CN111638235A - XACT-based radioactive waste solidification structure detection method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于XACT的放射性废物固化结构检测方法，针对现有放射性废物固化结构体检测技术的不足，本发明提供了一种基于XACT的放射性废物固化结构性能检测的方法，其包括利用XACT检测，声波信号相似比较计算，通过XACT检测所制标样得到的数据制作标准数据库，利用声波相似比较工具对待判定的数据与所建立的标准数据库中数据逐一进行相似比较计算，实现快速判断放射性废物固化体结构性能是否满足行业和国家的标准，来改善传统检测方式的耗时耗力问题和减少因固化体遗漏和损坏引起的放射性废物固化体的放射性泄露而造成对人类和环境的放射性危害。
The invention discloses a method for detecting the solidified structure of radioactive waste based on XACT. In view of the deficiencies of the existing detection technology for the solidified structure of radioactive waste, the invention provides a method for detecting the performance of the solidified structure of radioactive waste based on XACT, which comprises using XACT detection, sonic signal similarity comparison calculation, make a standard database with the data obtained from the standard samples prepared by XACT detection, and use the sonic similarity comparison tool to compare the data to be determined with the data in the established standard database one by one. Whether the structural performance of the solidified waste meets the industry and national standards to improve the time-consuming and labor-intensive problems of traditional detection methods and reduce the radioactive leakage of the solidified radioactive waste caused by the omission and damage of the solidified body. .
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及放射性废物检测领域，尤其涉及一种基于XACT的放射性废物固化结构检测方法。The invention relates to the field of radioactive waste detection, in particular to an XACT-based detection method for the solidified structure of radioactive waste.
背景技术Background technique
1991年美国亚利桑那大学的Bowen等人检测到了水在X射线照射下产生的超声波，基于X射线的光声效应研究慢慢得到了关注，直到2013年由俄克拉荷马大学的Xiang团队首次提出了X射线激发的声学断层成像技术X-ray Induced Acoustic ComputedTomography，XACT)，它是利用光学和声学传播结合的原理，具体为：物质被脉冲光照射时，物质会吸收脉冲光的能量引起短暂的温度上升导致该区域的热膨胀，从而产生向外辐射的超声波现象，其本质是包括光热和热声过程的两种转换，而产生的超声波在向外辐射传播的过程当中会表达出物质内部的组织结构和性能参数，也正是这样我们可以实现对放射性固体结构体的无损检测。In 1991, Bowen et al. of the University of Arizona detected the ultrasonic waves generated by water under X-ray irradiation, and the study of photoacoustic effects based on X-rays gradually attracted attention until it was first proposed by the Xiang team of the University of Oklahoma in 2013. X-ray Induced Acoustic Computed Tomography (XACT), which uses the principle of combining optics and acoustic propagation, specifically: when a material is irradiated by pulsed light, the material will absorb the energy of the pulsed light and cause a short temperature The rise causes the thermal expansion of the area, resulting in the phenomenon of ultrasonic waves radiating outward. Its essence includes two conversions of photothermal and thermoacoustic processes, and the generated ultrasonic waves will express the internal organization of the material in the process of outward radiation propagation. Structural and performance parameters, and this is how we can achieve non-destructive testing of radioactive solid structures.
放射性废物是含有放射性核素或被放射性核素污染，其浓度或活度大于国家审管部门规定的清洁解控水平，并且预计不再利用的物质。其主要来源于核燃料生产、反应堆运行、核燃料后处理以及核设施退役等过程，而放射性废物不恰当的管理和处置会在现在和将来对人类健康和环境产生不利的影响。放射性废物固化是使具有一定放射性的气体，液体或固体废物转变成性能指标满足处置要求的整块型固体物，其目的是在形成一种适用于装卸、运输或暂存且性能满足处置要求的物体。Radioactive wastes are substances that contain radionuclides or are contaminated with radionuclides, whose concentration or activity is greater than the level of clean and de-control specified by the national audit and management department, and are not expected to be used again. It mainly originates from the processes of nuclear fuel production, reactor operation, nuclear fuel reprocessing, and decommissioning of nuclear facilities. Improper management and disposal of radioactive waste will have adverse effects on human health and the environment now and in the future. The solidification of radioactive waste is the transformation of a certain radioactive gas, liquid or solid waste into a monolithic solid object with performance indicators that meet the disposal requirements. object.
传统对放射性固化结构主要包含对其机械性能、抗压强度、抗冲击性能、抗水性、抗浸出等性能的检测，然而对于传统的放射性废物固化体性能检测是利用抽样随机筛选测试上述项目来作为判定该批次固化封装结构是否达到要求的参考标准，这就使得检测的过程当中必须损坏一些同批次固化的放射性废物固化体，或是因随机检测过程当中遗漏结构性能没有达标的固化体，从而对环境和人类造成不必要辐射伤害。另外传统的检测方法检测的时间较长和待检测项目居多，无法实时快速的检测，导致整个过程中耗时耗力。Traditionally, the radioactive solidified structure mainly includes the testing of its mechanical properties, compressive strength, impact resistance, water resistance, anti-leaching and other properties. To determine whether the batch of cured packaging structure meets the required reference standards, which makes it necessary to damage some cured radioactive waste cured bodies in the same batch during the detection process, or because of the omission of cured bodies that do not meet the required structural performance during the random inspection process, Thereby causing unnecessary radiation damage to the environment and humans. In addition, the traditional detection method takes a long time to detect and there are many items to be detected, which cannot be detected quickly in real time, resulting in time-consuming and labor-intensive in the whole process.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在提供一种基于XACT的放射性废物固化结构性能的检测方法，针对现有传统检测技术的不足本发明的目的在于提出一种快捷且能实时的放射性废物固化结构性能检测的方法，通过外部超声信号探测器探测由脉冲X射线经废物结构转换而来的超声信号来对放射性废物固化结构的性能评估，以解决因传统方法检测的不足而给人类和环境带来的危害问题和无法实时快速的检测而导致整个过程中的耗时耗力问题。。The object of the present invention is to provide a XACT-based method for detecting the performance of the solidified structure of radioactive waste, aiming at the deficiencies of the existing traditional detection technology. The performance of radioactive waste solidified structures is evaluated by detecting the ultrasonic signals converted from pulsed X-rays through the waste structure by an external ultrasonic signal detector, so as to solve the problems of harm to humans and the environment caused by the insufficiency of traditional detection methods and the inability to Real-time and rapid detection leads to time-consuming and labor-intensive problems in the entire process. .
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:
一种基于XACT的放射性废物固化结构检测方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：A method for detecting the solidified structure of radioactive waste based on XACT, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
步骤01、针对不同的放射性废物固化方式制作多组放射性废物固化体；Step 01, making multiple groups of radioactive waste solidified bodies for different radioactive waste solidification methods;
步骤02、通过X射线发射装置产生的适合的脉冲X射线照射所制作的放射性废物固化体；Step 02, the radioactive waste solidified body produced by suitable pulsed X-ray irradiation generated by the X-ray emission device;
步骤03、通过超声信号采集器采集由X射线发射装置生产的脉冲X射线在固化体中转换的超声信号；Step 03, collecting the ultrasonic signal converted in the solidified body by the pulsed X-ray produced by the X-ray emission device through the ultrasonic signal collector;
步骤04、将放射性废物固化体逐一经过传统检测方法的性能测试，并将检测合格的放射性废物固化体的超声信号作为XACT检测的超声信号比对数据库；Step 04, passing the radioactive waste solidified body through the performance test of the traditional detection method one by one, and using the ultrasonic signal of the qualified radioactive waste solidified body as the ultrasonic signal comparison database of XACT detection;
步骤05、将待检测的放射性废物固化结构进行XACT检测，并逐一收集待检测的放射性废物固化结构的超声信号；Step 05, performing XACT detection on the solidified structures of radioactive waste to be detected, and collecting ultrasonic signals of the solidified structures of radioactive waste to be detected one by one;
步骤06、使用声波相似比较工具将检测的放射性废物固化结构的超声信号与超声信号比对数据库的数据进行比较计算相似度；Step 06, using the acoustic wave similarity comparison tool to compare the detected ultrasonic signal of the solidified structure of radioactive waste with the data in the ultrasonic signal comparison database to calculate the similarity;
步骤07、根据相似度的大小做出合理的逻辑判断，即相似程度高的将作为合格的放射性废物固化结构等待进一步处理，相似程度低的或者无相似信号的作为不合格的放射性废物固化结构以待进一步处理；Step 07. Make a reasonable logical judgment according to the degree of similarity, that is, those with a high degree of similarity will be treated as qualified radioactive waste solidified structures for further processing, and those with a low degree of similarity or no similar signal will be regarded as unqualified radioactive waste solidified structures. pending further processing;
步骤08、对放射性废物固化结构抽样，并采用传统检测方法进行性能测试；Step 08. Sampling the solidified structure of radioactive waste, and use traditional detection methods for performance testing;
步骤09、对步骤07及步骤08中判定为不合格的放射性废物固化结构进行粉碎重制成新的待检测的放射性废物固化结构重回步骤05进行检测，对步骤07及步骤08中判定为合格的放射性废物固化结构进行废物储存。Step 09. Pulverize the solidified structures of radioactive waste that are determined to be unqualified in Steps 07 and 08 and re-create a new solidified structure of radioactive waste to be tested. Return to Step 05 for testing, and determine that they are qualified in Steps 07 and 08. The radioactive waste solidification structure is used for waste storage.
进一步地，X射线发射装置产生适合的脉冲X射线的方法为：调节X射线发射装置产生的X射线的波长大小，使得放射性废物固化体能被所述超声信号采集器采集到信号良好的超声信号。Further, the method for the X-ray emitting device to generate suitable pulsed X-rays is: adjusting the wavelength of the X-rays generated by the X-ray emitting device, so that the solidified radioactive waste can be collected by the ultrasonic signal collector to obtain ultrasonic signals with good signals.
进一步地，对放射性废物固化结构抽样，是指针对上述步骤07中判定合格与不合格的放射性废物固化体进行抽样并采用传统检测方法进行性能测试，以检测判定的准确性，并将测试数据用以来丰富和修正超声信号比对数据库的数据。Further, sampling the solidified structure of radioactive waste refers to sampling the solidified body of radioactive waste that is qualified and unqualified in the above step 07 and using traditional testing methods to perform performance testing to detect the accuracy of the judgment, and use the test data as to enrich and revise the data of the ultrasound signal comparison database.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1)本发明的基于XACT的放射性废物固化结构检测方法，通过对所制作的标准样品进行XACT检测，对通过传统检测方法对标准样品进行性能测试后，提取合格的标准样品的超声信号用于建立能够表定所测放射性废物固化结构是否达到行业和国家标准的数据库。通过XACT检测并采集待检测的放射性废物固化结构的超声信号，与数据库的数据进行比对，可以快速的判定出待检测的放射性废物固化结构是否合格，从而改变了每一次检测都要损坏一部分放射性废物固化体所带来的辐射危害，并且避免了传统检测方式中因为随机抽查而遗漏了不合格的固化体的问题。(1) XACT-based radioactive waste solidified structure detection method of the present invention, by performing XACT detection on the prepared standard sample, after performing performance testing on the standard sample by traditional detection methods, extracting the ultrasonic signal of the qualified standard sample for use in Establish a database that can indicate whether the solidified structures of radioactive wastes measured meet industry and national standards. The ultrasonic signal of the solidified structure of the radioactive waste to be detected is detected and collected by XACT, and compared with the data in the database, it can be quickly determined whether the solidified structure of the radioactive waste to be detected is qualified or not, thus changing a part of the radioactive waste to be damaged in each detection. The radiation hazard brought by the waste solidified body is avoided, and the problem of missing unqualified solidified bodies due to random inspection in the traditional detection method is avoided.
(2)本发明不定时的对XACT检测后判定为合格及不合格的放射性废物固化体进行抽样，并采取传统检测方法进行性能测试，不仅检测了本批次固化结构的判定准确性，还将测试所得的数据补充剂进入数据库，不断的丰富、修正、完善数据库，从而不断提高数据库的数据的精准性，找出最佳界定相似度的值。久而久之，完全取代传统检测中需要损坏废物固化体的检测方法。(2) The present invention randomly samples the radioactive waste solidified bodies that are judged to be qualified and unqualified after XACT detection, and adopts traditional detection methods to perform performance testing, which not only detects the judgment accuracy of this batch of solidified structures, but also The data supplement obtained from the test enters the database, and the database is continuously enriched, revised, and improved, so as to continuously improve the accuracy of the data in the database and find the best value to define the similarity. Over time, it completely replaces the detection method that needs to damage the solidified waste in the traditional detection.
(3)本发明通过调节X射线发射装置产生的X射线的波长大小，使得放射性废物固化体能被所述超声信号采集器采集到信号良好的超声信号，提高了这个检测的准确性。(3) The present invention improves the accuracy of the detection by adjusting the wavelength of the X-rays generated by the X-ray emission device, so that the solidified radioactive waste can be collected by the ultrasonic signal collector to acquire ultrasonic signals with good signals.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种基于XACT的放射性废物固化结构检测方法流程图。FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a solidified structure of radioactive waste based on XACT according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2为本发明实施例提供的XACT检测工作原理示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an XACT detection working principle provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
上述附图中，附图标记对应的部件名称如下：In the above drawings, the names of the parts corresponding to the reference numerals are as follows:
1-适合不同固化材料的X射线，2-不同材料的放射性废物固化体，3-由X射线转换的超声信号，4-超声信号采集装置。1- X-ray suitable for different solidified materials, 2- radioactive waste solidified body of different materials, 3- ultrasonic signal converted by X-ray, 4- ultrasonic signal acquisition device.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明，本发明的实施方式包括但不限于下列实施例。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The embodiments of the present invention include but are not limited to the following examples.
请参阅图1至图2，一种基于XACT(X-ray Induced Acoustic ComputedTomography，X射线激发的声学断层成像技术)的放射性废物固化结构的检测方法，包括以下步骤：Please refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 2, a method for detecting solidified structures of radioactive waste based on X-ray Induced Acoustic Computed Tomography (X-ray Induced Acoustic Tomography), comprising the following steps:
步骤01、针对不同的放射性废物固化方式制作多组放射性废物固化体。通过水泥固化、沥青固化、玻璃固化及塑料固化等不同材质按照传统方式制作成多组结构均匀，表现完整的放射性废物固化体，并将这些废物固化体作为标准样品，以备后续采集其超声信号。Step 01. Prepare multiple sets of radioactive waste solidified bodies for different radioactive waste solidification methods. Using different materials such as cement curing, asphalt curing, glass curing, and plastic curing, traditional methods are used to make multiple groups of radioactive waste solidified bodies with uniform structure and complete performance, and these solidified waste bodies are used as standard samples for subsequent collection of their ultrasonic signals. .
步骤02、通过X射线发射装置产生的适合的脉冲X射线照射所制作的放射性废物固化体，即标准样品。其中，采用调节X射线发射装置产生的X射线的波长大小，使得放射性废物固化体能被所述超声信号采集器采集到信号良好的超声信号，以提高检测的准确率。Step 02, irradiating the radioactive waste solidified body produced by suitable pulsed X-rays generated by the X-ray emission device, that is, the standard sample. The wavelength of the X-rays generated by the X-ray emission device is adjusted, so that the solidified radioactive waste can be collected by the ultrasonic signal collector to acquire ultrasonic signals with good signals, so as to improve the detection accuracy.
步骤03、通过超声信号采集器采集由X射线发射装置生产的脉冲X射线在固化体中转换的超声信号。Step 03 , collect the ultrasonic signal converted in the solidified body by the pulsed X-ray produced by the X-ray emission device through the ultrasonic signal collector.
步骤04、将放射性废物固化体逐一经过传统检测方法的性能测试，并将传统检测合格的放射性废物固化体的超声信号作为XACT检测的超声信号比对数据库，是针对严格制作标准样本后人为检测数据的可靠性，并将可靠的数据存储起来建立达到行业和国家标准的数据库，其准确率较高，为后续的检测提供了更为准确便捷的方式，同时也为后续的比对数据库的修正减少了麻烦。Step 04. The radioactive waste solidified body is subjected to the performance test of the traditional detection method one by one, and the ultrasonic signal of the radioactive waste solidified body that has passed the traditional detection is used as the ultrasonic signal comparison database of XACT detection, which is for artificial detection after strictly producing standard samples. The reliability of the data, and the reliable data is stored to establish a database that meets the industry and national standards. Its accuracy rate is high, which provides a more accurate and convenient way for subsequent detection, and also provides a database for subsequent comparisons. Correction Less hassle.
步骤05、将待检测的放射性废物固化结构进行XACT检测，并逐一收集待检测的放射性废物固化结构的超声信号。Step 05: Perform XACT detection on the solidified structures of radioactive waste to be detected, and collect ultrasonic signals of the solidified structures of radioactive waste to be detected one by one.
步骤06、使用声波相似比较工具将检测的放射性废物固化结构的超声信号与超声信号比对数据库的数据进行比较计算得出相似度。其中，声波相似比较工具为现有的软件，例如Matlab、spss等计算机工具，计算待测声波和比对数据库里面的声波的相似度，可参考KTV唱歌判定打分的工具。Step 06, using an acoustic wave similarity comparison tool to compare the detected ultrasonic signal of the solidified structure of radioactive waste with the data in the ultrasonic signal comparison database to calculate the similarity. Among them, the sound wave similarity comparison tool is the existing software, such as Matlab, spss and other computer tools, to calculate the similarity between the sound wave to be measured and the sound wave in the comparison database, you can refer to the KTV singing judgment and scoring tool.
步骤07、根据相似度的大小做出合理的逻辑判断，即相似程度高的将作为合格的放射性废物固化结构等待进一步处理，相似程度低的或者无相似信号的作为不合格的放射性废物固化结构以待进一步处理。开始的相似度可随机确定一个值，然后通过后续的抽样检查来修正这个相似度的大小。例如一开始的相似度值定的较高，随机检测发现，以这个较高的相似度值为标准而被判定为不合格的固化结构中也有很多是合格的，那么这个时候就需要相应的降低该相似度的大小。同时，根据固化结构的放射性材料不同，用于作为标准判定的相似度大小会有一定的差异。Step 07. Make a reasonable logical judgment according to the degree of similarity, that is, those with a high degree of similarity will be treated as qualified radioactive waste solidified structures for further processing, and those with a low degree of similarity or no similar signal will be regarded as unqualified radioactive waste solidified structures. pending further processing. The initial similarity can be randomly determined as a value, and then the size of the similarity can be corrected through subsequent sampling checks. For example, the similarity value is set high at the beginning, and random testing finds that many of the solidified structures that are judged to be unqualified based on this high similarity value are also qualified, so at this time, it needs to be reduced accordingly. The size of the similarity. At the same time, according to the different radioactive materials of the solidified structure, there will be some differences in the degree of similarity used as a criterion.
通过XACT检测并采集待检测的放射性废物固化结构的超声信号，与数据库的数据进行比对，可以快速的判定出待检测的放射性废物固化结构是否合格，从而改变了每一次检测都要损坏一部分放射性废物固化体所带来的辐射危害，并且避免了传统检测方式中因为随机抽查而遗漏了不合格的固化体的问题。The ultrasonic signal of the solidified structure of the radioactive waste to be detected is detected and collected by XACT, and compared with the data in the database, it can be quickly determined whether the solidified structure of the radioactive waste to be detected is qualified or not, thus changing a part of the radioactive waste to be damaged in each detection. The radiation hazard brought by the waste solidified body is avoided, and the problem of missing unqualified solidified bodies due to random inspection in the traditional detection method is avoided.
步骤08、对放射性废物固化结构抽样，并采用传统检测方法进行性能测试，从而对本批次放射性废物固化结构的判定是否准确。还将测试所得的数据补充剂进入数据库，不断的丰富、修正、完善数据库，从而不断提高数据库的数据的精准性。久而久之，完全取代传统检测中需要损坏废物固化体的检测方法。Step 08: Sampling the solidified structure of radioactive waste, and use traditional detection methods to perform performance test, so as to determine whether the solidified structure of this batch of radioactive waste is accurate. The data supplements obtained from the test will also be entered into the database, and the database will be continuously enriched, revised and improved, thereby continuously improving the accuracy of the data in the database. Over time, it completely replaces the detection method that needs to damage the solidified waste in the traditional detection.
步骤09、对步骤07及步骤08中判定为不合格的放射性废物固化结构进行粉碎重制成新的待检测的放射性废物固化结构重回步骤05进行检测，对步骤07及步骤08中判定为合格的放射性废物固化结构进行废物储存，进一步的提高了XACT检测的准确率。Step 09. Pulverize the solidified structures of radioactive waste that are determined to be unqualified in Steps 07 and 08 and re-create a new solidified structure of radioactive waste to be tested. Return to Step 05 for testing, and determine that they are qualified in Steps 07 and 08. The radioactive waste solidification structure is used for waste storage, which further improves the accuracy of XACT detection.
上述实施例仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非对本发明保护范围的限制，但凡采用本发明的设计原理，以及在此基础上进行非创造性劳动而做出的变化，均应属于本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiments are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made by adopting the design principles of the present invention and non-creative work on this basis shall belong to the protection of the present invention. within the range.
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