ℃, standing and cooling to room temperature to obtain an electric slag rod; remelting the consumable electrode bar by adopting a vacuum consumable remelting furnace, wherein the remelting voltage is 60V, and the current is 11000A to obtain a steel ingot; annealing the steel ingot at the constant temperature of 900 ℃ for 17h, and forging at the temperature of 1100 ℃ to obtain a forged material; and (3) annealing the forged material at 880 ℃ for 13h to obtain the cold-rolled die steel.
Example five:
a cold-rolled die steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
c: 1.2%, Ni: 0.38%, Si: 0.16%, P: 0.08%, Mo: 0.47%, Zr: 1.28%, Ta: 0.14 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent.
In the embodiment, the preparation method of the cold-rolled die steel comprises the following specific steps: preparing materials according to the mass percent of the components contained in the cold-rolled die steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace at the smelting temperature of 1800 ℃ for 2.5h, blowing argon, stirring and refining for 2h to obtain primary molten steel; vacuum degassing the primary molten steel at 1800 ℃ under 80Pa for 30min to obtain high-purity molten steel; casting high-purity molten steel at 1700 ℃, annealing at 850 ℃ for 15h, cooling to 500 ℃, standing and cooling to room temperature to obtain a slag rod; remelting the consumable electrode bar by adopting a vacuum consumable remelting furnace, wherein the remelting voltage is 65V, and the current is 11000A to obtain a steel ingot; annealing the steel ingot at the constant temperature of 900 ℃ for 18h, and forging at the temperature of 1100 ℃ to obtain a forged material; and annealing the forged material at 900 ℃ for 14h to obtain the cold-rolled die steel.
Example six:
the cold rolled die steels of examples one to five were cast into test bars and their mechanical properties were measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: mechanical properties of the Cold-rolled die Steel test bars of examples one to five
| Serial number | Hardness HB | Tensile strength Mpa | Elongation percentage% |
| Example one | 102 | 540 | 11 |
| Example two | 98 | 680 | 10 |
| EXAMPLE III | 242 | 710 | 13.9 |
| Example four | 219 | 574 | 10.6 |
| EXAMPLE five | 137 | 702 | 10.2 |
| Commercially available Cr12 shaped steel | 110 | 550 | 12.0 |
The hardness measuring method comprises the following steps: according to GB/T230.1.
As is apparent from Table 1, the cold-rolled die steel test bars prepared in examples one to five of the present invention are superior in mechanical properties to commercially available Cr12 type steel, and among them, the cold-rolled die steel provided in example three is the most effective, having a hardness of 242HB or more at the highest, a tensile strength of 710MPa, and an elongation of 13.9%.
In conclusion, the technical scheme provided by the invention enables the wear resistance, the impact toughness and the hardness of the cold-rolled die steel to be balanced, improves the hardness and the wear resistance, simultaneously enables the cold-rolled die steel to have certain impact toughness, and ensures the smooth operation of the stamping process.
Claims (5)
1. A cold-rolled die steel is characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.95-1.2%, Ni: 0.15-0.38%, Si: 0.02-0.16%, P: 0.05 to 0.08%, Mo: 0.3 to 0.47%, Zr: 1.11-1.28%, Ta: 0.02-0.14%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
2. The cold-rolled die steel according to claim 1, wherein: 0.95% of C, 0.26% of Ni, 0.10% of Si, 0.05% of P, 0.3% of Mo, 1.16% of Zr and 0.10% of Ta.
3. A cold-rolled die steel according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the cold-rolled die steel comprises the following specific steps:
(1) proportioning according to the mass percentage of the components contained in the cold-rolled die steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace at the smelting temperature of 1700-1800 ℃, the smelting time of 2-2.5h, blowing argon, stirring and refining for 1-2h to obtain primary molten steel;
(2) vacuum degassing the primary molten steel at 1700-1800 ℃ under 70-80Pa for 25-30min to obtain high-purity molten steel;
(3) casting high-purity molten steel at the temperature of 1600-;
(4) remelting the consumable electrode bar by adopting a vacuum consumable remelting furnace, wherein the remelting voltage is 60-65V, and the current is 10000-11000A, so as to obtain a steel ingot;
(5) annealing the steel ingot at the constant temperature of 800-900 ℃ for 14-18h, and forging at the temperature of 1000-1100 ℃ to obtain a forged material;
(6) annealing the forged material at the temperature of 800-900 ℃ for 10-14h to obtain the cold-rolled die steel.
4. A cold-rolled die steel according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the preparation method of the cold-rolled die steel, the primary molten steel is subjected to vacuum degassing for 30min at 1700 ℃ under 80Pa to obtain high-purity molten steel.
5. A cold-rolled die steel according to claim 3, characterized in that: according to the preparation method of the cold-rolled die steel, high-purity molten steel is cast at 1700 ℃, annealed at 850 ℃ for 12h, cooled to 400 ℃, and then kept stand and cooled to room temperature, so that the electroslag rod is obtained.
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| CN106148809A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-23 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of high-elongation mould steel and preparation method thereof |
| WO2016184926A1 (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2016-11-24 | Rovalma, S.A. | Method for the construction of bearings |
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2020
- 2020-04-29 CN CN202010351780.XA patent/CN111647795B/en active Active
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| CN102369304A (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2012-03-07 | 罗瓦玛股份公司 | Hot working tool steel with excellent toughness and thermal conductivity |
| EP2492366A1 (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2012-08-29 | Rovalma, S.A. | Hot work tool steel with outstanding toughness and thermal conductivity |
| EP2662462A1 (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2013-11-13 | Valls Besitz GmbH | Low temperature hardenable steels with excellent machinability |
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Granted publication date: 20220304 Pledgee: Bank of China Limited Zhangshu sub branch Pledgor: Zhangshu Xinglonggao New Materials Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980056538 |
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Denomination of invention: A cold-rolled die steel and its preparation method Granted publication date: 20220304 Pledgee: Bank of China Limited Zhangshu sub branch Pledgor: Zhangshu Xinglonggao New Materials Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980038977 |
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