CN111623338B - Coal-fired boiler high Wen Ouyan temperature testing device based on short-term offline measured data and correction calculation method - Google Patents
Coal-fired boiler high Wen Ouyan temperature testing device based on short-term offline measured data and correction calculation method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 196
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 196
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 113
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 23
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- SGTNSNPWRIOYBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1CCN(C)CCCC(C#N)(C(C)C)C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 SGTNSNPWRIOYBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coal-fired boiler high Wen Ouyan temperature testing device based on short-term off-line measured data, which comprises: the system comprises a boiler, a screen superheater, a high-temperature reheater, a low-temperature superheater, a low-temperature reheater, an economizer, a temporary thermocouple group, a furnace top small chamber, a ceiling superheater, a wall-covering superheater and a data acquisition instrument; the furnace top small chamber is positioned at the top of the horizontal flue, the ceiling superheater is positioned at the upper parts of the hearth and the horizontal flue, and the wall-covering superheater is positioned at the periphery of the horizontal flue. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the cost is low, the defect that the thermocouple cannot be used for a long time in a high-temperature environment is overcome, and only one batch of thermocouples which are temporarily used for 5-15 days are needed to be installed, so that compared with a direct temperature measurement method of optics and acoustics, the cost is greatly reduced by more than 90%; the flue gas temperature measuring points can be respectively arranged on the sections of a plurality of different flues in the high temperature area, so that the flue gas temperatures of the sections of the different flues can be accurately obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal burning of coal-fired power plants, in particular to a coal-fired boiler high Wen Ouyan temperature testing device based on short-term off-line measured data and a correction calculation method.
Background
At present, the coal-fired power station boiler is developed towards the trend of large capacity and high parameters, and the safety and the economical efficiency of the operation of the boiler are important concerns of researchers. The flue gas temperature at each heating surface of the boiler hearth has important significance for judging the safety of the metal pipe wall of the heating surface and the ash accumulation state of the heating surface.
At present, a large-scale coal-fired power station boiler is generally provided with flue gas temperature measuring points on heating surfaces such as an inlet and an outlet of an air preheater of a tail flue, an inlet and an outlet of an SCR denitration system, an inlet and an outlet of an economizer and the like; and flue gas temperature measuring points are also arranged at inlets of heating surfaces of the low-temperature superheater, the low-temperature reheater and the like of part of the boiler. However, the front and back of the heated surface near the furnace outlet and the horizontal flue, such as the furnace outlet (in particular to the front of the screen type superheater), the front and back of the high-temperature superheater and the front and back of the high-temperature reheater, are not provided with flue gas measuring points generally due to the fact that the flue gas temperature is higher and reaches 800-1000 ℃ and the corresponding measuring means are not lost. However, the measurement of the temperature of the flue gas at the high temperature section has strong guiding significance for preventing the heating surface from tube explosion, optimizing the operation of the soot blower and the like.
The common direct measurement means of the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas are contact type and non-contact type. The non-contact measuring method mainly comprises an acoustic wave method and an optical method, but has the main problems that the measuring is more interfered by air flow, flame and the like, the measuring error is large, and corresponding hardware and software equipment is expensive and difficult to install and maintain, so that the non-contact measuring method is generally only used for one section of a hearth outlet and has poor accuracy. The contact type measuring method is to install contact type temperature measuring equipment such as a thermocouple on a high-temperature heating surface, but because of the problems of high flue gas temperature, serious abrasion and the like, the service life of the thermocouple is generally short and the thermocouple cannot be used for a long time, so that the contact type measuring method is generally only installed on the wall of the heating surface in a high-temperature area, namely, the wall temperature is measured instead of the flue gas temperature.
Another method for obtaining the flue gas temperature in the high temperature area is a soft measurement method, namely, the flue gas temperature of each convection heating surface is reversely pushed through heat balance calculation according to the heat balance formula of semi-experience semi-theory from the existing flue gas actual measurement data of the tail heating surface through the heat calculation standard method of boiler unit. However, the method has the problems that besides the heating surfaces arranged in the flue, the horizontal flue also has a ceiling superheater, a middle partition wall heating surface and surrounding wall-wrapping heating surfaces, working medium parameters at the positions corresponding to the heating surfaces and the flue are not provided with measuring points, so that the influences of the heating surfaces are generally ignored in the calculation of heat balance, and the calculated flue gas temperature can have larger errors with actual results. In addition, for judging the pipe explosion risk of the metal pipe wall of the heating surface, the highest smoke temperature of the section is an important influence parameter; however, because the working medium parameters of the steam side can only correspond to the left and right side flues, the flue gas temperature obtained by the heat balance calculation can only reflect the average flue gas temperature of the single side flues, and the highest flue gas temperature of the flue gas section can not be calculated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a coal-fired boiler high Wen Ouyan temperature testing device and a correction calculation method based on short-term off-line measured data.
The invention provides a coal-fired boiler high Wen Ouyan temperature correction calculation method based on short-term off-line measured data; the flue gas temperature of the hearth outlet is actually measured through a short-term installed thermocouple and a data acquisition instrument, and a flue gas temperature calculation model of each section is established according to a heat balance principle to obtain a hearth outlet flue gas temperature calculation value. Fitting the actually measured smoke temperature data with the calculated value to obtain a functional relation, and obtaining a relatively accurate correction value of the smoke temperature at the outlet of the hearth in real time for a long time according to the functional relation and the smoke temperature calculated value; and obtaining a correction value of the highest smoke temperature of the hearth outlet according to the actually measured smoke temperature distribution data.
The high Wen Ouyan temperature testing device of the coal-fired boiler based on short-term off-line measured data comprises: the system comprises a boiler, a screen superheater, a high-temperature reheater, a low-temperature superheater, a low-temperature reheater, an economizer, a temporary thermocouple group, a furnace top small chamber, a ceiling superheater, a wall-covering superheater and a data acquisition instrument; the furnace top small chamber is positioned at the top of the horizontal flue, the ceiling superheater is positioned at the upper parts of the hearth and the horizontal flue, and the wall-covering superheater is positioned at the periphery of the horizontal flue;
The heating surface in the screen-type superheater outlet flue is provided with a screen-type superheater outlet section; the heating surface in the high-temperature superheater outlet flue is provided with a high-temperature superheater outlet section; the heating surface in the low-temperature superheater inlet flue is provided with an on-line measuring point of the low-temperature superheater inlet flue gas temperature, the heating surface in the economizer inlet flue is provided with an on-line measuring point of the economizer inlet flue gas temperature, and the heating surface in the economizer outlet flue is provided with an on-line measuring point of the economizer outlet flue gas temperature; the low-temperature superheater inlet flue gas temperature on-line measuring point, the economizer inlet flue gas temperature on-line measuring point and the economizer outlet flue gas temperature on-line measuring point are all positioned in a tail flue of the boiler;
The boiler outlet is connected with a screen-type superheater inlet flue, the screen-type superheater outlet flue is connected with a high-temperature superheater inlet flue, the high-temperature superheater outlet flue is connected with a high-temperature reheater inlet flue, the high-temperature reheater outlet flue is connected with a low-temperature superheater inlet flue, the low-temperature superheater outlet flue is connected with a low-temperature reheater inlet flue, and the low-temperature reheater outlet flue is connected with an economizer inlet flue;
The furnace outlet of the boiler is provided with a furnace outlet section, a temporary thermocouple group is arranged on the furnace outlet section, a smoke measuring hole group is arranged above the furnace outlet section, the smoke measuring hole group is positioned at the top of a horizontal flue, and the smoke measuring hole group also passes through a furnace top small chamber to be communicated with the flue at the furnace outlet section; the flue gas measuring hole groups are distributed at equal intervals along the section of the outlet of the hearth from the left side of the hearth to the right side of the hearth, and probes of the temporary thermocouple group downwards extend to the actual measurement position of the flue gas temperature test of the section of the outlet of the hearth from the top of the hearth through the flue gas measuring hole groups; the non-probe end of the temporary thermocouple group is connected with a data acquisition instrument, and smoke temperature data at the actually measured position of the smoke temperature test are acquired in real time.
Preferably, 2-4 thermocouples are inserted into each smoke measuring hole group.
The correction calculation method of the coal-fired boiler high Wen Ouyan temperature test device based on short-term off-line measured data specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1, dividing each heating surface of a boiler into a convection heating surface and a radiation or semi-radiation heating surface according to the heat absorption condition of each heating surface of the boiler; according to the basic principle of heat balance of the whole and each local heating surface of the boiler, the existing on-line working medium side parameters and the existing economizer outlet flue gas side parameters of the tail flue are utilized to calculate the inlet flue gas temperature of each heating surface section by section according to the opposite direction of flue gas flow;
step 1.1, aiming at a convection heating surface, knowing the outlet flue gas temperature of the heating surface, the inlet parameter of a working medium side and the outlet parameter of the working medium side, and calculating to obtain an inlet flue gas enthalpy value H' of the heating surface:
In the above formula, h' is the vapor enthalpy of the inlet of the heating surface, and the unit is KJ/Kg; h' is the enthalpy of the outlet steam of the heating surface, and the unit is KJ/Kg; h' is the enthalpy of the flue gas at the inlet of the heating surface, and the unit is KJ/Kg; h' is the enthalpy of the flue gas at the outlet of the heating surface, and the unit is KJ/Kg; d is the flow rate of working medium of a heating surface, and the unit is kg/s; phi is a heat retention coefficient which is the ratio of the heat absorbed by the working medium of the heating surface to the heat emitted by the flue gas; delta alpha is the air leakage coefficient; The unit is KJ/Kg for theoretical cold air enthalpy; bj is fuel consumption, and the unit is Kg/s;
Calculating the inlet flue gas temperature T according to the functional relation between the inlet flue gas enthalpy value H' of the heating surface and the inlet flue gas temperature T in the formula (2):
H'＝C0+C1T+C2T2+C3T3+C4T4+C5T5 (2)
in the above formula, C0, C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 are all related coefficients, and are obtained by consulting a boiler performance test procedure; t is the temperature of flue gas at the inlet of the heating surface, and the unit is K;
step 1.2, aiming at a radiation or semi-radiation heating surface, as radiation heat transfer is involved, and the temperature of flue gas in a high-temperature area is unknown, assumption and iterative calculation are needed: assuming the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the hearth, calculating to obtain the heat efficiency coefficient of the water-cooled wall and the direct radiation quantity at the outlet of the hearth, establishing a heat balance equation of half-radiation heating surfaces such as a screen type superheater and a high-temperature superheater, and solving the calculated value of the flue gas at the outlet of the hearth; ending the iteration when the deviation between the calculated value and the assumed value of the hearth outlet flue gas temperature is less than 1 ℃, and obtaining a final calculated value Tf cal of the hearth outlet flue gas temperature; the data required for calculating Tf cal are all derived from an online meter, so that the data can be calculated in real time;
step 2, when the boiler is shut down for overhauling, a smoke measuring hole group is arranged above the section of the outlet of the hearth to test the temperature of smoke; the flue gas measuring hole group is positioned at the top of the horizontal flue and penetrates through the small chamber at the top of the furnace to be communicated with the flue at the section of the outlet of the hearth; arranging flue gas temperature measuring points of the section of the outlet of the hearth according to the depth and the width of the flue according to a constant section grid method, arranging flue gas measuring holes at intervals of about 1-2 meters, simultaneously arranging 1-4 armored thermocouples on each flue gas measuring hole, and enabling the insertion depth of each armored thermocouple to be different; all the armoured thermocouples are connected with a data acquisition instrument, and flue gas temperature data of each position of the section of the hearth outlet are acquired in real time;
Step 3, measuring the temperature of the flue gas at the section of the outlet of the hearth by using the temporary thermocouple group, and collecting the flue gas temperature data in the total duration T in real time by using a data acquisition instrument; setting the acquisition interval of the data acquisition instrument to be tau to obtain A flue gas temperature measured value Tf m,i at the section of the outlet of the group hearth, wherein i represents the serial number of the measuring point; because of the problems of high temperature, abrasion and the like, the service life of the thermocouple is short and generally not more than 1 month, and when the thermocouple in the temporary thermocouple group is damaged, the thermocouple is pulled out through the smoke hole measuring group;
Step 4, averaging the actual measurement values Tf m,i of the flue gas temperatures of each group to obtain a hearth outlet flue gas temperature average value Tf m, and performing polynomial fitting on the hearth outlet flue gas temperature average value Tf m and the final calculation value Tf cal of the hearth outlet flue gas temperature obtained in step 1.2 to obtain a correction function relation between Tf m and Tf cal:
Tfm＝f1(Tfcal) (3)
Since the calculated value Tf cal can be calculated in real time according to the existing online measuring point of the boiler, after the actual measurement of the flue gas temperature data in the total duration T is completed, the corrected value of the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the furnace at any determined time point is calculated in real time according to the corrected functional relation between the actual measured value of the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the furnace in the formula (1) and the final calculated value of the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the furnace, and according to the final calculated value Tf cal of the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the furnace obtained in the step 1.2
In the above formula, the subscript t i is a certain determined time point;
Obtaining a more accurate result of the furnace outlet flue gas temperature at any time according to the formula (4);
Step 5, according to step 3 And (3) obtaining a highest value Tf m,max of the hearth outlet flue gas temperature by using the flue gas temperature actual measurement value Tf m,i at the hearth outlet section, and performing polynomial fitting with a final calculation value Tf cal of the hearth outlet flue gas temperature obtained in the step (1.2) to obtain a correction function relation of Tf m,max and Tf cal:
Tfm,max＝f2(Tfcal) (5)
the accurate result of the highest flue gas temperature of the section of the hearth outlet can be obtained in real time for a long time, the highest value of the flue gas temperature of the hearth outlet is compared with the designed flue gas temperature of the heating surface (screen type superheater) at the position, and whether the heating surface has the risk of pipe explosion or not is judged.
Preferably, the online working medium side parameters in the step 1 include: heating surface inlet temperature, heating surface inlet pressure, heating surface outlet temperature, heating surface outlet pressure and working medium flow; if the selected heating surface is the heating surface of the desuperheating water, the on-line working medium side parameters also comprise the desuperheating water temperature, the desuperheating water pressure and the flow parameters.
Preferably, the convection heating surface in the step1 comprises a high-temperature reheater, a low-temperature superheater, a low-temperature reheater and an economizer; the radiation or semi-radiation heating surface in the step1 comprises a screen superheater and a high-temperature superheater.
Preferably, the following steps are further provided between the step2 and the step 3: and (2) simultaneously arranging the flue gas measuring hole group on the screen-type superheater outlet section and the high-temperature superheater outlet section according to the step (2).
Preferably, the total duration T in the step 3 is selected according to the service life of the thermocouple, and the value range is 5-15 days.
Preferably, referring to the step 1, the flue gas temperatures of the outlet section of the screen type superheater and the outlet section of the high-temperature superheater are obtained according to the heat balance calculation; referring to the steps 2-5, the flue gas temperature is measured offline at the section and the section, so that a correction function relation between the measured flue gas temperature value and the calculated flue gas temperature value can be obtained, and the result of correcting and calculating the flue gas temperature at the position is more accurate than that of the previous method.
Preferably, the horizontal flue and the tail flue of the boiler are divided to the left and the right, and the correction function relation between the measured value of the left/right flue gas temperature and the calculated value of the left/right flue gas temperature is obtained by fitting according to the existing online measuring points of the left and the right flue and the heating surface by the same method as the steps 2 to 5, so that the correction values of the average flue gas temperature and the highest flue gas temperature at the two sides are calculated respectively.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) The cost is low. The defect that the thermocouple cannot be used for a long time in a high-temperature environment is overcome, and only one batch of thermocouples which are temporarily used for 5-15 days are needed to be installed, so that compared with a direct temperature measurement method of optics and acoustics, the cost is greatly reduced by more than 90%.
2) The flue gas temperature results are accurate. The invention corrects the flue gas temperature calculation result by the flue gas temperature actual measurement result, can remove the huge error caused by heat exchange of heat exchange surfaces such as a ceiling, a wall and the like which are difficult to process in the flue gas temperature calculation value to the maximum extent, and the accuracy degree of the obtained flue gas temperature result is far higher than that of the soft measurement calculation result.
3) The flue gas temperature measuring points can be respectively arranged on the sections of a plurality of different flues in the high temperature area, so that the flue gas temperatures of the sections of the different flues can be accurately obtained.
4) The average temperature and the highest temperature of the flue gas of each section of the high temperature area are accurately obtained in real time through the flue gas temperature calculated value and the correction function, so that the safety of the metal pipe wall of the heating surface can be ensured, and the soot blowing of the corresponding heating surface can be guided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system of a heating surface of a boiler and a schematic diagram of a position of a relevant smoke temperature measuring point;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a furnace exit fume temperature measurement point arrangement.
Reference numerals illustrate: boiler 1, screen superheater, high temperature reheater, low temperature superheater, low temperature reheater, economizer, low temperature superheater entry flue gas temperature on-line measuring point 2, economizer entry flue gas temperature on-line measuring point 3, economizer exit flue gas temperature on-line measuring point 4, temporary thermocouple group 5, screen superheater exit cross section 6, high temperature superheater exit cross section 7, furnace roof cell 8, ceiling superheater 9, wall-wrapping superheater 10, flue gas measuring hole group 11, measured location 12 for flue gas temperature test, furnace exit cross section 13, data acquisition instrument 14.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples. The following examples are presented only to aid in the understanding of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the principles of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
The invention provides a coal-fired boiler high Wen Ouyan temperature testing device based on short-term off-line measured data and a correction calculation method, and mainly relates to a system, a measuring point and equipment shown in fig. 1 and 2. Fig. 1 is a schematic system diagram of a heating surface of a boiler and a schematic position diagram of a relevant smoke temperature measuring point, and fig. 2 is a layout diagram of a hearth outlet smoke temperature measuring point.
The coal-fired boiler high Wen Ouyan temperature testing device based on short-term off-line measured data comprises: the boiler comprises a boiler 1, a screen superheater, a high-temperature reheater, a low-temperature superheater, a low-temperature reheater, an economizer, a temporary thermocouple group 5, a furnace top small chamber 8, a ceiling superheater 9, a wall-covered superheater 10 and a data acquisition instrument 14; the furnace top small chamber 8 is positioned at the top of the horizontal flue, the ceiling superheater 9 is positioned at the upper part of the hearth and the horizontal flue, and the wall-covering superheater 10 is positioned at the periphery of the horizontal flue;
A screen-type superheater outlet section 6 is arranged on a heating surface in the screen-type superheater outlet flue; a high-temperature superheater outlet section 7 is arranged on a heating surface in the high-temperature superheater outlet flue; the heating surface in the low-temperature superheater inlet flue is provided with a low-temperature superheater inlet flue gas temperature on-line measuring point 2, the heating surface in the economizer inlet flue is provided with an economizer inlet flue gas temperature on-line measuring point 3, and the heating surface in the economizer outlet flue is provided with an economizer outlet flue gas temperature on-line measuring point 4; the low-temperature superheater inlet flue gas temperature online measuring point 2, the economizer inlet flue gas temperature online measuring point 3 and the economizer outlet flue gas temperature online measuring point 4 are all positioned in a tail flue of the boiler 1;
The boiler 1 outlet is connected with a screen-type superheater inlet flue, the screen-type superheater outlet flue is connected with a high-temperature superheater inlet flue, the high-temperature superheater outlet flue is connected with a high-temperature reheater inlet flue, the high-temperature reheater outlet flue is connected with a low-temperature superheater inlet flue, the low-temperature superheater outlet flue is connected with a low-temperature reheater inlet flue, and the low-temperature reheater outlet flue is connected with an economizer inlet flue;
The furnace outlet of the boiler 1 is provided with a furnace outlet section 13, a temporary thermocouple group 5 is arranged on the furnace outlet section 13, a flue gas measuring hole group 11 is arranged above the furnace outlet section 13, the flue gas measuring hole group 11 is positioned at the top of a horizontal flue, and the flue gas measuring hole group 11 also passes through a furnace top small chamber 8 to be communicated with the flue at the furnace outlet section 13; the flue gas measuring hole groups 11 are distributed at equal intervals along the hearth outlet section 13 from the left side of the hearth to the right side of the hearth, and probes of the temporary thermocouple group 5 extend downwards from the top of the hearth to a flue gas temperature measuring actually-measured position 12 of the hearth outlet section 13 through the flue gas measuring hole groups 11; the non-probe end of the temporary thermocouple group 5 is connected with a data acquisition instrument 14.
2-4 Thermocouples are inserted into each smoke measuring hole group 11.
Examples:
Taking a coal-fired boiler with a 1000MW cyclone burner as an example, flue gas generated by pulverized coal combustion sequentially flows through a screen superheater, a high-temperature reheater, a low-temperature superheater, a low-temperature reheater and an economizer from a boiler outlet. The boiler is provided with on-line smoke temperature measuring points at the tail flue, and comprises an on-line low-temperature superheater inlet smoke temperature measuring point 2, an on-line economizer inlet smoke temperature measuring point 3 and an on-line economizer outlet smoke temperature measuring point 4. The method comprises the following steps:
And step 1, establishing a smoke temperature calculation model of each section according to a heat balance principle, and calculating to obtain the smoke temperature calculation value of each section of the high temperature area without the on-line smoke temperature measuring point.
1) According to the heat absorption condition of each heating surface of the boiler, the screen type superheater and the high-temperature superheater are divided into radiation/half radiation heating surfaces, and the low-temperature superheater, the low-temperature reheater, the economizer and the high-temperature reheater are divided into convection heating surfaces.
2) Considering that the existing flue gas temperature measuring point 2 at the outlet flue of the high-temperature reheater can be utilized from the heating surface
And calculating the flue gas temperature of the inlet of the high-temperature reheater by using the line working medium side parameters. The calculation method comprises the following steps:
for the convection heating surface, knowing the outlet flue gas temperature of the heating surface, the side inlet parameters of the working medium and the side outlet parameters of the working medium, calculating to obtain the inlet flue gas enthalpy value H' of the heating surface:
In the above formula, h' is the vapor enthalpy of the inlet of the heating surface, and the unit is KJ/Kg; h' is the enthalpy of the outlet steam of the heating surface, and the unit is KJ/Kg; h' is the enthalpy of the flue gas at the inlet of the heating surface, and the unit is KJ/Kg; h' is the enthalpy of the flue gas at the outlet of the heating surface, and the unit is KJ/Kg; d is the flow rate of working medium of a heating surface, and the unit is kg/s; phi is a heat retention coefficient which is the ratio of the heat absorbed by the working medium of the heating surface to the heat emitted by the flue gas; delta alpha is the air leakage coefficient; The unit is KJ/Kg for theoretical cold air enthalpy; bj is fuel consumption, and the unit is Kg/s;
Calculating the inlet flue gas temperature T according to the functional relation between the inlet flue gas enthalpy value H' of the heating surface and the inlet flue gas temperature T in the formula (2):
H'＝C0+C1T+C2T2+C3T3+C4T4+C5T5 (2)
in the above formula, C0, C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 are all related coefficients, and are obtained by consulting a boiler performance test procedure; t is the temperature of flue gas at the inlet of the heating surface, and the unit is K;
3) The radiation and semi-radiation heating surfaces of the boiler are screen type superheaters and high-temperature superheaters. Assuming the temperature of flue gas at the outlet of the furnace, calculating to obtain the heat efficiency coefficient of the water-cooled wall and the direct radiation quantity at the outlet of the furnace, establishing a heat balance equation of the half radiation heating surfaces of the screen type superheater and the high-temperature superheater, calculating the calculated value of the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the furnace according to the flue gas temperature at the inlet of the high-temperature reheater, namely the outlet section of the high-temperature superheater, which is obtained by the calculation in the last step, and when the deviation between the calculated value of the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the furnace and the assumed value is less than 1 DEG C
And when the method is used, iteration can be ended, and a final calculated value Tf cal of the hearth outlet smoke temperature is obtained.
And 2, arranging a flue gas temperature measuring hole above the section of the outlet of the horizontal flue furnace of the boiler by using the shutdown maintenance opportunity of the boiler for actual measurement of the flue gas temperature. The flue gas temperature measuring hole is positioned at the top of the horizontal flue and penetrates through the furnace top small chamber 8 to be communicated with the hearth outlet flue 13. The flue gas temperature measuring points at the outlet section of the hearth can be distributed according to the width and depth of the flue according to a constant section grid method, as shown in fig. 2. Taking the 1000MW boiler as an example, 8 flue gas measuring holes are formed in the position of the section of a flue gas outlet of a hearth at the top of the furnace top large cover, 3 temporary thermocouples are simultaneously inserted into each flue gas measuring hole to reach different depths of the section of a horizontal flue, 8*3 =24 flue gas measuring points are total, each thermocouple is connected with the data acquisition instrument 14, and flue gas temperature data of each measuring point are acquired in real time.
And 3, carrying out actual measurement on the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the hearth by using a temporary thermocouple, collecting a group of flue gas temperature data every 10s by using a data collector, and obtaining 86400 groups of flue gas temperature data corresponding to time by each measuring point when the total collection time is 10 days. Averaging the data of 24 smoke measuring points at corresponding time to obtain 86400 groups of measured smoke temperature average Tf m data; and taking the highest value of the data of the 24 smoke measuring points corresponding to the time to obtain 86400 groups of smoke temperature actual measurement highest values Tf m,max. And after the actual measurement of the smoke temperature is finished, the thermocouple is pulled out through the measuring hole.
And 4, performing polynomial fitting on Tf m data and Tf cal data at corresponding time points to obtain a hearth outlet smoke temperature correction function relation Tf m＝f1(Tfcal). After the actual measurement is completed for 10 days, since the calculated value Tf cal can be calculated in real time according to the existing online measurement point of the boiler, the calculated value can be calculated according to the correction function relation between the actual measurement value of the smoke temperature and the calculated value and the real-time calculated value obtained by calculating according to the step 1Calculating the correction value of the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the hearth at any determined time point in real time by the relation typeThereby obtaining more accurate results of the furnace outlet smoke temperature at any time.
And 5, performing polynomial fitting on Tf m,max data and Tf cal data at corresponding time points to obtain a correction function relation Tf m,max＝f2(Tfcal between the highest smoke temperature Tf m,max and Tf cal of the hearth outlet section. According to the existing online temperature measuring point of the boiler and the correction function relation, the highest smoke temperature of the section of the outlet of the hearth can be calculated in real time and used for judging and early warning the risk of tube explosion of the heating surface.
The flue gas temperature correction values can be obtained in the same way in the screen superheater outlet section 6 and the high temperature superheater outlet section 7.
The flue can be divided left and right, a left flue gas temperature calculated value Tf cal,l and a right flue gas temperature calculated value Tf cal,r are calculated according to working medium side parameters on the left and right sides of a heating surface and on-line flue gas parameters on the left and right sides of a known subsequent heating surface, an actual measurement is carried out to obtain a left flue 12 measuring point flue gas temperature average Tf m,l and a right flue 12 measuring point flue gas temperature average Tf m,r, fitting is carried out to the corresponding calculated values respectively, and a functional relation between an actual measurement value and the calculated value of the single side flue gas temperature can be obtained respectively, so that correction values of the flue gas temperatures on two sides can be calculated in real time.
The highest smoke temperature of the left and right side sections of the flue can also be calculated in real time according to the same method.
Claims (7)
1. A correction calculation method of a coal-fired boiler high Wen Ouyan temperature testing device based on short-term off-line measured data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step 1, dividing each heating surface of a boiler (1) into a convection heating surface and a radiation or semi-radiation heating surface according to the heat absorption condition of each heating surface of the boiler (1); calculating the inlet flue gas temperature of each heating surface section by section according to the opposite direction of the flue gas flow by utilizing the existing on-line working medium side parameters and the existing economizer outlet flue gas side parameters of the tail flue;
step 1.1, aiming at a convection heating surface, knowing the outlet flue gas temperature of the heating surface, the inlet parameter of a working medium side and the outlet parameter of the working medium side, and calculating to obtain an inlet flue gas enthalpy value H' of the heating surface:
In the above formula, h' is the vapor enthalpy of the inlet of the heating surface, and the unit is KJ/Kg; h' is the enthalpy of the outlet steam of the heating surface, and the unit is KJ/Kg; h' is the enthalpy of the flue gas at the inlet of the heating surface, and the unit is KJ/Kg; h' is the enthalpy of the flue gas at the outlet of the heating surface, and the unit is KJ/Kg; d is the flow rate of working medium of a heating surface, and the unit is kg/s; phi is a heat retention coefficient which is the ratio of the heat absorbed by the working medium of the heating surface to the heat emitted by the flue gas; delta alpha is the air leakage coefficient; The unit is KJ/Kg for theoretical cold air enthalpy; bj is fuel consumption, and the unit is Kg/s;
Calculating the inlet flue gas temperature T according to the functional relation between the inlet flue gas enthalpy value H' of the heating surface and the inlet flue gas temperature T in the formula (2):
H'＝C0+C1T+C2T2+C3T3+C4T4+C5T5 (2)
in the above formula, C0, C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 are all related coefficients, and are obtained by consulting a boiler performance test procedure; t is the temperature of flue gas at the inlet of the heating surface, and the unit is K;
Step 1.2, carrying out assumption and iterative calculation on a radiation or semi-radiation heating surface: assuming the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the furnace, calculating to obtain the heat efficiency coefficient of the water-cooled wall and the direct radiation quantity at the outlet of the furnace, establishing a heat balance equation of a half radiation heating surface, and calculating the calculated value of the flue gas at the outlet of the furnace; ending the iteration when the deviation between the calculated value and the assumed value of the hearth outlet flue gas temperature is less than 1 ℃, and obtaining a final calculated value Tf acl of the hearth outlet flue gas temperature;
Step 2, when the boiler is shut down for overhauling, a smoke measuring hole group (11) is arranged above a hearth outlet section (13) to test the temperature of smoke; the flue gas measuring hole group (11) is positioned at the top of the horizontal flue and penetrates through the furnace top small chamber (8) to be communicated with the flue at the furnace outlet section (13); arranging flue gas temperature measuring points of a hearth outlet section (13) according to the depth and width of a flue according to a constant section grid method, arranging flue gas measuring holes at intervals of 1-2 meters, simultaneously arranging 1-4 armoured thermocouples on each flue gas measuring hole, and enabling the insertion depths of the armoured thermocouples to be different; all the armored thermocouples are connected with a data acquisition instrument (14);
Step 3, measuring the temperature of the flue gas at the section (13) of the outlet of the hearth by using the temporary thermocouple group (5), and collecting the temperature data of the flue gas in the total duration T in real time by using the data acquisition instrument (14); setting the acquisition interval of the data acquisition instrument (14) to be tau to obtain A flue gas temperature actual measurement value Tf m,i at a group hearth outlet section (13), wherein i represents a measuring point sequence number; when the temporary thermocouple group (5) is damaged, the thermocouple is pulled out through the smoke hole measuring group (11);
Step 4, averaging the actual measurement values Tf m,i of the flue gas temperatures of each group to obtain a hearth outlet flue gas temperature average value Tf m, and performing polynomial fitting on the hearth outlet flue gas temperature average value Tf m and the final calculation value Tf cal of the hearth outlet flue gas temperature obtained in step 1.2 to obtain a correction function relation between Tf m and Tf cal:
Tfm＝f1(Tfcal) (3)
After the actual measurement of the flue gas temperature data in the total duration T is completed, according to a corrected functional relation between the actual measurement value of the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the furnace in the formula (1) and the final calculation value of the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the furnace, and according to the final calculation value Tf cal of the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the furnace obtained in the step 1.2, calculating the flue gas temperature correction value Tf c,ti at any determined time point in real time:
in the above formula, the subscript t i is a certain determined time point;
Step 5, according to step 3 The flue gas temperature measured value Tf m,i at the section (13) of the hearth outlet is set to obtain the highest value Tf m,max of the hearth outlet flue gas temperature, and polynomial fitting is carried out on the highest value Tf m,max of the hearth outlet flue gas temperature and the final calculated value Tf cal of the hearth outlet flue gas temperature obtained in the step 1.2 to obtain a correction function relation of Tf m,max and Tf cal:
Tfm,max＝f2(Tfcal) (5)
and comparing the highest value of the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the hearth with the designed flue gas temperature at the heating surface, and judging whether the heating surface has a pipe explosion risk.
2. The method for calculating the correction of the high Wen Ouyan temperature test device for the coal-fired boiler based on short-term offline measured data according to claim 1, wherein the online working medium side parameters in the step 1 include: heating surface inlet temperature, heating surface inlet pressure, heating surface outlet temperature, heating surface outlet pressure and working medium flow; if the selected heating surface is the heating surface of the desuperheating water, the on-line working medium side parameters also comprise the desuperheating water temperature, the desuperheating water pressure and the flow parameters.
3. The correction calculation method of the coal-fired boiler high Wen Ouyan temperature test device based on short-term offline measured data according to claim 1, wherein the correction calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the convection heating surface in the step 1 comprises a high-temperature reheater, a low-temperature superheater, a low-temperature reheater and an economizer; the radiation or semi-radiation heating surface in the step 1 comprises a screen superheater and a high-temperature superheater.
4. The method for calculating the correction of the high Wen Ouyan temperature test device for the coal-fired boiler based on the short-term off-line measured data according to claim 1, wherein the following steps are provided between the step 2 and the step 3: and (3) referring to the step 2, arranging a flue gas measuring hole group (11) on the screen-type superheater outlet section (6) and the high-temperature superheater outlet section (7) at the same time.
5. The correction calculation method of the coal-fired boiler high Wen Ouyan temperature test device based on short-term offline measured data according to claim 1, wherein the correction calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: and in the step 3, the total duration T is selected according to the service life of the thermocouple, and the value range is 5-15 days.
6. The correction calculation method of a coal-fired boiler high Wen Ouyan temperature test device based on short-term off-line measured data according to claim 1, wherein the coal-fired boiler high Wen Ouyan temperature test device based on short-term off-line measured data comprises: the boiler comprises a boiler (1), a screen superheater, a high-temperature reheater, a low-temperature superheater, a low-temperature reheater, an economizer, a temporary thermocouple group (5), a furnace top small chamber (8), a ceiling superheater (9), a wall-wrapped superheater (10) and a data acquisition instrument (14); the furnace top small chamber (8) is positioned at the top of the horizontal flue, the ceiling superheater (9) is positioned at the upper parts of the hearth and the horizontal flue, and the wall-covering superheater (10) is positioned at the periphery of the horizontal flue;
A screen-type superheater outlet section (6) is arranged on a heating surface in the screen-type superheater outlet flue; a high-temperature superheater outlet section (7) is arranged on a heating surface in the high-temperature superheater outlet flue; the heating surface in the low-temperature superheater inlet flue is provided with a low-temperature superheater inlet flue gas temperature on-line measuring point (2), the heating surface in the economizer inlet flue is provided with an economizer inlet flue gas temperature on-line measuring point (3), and the heating surface in the economizer outlet flue is provided with an economizer outlet flue gas temperature on-line measuring point (4); the low-temperature superheater inlet flue gas temperature online measuring point (2), the economizer inlet flue gas temperature online measuring point (3) and the economizer outlet flue gas temperature online measuring point (4) are all positioned in a tail flue of the boiler (1);
The outlet of the boiler (1) is connected with a screen-type superheater inlet flue, the screen-type superheater outlet flue is connected with a high-temperature superheater inlet flue, the high-temperature superheater outlet flue is connected with a high-temperature reheater inlet flue, the high-temperature reheater outlet flue is connected with a low-temperature superheater inlet flue, the low-temperature superheater outlet flue is connected with a low-temperature reheater inlet flue, and the low-temperature reheater outlet flue is connected with an economizer inlet flue;
The furnace outlet of the boiler (1) is provided with a furnace outlet section (13), a temporary thermocouple group (5) is arranged on the furnace outlet section (13), a flue gas measuring hole group (11) is arranged above the furnace outlet section (13), the flue gas measuring hole group (11) is positioned at the top of a horizontal flue, and the flue gas measuring hole group (11) also passes through a furnace top small chamber (8) to be communicated with the flue at the furnace outlet section (13); the flue gas measuring hole groups (11) are distributed at equal intervals along the hearth outlet section (13) from the left side of the hearth to the right side of the hearth, and probes of the temporary thermocouple group (5) extend downwards from the top of the hearth to a flue gas temperature testing actual measurement position (12) of the hearth outlet section (13) through the flue gas measuring hole groups (11); the non-probe end of the temporary thermocouple group (5) is connected with a data acquisition instrument (14).
7. The correction calculation method of the coal-fired boiler high Wen Ouyan temperature test device based on short-term offline measured data according to claim 1, wherein the correction calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: 2-4 thermocouples are inserted into each smoke measuring hole group (11).
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