CN111635430A - 一种非甾体化合物、其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种非甾体化合物、其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111635430A CN111635430A CN201910157817.2A CN201910157817A CN111635430A CN 111635430 A CN111635430 A CN 111635430A CN 201910157817 A CN201910157817 A CN 201910157817A CN 111635430 A CN111635430 A CN 111635430A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
- C07F9/091—Esters of phosphoric acids with hydroxyalkyl compounds with further substituents on alkyl
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C215/00—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C215/02—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C215/04—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated
- C07C215/06—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated and acyclic
- C07C215/08—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated and acyclic with only one hydroxy group and one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C215/00—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C215/02—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C215/04—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated
- C07C215/06—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated and acyclic
- C07C215/10—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated and acyclic with one amino group and at least two hydroxy groups bound to the carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C279/00—Derivatives of guanidine, i.e. compounds containing the group, the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C279/04—Derivatives of guanidine, i.e. compounds containing the group, the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of guanidine groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种非甾体化合物、其制备方法和用途,本发明所述新型非甾体化合物具有下式(I)所示的结构。本发明还包括式(I)所示的化合物或水合物、溶剂化物、共晶体、药学上可接受的盐、其制备方法。该类化合物的药物组合物在医药上的用途,特别是用于手术后及各种癌症的镇痛,其中通式(I)中的各取代基的定义与权利要求书中的定义相同。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,具体而言,本发明涉及一种新型非甾体类化合物、所述化合物的制备方法、包含所述化合物的药物组合物、以及所述化合物和药物组合物在制备手术后及各种癌症的镇痛的药物中的用途。
背景技术
氟比洛芬是英国布兹公司开发的一种非甾体消炎镇痛药。该药于1976年在英国上市,是一种强效苯丙酸类解热抗炎镇痛药,能抑制前列腺素制备环氧合酶而起止痛、抗炎及解热作用。其消炎和镇痛作用分别为阿司匹林(亦称乙酰水杨酸)的250倍及50倍。主要用于风湿性关节炎、强直性脊椎炎、变性关节炎。也可预防手术摘除晶状体后发生无晶状体囊样斑点状水肿,抑制手术中瞳孔收缩,白内障及小梁成形氩气激光手术后眼睛炎症的治疗。还适用于其他一些原因如外伤、扭伤、手术等引起的疼痛。
氟比洛芬酯为氟比洛芬的前体药物,用于手术后及各种癌症的镇痛。氟比洛芬酯注射液是一种非甾体类靶向镇痛药,通过在脊髓和外周抑制环氧化酶(COX)减少前列腺素的合成,降低手术创伤引起的痛觉过敏状态。脂微球制剂药效更强,起效更迅速,持续时间更长,且不易引起胃黏膜损伤等不良反应。其用于术后镇痛,优点在于没有中枢抑制作用,不影响处于麻醉状态患者的苏醒,可在术后立即使用,近年来已广泛应用于临床炎症性疼痛、癌痛及术后疼痛的治疗。它实际上不溶于水。溶解性差是制药、化妆品、农业和食品工业的组合物(特别是含有在生理学pH下在水中溶解差的生物活性物质的那些组合物)的开发中遭遇的一个显著问题。在许多情况下,溶解差的化合物具有不期望的从胃肠道至系统循环的药代动力学性质,如缓慢的溶出和缓慢或不完全的口服吸收。另外,由于存在药物颗粒堵塞经过毛细管的血流的风险,溶解差的活性剂往往不利于静脉内施用或者甚至对于静脉内施用是不安全的。
因此,本领域仍然需要开发口服利用度高、溶解度好的新型非甾体类化合物,从而能够有效地用于制备手术后及各种癌症的镇痛的药物。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新型非甾体类化合物,从而开发口服利用率高、溶解度好的的抗炎、镇痛、解热药物。
具体而言,本发明一个目的在于提供一种新型非甾体类化合物或水合物、溶剂化物、共晶体、药学上可接受的盐。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供所述新型非甾体类化合物或水合物、溶剂化物、共晶体、药学上可接受的盐的制备方法。
本发明的又一个目的在于提供以所述新型非甾体类化合物或水合物、溶剂化物、共晶体、药学上可接受的盐为活性成分的药物组合物。
本发明的再一个目的在于提供所述新型非甾体类化合物或水合物、溶剂化物、共晶体、药学上可接受的盐或药物组合物在制药方面的用途。
本发明的还一个目的在于提供采用所述新型非甾体类化合物或水合物、溶剂化物、共晶体、药学上可接受的盐或者采用所述药物组合物用于治疗相关疾病的方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案如下:
一方面,本发明提供式 I 所示的新型非甾体类化合物或水合物、溶剂化物、共晶体、药学上可接受的盐,
其中:
R1、R2、R3独立地是氢或C1-C6烷基或任选地取代的 C1-C6烷基、卤素、酰氨基、 磺酰氨基、酰氧基或 C(O)R’,其中所述 R’为氢、 C1-C10烷基、C1-C10烯基、C 1-C10烷氧基、芳基C1-C10烷基、卤素、酰氨基、磺酰氨基或酰氧基;
R4独立地是氢或C1-C10烷基、C1-C10烯基、C1-C10烷氧基、芳基 C1-C10烷基、磷酸酯基、亚磷酸酯基、氨基酸酯基;
所述R1为磷酸酯基和亚磷酸酯基时,可以成钠盐、钾盐、镁盐、钙盐、铵盐、葡甲胺盐、胆碱盐。
优选地,所述非甾体类化合物如式 II 所示 :
其中;基团R1、R2、R3及R4如上文所定义。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,本发明提供的新型非甾体类化合物或水合物、溶剂化物、共晶体、药学上可接受的盐,其中,所述非甾体类化合物如下所示 :
另一方面,本发明还提供上述新型非甾体类化合物或水合物、溶剂化物、共晶体、药学上可接受的盐,所述制备方法包括使式 III 所 示化合物与式 IV 所示化合物反应的步骤:
本发明第二方面提供制备本发明第一方面所述抗真菌感染的化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可以接受的盐的方法。步骤如下:
再一方面,本发明提供一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包含根据本发明的非甾体类化合物或其药物可接受的盐、溶剂化物、多晶型体、对映体或外消旋混合物,以及药学上可接受的辅料。
所述药物可接受的盐是指本发明的化合物可以与无机碱或有机碱形成可药用盐, 其中无机碱诸如氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙,优选地无机碱是氢氧化钠、氨水、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钾;所述有机碱诸如胆碱、葡甲胺、氨基酸,优选地胆碱是氢氧化胆碱,优选地氨基酸是精氨酸、赖氨酸、半胱氨酸。
所述溶剂化物例如水合物、醇合物等。
选择和制备药物可接受的盐和溶剂化物等是本领域公知技术。
根据具体剂型和施用方式,所述药物组合物中的药学上可接受的辅料可以包括下述的一种或多种:稀释剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、填充剂、矫味剂、甜味剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂和色素等。
所述药物组合物可以为临床使用的任何剂型,例如片剂、栓剂、分散片、肠溶片、咀嚼片、口崩片、胶囊、糖衣剂、颗粒剂、干粉剂、口服溶液剂、注射用小针、注射用冻干粉针或大输液,优选为口服剂型或注射剂型。
又一方面,本发明提供上述非甾体类化合物或其药物可接受的盐、溶剂化物、多晶型体、对映体或外消旋混合物或上述药物组合物在制备关节炎相关疾病的药物中的用途。特别是用于制备治疗类风湿性关节炎和骨关节炎等的疼痛、肿胀及软组织炎症、创伤性疼痛、手术后疼痛的药物。
本发明提供的烯醇类非甾体类化合物或其药物可接受的盐、溶剂化物、多晶型体、对映体或外消旋混合物或上述药物组合物可以与其它疗法或治疗剂共同施用。施用方式可以为同时、顺序或以一定时间间隔进行。
实施治疗、预防或延缓等作用所需的化合物或药物组合物的剂量通常取决于施用的具体化合物、患者、具体疾病或病症及其严重程度、给药途径和频率等,并且需要由主治 医师根据具体情况判定。例如,在通过口服途径施用本发明提供的化合物或药物组合物时, 其剂量可为0.1至 1000mg/天,优选 1至 500mg/天 ;所述剂量可以分每日1至3次给药,优选2次。
综上所述,本发明提供了一种新型的具有显著的抗炎、解热、镇痛作用的化合物。实验证明,相比美洛昔康,本发明的新型化合物的口服生物利用率显著提高,因此可以解决溶解差的化合物具有不期望的从胃肠道至系统循环的药代动力学性质,如缓慢的溶出和缓慢或不完全的口服吸收。另外,由于存在药物颗粒堵塞经过毛细管的血流的风险,溶解差的活性剂往往不利于静脉内施用或者甚至对于静脉内施用是不安全等问题。因此更适合制成多种剂型的药物,以用于治疗相关疾病。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的详细描述,给出的实施例仅为了阐明本发明,而不是为了限制本发明的范围。
下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的药材原料、试剂材料等,如无特殊说明,均可自常规生化试剂商店或药品经营企业购买得到。
实施例1:化合物1的制备
在0℃下向III(10g) 在无水DCM(300ml) 中的搅拌溶液中逐滴加入 IV(5.45g)。然后在室温下搅拌该混合物16小时,用水淬灭反应。用氢氧化钠溶液和水洗涤有机层,经无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩至干。该残余物通过HPLC分离系统,得到化合物1(5.60g,56.0%)为白色固体。
实施例2:化合物3的制备
取异丙醇(20ml)和化合物1(1.5g)加入到100ml反应瓶中搅拌,然后将氢氧化钠溶液(5ml水溶解0.33g氢氧化钠)慢慢滴加到化合物1溶液中,调节溶液pH为9.0~10.0,过滤,滤饼在30~40℃条件下鼓风干燥,得化合物3约0.82g,收率54.6%。
实施例3:化合物4的制备
取乙腈(20ml)和化合物1(1.5g)加入到100ml反应瓶中搅拌,然后将氢氧化钠溶液(5ml甲醇溶解0.33g甲醇钠)慢慢滴加到化合物1溶液中,调节溶液pH为7.0~8.0,过滤,滤饼在30~40℃条件下鼓风干燥,得化合物4约0.56g,收率37.3%。
实施例4: 本发明的非甾体类化合物临床疗效试验
试验动物:200只不限性别和体重的大于4月龄的临床患犬(各种牙齿疾病接受单纯拔牙手术患犬),分为四组,第一组至第三组为实施例组,第四组为对比例组,每组各50只患犬。
给药方法:实施例1、2、3及对比例的药物(氟比洛芬酯),以氟比洛芬有效成分计,首次给药适量,之后再给药适量,每日1次,连用6天。
试验方法:试验犬接收拔牙手术后开始给药,根据下表的评分标准进行疗效判定,疗效判定见表1,试验结果见表2。
表1 疗效判定表
组别 | 分组标准 | 处理方法 |
优秀 | 所有临床指标回复正常 | 停止治疗、2天后进行复发性评价 |
良好 | 至少一半的临床指标改善 | 继续治疗2天 |
尚可 | 不到一半的临床指标改善 | 继续治疗2天 |
不良 | 没有改善或动物体况恶化 | 医师决定是否继续治疗或淘汰 |
表2 试验结果
由表2的结果可以看出,实施例1、2、3所述的药物对犬涉及软组织和牙槽骨组织术后均有良好的止痛效果,实施例1、2、3的止痛作用明显优于对比例效果,并且缩短了疗程时间。
实施例5:体内药代动力学试验
检测了本发明的化合物1、化合物2、化合物3以及氟比洛芬酯的体内药代动力学。具体而言,给大鼠口服或静脉注射化合物1、化合物2、化合物3以及氟比洛芬酯,评价本发明的化合物与氟比洛芬酯在大鼠体内的药代动力学特征,考察本发明的化合物体内的转化情况,并通过在一定时间测定大鼠体内的血药浓度,比较本发明的化合物与氟比洛芬酯的生物利用度。
实验动物为雄性SD大鼠,6至8周龄,体重190—215克,购自北京维利通华实验动物技术有限公司。基于SD大鼠体重随机分成4组,每组3只动物。各组大鼠的给药化合物制剂、给药剂量、给药途径以及检测时间点等见表3。
表3 药代动力学试验情况
组 | 药物 | 制剂 | 途径 | 药物剂量(mg/kg) | 药物浓度(mg/ml) |
1 | 化合物1 | 盐水中30%PEG400 | 经静脉 | 1 | 0.2 |
2 | 化合物2 | 盐水中30%PEG400 | 口服 | 1 | 0.2 |
3 | 化合物3 | 盐水中30%PEG400 | 口服 | 1 | 0.2 |
5 | 氟比洛芬酯 | 盐水中30%PEG400 | 经静脉 | 1 | 0.2 |
在药代动力学试验前,将SD大鼠禁食16小时。然后按照表3中所示经静脉或口服单个剂量的化合物或空白溶液。采取颈静脉穿刺的方式在给药后定时收集血液200uL。其中对于经静脉给药的动物组,在给药后0.083、0.25、0.5、1、2、4、6、8和24小时收集血液;对于口服给药的动物组,在给药后0.25、0.5、1、2、4、6、8和24小时收集血液。将血样收集于具有EDTA的样品管中,立即在4℃下以4000rpm离心血样5分钟,然后将血浆转移到另一个样品管中,储存于-20摄氏度。
对样品进行药代动力学检验,采取的方法和仪器如下:
柱子:Phenomenex Luna 5um C18(2.0×50nm)
流动相:95%乙腈(0.1%甲酸)和5%乙腈(0.1%甲酸)
定量方法:内标法
其比较结果见表4。
表4 药代动力学数据比较
NA:数据未得。
表4的数据表明,本发明化合物的生物利用率显著高于美洛昔康。因此,本发明的化合物可以显著降低药物剂量,降低其造成出血等副作用的风险。
实施例6: 本发明的化合物对小鼠静脉给药的急性毒性测试
将200 毫克选实施例制备的化合物用注射用水溶解后对5只ICR小鼠给药 (5 周大,雄性,体重 20 克 ±2 克的小鼠 )。 然后观察 2 周后的致死率、体重、症状等,以确定最小致死量 (Minimum Lethal Dose,MLD, mg/Kg )。使用的氟比洛芬、氟比洛芬酯作为对照。结果见下表所示。
小鼠静脉给药的急性毒性测试表
化合物 | 最小致死量(MLD,mg/Kg) |
氟比洛芬 | >150 |
氟比洛芬酯 | >150 |
实施例1化合物 | >150 |
实施例2化合物 | >150 |
实施例3化合物 | >150 |
根据存活率、体重变化、血液测试和中毒综合症的观察结果证明本发明的非甾体类化合物毒性与氟比洛芬、氟比洛芬酯相当。
实验例1:溶解性研究
分别测试本发明得到的化合物与氟比洛芬酯、氟比洛芬在水、异丙醇、甲醇中的溶解度。试验结果见下表。
溶解度测定结果
溶剂 | 水 | 甲醇 | 异丙醇 |
实施例1 | 82mg/ml | 35mg/ml | 1mg/ml |
实施例2 | 84mg/ml | 36mg/ml | 1mg/ml |
实施例3 | 76mg/ml | 15mg/ml | 0.7mg/ml |
氟比洛芬 | 0.04mg/ml | 1.0g/6ml | 1.0g/8ml |
氟比洛芬酯 | 0.05mg/ml | 1.0g/19ml | 1.0g/19ml |
从实验结果看:本发明制备得到的化合物在水中的溶解度较高。同样的载药量,本发明化合物溶解度比氟比洛芬酯、氟比洛芬溶解度好,起效快,生物利用度高,制剂稳定性也得到提高。所以本发明制备得到的化合物对提高其生物利用度和疗效具有重要意义。
实验例2:影响因素试验
取本实验例发明的化合物,放置在高温40℃、光照4500LX、高湿92.5%条件下10天,于0天、5天、10天取样检测性状、有关物质、含量,结果详见下表。
影响因素试验结果
结论:本发明制备得到的化合物在高温、高湿、光照条件下放置10天各项考察指标与0天比较均未见明显变化,说明本发明化合物性质较稳定。
实验例3:稳定性研究
25℃±2℃、65%R.H±5%R.H条件下的稳定性实验
本实验例对本发明的泊沙康唑磷酸酯单胆碱盐与对比实施例的化合物在25℃±2℃,65%R.H±5%R.H条件进行的稳定性实验,并在0月、3月、6月、9月、12月、24月取样测定性状、有关物质、含量,结果详见下表。
测试化合物的稳定性实验结果
从实验结果可以看出,本发明制备化合物的稳定性结果与氟比洛芬、氟比洛芬酯相当,有利于工业化生产的储存。
Claims (6)
3.根据权利要求 1 或 2 所述的新型非甾体类化合物或水合物、溶剂化物、共晶体、药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R1为氢、R2均为卤素、R3为甲基。
5.一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包含根据权利要求 1 至 4中任一项所述的新型非甾体类化合物或水合物、溶剂化物、共晶体、药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的辅料。
6.根据权利要求 1 至 4中任一项所述的新型非甾体类化合物或水合物、溶剂化物、共晶体、药学上可接受的盐或根据权利要求5所述的药物组合物在制备手术后及各种癌症的镇痛的药物中的用途。
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